02-Numpy Indexing and Selection

March 24, 2024

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1 NumPy Indexing and Selection

In this lecture we will discuss how to select elements or groups of elements from an array.

[2]: import numpy as np

[3]: #Creating sample array

arr = np.arange(0,11)

[4]: #Show
arr

[4]: array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

1.1 Bracket Indexing and Selection

The simplest way to pick one or some elements of an array looks very similar to python lists:

[5]: #Get a value at an index

arr[8]

[5]: 8

[6]: #Get values in a range

arr[1:5]

[6]: array([1, 2, 3, 4])

[7]: #Get values in a range

arr[0:5]

[7]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])

1.2 Broadcasting
Numpy arrays differ from a normal Python list because of their ability to broadcast:

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[8]: #Setting a value with index range (Broadcasting)
arr[0:5]=100

#Show
arr

[8]: array([100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

[9]: # Reset array, we'll see why I had to reset in a moment

arr = np.arange(0,11)

#Show
arr

[9]: array([ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

[10]: #Important notes on Slices

slice_of_arr = arr[0:6]

#Show slice
slice_of_arr

[10]: array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

[11]: #Change Slice

slice_of_arr[:]=99

#Show Slice again

slice_of_arr

[11]: array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99])

Now note the changes also occur in our original array!

[12]: arr

[12]: array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

Data is not copied, it’s a view of the original array! This avoids memory problems!

[13]: #To get a copy, need to be explicit

arr_copy = arr.copy()

arr_copy

[13]: array([99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

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 1.3 Indexing a 2D array (matrices)
The general format is arr_2d[row][col] or arr_2d[row,col]. I recommend usually using the
comma notation for clarity.

[14]: arr_2d = np.array(([5,10,15],[20,25,30],[35,40,45]))

#Show
arr_2d

[14]: array([[ 5, 10, 15],

[20, 25, 30],
[35, 40, 45]])

[15]: #Indexing row

arr_2d[1]

[15]: array([20, 25, 30])

[16]: # Format is arr_2d[row][col] or arr_2d[row,col]

# Getting individual element value

arr_2d[1][0]

[16]: 20

[17]: # Getting individual element value

arr_2d[1,0]

[17]: 20

[18]: # 2D array slicing

#Shape (2,2) from top right corner

arr_2d[:2,1:]

[18]: array([[10, 15],

[25, 30]])

[19]: #Shape bottom row

arr_2d[2]

[19]: array([35, 40, 45])

[20]: #Shape bottom row

arr_2d[2,:]

[20]: array([35, 40, 45])

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 1.3.1 Fancy Indexing
Fancy indexing allows you to select entire rows or columns out of order,to show this, let’s quickly
build out a numpy array:

[21]: #Set up matrix

arr2d = np.zeros((10,10))

[22]: #Length of array

arr_length = arr2d.shape[1]

[23]: #Set up array

for i in range(arr_length):
arr2d[i] = i

arr2d

[23]: array([[ 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
[ 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],
[ 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2.],
[ 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3., 3.],
[ 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4.],
[ 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5., 5.],
[ 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6.],
[ 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7.],
[ 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8.],
[ 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9., 9.]])

Fancy indexing allows the following

[24]: arr2d[[2,4,6,8]]

[24]: array([[ 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2.],
[ 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4.],
[ 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6.],
[ 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8., 8.]])

[25]: #Allows in any order

arr2d[[6,4,2,7]]

[25]: array([[ 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6., 6.],
[ 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4., 4.],
[ 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2., 2.],
[ 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7., 7.]])

1.4 More Indexing Help

Indexing a 2d matrix can be a bit confusing at first, especially when you start to add in step size.
Try google image searching NumPy indexing to fins useful images, like this one:

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 1.5 Selection
Let’s briefly go over how to use brackets for selection based off of comparison operators.

[28]: arr = np.arange(1,11)

arr

[28]: array([ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

[30]: arr > 4

[30]: array([False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True, True, True],
dtype=bool)

[31]: bool_arr = arr>4

[32]: bool_arr

[32]: array([False, False, False, False, True, True, True, True, True, True],
dtype=bool)

[33]: arr[bool_arr]

[33]: array([ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

[34]: arr[arr>2]

[34]: array([ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

[37]: x = 2
arr[arr>x]

[37]: array([ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])

2 Great Job!