Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

II B. Tech II Semes ester Supplementary Examinations, Februaryy - 2022

SOIL MECHANICS
(Agricultural Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max.
M Marks: 70
tion Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part--B)
Note: 1. Questio
2. Answerer ALL the question in Part-A
3. Answerer any FOUR Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~
Graph sheets to be provided.
PART –A
1. a) Draw the ISSCS chart fo for soil classification. 3M
b) A long strip footing of width 2 m carries a load of 400 kN/m. Calcu culate the 3M
maximum stress at a dep epth of 5 m below the center line of the footing.
c) Draw the stress-strain ccurve, for Normally and Over consolidated clays cla in a 2M
consolidated drained test
est.
d) Discuss the salient featu tures of Jodhpur mini compaction test. 2M
e) For a normally consolid lidated clay specimen, the following data are obtained
o 2M
from a laboratory consol
solidation test.
N/m2
e1= 1.10, σ 1’ = 65.0 kN/
kN 2
e2= 0.85, σ 2’ =240.0 kN/m
Find the compression index
ind Cc.
f) Explain under what conditions
con Face failure and Toe failure occur in Finite 2M
slopes.
PART -B
2. a) Refer to the figure givenven below. Calculate σ , µ , and σ 1 at A, B, C andan D for the 7M
following cases and plo lot the variations with depth. (Note e= void ratiotio, w= water
content, Gs= specific ggravity of soil solids, γ d= dry unit weightt and γ sat=
saturated unit weight).
Problem Layer I Layer II Layer III
i H1 = 1.5 m H2 = 1.83 m H3 = 2.44 m
.6 kN/m3 γ sat = 18.87 kN/m3
γ d = 17.6 kN 3
γ sat = 19.65 kN/m
ii H1 = 4m H2 = 3 m H3 = 1.5 m
e = 0.6 e = 0.52 W%= 40%
Gs = 2.65 Gs = 2.68 e = 1.1
b) In a deposit of fine sandand the water table is 3 m below the ground surf rface but the 7M
sand up to a height off 1 m above the water table is saturated by capil pillary water.
The sand above this heigeight may be considered dry. For the sand, Gs= 2.68 2 and n=
40%. Calculate the effecective stress at a depth of 8 m.

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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1
3. a) A rectangle area 4 m X 6 m carries a uniformly distributed load of 100 kN/m2at the 7M
ground surface. Estimate the vertical pressure at a depth of 6 m vertically below the
centre and also below a corner of the loaded area.

Influence factors for vertical stress beneath a corner of a uniformly loaded

rectangular area (After Fadum, 1941)
b) A flexible circular footing of radius R carries a uniform pressure q. Find the depth 3+4
(in terms of R) at which the vertical stress below the center is 20% of q. In addition, =7M
if the radius of the circular area, R = 3m, uniformly distributed load, q= 250 kN/m2,
calculate the vertical stress increase ∆σ z at a point located 5 m below the ground
surface (immediately below the center of the circular area).
4. a) The results below were obtained at failure in a series of consolidated – undrained 7M
(CU) triaxial tests, with pore water pressure measurement, on specimens of a fully
saturated clay. Determine the values of total and effective shear strength parameters.
σ 3 (kPa) 150 300 450 600
-
σ1 σ3 (kPa) 103 202 305 410
u (kPa) 82 169 252 331
b) For a normally consolidated clay, these are the results of a drained test: Chamber 7M
confining pressure= 104 kN/m2; deviator stress at failure= 125 kN/m2. Obtain the
angle of friction, φ ’. Also, determine the angle θ that the failure plane makes with
the major principal plane.
5. a) Illustrate (i) the effect of moisture content on the dry density for a constant
compactive effort and (ii) effect of compactive effort, the γ d -moisture content
relationship. The following is the data obtained in a compaction test.
Specific gravity = 2.65. Obtain maximum dry density and optimum moisture
content from the plot.

Moisture content(%) 2 4.2 5.5 6.6 7.5 10

3
Wet density(kN/m ) 20.2 20.8 21.7 22.0 22.1 22.0
b) An earthen embankment of 106 m3 volume is to be constructed with a soil having a 7M
void ratio of 0.80 after compaction. There are three borrow pits marked A, B and C,
having soils with void ratios of 0.90, 1.50 and 1.80, respectively. The cost of
excavation and transporting the soil is Rs. 0.25, Rs. 0.23 and Rs.0.18 per m,
respectively. Calculate the volume of soil to be excavated from each pit. Which
borrow pit is the most economical? Take G = 2.65.
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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

6. a) A clay layer 4 m thick is subjected to a pressure of 55 kN/m2. If the layer has a 7M

double drainage and undergoes 50% consolidation in one year, determine the
coefficient of consolidation. Take Tv= 0.196. if the coefficient of permeability is
0.020 m/yr, determine the settlement in one year and rate of flow of water per unit
area in one year.
b) Explain the Terzaghi’s theory of one-dimensional primary consolidation with is 7M
assumptions.

7. a) An infinite slope consists of 5 m of soil lying on top of a bedrock. The bedrock and 7M
the soil surface are both inclined at 230to the horizontal. The soil properties are:
= 18.5 kN/m3, c’= 15 kN/m2and φ ’= 200. Assume that the slope is dry.
i) Obtain the maximum shear stress developed within the soil?
ii) Calculate the maximum shear strength available within the soil?
iii) Determine the factor of safety for the slope?
iv) Evaluate the maximum possible depth for the soil before it becomes unstable?
v) Assuming the friction is fully mobilized, determine the factor of safety with
respect to cohesion?
b)
The soil conditions adjacent to a sheet pile wall are as given in the figure, a
surcharge pressure of 50 kPa being carried on the surface behind the wall. For soil
1, a sand above the water table, c’ =0, φ ’ =38o and γ =18 kN/m3. For soil 2,
saturated clay, c’ =10 kPa, φ ’ =28o and γ sat = 20 kN/m3. Plot the distributions of
active pressure behind the wall and passive pressure in front of the wall.

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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

II B. Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April- 2018

SOIL MECHANICS
(Agricultural Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answer ALL the question in Part-A
3. Answer any FOUR Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART –A
1. a) Define Void Ratio, degree of Saturation and porosity (3M)
b) What do you understand by Geostatic Stresses (2M)
c) Write the demerits of Triaxial Test (2M)
d) Explain about Jodhpur Mini Compaction test (3M)
e) Write about the assumptions of Terzaghis theory (2M)
f) Write about the assumptions of Rankine’s theory of earth pressure (2M)
PART –B
2. a) Define effective stress and importance of effective stress (4M)
b) A soil profile consists of a surface layer of sand 3.5m thick (ρ=1.65 mg/m3), an (10M)
intermediate layer of clay 2.5 m thick (ρ=1.95 mg/m3) and the bottom layer of
gravel 3.5m thick (ρ=1.925 mg/m3). The water table is at the upper surface of
the clay layer. Determine the effective stress at various levels immediately after
placement of a surcharge load of 58.86 KN/m2 to the ground surface.

3. a) State the assumptions made in computing stresses (4M)

b) Derive an expression for the vertical stress at appoint due to a point load using (10M)
boussinesq’s theory

4. a) What is mohrs circle? Discuss its importance characteristics (6M)

b) A Sample of dry cohesionless soil was tested in a triaxial machine. If the angle (8M)
of shearing resistance was 30° and the confining pressure of 100KN/m2,
determine the deviator stress at which the sample failed

5. a) Discuss about the factors affecting compaction (7M)

b) A Sample of soil was prepared by mixing a quantity of dry soil with 10% by (7M)
mass of water. Find the mass of this wet mixture required to produce a
cylindrical compacted specimen of 17cm diameter and 14.5 cm deep and
having 6% air content. Find void ratio and dry density of the specimen if G is
2.68

6. a) Derive the equation for coefficient of consolidation (1D) (10M)

b) Briefly explain the procedure of consolidation test (4M)
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7. a) Derive the expression for active and passive earth pressure with mohr’s circle (7M)
b) Determine the lateral earth pressure at rest per unit length of the wall of two (7M)
layers each of 2m with top layer as 17 KN/m3 unit weight and bottom layer 19
KN/m3 saturated unit weight with Ø is30°

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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

II B. Tech II Semester Regular/ Supplementary Examinations, April/May - 2019

SOIL MECHANICS
(Agricultural Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answer ALL the question in Part-A
3. Answer any FOUR Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART –A
1. a) Define the following terms: (3M)
i) dry density ii) specific weight iii) submerged unit weight
b) Write the concept of Westerguard’s analysis. (3M)
c) Write the Advantages of tri-axial test. (2M)
d) Write the factors affecting compaction. (2M)
e) Define Coefficient of volume change and Coefficient of consolidation. (2M)
f) Write the numerical expression for calculation of earth pressure. (2M)
PART -B
2. a) A fully saturated clay sample has mass of 150 g and a volume of 75 cm3. After (7M)
oven drying, the clay has mass of 125 g. Assuming that the volume does not
change during drying, determine i) G, ii) e iii) n and iv) γd
b) What is the purpose of Soil classification? List out the classification of soil and (7M)
explain about textural classification?

3. a) Derive the expression of vertical pressure under a uniformly loaded circular area (7M)
by using the Bousinesq equation.
b) A cylindrical specimen of saturated clay, 4 cm in diameter and 9cm overall length (7M)
is tested in an unconfined compression tester. The specimen has conned ends and
its length between the apices of cones is 8 cm. Find the unconfined compressive
strength of clay, if the specimen fails under an axial load of 46.5 N. the change in
length of specimen at failure is 1 cm.

4. a) Explain about the Rankine’s theory of active earth pressure of cohesive soils with (7M)
suitable diagram.
b) Two identical specimens, 8 cm in diameter and 15 cm high, of partly saturated (7M)
compacted soil are tested in a triaxial cell under undrained conditions. The first
specimen failed at an additional axial load of 700 N under a cell pressure of
100kN/ m2. The second specimen failed at an additional axial load of 900 N under
a cell pressure of 200 kN/ m2. The increase in volume of the first specimen at
failure is 1.2 ml and it shortens by 0.5 cm at failure. The increase in volume of the
second specimen at failure is 1.6 ml and it shortens by 0.8 cm at failure. Determine
the value of apparent cohesion and the angle of shearing resistance.

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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

5. a) Explain the procedure for determining undrained shear strength of cohesive soil (7M)
using Vane shear test.
b) A retaining wall 4 m high has a smooth vertical back. The backfill has a (7M)
horizontal surface in level with the top of the wall. There is uniformly distributed
surcharge load of 36 KN/m2; its angle of shearing resistance is 300 and cohesion is
zero. Determine the magnitude and point of application of active pressure per
meter length of the wall.

6. a) Explain spring analogy used in consolidation of soil. (7M)

b) Work out theoretical max. dry density for a soil sample having specific gravity of (7M)
2.7 and water content of 16 % during a standard Proctor test. If the values of G
are 2.65, what is the degree of saturation? What is the maximum dry density it
can further compacted?

7. a) Explain the concept of Taylor’s stability number. (7M)

b) A rectangular area 2 m x 4 m carries a uniform load of 60kN/m2 at the ground (7M)
surface. Find the vertical pressures at 4 m below the center and corner of the
loaded area by the equivalent load method.

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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, November- 2018

SOIL MECHANICS
(Agricultural Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. Answer ALL the question in Part-A
3. Answer any FOUR Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PART –A
1. a) Sketch the phase diagram for a soil and indicate the terms (3M)
b) Write a short note on Equivalent Point Load method (2M)
c) Write the merits of Triaxial Test (2M)
d) Write a short note on Harvard miniature compaction test (3M)
e) Write the limitations of consolidation theory (2M)
f) Write about the assumptions of columb’s wedge theory of earth pressure (2M)
PART –B
2. a) Write about formation of soils. (4M)
b) The atterberg limits of a clay soil are: Liquid Limit is 76%, Plastic Limit is (10M)
44% and shrinkage limit is 26%. If a sample of the soil has a volume of 30cm3
at the liquid limit and a volume 16.6cm3 at the shrinkage limit. Determine the
specific gravity of solids, shrinkage ratio and volumetric shrinkage

3. a) Write the difference between Bousinsq’s and Westergaurds theories (6M)

b) A long strip footing of width 2m carries a load of 400KN/m. Calculate the (8M)
maximum stress at a depth of 5m below the centre of line of footing. Compare
the results with 2:1 distribution method.

4. a) What is direct shear test (2M)

b) Derive the expression for stress systems with principal planes not with shear (12M)

5. a) Discuss about the effect of compaction on properties of soils (7M)

b) The following are the results of the compaction test with standard proctor of (7M)
weight 2kg calculate the OMC and MDD
Weight of soil with 2925 3025 3250 3085 2890
mould
Water Content 10 12.5 13.8 15 17.5

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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

6. a) Calculate the settlement of clay layer shown in figure due to an increase of (10M)
pressure of 30KN/m2 mid height of the layer. Take ɣw 10KN/m2

b) Write about the stages of consolidation (4M)

7. a) What are the different types of Lateral earth pressures (6M)

b) Determine the active earth pressure on the retaining wall as shown in the figure (8M)
and also draw the pressure distribution diagram and also calculate the
magnitude and direction of the total pressure.

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Code No: R1622354 R16 SET - 1

II B. Tech II Semester Supplementary Examinations, December - 2022

SOIL MECHANICS
(Agricultural Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
2. AnswerALL the question in Part-A
3. Answer any FOUR Questions from Part-B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
PART –A(14M)
1. a) Classify different types of soils. (2M)
b) Write briefly about Newmark’s influence chart. (3M)
c) Write the limitations of tri-axial test. (3M)
d) Briefly write about spring analogy. (2M)
e) Write the concept of Consolidation. (2M)
f) Write about void ratio. (2M)
PART –B (4X14M=56M)
2. a) Explain the phenomena of formation and transportation of soils. (7M)
b) Define: total stress, effective stress and neutral stress as applied to soils. (7M)

3. Explain Westergaard’s theory for the determination of the vertical stress at a (14M)
point. How is it different from Boussinesq’s solution?

4. What are the three standard triaxial shear tests with respect to drainage (14M)
conditions? Explain with reasons the situations for which each test is to be
preferred.

5. Describe standard proctor test and modified proctor test. How would you (14M)
decide the type of the test to be conducted in the laboratory?

6. a) Discuss the Limitations of Terzaghi’s theory of consolidation. Why this theory (14M)
is used despite its limitations?

7. a) Derive the equation for F.S. of infinite slope in a purely cohesive soil. (7M)
b) What do you understand by infinite slope and derive equation for F.S. of (7M)
infinite slope in cohesionless soil.

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