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18 views5 pages

Group 03

Uploaded by

matikojohn13
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© © All Rights Reserved
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DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


ORDINARY DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
NTA LEVEL 4
ASSIGNMENT
SUBJECT CODE: EET 04212
SUBJECT NAME: DC MACHINE
CLASS: OD23 ERE
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023/2024
LECTURE NAME: NICKSON MWASHA
GROUP NUMBER 03
NO NAMES REGISTRATION NUMBER
01 LANCE GADI 23032331799
02 ISAAC KAMALA 23022325569
03 JAMES SWEDY 23032342341
04 MBIGILI NYANDA 23032326369
05 NASSIBU MDUDA 23032353215
06 GOODLUCK SANGA 23032354007
a) What principle DC generator works?
DC generator works based on the principle of Faradays law of electromagne c induc on which states
that “Whenever the conductor cuts by the magne c field,emf is induced on it”

b) In D.C machine which parts are sta onary and which are rota ng?
In DC machine the stator is the sta onary part while rotor is the rota ng part of the dc machine

c) What is the func on of carbon brush used in D.C generator?


It collects current from the commutator and given to the sta onary external circuit

d) Dis nguish between lap and wave winding used in D.C generator.
LAP WINDING WAVE WINDING
Number of parallel path equals Numbers of parallel path
to number of poles equals to 2
Number of brush pairs equals Numbers of brush pairs equals
to number of poles to 2
Used for low voltage Used for high voltage
Used in high current machines Used in low current machines

e) What is the func on of armature in the D.C generator?


The main func on of armature coil is to generate Emf

f) Name things required for genera on of EMF.


Magne c flux
Field coil
Closed circuit

g) What do you mean by field excita on?


Field excita on is the process of crea ng magne c flux in an electromechanical device such as
generator and motor

h) What is the construc onal difference between D.C series


generator?
DC series generator construc on differs from other types of generators due to its series arrangement
of its field winding with armature winding resul ng to armature currents to pass through field
winding as well

i) A D.C generator fails to self-excite. List the causes for the failure.
 Poor brush contact
 Long direc on of rota on
 Disconnec on of field winding
 No residual magne sm in poles
j) Why generators are paralleled?
Generators are o en connected in parallel to increase the overall power capacity and reliability of
the system. When generators are connected in parallel, they work together to supply the total load
demand. This setup allows for flexibility in managing power distribu on and ensures con nuity of
power supply, especially in situa ons where one generator may not be suffi cient to meet the en re
load requirement. By opera ng in parallel, generators can share the load effi ciently and provide a
more stable and reliable power supply.
k) What is yoke? What purpose does it serve?
Yoke is the outer cover of a dc machine that acts as protec on and providing mechanical support for
the poles,also carrying magne c flux produced by the poles

l) Why the armature core in D.C machine is constructed with


laminated steel sheets instead of solid steel sheets?
Lamina ons reduces eddy current loss but steel sheets provide low reluctance path to the magne c
fields

m) How to design the number of brushes for a D.C machine?


The numbers of brush locations are decided by the type of winding. In lap winding the number of brush locations
is equal to number of poles and in wave winding it is always 2. Each location there may be more than one brush
mounted on a Spindle when the current per brush location is more than 70A. Hence the number of brushes in a
spindle is selected such that each brush does not carry more than 70A.

n) How can one differen ate between long shunt compound generator
and short shunt compound generator?
Generators are o en connected in parallel to increase the overall power capacity and reliability of
the system. When generators are connected in parallel, they work together to supply the total load
demand. This setup allows for flexibility in managing power distribu on and ensures con nuity of
power supply, especially in situa ons where one generator may not be suffi cient to meet the en re
load requirement. By opera ng in parallel, generators can share the load effi ciently and provide a
more stable and reliable power supply.

o) Write down the emf equa on for D.C generator?


E=( ФNZP/60)v

P=number of poles
Z=total number of conductor
Ф=flux per pole
N=speed in rpm

p) Men on the two types of winding used in the D.C machines


 Lap winding
 Wave winding .

q) What are the dummy coils?


Dummy coils are addi onal coils or windings included in the armature of dc machine to help improve
commuta on

r) Why square pole is preferred?


Square pole is preferred for minimizing the length of field turn

s) How are armature windings are classified based on placement of


coil inside the armature slots?
Armature windings are classified based on the placement of the coil inside the armature slots as
either closed-coil or open-coil windings. Closed-coil windings have their coils completely inserted
into the armature slots, while open-coil windings have part of their coils s cking out of the slots. The
classifica on is important as it affects the performance and characteris cs of the machine.

t) How is the voltage built up in shunt generator?


When the generator starts rota ng, the residual magne sm induces a small voltage in the armature
windings, which then creates a current to flow through the field windings, further strengthening the
magne c field and increasing the generated voltage.
u) The cri cal resistance of a DC shunt generator is the minimum external resistance that needs to be
connected to the generator's armature circuit to ensure that the generator self-excites and builds up
voltage properly.

v) A DC generator may not have residual flux if the residual magne sm in the field poles is lost due to
factors like prolonged disuse or demagne za on.

w) Methods to eliminate armature reac on effect in a DC generator include interpoles,


compensa ng windings, and using a commuta ng pole.

x) The voltage in a DC generator can be increased by increasing the speed of rota on, increasing the
strength of the magne c field, or reducing the internal resistance of the generator.

y) Two methods of improving commuta on in a DC generator are using interpoles and compensa ng
windings.

z) The applica ons of different types of DC generators are:


- Series DC generators: Used in applica ons requiring high star ng torque like electric locomo ves.
- Shunt DC generators: Commonly used in general power supply applica ons.
- Compound DC generators: Suitable for applica ons requiring both high star ng torque and stable
voltage regula on, such as in industrial machinery.

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