Siavash Sahebi Coaching Technics Tutorials

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Siavash Sahebi PCTP, “Practical

Communicative Teaching Plan”

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 Sahebi Education Psychology Spider

Diagram

There are different types of teaching methods that can be

categorized into four broad types.
 ▪ Teacher-centered methods,
▪ Learner-centered methods,
▪ Content-focused methods; and
▪ Interactive/participative methods.

Instructor/Teacher-Centered Methods
Here the teacher casts himself/herself in the role of being a master of
the subject matter. The teacher is looked upon by the learners as an
expert or an authority. Learners, on the other hand, are presumed to
be passive and copious recipients of knowledge from the teacher.

Examples of such methods are expository or lecture methods – which

require little or no involvement of learners in the teaching process. It
is also for this lack of involvement of the learners in what they are
taught, that such methods are called “closed-ended”.

Learner-Centered Methods
In learner-centered methods, the teacher/instructor is both a
teacher and a learner at the same time. In the words of Lawrence
Stenhouse, the teacher plays a dual role as a learner as well “so that
in his classroom extends rather than constricts his intellectual
horizons”.

The teacher also learns new things every day that he/she didn’t
know in the process of teaching. The teacher “becomes a resource
rather than an authority”. Examples of learner-centered methods are
the discussion method, the discovery or inquiry-based approach,
and Hill’s model of learning through discussion (Siavash Sahebi
Practical Communicative Teaching Plan PCTP).
 Content-Focused Methods
In this category of methods, both the teacher and the learners have
to fit into the content that is taught. Generally, this means the
information and skills to be taught are regarded as sacrosanct or
very important.

A lot of emphasis is laid on clarity and careful analyses of content.

Both the teacher and the learners cannot alter or become critical of
anything to do with the content. An example of a method that
subordinates the interests of the teacher and learners to the content
is the programmed learning approach.

Interactive/Participative Methods
This fourth category borrows a bit from the three other methods
without necessarily laying emphasis unduly on either the learner,
content, or teacher. These methods are driven by the situational
analysis of what is the most appropriate thing for us to learn/do now
given the situation of learners and the teacher.

Details of Various Methods with Advantages

& Disadvantages
 Lecture Method
The lecture method is one of the most traditional and widely used
teaching methods. In this method, the teacher delivers the
information to the students in a structured and organized manner.
This method is suitable for large groups of students and is most
effective when the material being presented is complex or
theoretical.

USES & APPLICATIONS

▪ To orient students.
▪ To introduce a subject.
▪ To give directions on procedures.
▪ To present basic material.
▪ To introduce a demonstration, discussion, or performance.
▪ To illustrate the application of rules, principles, or concepts.
▪ To review, clarify, emphasize or summarize.
A formal or semi-formal discourse in which the instructor presents a
series of events, facts, or principles, explores a problem or explains
relationships

▪ It creates new ideas.

▪ It is good for a large class.
▪ The teacher is experienced and has mastery of the subject,
explains all points, and can answer all questions raised by
students.
▪ Students can ask if they need any clarification.
▪ Learn through listening
▪ The teacher explains all the points.
▪ Students give their input
▪ The teacher discusses the whole topic in the class in an easy
language so students can easily understand the topic.
▪ It is good for a large class.
▪ The teacher provides all knowledge related to the topic.
▪ Time-saving as a teacher is supposed to finish the lecture on
time.
▪ Students give their views at the end of the lecture.
▪ Students can ask the question if they have any problems
understanding the lecture.
▪ Students attentively listen to a lecture and take notes as the
teacher ask questions at the end of the lecture.
▪ Students know and understand basic concepts.
▪ The teacher knows all the students so he/she can use suitable
strategies for the class to make them understand.
▪ The teacher is experienced and has mastery of a subject and
can answer all questions by students.
▪ Teachers share information with students so it creates interest in
students.
▪ Students are more involved and participate when the teacher
asks questions.
▪ The teacher provides notes.
▪ Students easily understand every point.
▪ Students share knowledge with the teacher.
▪ The teacher is a role model for students.
▪ Siavash Sahebi Coaching Technics.
 ▪ Siavash Sahebi PCTP, “Practical Communicative Teaching
Plan”.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Involves one-way

Saves time. communication.

Permits flexibility. Poses problems in skill

Requires less rigid space teaching.

requirement. Encourages student

Permits adaptability. passiveness.

Permits versatility. Poses difficulty in gauging

Permits better center over student reaction.

contact and sequence. Require highly skilled

instructors.
 Discussion Method
The discussion method involves encouraging students to share their
ideas and opinions about a particular topic. This method is effective
when the goal is to promote critical thinking and problem-solving
skills.

USES & APPLICATIONS

▪ To develop imaginative solutions to problems.

▪ To stimulate thinking and interest and to secure student
participation.
▪ To emphasize main teaching points.
▪ To supplement lectures, reading & laboratory exercises.
▪ To determine how well the student understands concepts and
principles.
▪ To prepare students for the application of the theory of
procedure.
▪ To summarize, clarify points or review.
It also helps to promote collaboration and teamwork among
students.

▪ A method in which group discussion techniques are used to

reach instructional objectives.
▪ Students listen to others’ opinions & express their opinion.
▪ Discuss with teachers the points that were missed during the
discussion.
▪ Students learn on their own & find out key points.
▪ Students exchange their ideas.
 ▪ Students get point of view of all and not only those who always
speak.
▪ After discussion when students give their presentation, the
teacher corrects their mistakes.
▪ Students can make their own notes.
▪ The learning is more effective.
▪ They don’t have to rely on rote learning.
▪ Develops creativity among students.
▪ It evokes thinking among students.
▪ Students have time for the preparation of the topic.
▪ Students should have material and knowledge before the
discussion. Suggestion
▪ Only those students participate who have confidence rest do
not participate.
▪ Concepts become clear after discussion.
▪ Every student gives his/ her opinion.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Increase students’ interest

Require highly skilled instructors.
Increases students’ acceptance
Requires preparation by the student.
and commitments.
Limits content.
Utilizes student knowledge and
experience. Consumes time.

Results in more permanent learning Restricts the size of groups.

because of the high degree of

student participation.

Demonstration Method
The demonstration method involves showing the students how to do
something rather than just telling them. This method is most effective
when teaching practical skills or hands-on subjects such as science
or engineering.

A method of instruction where the instructor by actually performing

an operation or doing a job shows the students what to do, and how
to do it, and through explanations brings out why, where, and when
it is done.

▪ To teach manipulative operations or procedures.

▪ To teach troubleshooting.
▪ To illustrate principles.
▪ To teach the operation or functioning of equipment.
▪ To teach teamwork.
▪ To set standards of workmanship.
▪ To teach safety procedures.
S/ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

mize damage and waste Require careful preparation and rehearsal

s time Requires special classroom arrangements.

be presented to large groups. Requires tools and equipment.

ble learning evaluation. Requires more instructors.

Project-Based/Assignment-Based Learning

Method
The project-based learning method involves students working on a
project or assignment over an extended period of time. This method
is effective when the goal is to promote creativity, problem-solving,
and collaboration skills.

A method in which the instructor assigns reading to books,

periodicals, projects or research papers or exercises for the practice.

▪ To orient students to a topic prior to classroom or Laboratory

work.
▪ It enhances the ability to research any topic as the student
search for topics from different books, websites, etc.
▪ Active learning
▪ To set the stage for a lecture demonstration or discussion.
 ▪ To provide for or capitalize on individual differences in ability,
background, or experience through differentiated assignments.
▪ To provide for the review of material covered in class or to give
practice.
▪ To provide enrichment material.

USES/ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Require careful planning and

Increase coverage of material.
follow-up.
Reduce classroom time.
Poses an evaluation problem.
Permits individual attention.
Produce non-standard results.

Programmed Instruction Method

▪ A method of self-instruction
▪ To provide remedial instruction.
▪ To provide make-up instruction for late arrivals, absentees, or
translations.
▪ To maintain previously learned skills that are not performed
frequently enough.
▪ To provide retraining on equipment and procedures which
have become obsolete.
 ▪ To upgrade production.
▪ To accelerate capable students.
▪ To provide enough common background among students.
▪ To provide the review and practice of knowledge and skills.

USES/ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Require local or commercial

Reduce failure rate.
preparation.
mproves end-of-course proficiency.
Requires lengthy programmer training.
Saves time.
Increases expenses.
Provides for self-instruction.
Requires considerable lead time.

Few Additional Types of Teaching Methods:

▪ Collaborative Learning Method: The collaborative learning

method involves students working together in groups to solve
problems or complete tasks. This method is effective when the
goal is to promote teamwork, communication, and problem-
solving skills.
 ▪ Inquiry-Based Learning Method: The inquiry-based learning
method involves students exploring a particular topic or
question and developing their understanding through inquiry
and investigation. This method is effective when the goal is to
promote independent thinking, curiosity, and creativity.
▪ Flipped Classroom Method: The flipped classroom method
involves students learning the material at home through videos,
readings, or other resources, and then using class time to apply
what they’ve learned through activities or discussions. This
method is effective when the goal is to promote independent
learning and self-directed study.

Off-line vs. On-line methods

Differences Between Online Learning and Offline

Learning
The main difference between online and offline learning is location.
With offline learning, participants are required to travel to the training
location, typically a lecture hall, college, or classroom. With online
learning, on the other hand, the training can be conducted from
practically anywhere in the world. Participants simply need to log on
to the internet from their home, work or even their local coffee shop.

Another difference is the flexibility offered. Online learning usually has

a more flexible timescale. As a trainer, you can offer your support via
email or through an online chat system. With offline learning, it is
typically carried out between office hours and doesn’t offer as much
flexibility to the learner or the trainer.

What are the benefits of online vs offline

learning?
Although online learning has become the preferred method for the
majority of learners, it’s important not to dismiss the benefits of offline
training too.

With online training courses, you and the course attendees benefit
from a more casual, flexible approach. Being unrestricted in regard
to location and times means every learner can benefit from the
courses.

With offline learning, it’s easier to ensure attendees are paying

attention to the training. Some learners also find it easier to retain the
knowledge and skills they’ve learned through offline training than
they do with online training.

As there are benefits to both learning options, it makes sense to offer

a combined online and offline learning approach as a trainer.

FAQ on Teaching Methodology

What is Teaching Methodology?

Teaching methodology refers to the approach that educators use to
teach their students. It involves the combination of various
techniques, strategies, and activities that aim to improve student
learning outcomes.

What is the best teaching method?

The best teaching method depends on the subject matter, the goals
of the lesson, and the learning styles of the students. Each method
has its strengths and weaknesses, and the most effective teaching
approach often involves a combination of methods.

How do I know which teaching method to use?

Consider the subject matter, the goals of the lesson, and the learning
styles of the students. Experiment with different methods and ask for
feedback from your students to find the most effective teaching
approach.

Can I use multiple teaching methods in one

lesson?
Yes, using multiple teaching methods in one lesson can help to
engage students with different learning styles and promote a deeper
understanding of the material.

What are the Different Teaching Methodologies?

There are several different teaching methodologies, including:
Lecture-Based Teaching
Collaborative Learning
Project-Based Learning
Flipped Classroom
Inquiry-Based Learning
Experiential Learning
Problem-Based Learning

How to Choose the Best Teaching

Methodology?
Choosing the best teaching methodology depends on several
factors, including the learning objectives, the student’s learning style,
the subject matter, and the resources available. Educators should
choose the most appropriate methodology that aligns with their
student’s needs and learning goals.

What is the Importance of Teaching Methodology?

The teaching methodology is essential for effective teaching and
learning. It helps educators to deliver their content in a way that is
engaging, interactive, and meaningful to their students. It also
enables them to personalize their teaching approach to cater to
their student’s individual needs.

What are the Advantages of Using Different

Teaching Methodologies?
Using different teaching methodologies has several advantages,
including:
Enhanced student engagement
Improved student motivation
Increased student participation
Greater retention of information
Improved critical thinking skills
Increased collaboration and teamwork
 What are the Disadvantages of Using Different

Teaching Methodologies?
Using different teaching methodologies also has some
disadvantages, including:
Time-consuming preparation and implementation
Possible resistance from students who prefer traditional teaching
methods
Need for sufficient resources, such as technology and materials
Potential for ineffective implementation if not executed correctly

How Can Teachers Implement Teaching

Methodologies in Their Classrooms?

Teachers can implement teaching methodologies in their classrooms
by following these steps:
Identify the learning objectives and student needs
Choose the most appropriate methodology
Prepare the necessary resources and materials
Implement the methodology effectively
Evaluate the effectiveness of the methodology

What are the Key Elements of Effective Teaching

Methodology?
Effective teaching methodology should include the following key
elements:
1. Clear learning objectives
2. Active student engagement
3. Relevance to real-life situations
4. Appropriate assessment and evaluation methods
5. Opportunities for feedback and reflection

What is the Role of Technology in Teaching

Methodology?
Technology plays a vital role in teaching methodology, allowing
educators to deliver content more effectively and efficiently. It also
enables them to personalize their approach to cater to their
student’s individual needs, provide interactive and engaging
learning experiences, and offer access to a vast range of online
resources and tools.

How to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Teaching

Methodology?
Evaluating the effectiveness of teaching methodology is crucial to
determine whether it is achieving the desired learning outcomes. It
involves collecting data on student performance, engagement, and
satisfaction, and analyzing this data to identify areas for
improvement.

What is the Difference Between Teaching

Methodology and Pedagogy?

Pedagogy refers to the broader concept of teaching and learning,
while teaching methodology is a specific approach to teaching
those educators use to achieve their pedagogical goals. The
teaching methodology is a subset of pedagogy, which also
encompasses other aspects such as curriculum design, assessment,
and evaluation.

What is the Future of Teaching Methodology?

The future of teaching methodology is likely to involve a greater

emphasis on technology-enabled learning, personalized learning
approaches, and student-centered teaching. As technology
continues to evolve, educators will have access to a wider range of
tools and resources to deliver more effective and engaging learning
experiences.

What are Some Common Myths About Teaching

Methodology?
Some common myths about teaching methodology include:
1. There is a one-size-fits-all approach to teaching
2. Technology can replace traditional teaching methods entirely
3. Lecture-based teaching is outdated and ineffective
4. Student-centered teaching is always the most effective approach

Can a single teaching methodology be

effective for all subjects?

No, a single teaching methodology may not be effective for all
subjects, as different subjects require different teaching approaches.
For example, the inquiry-based approach may be more effective for
science and math, while the discussion-based approach may work
better for social studies and literature. Educators should choose the
teaching methodology that aligns with the subject matter and
learning goals.

How important is student feedback in

evaluating teaching methodology

effectiveness?
Student feedback is crucial in evaluating teaching methodology
effectiveness, as it provides insight into what is working and what
needs improvement. Educators should regularly gather feedback
from their students and use it to make changes to their teaching
approach. By incorporating student feedback, educators can
improve learning outcomes and increase student engagement.

How can teachers effectively integrate

technology into their teaching methodology?

Teachers can effectively integrate technology into their teaching
methodology by choosing tools and resources that align with their
teaching goals and students’ needs. For example, they can use
educational apps and online resources to provide engaging and
interactive learning experiences. Teachers should also ensure that
students have access to the necessary technology and receive
adequate training on how to use it.
 What is the role of the teacher in student-

centered teaching methodology?

In student-centered teaching methodology, the role of the teacher
is to facilitate learning and provide guidance and support to
students. Teachers should encourage students to take responsibility
for their learning and provide opportunities for collaboration and
self-directed learning. The teacher’s role is to create a supportive
learning environment that empowers students to take ownership of
their learning and achieve their full potential.

Conclusion

Teaching methodology plays a vital role in delivering effective and

engaging learning experiences for students. By understanding the
different methodologies available and choosing the most
appropriate approach for their students’ needs, educators can
improve learning outcomes and student engagement. By staying
updated on the latest teaching methodologies and techniques,
educators can continue to enhance their teaching practice and
deliver the best possible learning experiences for their students.