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Notes - Lines and Angles

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563 views6 pages

Notes - Lines and Angles

Uploaded by

arunimafunnygirl12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOTES ON LINES AND ANGLES

Basic terms and Definitions

1. Point - A Point is that which has no dimension. It is represented by a dot.

2. Line Segment - It is the part of the line which has two endpoints.

3. Ray - Ray is also a part of the line which has only one endpoint and has no end
on the other side.

4. Line – A line is a one dimensional figure that has no thickness and can be
extended infinitely.

5. Collinear and Non-collinear points – Points lie on the same line are known as
collinear points and the points that don't lie on the same line are known as non-
collinear points.

6. Angles - When two rays begin from the same endpoint then they form an angle.
The two rays are the arms of the angle and the endpoint is the vertex of the angle.
Types of Angles

Angle Notation Image

Acute angle An angle which is between 0°


and 90°.

Right angle An angle which is exactly


equal to 90°.

Obtuse angle An angle which is between 90°


and 180°.

Reflex angle An angle which is between


180° and 360°

Straight An angle which is exactly


angle equal to 180°.

Complete An angle which is exactly


angle equal to 360°.

Complementary angles - Complementary Angles are those which have the sum
of two angles as 90°.

Supplementary angles - Supplementary Angles are those which have the sum of
two angles as 180°.

Relation between two Angles

Angles Relation Image

Adjacent If two angles have the same


Angles vertex and their one of the
arm is common then these
are called adjacent angles.
Linear pair If two angles have the same
of Angles vertex and one common
arm but the arms which are
not common are making a
line then these are called
the linear pair of angles.

Vertically If two lines intersect each


opposite other at a point then the
Angles opposite angles are
vertically opposite angles.

Intersecting Lines and Non-intersecting Lines

There are two ways to draw two lines-

1. The lines which cross each other from a particular point are called intersecting
lines.

2. The lines which never cross each other at any point are called Non-intersecting
Lines. These lines are called Parallel Lines and the common length between two
lines is the distance between parallel lines.

Pairs of Angles Axioms

1. If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of two adjacent angles formed by that ray
is 180°. As the sum of two angles is 180° so these are supplementary angles too.
Vertically opposite Angles

When two lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite

angles so formed will be equal.

AC and BD are intersecting each other

so, ∠AOD = ∠BOC and ∠AOB = DOC.

Parallel Lines and a Transversal

If a line passes through two distinct lines and intersects them

at distant points then this line is called Transversal Line.

Here line “l” is transversal of line m and n.

Exterior Angles - ∠1, ∠2, ∠7 and ∠8

Interior Angles - ∠3, ∠4, ∠5 and ∠6

Pairs of angles formed when a transversal intersects two lines-

1. Corresponding Angles:

∠ 1 and ∠ 5, ∠ 2 and ∠ 6, ∠ 4 and ∠ 8, ∠ 3 and ∠ 7

2. Alternate Interior Angles:

∠ 4 and ∠ 6, ∠ 3 and ∠ 5

3. Alternate Exterior Angles:

∠ 1 and ∠ 7, ∠ 2 and ∠ 8

4. Interior Angles on the same side of the transversal:

∠ 4 and ∠ 5, ∠ 3 and ∠ 6

Transversal Axioms

1. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then

Each pair of corresponding angles will be equal.

Each pair of alternate interior angles will be equal.

Each pair of interior angles on the same side of the

transversal will be supplementary.

2. If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that


• Corresponding angles are equal then

these two lines will be parallel to each other.

• Alternate interior angles are equal then


the two lines will be parallel.
• Interior angles on the same side of the transversal
are supplementary then the two lines will be parallel.

Lines Parallel to the Same Line

If two lines are parallel with a common line then

these two lines will also be parallel to each other.

As in the above figure if AB ∥ CD and EF ∥ CD then AB ∥ EF.

1. Angle Sum property of a Triangle

The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180º.

∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

2. Exterior angle property of a Triangle

If we produce any side of a triangle, then the exterior angle formed is equal to the
sum of the two interior opposite angles.

∠BCD = ∠BAC + ∠ABC


NOT TO BE WRITTEN IN THE NOTEBOOK. ONLY FOR YOUR
UNDERSTANDING

Example

Find ∠DGH.

Solution

Here, AB ∥ CD and EH is transversal.

∠EFB + ∠BFG = 180° (Linear pair)

∠BFG = 180°- 133°

∠BFG = 47°

∠BFG =∠DGH (Corresponding Angles)

∠DGH = 47°

Example

Find x and y.

Solution

Here, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° (Angle sum property)

30°+ 42° + x = 180°

x = 180°- (30° + 42°)

x = 108°

And y is the exterior angle and the two opposite angles are ∠A and ∠B.

So, ∠BCD = ∠A + ∠B (Exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite
angles).

y = 30°+ 42°

y = 72°

We can also find it by linear pair axiom as BC is a ray on the line AD, so

x + y = 180° (linear pair)

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