ContempWorld Reviewer Based Sa PPT Ni Maam
ContempWorld Reviewer Based Sa PPT Ni Maam
- The treaty of Westphalia of 1648 established A civil society within with in a state can also
the notion of the nation-state and the idea of act as counterweight or as a supplement to
state sovereignty. government.
International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Doctors without borders provides free emergency
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea healthcare in disaster area, Oxfam fights famine and
(ITLOS) disease, Amnesty International speaks out for
- UN Higher Commissioner for human rights, the human rights and political prisoners, and save the
human right council, human right treaty bodies. children helps kids get health care and education.
- UN development Group's human right's
mainstreaming mechanism (UNDG-HRM) GLOBAL ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS: THE
WTO AND NAFTA
- International Bill of Human Right
The next group is an economic association –WTO, connected through the internet, modern
it is made up of 162 countries around the world and transportation, and advanced communication
was created with the goal of increasing free trade. technologies. This is to say, therefore, that societies
Countries, therefore, can buy and sell goods from in the world have always been connected, what
another without placing taxes on imports or tariffs. makes the contemporary world different from the
In addition, tariffs are used to protect businesses and past is the type and speed of connection that people
companies inside their country. Though good in and societies experience.
nature, WTO is not without criticism. In fact, a
protest in Seattle at a 1999 WTO conference led to a We can also differentiate globalism and
major not as some said that WTO was more about globalization in terms of its “thickness”
helping large companies and corporations than it (NYE,2002). Globalism is thin. As it becomes
was about helping people. thicker, globalization happens. This means that
being able to connect countries in the world through
Another famous economic organization is NAFTA, a more dynamic and faster way is globalization. Let
this is an economic treaty between the United us take global trade as an example, in the past, silk
States, Canada, and Mexico in which the three road served as the trade routes among countries,
countries trade freely without taxing each other. other products, even illegal ones, were exchanged
NAFTA is not without critics either. Some among traders and consumers. In addition, cultural
American autoworkers protested against NAFTA as interactions among people were made through their
several car companies moved their factories to trades. However, they were felt by a relatively small
Mexico in search for cheaper labor, NAFTA, like group of people, most especially those who were
WTO, represents the challenge in America of actually on the road and did the trades. The
keeping manufacturing factories. connections were not internet nor “thick” in contrast
to the contemporary world, “globalism becomes
GLOBALIZATION, GLOBALISM AND increasingly thick”.
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
If you were a European trader taking the Silk Road
“Globalism,” globalization would be better going to China, if would take you days or weeks to
described as the “increase or decline in the degree sell your products, but today, It would only take a
of globalism” (Nye,2002, p. 1) what then is few seconds or minutes to sell, buy, and exchange
globalism? Globalism refers to the network of products and services with other people even if they
connections that transcends distances of different are a thousand miles away from you. A concrete
countries in the world. In other words, the links example of this is the change in the price of oil
among countries and people are better associated which can happen overnight depending on its price
with globalism while the speed in which they in the world market.
become linked with one another in globalization.
Although Globalism and Globalization are often
If we are to make a stark contrast between understood in terms of the economy.
globalism and globalization by saying that
globalization means connectedness while globalism INFORMATIONALISM
is not, it will lead to confusion that the present is the
only time in which people got connected while in Globalism is tied to the notion of networks. For
the past they were not. But even before the Castells (2000), "networks constitute the
industrial revolution, the world was already fundamental pattern of life, of all kinds of life”. It
connected. Through the conquests of different was previously mentioned that in the present and
empires, such as those of the Romans, many parts of even in the past, the world is connected. The
the world became under one rule. Today, however, difference between globalism and globalization is
the contemporary world is characterized by being the speed and thickness or intensity of connections.
Nevertheless, people are connected with one In addition, the French social theorist Guy DeBord
another whether as a small community or as a large (1994) emphasized in his idea of media spectacle
country. the sophistication and ubiquity of spectacular visual
in televisions. This made TV news a form of
The question now is about the type of connection entertainment. Although content matters in
that exists and begins to increase in the television broadcasts, visual spectacle or
contemporary world. The answer lies on the growth significance is an important element and perhaps the
of Information as the binding force among people, primary key to catch the attention of the audience.
things, and places around the globe.
This technological paradigm, associated with When one mentions online social networking, spam,
computer science and modern telecommunication, and computer viruses, it is the Internet that binds
that replaces industrialism is called them all. The Internet is a mark of the contemporary
informationalism (Castells, 2004). These are world. According to Ritzer (2015), "The Internet
technology, the media, and the Internet. This is not has prompted a flat world thesis; anyone can be
to say that we do not need to produce material involved in it, at least theoretically" Having a
goods such as factories, clothes, and food; rather, computer today in our homes, our schools, our
exchanging information and knowledge, which is workplaces, and accessing the Internet through our
clearly immaterial goods, central in the personal cellphones allow us to be connected with
contemporary world (Hardt & Negri, 2000). the rest of the world.
This is due to the “three of the most cutting-edge We can gain information by accessing different
aspects of the social world in general and websites, such as Facebook and Wikipedia, through
globalization in particular; technology, media and the Internet. In the same manner, the information
the internet. about ourselves that we share is also exposed. In
order to control internet access and use, there are
The answer lies on the growth of information as the mechanisms such as personal passwords or in the
binding force among people, things, and places case of Chinese government, THE GREAT
around the globe. This technological paradigm, FIREWALL.
associated with computer science and modern
telecommunication, that replaces industrialism is GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
called informationalism (Castells, 2004). These are Citizenship is associated with rights and obligations,
technology, the media, and the Internet. for instance, the right to vote and the obligation to
pay taxes. Both rights and obligations link the
The creation of the world's first container ship in Individual to the state. It also has to do with our
1956 and the expansion of airfreight greatly attitudes. We need to be willing to engage and to
hastened the transport of goods all around the spend time and effort to the community of which we
world. feel part of. Community has traditionally been
regarded as something very local. How, then, can
McLuban and Fiore (2005) argued that in the New the idea of citizenship be transferred to the global
Media Age or NETOCRACY, the importance lies in level?
the medium the way in which the message is
transmitted not necessarily in the content presented The so-called bottom billion lacks infrastructures
through the medium. This means that televisions, and has been disenfranchised. The opponents of
radios, and newspapers have been shaping globalization blame either Westernization or global
"Individual subjectivity and culture, not only locally capitalism. Thus, the enemies resist globalization,
but globally" (Ritzer, 2015, p. 143). especially when it comes to global economy and
global governance.
There are three approaches to global economic
resistance. Trade protectionism involves the
systematic government intervention in foreign trade
through tariffs and non-tariff barriers in order to
encourage domestic and deter their foreign
competitors (McAleese, 2007).