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Ch.2.3 Perception

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25 views11 pages

Ch.2.3 Perception

Uploaded by

piyushjay2306
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORGANISATIONAL

BEHAVIOUR
PERCEPTION

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Meaning & Concept
• Perception is a process by which
individuals organize & interpret their
sensory impressions in order to give
meaning to their environment.
• What we perceive can be different from
objective reality.
• Importance of perception in OB – People’s
behavior is based on their perception of
what is, not on reality itself.

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Factors influencing Perception

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Perception Process
1. Stimuli
- External – sound waves, light waves, mechanical energy/
pressure, & so on
- Internal – energy generated by muscles, food passing through the
digestive system & so on
2. Organizing (Receiving Stimuli) – Stimuli are received by us
through the sensory organs.
3. Selective Attention (Selecting Stimuli) –
- External factors – Nature, location, color, size, contrast, movement,
repetition, novelty & familiarity
- Internal factors – Learning, needs, age difference, interest,
paranoid perception
- The process of filtering information received by our sense is called
selective attention.
4. Perceptual Organisation – process by which people
group stimuli into recognizable patterns
5. Interpreting – After data has been received & organized,
the perceiver interprets /assigns meaning to the
organisation.
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6. Response
Person Perception
Attribution Theory –
• Tries to explain the ways in which we judge
people differently, depending on the meaning we
attribute to a given behaviour.
• An attempt to determine whether an individual’s
behaviour is internally/ externally caused.
• Determination depends on factors –
(i) Distinctiveness – refers to whether an
individual displays different behaviors in different
situations.
(ii) Consensus – refers to whether other persons
behave in a similar manner in a similar situation.
(iii) Consistency – refers to whether an individual
behaves in the same manner at other times.
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Person Perception
Attribution Theory –

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Person Perception
Attribution Theory –
• Findings - Errors / biases distort attributions.
• Fundamental attribution error – when we make
judgments about the behavior of other people, we tend
to underestimate the influence of external forces &
overestimate the influence of internal / personal factors.
• Self-serving bias – Individuals & organisations also tend
to attribute their own successes to internal factors such
as ability/ effort, while putting the blame for failure on
external factors such as bad luck/ unproductive
coworkers.

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Frequently used shortcuts for Judging others
1. Selective Perception – The tendency to selectively interpret
what one sees on the basis of one’s interests, background,
experience & attitudes.
- allows us to “speed-read” others, but not without the risk of
drawing inaccurate picture.
2. Halo Effect – The tendency to draw a general impression
about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic
(intelligence, sociability or appearance).
3. Contrast Effects – Evaluation of a person’s characteristics
that is affected by comparisons with other people recently
encountered who rank higher / lower on the same
characteristics.
4. Stereotyping – Judging someone on the basis of one’s
perception of the group to which that person belongs.
- Profiling – A form of stereotyping in which a group of
individuals is singled out – typically on the basis of race/
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ethnicity – for intensive inquiry, scrutiny/ investigation.

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