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To Determine Ignition Property of Potassium Nitrate

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742 views14 pages

To Determine Ignition Property of Potassium Nitrate

Uploaded by

dabphone788
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME:VIGHNESH J.

M
CLASS:XII-F
ROLL NO:12638
KV NO.1, EASTHILL, KOZHIKODE
This is to certify that VIGHNESH.J.M of class
XII-F has successfully completed the research on
the below mentioned project under the guidance
of Mr. Purushothaman . (Subject Teacher)
during the year 2015-16 in partial fulfilment of
chemistry practical.

Signature of external examiner Signature of chemistry teacher


In the accomplishment of this project successfully,
many people have best owned upon me their
blessings and the heart pledged support, this time I
am utilizing to thank all the people who have been
concerned with project.
Primarily I would thank god for being able to
complete this project with success. Then I would like
to thank my principal Mrs. M A Suhara and Chemistry
teacher of Mr. Purushothaman , whose valuable
guidance has been the ones that helped me patch this
project and make it full proof success his suggestions
and his instructions has served as the major
contributor towards the completion of the project.
Then I would like to thank my parents and friends
who have helped me with their valuable suggestions
and guidance has been helpful in various phases of
the completion of the project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my
classmates who have helped me a lot.
1. CERTIFICATE OF EXCELLENCE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM OF PROJECT
4. INTRODUCTION
5. THEORY
6. APPARATUS REQUIRED
7. PROCEDURE FOLLOWED
8. OBSERVATION
9. CONCLUSION
To study the ignition property
of potassium nitrate with sugar
1. BEAKER
2. GLASS RODS
3. BURNER
4. CHINA DISH
5. KNO3
6. SUGAR
7. PVC PIPE
8. PVC CAP
We built and tested rocket engines using
Potassium Nitrate & Sugar. We aim that
Potassium Nitrate & Sugar can be used as rocket
propellant engine for effective performance. The
engines were made completely from PVC
casings. The experiments were carried out via
tests in which the rocket engine was mounted
nozzle-end-down in a test stand, so that when the
engine was ignited it pressed up against
gravitational pull to produce a thrust force to lift
it up.
The following is the chemical equation for the
combustion of Potassium Nitrate and sugar.

5O2 + 4KNO3 + 2C6H4O6 12CO2 + 4H2O + 2N2 + 2K2CO3

Potassium nitrate has a low health rating and is


not flammable at all. It has a rating of three in
instability but that is to be expected since we
want it to be explosive to be able to propel our
engines. It will be contained in small quantities to
minimize the effects of a rare explosion
The safest, cheapest, most reliable, and easiest to
apply system of propulsion is the one in which
only solid fuels are used. In particular, the nitrate
based propellant is very popular. When preparing
a nitrate-based fuel, the components must be
dissolved to ensure thorough mixing and a
uniform texture throughout the fuel. One of the
most efficient nitrate-based propellants is a
mixture of potassium nitrate and sugar,
commonly referred to as "Rocket Candy." This
fuel is commonly used by amateurs. Our rocket
engines are comparable to commercial model
rocket engines.
 Method: Preparing the rocket:
The engine casing was made from a 8-1/4" long
1” Schedule 40 PVC pipe. One end was covered
with an end cap, with the nozzle fixture inside of
it. The length and width of the PVC pipe were
chosen specifically because the diameter of 1” is
small enough to be safe, but still large enough to
work with. If we were to halve the amount of
propellant used by the engine, we would have
two options. The first would be to decrease the
diameter of the PVC pipe so as to maintain the
length of the grain. This would make building the
engine extremely hard, not only because of the
fact that everything is so much smaller, but
because of parts availability issues, such as
finding the correct size washers. Another option
would be to keep the same width, but use a much
shorter PVC pipe. This would dramatically
decrease burn time and thrust, meaning that any
errors in any of the measuring equipment will be
amplified greatly. Approximately 125 grams of
propellant will be used inside of one engine.
 Directions for making the propellant:
1. Ensure that the sugar and KNO3 are grounded
to fine powders. Put them into a container and
shake them.
2. Use a double pan arrangement to melt the
KNO3 and sugar, with canning wax used in the
bottom pan as the heat transfer medium. The
reason for this is that wax does not change
temperature too easily, thus eliminating a quick
spike in temperature which could ignite the
propellant. Throughout the melting process, the
wax will remain steady at 250°F. The mixture is
stirred with a wooden dowel until it is completely
molten and has a homogeneous consistency.
3. The molten mixture will be transferred to a
casting stand made from PVC identical to that of
the actual engine casing and lined with paper.
Within this stand, the propellant will cool and
form a solid block that we can then transfer into
the actual engine.
4. Transfer the molten mixture to the casting
stand by first actually pouring it into the casting
stand straight from the pan, and then by ladling
the rest in using a flexible spatula.
 The rocket goes up with high speed
for short distance

 High flame & smoke produced.

IMAGES:
POTASSIUM NITRATE is an oxidizing
agent.

Sugar can be used as a fuel base with


nitrates.

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