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(Hons.)

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University of Delhi

Syllabus of Semester-III based on UGCF-NEP


Course : B.Com. (Hons.)

DSC 7 : Business Mathematics


Unit 1: Matrices and Determinants
Overview of Matrices. Solution of a system of linear equations (having a unique solution and
involving not more than three variables) using matrix inversion method and Cramer's Rule
Leontief Input Output Model (Open Model Only).

Unit 2: Calculus-I
Concepts and rules of differentiation. Concept of Marginal Analysis: Marginal Revenue,
Marginal Cost. Concept of Elasticity of demand and supply. Application of Maxima and Minima
problems: Revenue, Cost, Profit, Economic Order Quantity, Optimal trade in time.

Unit 3: Calculus-II
Partial Differentiation: Partial derivatives up to second order. Homogeneity of a function and
Euler's theorem. Production Function: Returns to factor, Returns to scale. MRTS and Elasticity
of Substitution. Application of Maxima and Minima problems involving two independent
variables. Integration: Nature of commodities and partial elasticity of demand, Applications of
marginal analysis, Consumer Surplus and Producer Surplus.

Unit 4: Mathematics of Finance


Rates of interest: nominal, effective and their inter-relationships in different compounding
situations. Compounding a sum using different types of rates. Applications relating to
Depreciation of assets and average due date. Types of annuities: ordinary, due, and deferred -
Discrete and continuous. Perpetuity. Determination of future and present values using
different types of rates of interest. Applications relating to Capital Expenditure and Leasing.

Unit 5: Linear Programming


Formulation and Assumptions of LPP, Solution by Simplex Method- maximization and
minimization cases. Shadow prices of the resources. Special Cases: Identification of unique and
multiple optimal solutions, unbounded solution, infeasibility and degeneracy.

Practical Exercises:
The learners are required to:
1. Assess the use of matrices in evaluating competing alternatives.
2. Apply differential calculus to solve hypothetical business problems.
3. Evaluate business problems as an application of linear programming.
4. Gather information about various deposit and loan schemes of banks to find out interest
rate differentials, and compounded value.
5. Gather information about annuity schemes in the investment markets like periodic home
mortgage payments, insurance payments and pension payments, life insurance products as an
annuity.
6. Identify the decision-making variables and assess their functional relationship with other
variables affecting the decision in a hypothetical business and economic situation.
7. Develop programming for hypothetical business problems involving constrained
optimisation.

DSC 8 : Financial Management


Unit 1: Financial Management: An Overview
Nature, scope and objectives of financial management. An overview of time value of money
and risk and return.

Unit 2: Capital Budgeting Decision


The Capital Budgeting Process, Cash Flow Estimation, Different techniques of Capital
budgeting: Payback Period Method, Discounted Payback Period Method, Accounting Rate of
Return, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index.

Unit 3: Cost of Capital and Financing Decision


Cost of Capital: Estimation of components of cost of capital: Method for calculating cost of
equity, Cost of retained Earnings, Cost of Debt, Cost of Preference Capital, Weighted Average
Cost of Capital (WACC) and Incremental (Marginal) Cost of Capital.
Capital Structure: Theories of Capital Structure (Net Income, Net Operating Income, MM
Hypothesis, Traditional Approach). Operating, Financial and Combined Leverage. EBIT-EPS
Analysis. Determinants of Capital Structure.

Unit 4: Dividend Decision


Theories for relevance and irrelevance of dividend decision for corporate valuation-MM
Approach, Walter’s Model, Gordon’s Model. Determinants of Dividend policy.

Unit 5: Working Capital Decision


Concepts of Working Capital, Operating & Cash Cycles, Risk-return Trade off, working capital
estimation, Receivables Management.
Practical Exercises :
1. Compute risk and return of various investment alternatives using excel spreadsheet.
2. Estimate cash flows for a hypothetical Start-up. Using excel, evaluate the project’s
profitability by employing capital budgeting evaluation techniques.
2. Extract data from financial statements of different firms/financial databases and estimate
the cost of capital using appropriate software.
3. Extract historical data and evaluate different dividend policies followed by companies of
specific industries.
4. Estimate working capital requirements for any two companies belonging to different
industries and compare them.

DSC 9 : Principles of Marketing


Unit 1: Introduction to Marketing and Marketing Environment
Introduction to Marketing: Scope and Importance; Core concepts of marketing; Marketing
Philosophies; Services Marketing, Marketing Mix.
Marketing Environment: Need for studying marketing environment; Micro environmental
factors- company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers, competitors, publics; Macro
environmental factors – demographic, economic, natural, technological, politico-legal and
socio- cultural.

Unit 2: Consumer Behaviour and Market Selection


Consumer Behaviour: Need for studying consumer Behaviour; Stages in Consumer buying
decision process; Factors influencing consumer buying decisions.
Market Selection: Choosing market value through STP. Market Segmentation Bases of
segmenting consumer markets. Market Targeting, Product Positioning – concept and bases

Unit 3: Product Decisions and New Product Development


Product Decisions: Concept and classification; Levels of Product. Designing value: Product- mix,
Branding- types, significance, and qualities of good brand name; Packaging and Labeling- types
and functions; Product support services. New Product Development: New product
development process; Product life cycle – concept and marketing strategies.

Unit 4: Pricing Decisions and Distribution Decisions


Pricing Decisions: Objectives, Factors affecting price of a product, Pricing methods, Pricing
strategies.
Distribution Decisions: Delivering Value: Channels of distribution- types and functions;
Wholesaling and retailing; Factors affecting choice of distribution channel; Logistics decisions.
Unit 5: Promotion Decisions and Developments in Marketing
Promotion Decisions: Communicating Value: Communication process; Importance of
Promotion. Promotion-mix tools advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations,
publicity and direct marketing; Integrated Marketing Communication. Developments in
Marketing: Sustainable Marketing- concept and issues. Rural marketing- characteristics and
rural marketing mix. Social marketingconcept and issues. Digital marketing- concepts and tools.

Practical Exercises :
1. Analyse the marketing environment of any firm of your choice.
2. Prepare a marketing mix for a product of your choice to be targeted to a rural market.
3. Select any product and analyse its segmentation strategy in comparison to its immediate
competitive product.
4. Examine the marketing strategies followed by companies to prolong the maturity stage and
defer its decline.
5. Suggest an appropriate distribution strategy of a product of your choice. 6. Draft promotion
mix strategy for a hypothetical e-commerce firm

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