DEFINITION OF FASHION

From the French mode , a fashion is a usage or custom that is in vogue

in a certain region during a certain period. This is a trend adopted by a large part
of society , generally associated with clothing.

Fashion can be defined as a mechanism that regulates

people 's choices since, through a kind of social pressure, it tells people what they
should consume, use or do. Fashion becomes a repetitive habit that identifies a
subject or a group of individuals.
It can be reflected in certain objects or visible aspects (clothing, hairstyles, etc.), but
also in ways of acting and behaviors (listening to a style of music, going to a certain
restaurant, going on vacation to a certain destination).
In general, celebrities are the ones who impose a fashion. If a Hollywood star
shows up at an event in a pink dress, millions of women are likely to want to buy
and wear the same dress. In this way, little by little, the trend that becomes fashion
is built.

Fashion is usually associated with what has to do with clothing and clothing
design. It is common to refer to this sector as the fashion industry, even though
there are few designers capable of imposing a style.

Although joining a fashion is voluntary, people who prefer not to follow these
mandates are, in a certain way, separated from society. Wearing something out of
fashion is frowned upon and may be the subject of criticism or ridicule.

Definition of Fashion
 In its broadest meaning , fashion is a mode, use or custom that is in
vogue for a certain time in a place such as a country .

Meanwhile, marketing , which although it does not yet have a degree of

scientificity, undoubtedly moves multitudes, goes a little further and already treats it as
what it clearly is: a social phenomenon and therefore maintains about fashion that it
is precisely an eternal , universal, concrete and constantly changing phenomenon,
which involves imitation and arouses the interest of a significant number of
people , demonstrating that for fashion to be fashion it must be interested in and
followed by a good number of subjects and not only to one.
There are also some who maintain that fashion is a choice that is made based
on one's personal taste, while, in this case, I would like to raise the first objection,
since without a doubt there are fashions, for example, in In the case of clothing, they
are really horrible and may not suit a certain person and what is even worse, they may
not even satisfy their personal taste, however, they use it for a reason that has
become fashionable and here The worst is coming, what can happen, that if you don't
do it, you may end up isolated or discriminated against by someone or your own group
of belonging . This situation is much more common among children and adolescents ,
who are very attentive and aware of the things that are used and those that are not.
Actually, sometimes it is very sad to see an adult, for example, who in the name of
fashion gets ready with accessories or dresses in clothes that are not in line with their
 age and ends up making a fool of themselves. I think this is the worst side that fashion
has.

Chapter 16
Design

1. Introduction. 2. Designer training. 2.1 The influential environment. 2.2 The designer's teaching and training program. 3.
Design as a craft. 3.1 Projection. 3.1.1 Projection scheme . 4. Fashion design elements. 4.1 FORM & FUNCTION. 4.2 The
market. 4.3 Brand image. 4.4 Fashion trends. 4.5 The historical archive. 5. Creating a collection. 5.1 Plan for creating a
seasonal collection. 6. Final design and entry into production.

5. Creating a collection
A collection is a set of garments intended for a specific season, created
within the fashion parameters that have been previously chosen and that
has internal coherence in terms of formal, functional and style unity.

Ot-Inv Collections 2001 (Photos JAVA, AFP)

5.1 Plan for creating a seasonal collection

1st Title of the collection
This title defines both the season for which this collection is
intended and the signature or seal of its industrial owner (for
example, TYAMAMOTO, AUTUMN - WINTER 2001 ). Such a
definition does not close the design cycle, since it will be related
to the next collection of that year or the previous one. The
spring-summer collection will not contradict the fall-winter
collection.

2nd Selection of fabrics

Depending on the trends for that season, what raw material is
chosen, colorful, plain or printed, which ones and how they will
be coordinated. Likewise, selection of linings and interlinings,
taking care of the compatibility between both materials when
maintaining the garments: that the lining and interlinings meet
the same conservation standards as the chosen fabrics, so that
during the life of the garment it does not deform. due to the
different responses of fabrics to washing, heat, etc.

3rd Definition of the set of garments

Choice of models according to the fabrics we have selected:
suits? coats? skirts? blouses?

4º Design the collection

It is the unique and exclusive part of the designer's work.

For each model, the designer makes two sheets: one artistic
and the other technical.
(Photos JAVA, AFP)
5º Make patterns and prototypes
They are usually made in a standard size and all models in that
size, so you can try them on.

6º The sample book

From the entire collection of models created, it is up to the
product manager to choose those models that will make up the
sample of that collection or that will go on the catwalk.

7º Selection of models for sales

Selection that may consist of the formation of several samples,
depending on the characteristics of each client.

The artistic file includes one or more figurines or The technical sheet must contain, at least :
drawings of the model and, at least, one of them front and back views
in motion. The figurines must give enough idea seams (with their explanation: simple, open,
about the complete garment or set of garments loaded)
that dress the figurine; idea about color, shapes topstitching (idem: single, double, triple, double
(volumes, fall, structuring, silhouette) and certain distance)
intangible aspects, such as lightness or heaviness, width measurements of the parts (lapel, cuff)
harmony or surprise, youth or maturity, humor or position of pockets, decorations, etc.
seriousness, etc. sewn thread to match or contrast, what thickness
The technical sheet is the technical diagram of the of thread
model, with graphic information (sketches, zipper assembly , where, visible or hidden,
drawings) and literal information (notations, metallic or matching, etc.
measurements, etc.).

In addition, it must accompany the technical sheet : a fabric sample, a sample of linings or a reference to
them, the reference of interlinings, reference of buttons (and size, number of lines, color) and all supplies
or haberdashery must be referenced.

6. Final design and entry into production

The pattern maker needs to find in the design of the garment a complete definition of what it should be, the
dimensions it should have, location of the cuts on the front and back, type of sleeve, collar, pockets, wallets,
flaps. , shoulder pad, belt, length, etc.; all the technical details that are necessary to make that model; Such
indications are given by the fact that the pattern maker in turn needs a minimum of consultations with the
designer and the rest of the participants in the creation of the model.
There are clothing lines that have been established at the beginning of a season and will be constant for all
models of that season; There may also be customs established as definitive in the brand, the fashion line
carried by that house; This avoids being repetitive of many details in the technical design notes. But anything
that clarifies a garment model or differentiates it from other models, must reach the pattern maker's table
accompanying the design of each model. If not, and even assuming that this lack of data or clarity in the data
does not lead to errors, it will at least lead to delays in pattern making.
 Collection (fashion)
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Models presenting a collection

A fashion collection is a set of garments created by a designer with internal coherence

in terms of style and intended for a specific season of the year.

Generally, designers usually create two annual collections, the Autumn - Winter
collection oriented towards these seasons of the year and including thick fabrics and
outerwear and the Spring - Summer collection with garments for this season of the year,
often including swimwear. . The collections can also be distinguished by:

 The target audience: Men, Women, Children, etc.

 The occasion of use of the garments: Bathroom collection, Wedding collection,
etc.

The collections are presented to clients in sample books or on real mannequins at model
shows or showrooms in order to promote them for sale.

[ edit ] Creating a collection

The phases followed in creating a collection are the following:
  First of all, it begins with the designer's definition of the style or concept that
will give coherence to the collection. The collection can be inspired by multiple
places, eras, situations, women's styles, etc. Often, the collection is given a name
related to the designer or style chosen.
 Next, we proceed to select the fabrics with which the garments will be made.
These include fabrics, plain or printed fabrics, taking into account the
coordination between them. The interior linings and interlinings are also chosen,
as well as other aesthetic parts that make up the garment: buttons , laces,
zippers , etc.
 The designer defines all the garments that will make up the collection and their
combination, including their accessories: shoes , belts , bags , glasses, etc.
 The collection is defined. Artistic sheets are created that include images of
mannequins using the garments from the collection. In them, you can see their
colors and shapes and other characteristics such as the flight, the heaviness or
lightness of the garment, etc.
 Then, the patterns for the entire collection are made in the same size so that they
can be tried on by the same model.
 The patterns are cut to create the sample book, which consists of a copy of each
of the garments that comprise it in order to show it to potential clients. Along
with the garment sample, the color sample is created.
 Finally, the garments are presented to buyers in individual meetings or at public
events such as model shows.

Ready-to-wear
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For other uses of this term, see Ready-to-wear (disambiguation) .
This article or section needs references that appear in an accredited publication , such as
specialized magazines, monographs, daily press or reliable Internet pages.
You can add them like this or notify the main author of the article on their discussion page
by pasting: {{subst:Notice of references|Prêt-à-porter}} ~~~~
Celebrities wearing ready-to-wear fashion (on the right, Bianca Jagger).

Prêt-à-porter is a French expression that literally means " Ready to wear ." It refers to
mass-produced fashion garments with patterns that are repeated based on demand; It is
therefore the fashion that (with different qualities and prices) is seen on the street every
day. Even so, there is also luxury ready-to-wear produced by numerous prestigious
brands, such as Yves Saint Laurent and Chanel . It is inevitable to contrast this term
with that of Haute Couture , clothing made to measure by great couturiers , and, quite
often, of exclusive design.

[ edit ] Birth of Prêt-à-porter

In the sixties there was a great revolution in fashion internationally. Haute Couture,
without ever disappearing, was gradually displaced by ready-to-wear . A period of
democratization began with great repercussions from a social point of view; Garments
began to be manufactured on a large scale, and well-made designer clothing reached
other social strata.

Many of the big names in Haute Couture joined this new trend in order to maintain their
houses, and some of them even chose to open boutiques where this other line was
marketed parallel to their most pampered creations. The first case was that of Yves
Saint Laurent . However, it was only a matter of time before all the big salons said
goodbye to their best clients. The excessive amount of taxes related to luxury and other
fiscal reasons accelerated the closure of most of these houses.

The phenomenon of the distinctive and the brand, the hallmark of young designers,
spread like wildfire. With those young creators, now names of fashion such as Jesús del
Pozo , Adolfo Domínguez , Purificación García , Sybila , Antonio Miró , Francis
Montesinos , Roberto Verino , Pedro Morago , Pedro del Hierro , David Valls , and a
long etcetera, It opened a path of reference for the new promises that began to emerge in
the nineties.
The way of presenting the collections also underwent a profound transformation. From
the charming and intimate rooms, we moved on to massive gatherings with great social
impact. In the past, each house set its presentation day, invitations were sent and the
event was published in the press. For approximately twenty years, both the Gaudí
Footbridge (Barcelona, now converted into the Barcelona Footbridge) and the Cibeles
Footbridge (Madrid), the highest doses of activity have been concentrated in eight days.

The role of the media has also been essential in this aspect, since both newspapers and
the specialized press and, above all, television became the most immediate channel of
dissemination.

Obtained from « http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prêt-à-

porter&oldid=58497896 »
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Haute couture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with Haute Couture (film) .
Pierre Balmain adjusting a dress on model Ruth Ford in 1947 (photograph by Carl Van
Vechten ).

Haute couture design on the catwalk , by Christian Lacroix .

Haute Couture ( Haute Couture in French) or High Fashion (in Italian) refers to the
creation of clothing tailored to each client. These are generally outfits made from high-
quality, high-priced fabric , sewn with attention to detail and finish. Sometimes it can
also be considered a type of fine art, at the same level as sculpture , painting , music ,
etc. 1
Originally the term referred to the work that Charles Frederick Worth produced in Paris
in the mid -19th century . In modern France haute couture is a protected name that can
only be used by firms that meet certain well-defined standards. However, the term is
used informally to describe other fashion brands that make custom-made clothing for
the customer, regardless of whether they are not produced in Paris , as is the case with
brands based in Milan , London , Rome , New York and Tokyo .

The term can function as:

 Adjective: for fashion houses or fashion designers who create exclusive

fashions.
 Noun: the fashion created by said houses.

[ edit ] Legal definition

In France , the term haute couture is protected by law and is defined by the Chambre de
commerce et d'industrie de Paris based in Paris . Its rules stipulate that only those
companies mentioned in the annual list of a commission based at the Ministry of
Industry can use the term haute couture to describe themselves. The criteria to make up
this list was established in 1945 and updated in 1992. To earn the right to call
themselves a haute couture house and to use the term haute couture both in their
advertising and in any other environment, members of the Chambre syndicale de la
haute couture must follow the following rules: 2

 Design custom-made clothing for private clients.

 Designers can only sell one design of each garment in the collection per
continent.
 Have a workshop ( atelier ) in Paris with at least 20 full-time artisans.
 Present each season (twice a year: for spring-summer and for autumn-winter )
before the press in Paris, a collection of at least 35 designs for day and night use.

[ edit ] Members of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture

Honorary President: Jacques Mouclier. President of the Chambre syndicale du prêt-à-

porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode: Guillaume de Seynes (HERMES Fashion
House) Vice-President of the chambre syndicale du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des
créateurs de mode: Nathalie Rykiel (SONIA RYKIEL Fashion House) and Ralph
Toledano ( Chloé Fashion House)

Honorary President of the Chambre syndicale de la mode masculine: Pierre Cardin

President of the Chambre syndicale de la mode masculine: Patrick Thomas (HERMES
Fashion House) Vice-President of the Chambre syndicale de la mode masculine:
Christophe Caillaud (JEAN PAUL GAULTIER Fashion House).

The three fashion chambers together have approximately 100 members.

The fashion houses listed to show their Haute Couture collection for the "spring-
summer 2009" season were: 3

Official members Correspondent Guest members Accessories

 members (foreign)
Adeline André Martin Margiela On Aura Tout Vu
Anne Valérie Hash Elie Saab Adam Jones
Chanel Giorgio Armani Alexis Mabille
Christian Dior Valentino Boudicca
Christian Lacroix Cathy Pill
Dominique Sirop Christophe Josse
Franck Sorbier Felipe Oliveira
Givenchy Baptista
Jean Paul Gaultier Gustavo Lins
Maurizio Galante Jean-Paul Knott
Stephane Rolland Joseph Font
Lefranc.Ferrant
Marc Le Bihan
Richard Rene
Udo Edling

For the "spring-summer 2008" season, guest members included Eymeric François ,
Gérald Watelet , Nicolas Le Cauchois and On aura tout vu 4 For the Fall-Winter 2008-
2009 season, Emanuel Ungaro was listed as an official member and WU YONG 5 as a
guest member. 6

Old members

Atelier Versace Jean Patou Nina Ricci

Elsa Schiaparelli Jean-Louis Scherrer Paco Rabanne
Emilio Pucci lanvin Pierre Balmain
Chado Ralph Rucci Loris Azzaro Pierre Cardin
Erica Spitulski Louis Feraud Ralph Rucci
Erik Tenorio Mainbocher Torrent
Fred Sethal Marcel Rochas Yves Saint Laurent
Guy Laroche Gai Mattiolo
Hanae Mori Anna May

Rhythm

Certainly the rhythm in the plastic arts is determined by a movement created by the
artist through the combination of lines, color and value. In sculpture and architecture,
rhythm is given by the use of space and volume, this quality has evolved in these artistic
manifestations. Before they were rigid, flat and gave the sensation of heaviness, today
both the materials and the technique allow us to see harmony and movement in the
works. There is a variety of rhythms, these are repetition, alternation, symmetry and
radiation.

Rhythm per repetition:

It is the simplest. It consists of repeating the same motif indefinitely in a certain
direction, always preserving its size, shape and distance. The image on the right side is
an example of this type, it specifies the indicated characteristics. The cube is repeated
several times in the same way, retaining its size, shape and distance from one another.
Rhythm by alternation
To enrich the rhythm by repetition, two or more different elements can be used that
alternate in the same order and direction so that they form a contrast. This type of
rhythm is known as alternation, it is more varied and is very interesting in the
decoration of cards, works, posters, billboards and others, as long as the motifs used are
not abused.