NORTH-WEST UNIVERSITY

YUNIBESITI YA BOKONE-BOPHIRIMA
NOORDWES-UNIVERSITEIT
MAFIKENG CAMPUS

EXAMINATION OFFICE

EXAMINATION 2nd Opportunity JUNE 2011

FACULTY Human and Social Sciences

DEPARTMENT Psychology

COURSE TITLE Human Development in Socio-Cultural Context

COLIRSE CODE Psyc 211

TIME 3 Hour

MARKS 100

1st Examiner P.Erasmus

2 nd Examiner L. Stanton

Instruction to Candidates

Section A: Answer all the questions

Section B: Answer all the questions

Section C: Answer only ONE of the questions

CANDIDATES ARE NOT ALLOWED TO READ THE QUESTIONS UNTIL THEY

ARE TOLD TO DO SO BY THE CHIEF INVIGILATOR
 1. The major contributor to self·esteem is
A. self-denial.
B. social support from parents, peers, and teachers.
C. coordination of personal and social demands.
D. physical appearance.

2. A child with low self-esteem would

A. accept criticism.
S. challenge people in authority.
C. cope with obstacles.
D. worry about doing the right thing.

3. A child caring for him- or herself at home without adult supervision is

engaged in
A. self·control.
B. self-care.
C. self-esteem.
D. self-discipline.

4. Research has provided considerable evidence that children do better when

raised in families with two biological parents or two parents who adopted the
child in infancy. This type of family is a family.
A. nontraditional
B. traditional
C. blended
D. reconstituted

5. Which of the following is NOT a common reaction of children of divorce?

A. guilt over something they might have done to cause the divorce
B. anger at the parents
C. happiness that the parents' fighting is over
D. fear about the future

6. The main determinant of the success of jOint custody is

A. the time apart by the child with each parent.
B. the amount of conflict between the parents.
C. the financial arrangement made for the child.
D. the personality of the child.

7. According to one study, girls value which aspect of friendships?

A. depth
S. number of friends
C. depth and number equally
D. duration

8. The long-term influence of televised violence is greatest in

A. early childhood.
B. middle childhood.
C. early adolescence.
D. later adolescence .

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 9. Jeremy is picked on and bullied by his classmates on a daily basis. Jeremy
probably demonstrates the characteristic of
A defenselessness.
B. popularity.
C. uncontrolled aggression.
D. high self-esteem.

10. If a school-age child shows evidence of temper tantrums,

argumentativeness, hostility, or deliberately annoying behavior it is called
A oppositional defiant disorder.
S. conduct disorder.
C. hyperactivity disorder.
D. unsocial disorder.

11. Mary Beth, age 10, finds excuses not to sleep overnight at her friends'
homes and shows no interest in going back to camp this summer. When she
went on a weekend trip with her school chorus, she became nauseated and
had to come home. This sort of thing has been going on for several weeks,
ever since her pet cat died. Mary Beth
A may be suffering from separation anxiety disorder.
B. is regressing to infantile separation anxiety.
C. is probably just feeling sorry for herself and should not be indulged.
D. is almost certain to "get over it" within a month or so.

12. There are children in the classroom who worry about just about everything:
grades, being on time, threats of war, tornados, etc. These children may suffer
from
A social phobia.
B. school phobia.
C. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D. generalized anxiety disorder.

13. The process that leads to sexual maturity is

A. puberty.
B. puberty rites.
C. adolescence.
D. the secular trend.

14. The precise time when puberty begins seems to depend on

A the neurological program in the brain.
B. reaching a critical weight level.
C. the age of the person.
D. the personality of the person.

15. Primary sex characteristics are

A body parts directly related to reproduction.
S. pubic, facial, axillary, and body hair.
C. frequently the cause of pimples, blackheads, and acne.
D. the cause of the voice change .

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16. Menarche, or the first menstruation,
A. occurs at the beginning of puberty.
B. accompanies the onset of the adolescent growth spurt.
C. is a sign of sexual maturity.
D. signals a sexual disorder.

17. To be in sync with their brain's natural clock, or circadian rhythms, most
adolescents need to
A. go to bed late and get up late.
B. go to bed late and get up early.
C. go to bed early and get up early.
D. go to bed early and get up late.

18. Overweight teenagers are at heightened risk for

A. hypertension.
B. diabetes.
C. high cholesterol.
D. All of these.

19. All of the following are strong factors in getting adolescents to start
smoking EXCEPT
A. peer pressure.
B. early experience with tobacco.
C. family influence.
D. the taste of tobacco.

20. All of the following are strong factors in getting adolescents to start
smoking EXCEPT
A. peer pressure.
B. early experience with tobacco.
C. family influence.
D. the taste of tobacco.

21. Ron has internalized the moral standards of his parents and grandparents.
He is concerned with being considered a good son and maintaining the social
order. According to Kohlberg, Ron is in the stage of the
A. morality of conventional role conformity.
B. morality of autonomous moral principles.
C. preconventional morality.
D. authoritarian morality.

22. According to Erikson, adolescents are in the crisis of

A. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
S. industry versus inferiority.
C. identity versus identity confusion.
D. intimacy versus isolation.
 23. Erikson holds that adolescence provides a psychosocial moratorium, or
"time out" period, which
A. allows adolescents to regress into childishness.
B. allows adolescents time to search for commitment.
c. often adds identity confusion.
D. can precipitate an identity crisis.

24. Ashley believes that abortion is wrong because her parents, friends, and
church say so. She has never really thought about the issue but has simply
accepted this view as her own. According to Marcia, what is her identity
status?
A. achievement
B. foreclosure
C. identity diffusion
D. moratorium

25. Programs that encourage abstinence but also discuss STD prevention and
safer sexual practices have been foundto sexual initiation.
A. stop
B. increase
C. delay
D. have no effect on

26. Programs that encourage abstinence but also discuss STD prevention and
safer sexual practices have been found to sexual initiation.
A. stop
B. increase
C. delay
D. have no effect on

27. Adolescents begin to rely on friends more than parents for their
A. intimacy and economics.
B. intimacy and support.
C. support and economics.
D. None of these.

28. In her early research studying differences between men's and women's
perspectives on moral issues, Gilligan concluded that
A. women are morally superior to men.
B. women tend to think of morality in terms of responsibilities to specific people.
C. women tend to think of morality in terms of abstract rights, justice, and fairness.
D. although men and women think differently about morality, they go through the
same sequence of moral development.

29. Adults who reach Kohlberg's seventh, or highest level of moral reasoning,
tend to ask themselves,
A. "How do I help my children to be moral?"
B. "What moral errors have I made in the past?"
C. "How can I achieve moral perfection?"
D. "Why should people be moral in the first place?"

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 30. Which of the following is a component of high emotional intelligence?
A. a low level of sensitivity to others' feelings
B. a strong degree of self-awareness
C. a strong need for immediate gratification
D. a lack of self-control

SECTION B - Answer all the questions.

1. Name 5 emotional disorders that may develop in childhood treatment techniques
that are used to treat these disorders. (20)

2. Resilient children are better able than others to withstand stress. Discuss this
statement with special reference to the characteristics of resilient children and
adolescents (10)

SECTION C
Answer anyone of the following questions
1. The search for identity comes into focus during the adolescent years. Discuss
the adolescent's sexual orientation and identity (40)

2. Discuss the physical development in the emerging and young adulthood. (40)

3. Most people like love stories, including their own! Discuss consensual
relationships and how they fare in middle age (40)

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 NORTH·WEST UNIVERSITY
YUNIBESITI YA BOKONE-BOPHIRIMA
NOORDWES·UNIVERSITEIT
MAFIKENG CAMPUS
EXAMINATION OFFICE

EXAMINATION 1ST Opportunity JUNE 2011

FACULTY Human and Social Sciences

DEPARTMENT Psychology

COURSE TITLE Human Development in Socio-Cultural Context

COURSE CODE Psyc 211

TIME 3 Hour

MARKS 100

1st Examiner P.Erasmus

2nd Examiner L. Stanton

Instruction to Candidates

Section A: Answer all the questions

Section B: Answer all the questions
Section C: Answer only ONE of the questions

CANDIDATES ARE NOT ALLOWED TO READ THE QUESTIONS UNTIL THEY ARE
TOLD TO DO SO BYTHE CHIEF INVIGILATOR

• •
 1. An important maturational change seen in the brain of school-age children in
certain regions of the cerebral cortex is
A. less density of gray matter.
S. increased density of gray matter.
C. no change in density of gray matter.
D. decrease in white matter.

2. Competitive sports and games often begin for children following

A. pressure from others.
B. criticism of children's skills.
C. learning the rules.
D. rough-and-tumble play.

3. Dave is a very overweight child. Which of the following is TRUE about Dave?
A. He probably watches more television than other children.
B. He is likely to outgrow his obesity.
C. He is not likely to be helped by treatment.
D. He is not teased by peers.

4. During middle childhood, medical conditions are common and

medical conditions are rare.
-----
A. acute; chronic
B. gastrointestinal; upper respiratory
C. noninfectious; infectious
D. chronic; debilitative

5. The severity of approximately 88 percent of bicycling injuries can be reduced

dramatically by
A. riding only on the street.
B. using safety-approved helmets.
C. using a light while riding at night.
D. riding a bicycle with smaller tires.

6. A child who can think logically about the "here and now" but not abstractly is
in which of Piaget's stages?
A. sensorimotor
S. preoperational
C. concrete operational
D. formal operational

7. Repetition of information to be held in memory is called

A. organization.
B. elaboration.
C. rehearsal.
D. encoding.

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 8. Billy's mother has sent him to the store to buy eggs, bread, and milk. To
remember these items, Billy repeats their names. He is using to help
remember the items.
A. rehearsal
S. redundancy
C. iteration
D. elaboration

9. Intelligence tests used in middle childhood are

A. good predictors of achievement in school, especially for verbal children.
B. indicators of learning disabilities.
C. very accurate.
D. not timed.

10. IQ tests focus almost entirely on abilities that are useful at

A. home.
S. school.
C. work.
D. play.

11. A child who sounds out a word by translating it from print to speech is
A. decoding.
B. encoding.
C. long-coding.
D. short-coding.

12. The skills involved in developing metacognition include all of the following
strategies EXCEPT
A. thinking of examples.
B. visualizing relationships.
C. summarizing.
D. improving spelling.

13. Which parenting style seems to promote high-achieving children?

A. authoritarian
B. permissive
C. authoritative
D. obligatory

14. Jon has dyslexia. This means that he has a problem

A. that is due to mental retardation.
B. that requires medication.
C. with large-muscle coordination.
D. with learning to read.

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 15. Carina has been placed in a school program for gifted children. She was
probably selected because she
A. has a high 10.
B. is a creative thinker.
C. is an independent learner.
D. has musical talent.

16. Which is NOT a common method of acceleration of instruction for the gifted?
A. skipping a grade
B. placement in fast-paced classes
C. taking advanced courses
D. going to another school

17. Brad knows that he sometimes loses his temper and gets angry at his friends.
What aspect of self-definition is he developing?
A. an ideal self
B. a real self
C. self-regulation
D. self-awareness

18. Angela thinks it is important to be pretty and smart, and knows that she is
both. She also values her popularity at the high school. However, Angela's self­
esteem is likely to suffer if
A. her physical appearance begins to change.
B. she has trouble in any of her classes.
C. she does not feel valued by the important people in her life.
D. she has trouble in athletics.

19. A child with high self-esteem would

A. accept decisions of parents and teachers without challenge.
B. usually disregard the feelings of others.
C. volunteer to help someone else.
D. try hard to please everyone.

20. Erikson's developmental crisis of middle childhood (from about 6 to 12 years)

is
A. trust versus mistrust.
B. autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C. industry versus inferiority.
D. identity versus role confusion.

21. Douglas lives in a home where everyone is expected to get along. No fighting
or disagreeable behavior is tolerated. If his parents show disapproval of his
negative behavior, Douglas is likely to
A. cease to feel negative emotions.
B. have problems in his sibling relationships.

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· .
C. experience an impairment in his social adjustment.
D. have heightened well-being and social adjustment.

22. As children approach adolescence, how well parents _____ may be

more important than whether a mother works outside the home.
A. provide for them
B. communicate with them
C. keep track of them
D. support their activities

23. Children living in persistent poverty have demonstrated in research that they
A. have low self-esteem.
B. do not get along well with peers.
C. have behavior problems.
D. achieve well in school.

24. Which of the following factors is NOT usually mentioned in discussions about
what influences a child's adjustment to divorce?
A. the child's age or maturity level
B. whether the child has a healthy sense of self
C. each particular child's temperament
D. the child's psychological adjustment before the divorce

25. Which of the following statements regarding children raised by gay or lesbian
parents is TRUE?
A. The children tend to have positive relationships with their parents.
B. Daughters of lesbian parents are more likely to be homosexual than daughters of
heterosexual parents.
C. Sons of gay parents are more likely to be homosexual than sons of heterosexual
parents.
D. Children of homosexual parents tend to be more intelligent than children of
heterosexual parents.

26. The most common type of emotional disturbance found during the
elementary·school years is
A. neurotic disorders.
B. disruptive conduct disorders.
C. schizophrenia.
D. somatization.

27. Extreme fear and/or avoidance of social situations is known as

A. school phobia.
B. depression.
C. social phobia.
D. anxiety.

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28. Nocturnal emission is

A. also called a wet dream.
B. common in adolescent girls.
C. a signal of a sexual disorder.
D. found only in sexually active males.

29. The most common eating disorder is

A. anorexia.
B. obesity.
C. bulimia.
D. addiction to junk food.

30. When adolescents die, it is usually from which of the following?

A. cancer
B. accidents
C. homicide
D. suicide

SECTION 8 - Answer all the questions.

1. Name 5 emotional disorders that may develop in childhood and the treatment
techniques that are used to treat these disorders. (20)

2. Resilient children are better able than others to withstand stress. Discuss this
statement with special reference to protective factors. (10)

SECTION C
Answer any....Q!l! of the following questions
1. The search for identity comes into focus during the adolescent years. Discuss the
adolescent's search for identity. (40)

2. Discuss the physical development in the emerging and young adulthood. (40)

3. Most people like love stories, including their own! Identify the three components of
love according to Sternberg and discuss the Patterns of Loving in detail. (40)