and Petroleum

5. Coal

New Terms nature. e.g. - air, water, soil, minerals

which are obtained from
1. Natural resources: Things
Inexhaustible natural resource-(renewable) Resources which are present in unlimited
a.
quantity in nature and are not likely to get exhausted by human activities. e.g. - water,

wind, sunlight, etc. presons .

resource: (Non-renewable) Resources which are
b. Exhaustible natural get exhausted over certain period of time.
are likely to
limited quantity in nature and
minerals,wildlife.
e.g. - coal. naturalgas, forest,
produce heat are called fuels.
2. Fuels: Substances which burn to
Fuels formed from dead remains of living organisms. e.g.- Coal, petroleum and
3. Fossil fuels:
natural gas also
Carbonization is aslow process of conversion of WOod into coal. It is
4. Carbonization:
called anaerobic thermal degradation of wood.
absence of oxygen at 1000°C.
5. Destructive distillation: Heating of coal in
age: The period during which the process of coal formationtook place
6. Carboniferous
black thick liquid material obtained during the destructive distillation of coal
7. Coal tar: The
(components) of petroleum
8. Refining:The process of separating the fractions
oil: (black gold) Petroleum as it occurs in nature cannot be used for any useful purpose
9. Crude components by refining it is called crude
its importance in production of different
because of
oil(oil of rocks).
Components with different boiling points which are obtained during fractional
10. Fractions:
distillation

ASSIGNMENT

1. Choose the correct answer.

1. Purest form of carbon is
b. charcoal C. coke d. petrol
a. coal

2. Refining of petroleum is done in a b. distillation column

a. fractionating column
d. reserving column
C. separating column
the sea is called
3. The fossil fuel formed from the dead organisms present in d. charcoal
a. coal b. petroleum C. Wood

4. is the substance that is used to make candles and ointment.

d. paraffin wax
a. bitumen b. coal tar c. lubricating oil
Class -VIlI, Science 24
 S. Which of these isused in dry cleaning of clothes?
a. Petrol b. Diesel C. CNG d. LPG
6. Name of the petroleum product used for
surfacing of roads now-a-days.
a. Coal Tar b. Coke C. Bitumen d. Petrol
7, Name the proess of conversion of wood into coal.
a. distillation b. carbonization C. filtration d. separation
2. Answer the following one mark questions.
1. What is meant by fractional distillation?

2. What is the principle based onwhich components of

petroleum were discovered?
3. Why is a smelling agent added to L.P.G.? What is its name?

4. Write the full form of CNG and LPG.

5. Categorize the following as natural and man-made material:

a. wood b. coal c. kerosene d. petroleum e. cow-dung f. coke g. charcoal

6. Which fossil fuel is used for the manufacture of steel and why?

7. Which fossil fuel isprocessed to get products as coke, coal tar and coal gas?

3. Answer the following three mark questions.

1.
a. Name some places in India where natural gas has been found.
b. Give two advantages of judicious use of energy.
2. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable fuels on the basis of availability and
effects of human activities.
3
What is the full form of PCRA? Mention the guide lines given by PCRA to conserve petrol and
diesel.
4.
Assertion and Reasoning
1. Assertion (A): Coal, Petroleum and Natural gas are called fossil fuels.
Reason (R): Coal, Petroleum and Natural gas are made of dead remains of plants and animals.
a. A is correct and R is correct explanation for A.
b. Aiscorrect but Ris not the correct
C.
explanation for A.
A
is correct R 0S wrong.
d. Ais wrong Ris correct.
Class -VIlI, Science
25
 water.
2. Assertion (A): Petroleum is soluble in
of hydrocarbons.
Reason(R): Petroleum is a complex mixture
explanation for A.
a. Ais correct and Ris correct
explanation for A.
b. Aiscorrect but Ris not the correct
C. Ais correct Riswrong.
d. Aiswrong Ris correct.
5. Case Study
Accordingto PCRAit is advisable toswitch offthe engine at red lightor at places where you haves.
wait and also to drive vehicles at a constant speed. After knowing this, Ram started
this advice whenever he drives.
a. Why is it advisable to switch off the engine at red light?
implementing
b. How can youcontribute towards saving these fuels at your level?
C.
What is the need of conservation of such types of fuels?
HOTS
1. In petroleum and natural gas deposit diagram given below, why can you see the layer of
petroleum and natural gas above the layer of water?
Wells

Amfervous
póck
Gas
Ofl

Eeservotr
rock
Water

2. Neetagoes to a
or aCNG. Whichshowroom
to purchase a car.
car should she purchase andShewhy?t
is confused whether to
purchase a petrol Car
3. 'A' is a fuel which is used in
vehicles but pollutes
fossil fuel but does not pollute the environment. Can
of'B' other than that it is used as a fuel in
environment.'
you B'is a fuel which is obtained
name'A' and'B'? Mention two Uses
vehicle.

Class -VIlI, Science

26