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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL LOTION FOR ANTIMICROBIAL

ACTIVITY

Article · April 2022

DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20225-22044

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 WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Shreyasi et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
SJIF Impact Factor 7.632

Volume 11, Issue 5, 1907-1913 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL LOTION FOR

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Shreyasi*, Shailesh Sharma, Hansraj Bishnoi and Manmohan Sharma

School of Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Dr K. N. Modi University,

Newai, Tonk, Rajasthan.

ABSTRACT
Article Received on
10 March 2022, The main aim of this research work is to prepare the herbal lotion
Revised on 30 March 2022, using two herbs Neem and Amla the prepared herbal lotion are
Accepted on 20 April 2022
DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20225-22044 evaluated for the efficacy. The herb used in the preparations (F1 and
F2) are Azadirechta indica leaves powder and dried fruits of
Phyllanthus emblica and formulated by W/O emulsion method and
*Corresponding Author
Shreyasi evaluated through different parameters. The lotion formulation have no
School of Pharmaceutical redness, edema, inflammation and irritation during sensitivity test
Studies, Faculty of Health indication that it is safe to use and stability studies of the lotion showed
Sciences, Dr K. N. Modi
that the lotion was stable after up to three months. The study showed
University, Newai, Tonk,
that the lotion containing equal concentrations of the two ethanolic
Rajasthan.
extracts have high potentials as topical antimicrobial agents especially
against infections due to the tested gram negative bacteria Escherchia coli.

KEYWORD: Herbal, Lotion, Antimicrobial, Polyherbal.

INTRODUCTION
Herbal medicine is still the mainstay of about 75 - 80% of the world population, mainly in the
developing countries, for primary health care.[1] This is primarily because of the general
belief that herbal drugs are without any side effects besides being cheap and locally available
and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of herbal remedies
throughout the world exceeds that of the conventional drugs by two to three times.[2] The
plants possess a wide range of bioactive constituents, which make them potential sources of
antimicrobial agents and other kinds of medicines. In which we are focus and formulation
development of Azadirachta indica (Neem) tree which belongs to the family Meliaceae is an
evergreen tree geographical sources are mostly tropical countries. The rate of infections due

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Shreyasi et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

to microbial agents is on the increase and has become a significant health problem in many
underdeveloped, undeveloped and developing countries and areas with high humidity and
poor hygienic conditions. The preformulation studies of drug powder have to be done and
formulation of these extracts with antimicrobial activities into forms of lotion with suitable
excipients is developed by W/O emulsion method and desirable in order to improve its
stability, cosmetically acceptability, antimicrobial activities with others for topical
application.[3] This herbal herbal lotion consists of various crude drugs A. indica (Azadirechta
indica family-meliaceae), Turmeric (Curcuma longa, family- Zingeberaceae) and Amla
(Phyllanthus emblica, family- Phyllanthaceae). A Lotion is a preparation used for the
application to the topical and also applied to the mucus membrane such as vagina, rectum.
The lotion may be considered as pharmaceutical products in variety of skin conditions.[4]

Objective
The objective of this research work was to formulate the herbal lotion which does not cause
any side effects or adverse reactions. The herbal Neem and Amla lotion for the treatment of
microbial infections by using W/O emulsion method due to reducing side effects, cheap,
better therapeutic effect, ease of available etc.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Plant materials
The medicinal plants Azadirachta Indica leaf and Amla fruits were collected from the
agriculture department of Dr KN Modi University, Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Preparation of extracts
In which the 500 g of dried powder of neem leaf and amla fruits was extracted in ethanol by
Soxhlet extraction method. The extraction process was carried, filtrates and collected in a
beaker.[5]

Fig. 1: Soxhlet extraction process for powder drug.

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Shreyasi et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Phytochemical screening
The phytochemical screening of drug extracts was carried out according to standard method
(Trease & Evans 1989).

Table 1: Chemical test of phytoconstituents.

S/No. Chemical test Present/Absent
1. Alkaloids Present
2. Glycosides Present
3. Carbohydrates Present
4. Saponin Present
5. Flavonoids Present

Pre Formulation: Preformulation study was perform in powder of drug-

Table 2: Parameters of powder extract.

Result
S/No Parameters
Neem leaf Powder Amla fruits Powder
1. Particle size 500-600µm 350-400µm
2. Angle of repose 270 250
3. Bulk density 1.2gm/cc 1.1gm/cc
4. pH 6.5-7 6-7

Formulation development: The herbal lotion were formulated

Method: Prepared by W/O emulsion method.

Table 3: List of ingredients used in the formulation.

S/N Ingredients Category F1 F2 F3
Neem Amla
1. Herbal Drug Herb extract Polyherb
extract extract
Water Phase
2. Water Diluent 40ml 40ml 40ml
3. Bentonite Thickening agent 1.25 gm 1.25 gm 1.25 gm
4. Methyl paraben Preservatives 0.05gm 0.05gm 0.05gm
5. Glycerin Humactant 1.5 ml 1.5 ml 1.5 ml
6. Triethanolamine Neutralizer 0.45gm 0.45gm 0.45gm
Oil Phase
7. Cetyl alcohol Co-emulsion 1gm 1gm 1gm
8. Steric acid Emulsifier 1.25 gm 1.25 gm 1.25 gm
9. Methyl paraben Preservatives 0.05gm 0.05gm 0.05gm
10. Mineral oil Occulsive 2.5ml 2.5ml 2.5ml

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Shreyasi et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

Fig. 2: Formulation of lotion.

Evaluation study of lotion

The lotion was evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, irritation test, viscosity,
pH, stability and microbial test.

Determination of organoleptic properties

The appearance of the lotion was judged by its color, odour texture, roughness, pearlscence
and whashing from skin.[6]

Determination of pH
The pH meter was calibrated and measured the pH by digital pH meter placing in the beaker
containing 100mg of the at a temperature room temperature.[7]

Wash ability test

The removal of the lotion applied on skin was done by washing under tap water with minimal
force to remove the lotion.[8]

Irritancy test
The lotion was applied on left hand dorsal side surface of 2sq.cm and observed in equal
intervals up to 24hrs for irritancy, sensitivity and edema.

Determination of homogeneity
The formulations were tested for the homogeneity by visual appearance and by touch.[9]

Spreadability test
500mg of the lotion was sandwiched between 2 slides. A weight of 200gm was placed on
upper slide. The weight was removed and extra formulation was scrapped off. The lower

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Shreyasi et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

slide was fixed on board of apparatus and upper slide was fixed with non-flexible string on
which 100gm load was applied. Time taken by upper slide to slip off was noted down10-
S = m× l / t
Where,
S – Spread ability
m- Weight tied to upper glass slide.
l- Length moved on a glass slide
t- Time taken.
The determinations were carried out in three times and the average are readings was recorded
and calculate.

Determination of viscosity
The viscosity determinations were carried out using a Brookfield Viscometer (DV II+ Pro
model) using spindle number NDJ-8S at a 20 rpm at a temperature of 25oC. The
determinations were carried out in triplicate and the average of three times readings was
recorded.[11]

Stability test
The stability test of final optimized lotion was measured out and it was found that the lotion
was stable in room temperature for at least three months. The value of pH, viscosity and
spreadability all lay within the required range. In which no major changes in values of pH,
viscosity and spreadability as compared to the initial value of formulation.[12]

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 4: Evaluation parameter of herbal lotion.
S/No. Parameter Observation
F1 F2 F3
Yellowish-
1. Appearance Yellowish-white Light brown
white
2. Odor Characterstics Characterstics Characterstics
3. pH 6.8 pH 5.5 5.3 5.8-6
No redness and No redness No redness
4. Irritancy test
edema and edema and edema
Easily
Easily Washable Easily
5. Washability Washable by
by tap water Washable
tap water
Homogeneity  By Smooth and Smooth and Smooth and
6.
visual  By Touch Consistent Consistent Consistent
7. Spredability Uniform with a Uniform with Uniform with

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Shreyasi et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences

value of 35-42 a value of 35- a value of 40-

g.cm/sec Easily 42 g.cm/sec 42 g.cm/sec
spreadable Easily Easily
spreadable spreadable
Viscosity Viscosity
Viscosity 18000-
8. Viscosity 18000- 16000-
19000cps.
19000cps. 17000cps.

Stability test
To assess the formulation stability, was performed in the lab. Each formulation were stored
at 4°C room temperature and 40°C temperature for 2-3 month and observed for physical
stability.

Microbiological tests
Lotion was prepared for microbiological tests total viable count and gram negative pathogens
known as Escherchia coli and antimicrobial activity is noted.

CONCLUSION
The herbal lotion of crude drugs with the unique properties and prepared by simple W/O
methods and less equipment are required. In which the research of study was concluded that
poly herb containing F3 formulation shows better results than other herbal formulation and
reprent the future scope of herbal formulation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are thankful to Dr. K.N. Modi University, Jaipur Rajasthan for providing the
facilities and instruments to carry out this work.

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