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Group 1 - Opiods

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NOOR AZLEEN BINTI YUSOP (KBS)
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32 views23 pages

Group 1 - Opiods

Uploaded by

NOOR AZLEEN BINTI YUSOP (KBS)
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ABD 7013 DRUGs PHARMACHOLOGY

OPIODs & ANABOLIC sTEROIDs ABUsE


sUPERVIsED BY : DR TAN KA LIONG

PREsENTATION BY :
ROsMAWATI BINTI MOKHYIDDIN
MUHAMAD FIRDAUs BIN ABU TALIB
ROHAIZA BINTI MUsTAFA
AHMAD FATIHI BIN MAKHTAR
WHAT IS OPIODS?
Types Of Narcotic-pain-relieving
Drugs With Similar Actions And
Side Effects.

Semi-
synthetic Opioid
Opioids
What is an
opiate or
opioid?
Synthetic
Opioids
Opiate

Natural Opiates
(Also Called
Opium Alkaloids),
THE TYPES OF OPIODS AND STREET NAME

HEROIN
(Smack, Horse, Brown
Sugar, Dope, H, Junk,
Skag, Skunk, White OPIUM
Horse, China White; (Black
Cheese Stuff,Madat,Tar,Big
O, Block,Gum,hop

MORPHINE
(M, White
Powder,Monkey,
Morpho)
OPIODS FENTANYL
(Apache,
& STREET Apache, China
Girl)
NAME
METHADONE
(Amidone, Dollies,
Dolls, Fizzies, Mud,
Red Rock, Tootsie
Roll)

CODEIN
(Schoolboy,Cod
y, Door&Four)
WHO USES OPIODS?

MEDICINE

pain chronic
relievers pain.
WHY ARE OPIOIDS MISUSED?

OPIOID MISUSED
SIDE EFFECT

ADDICTION-
OVERDOSE-DEATH CHRONIC BRAIN
DISEASE

MISUSED DURING PREGNANCY -


Neonatal abstinence
syndrome (NAS).
r1

How are OPIODS used?

Oral
Intravenous Subcutaneous
administration
injections injections
(PO)

Inhalation
Intranasal (chasing the Transdermal
dragon)
Slide 8

r1 rosemaraihanah@gmail.com; 25/11/2020
WHAT ARE THE PHARMACOLOGICAL
EFFECTS OF OPIODS MISUSE?
CENTRAL NERVOUS SEDATION/DROWSINE
SYSTEM EFFECTS
NAUSEA &VOMITING SS (LOWERING THE
(REFERS TO A CONSTIPATION EUPHORIA
PERSON’S BRAIN AND LEVEL OF
SPINAL CORD) CONSCIOUSNESS)

RESPIRATORY
PRURITUS GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM DIARRHEA MIOSIS
(ITCHING) SYSTEM EFFECTS
DEPRESSION

PERIPHERAL
CARDIOVASCULAR
NERVOUS SYSTEM INTOXICATION DEPENDENCE ADDICTION
SYSTEM EFFECTS
(PNS) EFFECTS

WITHDRAWAL TOLERANCE
f1

WHAT IS DEPENDENCE AND HOW IS IT


DIFFERENT FROM ADDICTION?
DTKL1

 Dependence occurs when your body


has gotten used to the drug for pain -
feel really sick when you stop taking
the drug.
 Addiction means a person continues to
seek and take the drug despite
negative consequences.
Slide 11

DTKL1 Make it into point form.


Dr. Tan Ka Liong; 25/11/2020

f1 fir.muhamad83@gmail.com; 28/11/2020
PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES
TO TREATMENT OPIODS DEPENDENCE.
NALTREXONE
 Naltrexone is an opioid receptor
antagonist used primarily in the
management of opioid
dependence.
Naltrexone and its active
metabolite 6-β-naltrexol are
competitive antagonists at μ- and κ-
opioid receptors, and to a lesser
extent at δ-opioid receptors.
Co using naltrexone will induce very
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms.
BUPRENORPHINE
 A derivative of the morphine
alkaloid, thebaine
 A partial opioid agonist at
the mu ( ) opioid receptors
in the nervous system.
 A potent  receptor agonist
at low doses but produce a
‘ceiling effect’ on its
maximal opioid activity.
 Has a higher affinity for 
opioid receptors than full
opioid agonists.
METHADONE

Methadone prevented opioid


withdrawal symptoms,
blocked the euphoria of heroin,
and decreased cravings in
opioid-dependent individuals
and thereby confirmed
methadone efficacious as a
maintenance medication for
opioid dependence.
THE MECHANISM OF
ACTIONS OF OPIODS
 Opioids produce their actions at
a cellular level by activating
opioid receptors.
 These receptors are distributed
throughout the central nervous
system (CNS) with high
concentrations in the nuclei of
tractus solitarius, peri-
aqueductal grey area (PAG),
cerebral cortex, thalamus and
the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of
the spinal cord.
THE MECHANISM OF
ACTIONS OF OPIODS
 Opioid receptors are combined
with G protein which produces
inhibitory action.
 Ideally, opioids act on both
presynaptic and postsynaptic
membranes.
 In presynaptic membranes,
they inhibit the release of
neurotransmitters.
THE MECHANISM OF
ACTIONS OF OPIODS
 Pure opioid agonists bind to opioid
receptors avidly and demonstrate high
intrinsic activity at the cellular level
as described above.
 Partial opioid agonists bind to opioid
receptors, but produce a sub-maximal
effect compared to pure agonists and
so have less intrinsic activity
associated with receptor binding.
 Opioid antagonists have receptor
affinity but no intrinsic activity.
ABUSE OF DRUG FROM
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
 The law and prohibition of taking drugs is
clearly illegal based on the proposition
alluded to alcohol.

 In the Qur'an there is a lot of mention


about the prohibition of alcohol and this
prohibition dial is based on the evidence
of the texts (Al-Quran and Al-Hadith).
ABUSE OF DRUG FROM
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
 Its cause or ilah : intoxication
eliminates the function of the mind
and its give negative effects
on man and religion. Allah says in
Qur’an :

“O you who believe! Khamr, Maysir,


Ansab, and Azlam are a filth of
Shaytan’s handiwork. So avoid that in
order that you may be successful.”
Surah Al-Maidah: 90 - 91

“Rasulullah PBUH forbade taking ‫نهي رسول ﷲ صلى ﷲ عليه وسلم عن كل‬
any intoxicating and debilitating
things." ‫مسكِر ومفتر‬

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