Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 178.

503

(iii) Sizes under 6 inches, nominal AWWA C207–55, Table 1, class B, may
pipe size, the following table with the be used in place of paragraph (a)(2)(i) of
same configuration as illustrated in this section.
Nominal pipe size Flange O.D. Bolt circle diameter Diameter of bolts Flange thickness
Number
of bolts
Inches Cm Inches Cm Inches Cm Inches Cm Inches Cm

2 5 6 15 4 43⁄4 11.8 ⁄
12 1.2 ⁄
58 1.6
21⁄2 6.2 7 17.5 4 51⁄2 13.8 1⁄2 ............... 5⁄8 ...............
3 7.5 71⁄2 18.8 4 6 15 1⁄2 ............... 5⁄8 ...............
31⁄2 8.8 81⁄2 21.3 8 7 17.5 1⁄2 ............... 5⁄8 ...............
4 10 9 22.5 8 7 ⁄2
1 18.8 1⁄2 ............... 5⁄8 ...............
5 12.6 10 25.4 8 8 ⁄2
1 21.3 1⁄2 ............... 5⁄8 ...............

(iv) Cast iron flanges prohibited. (iii) ‘‘C’’ means natural wood.
(b) [Reserved] (iv) ‘‘D’’ means plywood.
(v) ‘‘F’’ means reconstituted wood.
[Amdt. 178–35, 39 FR 45245, Dec. 31, 1974; 40 FR
2435, Jan. 13, 1975, as amended at 40 FR 44327, (vi) ‘‘G’’ means fiberboard.
Sept. 26, 1975. Redesignated by Amdt. 178–97, (vii) ‘‘H’’ means plastic.
56 FR 66284, Dec. 20, 1991; 68 FR 75757, Dec. 31, (viii) ‘‘L’’ means textile.
2003] (ix) ‘‘M’’ means paper, multi-wall.
(x) ‘‘N’’ means metal (other than
Subpart L—Non-bulk Perform- steel or aluminum).
ance-Oriented Packaging (xi) ‘‘P’’ means glass, porcelain or
stoneware.
Standards (3) A numeral indicating the category
of packaging within the kind to which
SOURCE: Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, the packaging belongs. For example,
1990, unless otherwise noted. for steel drums (‘‘1A’’), ‘‘1’’ indicates a
§ 178.500 Purpose, scope and defini- non-removable head drum (i.e., ‘‘1A1’’)
tions. and ‘‘2’’ indicates a removable head
drum (i.e., ‘‘1A2’’).
(a) This subpart prescribes certain re- (b) For composite packagings, two
quirements for non-bulk packagings for capital letters are used in sequence in
hazardous materials. Standards for the second position of the code, the
these packagings are based on the UN first indicating the material of the
Recommendations. inner receptacle and the second, that of
(b) Terms used in this subpart are de- the outer packaging. For example, a
fined in § 171.8 of this subchapter. plastic receptacle in a steel drum is
§ 178.502 Identification codes for pack- designated ‘‘6HA1’’.
agings. (c) For combination packagings, only
the code number for the outer pack-
(a) Identification codes for desig- aging is used.
nating kinds of packagings consist of (d) Identification codes are set forth
the following: in the standards for packagings in
(1) A numeral indicating the kind of
§§ 178.504 through 178.523 of this sub-
packaging, as follows:
part.
(i) ‘‘1’’ means a drum.
(ii) ‘‘2’’ means a wooden barrel. NOTE TO § 178.502: Plastics materials in-
(iii) ‘‘3’’ means a jerrican. clude other polymeric materials such as rub-
(iv) ‘‘4’’ means a box. ber.
(v) ‘‘5’’ means a bag. [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
(vi) ‘‘6’’ means a composite pack- amended by Amdt. 178–106, 59 FR 67519, Dec.
aging. 29, 1994; 74 FR 2269, Jan. 14, 2009]
(vii) ‘‘7’’ means a pressure receptacle.
(2) A capital letter indicating the § 178.503 Marking of packagings.
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material of construction, as follows: (a) A manufacturer must mark every

(i) ‘‘A’’ means steel (all types and packaging that is represented as manu-
surface treatments). factured to meet a UN standard with
(ii) ‘‘B’’ means aluminum. the marks specified in this section. The

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 § 178.503 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)

markings must be durable, legible and (i) For packagings without inner
placed in a location and of such a size packagings intended to contain liquids,
relative to the packaging as to be read- the designation shall be the specific
ily visible, as specified in § 178.3(a). Ex- gravity rounded down to the first dec-
cept as otherwise provided in this sec- imal but may be omitted when the spe-
tion, every reusable packaging liable cific gravity does not exceed 1.2; and
to undergo a reconditioning process (ii) For packagings intended to con-
which might obliterate the packaging tain solids or inner packagings, the
marks must bear the marks specified designation shall be the maximum
in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) and gross mass in kilograms;
(a)(9) of this section in a permanent (5)(i) For single and composite pack-
form (e.g. embossed) able to withstand agings intended to contain liquids, the
the reconditioning process. A marking test pressure in kilopascals rounded
may be applied in a single line or in down to the nearest 10 kPa of the hy-
multiple lines provided the correct se- drostatic pressure test that the pack-
quence is used. As illustrated by the aging design type has successfully
examples in paragraph (e) of this sec- passed;
tion, the following information must (ii) For packagings intended to con-
be presented in the correct sequence. tain solids or inner packagings, the let-
Slash marks should be used to separate ter ‘‘S’’;
this information. A packaging con- (6) The last two digits of the year of
forming to a UN standard must be manufacture. Packagings of types 1H
marked as follows: and 3H shall also be marked with the
(1) Except as provided in paragraph month of manufacture in any appro-
(e)(1)(ii) of this section, the United Na- priate manner; this may be marked on
tions symbol as illustrated in para- the packaging in a different place from
graph (e)(1)(i) of this section (for em- the remainder of the markings;
bossed metal receptacles, the letters (7) The state authorizing allocation
‘‘UN’’) may be applied in place of the of the mark. The letters ‘USA’ indicate
symbol;; that the packaging is manufactured
and marked in the United States in
(2) A packaging identification code
compliance with the provisions of this
designating the type of packaging, the
subchapter;
material of construction and, when ap-
(8) The name and address or symbol
propriate, the category of packaging
of the manufacturer or the approval
under §§ 178.504 through 178.523 of this
agency certifying compliance with sub-
subpart within the type to which the
part L and subpart M of this part.
packaging belongs. The letter ‘‘V’’
Symbols, if used, must be registered
must follow the packaging identifica-
with the Associate Administrator;
tion code on packagings tested in ac-
(9) For metal or plastic drums or
cordance with § 178.601(g)(2); for exam-
jerricans intended for reuse or recondi-
ple, ‘‘4GV’’. The letter ‘‘W’’ must fol-
tioning as single packagings or the
low the packaging identification code
outer packagings of a composite pack-
on packagings when required by an ap-
aging, the thickness of the packaging
proval under the provisions of
material, expressed in mm (rounded to
§ 178.601(h) of this part;
the nearest 0.1 mm), as follows:
(3) A letter identifying the perform- (i) Metal drums or jerricans must be
ance standard under which the pack- marked with the nominal thickness of
aging design type has been successfully the metal used in the body. The
tested, as follows: marked nominal thickness must not
(i) X—for packagings meeting Pack- exceed the minimum thickness of the
ing Group I, II and III tests; steel used by more than the thickness
(ii) Y—for packagings meeting Pack- tolerance stated in ISO 3574 (IBR, see
ing Group II and III tests; or § 171.7 of this subchapter). (See appen-
(iii) Z—for packagings only meeting dix C of this part.) The unit of measure
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Packing Group III tests; is not required to be marked. When the

(4) A designation of the specific grav- nominal thickness of either head of a
ity or mass for which the packaging de- metal drum is thinner than that of the
sign type has been tested, as follows: body, the nominal thickness of the top

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 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 178.503

head, body, and bottom head must be (ii) The name and address or symbol
marked (e.g., ‘‘1.0–1.2–1.0’’ or ‘‘0.9–1.0– of the reconditioner. Symbols, if used,
1.0’’). must be registered with the Associate
(ii) Plastic drums or jerricans must Administrator;
be marked with the minimum thick- (iii) The last two digits of the year of
ness of the packaging material. Min- reconditioning;
imum thicknesses of plastic must be as (iv) The letter ‘‘R’’; and
determined in accordance with
(v) For every packaging successfully
§ 173.28(b)(4). The unit of measure is not
required to be marked; passing a leakproofness test, the addi-
(10) In addition to the markings pre- tional letter ‘‘L’’.
scribed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (2) When, after reconditioning, the
(a)(9) of this section, every new metal markings required by paragraph (a)(1)
drum having a capacity greater than through (a)(5) of this section no longer
100 L must bear the marks described in appear on the top head or the side of
paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6), and the metal drum, the reconditioner
(a)(9)(i) of this section, in a permanent must apply them in a durable form fol-
form, on the bottom. The markings on lowed by the markings in paragraph
the top head or side of these pack- (c)(1) of this section. These markings
agings need not be permanent, and may identify a different performance
need not include the thickness mark capability than that for which the
described in paragraph (a)(9) of this original design type had been tested
section. This marking indicates a and marked, but may not identify a
drum’s characteristics at the time it greater performance capability. The
was manufactured, and the information markings applied in accordance with
in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(6) of this paragraph may be different from
this section that is marked on the top those which are permanently marked
head or side must be the same as the on the bottom of a drum in accordance
information in paragraphs (a)(1) with paragraph (a)(10) of this section.
through (a)(6) of this section perma- (d) Marking of remanufactured pack-
nently marked by the original manu- agings. For remanufactured metal
facturer on the bottom of the drum;
drums, if there is no change to the
and
packaging type and no replacement or
(11) Rated capacity of the packaging
removal of integral structural compo-
expressed in liters may be marked.
nents, the required markings need not
(b) For a packaging with a removable
head, the markings may not be applied be permanent (e.g., embossed). Every
only to the removable head. other remanufactured drum must bear
(c) Marking of reconditioned pack- the marks required in paragraphs (a)(1)
agings. (1) If a packaging is recondi- through (a)(6) of this section in a per-
tioned, it shall be marked by the re- manent form (e.g., embossed) on the
conditioner near the marks required in top head or side. If the metal thickness
paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this marking required in paragraph (a)(9)(i)
section with the following additional of this section does not appear on the
information: bottom of the drum, or if it is no
(i) The name of the country in which longer valid, the remanufacturer also
the reconditioning was performed (in must mark this information in perma-
the United States, use the letters nent form.
‘‘USA’’); (1)(i) The United Nations symbol is:
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 § 178.503 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)

(ii) The circle that surrounds the let-

ters ‘‘u’’ and ‘‘n’’ may have small
breaks provided the following provi-
sions are met:
(A) The total gap space does not ex-
ceed 15 percent of the circumference of
the circle;
(B) There are no more than four gaps
in the circle;
(C) The spacing between gaps is sepa-
rated by no less than 20 percent of the (as in § 178.503 (a)(1) through (a)(10) of
circumference of the circle (72 degrees); this subpart).
and (iii) For a steel drum to transport
(D) The letters ‘‘u’’ and ‘‘n’’ appear solids or inner packagings:
exactly as depicted in § 178.503(e)(1)(i)
with no gaps.
(2) Examples of markings for a new
packaging are as follows:
(i) For a fiberboard box designed to
contain an inner packaging:

(as in § 178.503 (a)(1) through (a)(8) of

this subpart).

EC02MR91.090</GPH>
(3) Examples of markings for recondi-
tioned packagings are as follows:

EC02MR91.089</GPH>

(as in § 178.503 (a)(1) through (a)(9) of

this subpart).
(ii) For a steel drum designed to con-
tain liquids:
EC02MR91.088</GPH>

(as in § 178.503(c)(1)).
(f) A manufacturer must mark every
UN specification package represented
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as manufactured to meet the require-

ments of § 178.609 for packaging of in-
EC02MR91.087</GPH>

fectious substances with the marks

specified in this section. The markings

200
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 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 178.504

must be durable, legible, and must be drum. Minimum thickness and mark-
readily visible, as specified in § 178.3(a). ing requirements in §§ 173.28(b)(4) and
An infectious substance packaging that 178.503(a)(9) of this subchapter apply to
successfully passes the tests con- drums intended for reuse.
forming to the UN standard must be (2) Body seams must be welded on
marked as follows: drums designed to contain more than
(1) The United Nations symbol as il- 40 L (11 gallons) of liquids. Body seams
lustrated in paragraph (e) of this sec- must be mechanically seamed or weld-
tion.
ed on drums intended to contain only
(2) The code designating the type of
packaging and material of construc- solids or 40 L (11 gallons) or less of liq-
tion according to the identification uids.
codes for packagings specified in (3) Chimes must be mechanically
§ 178.502. seamed or welded. Separate reinforcing
(3) The text ‘‘CLASS 6.2’’. rings may be applied.
(4) The last two digits of the year of (4) The body of a drum of a capacity
manufacture of the packaging. greater than 60 L (16 gallons) may have
(5) The country authorizing the allo- at least two expanded rolling hoops or
cation of the mark. The letters ‘‘USA’’ two separate rolling hoops. If there are
indicate the packaging is manufac- separate rolling hoops, they must be
tured and marked in the United States fitted tightly on the body and so se-
in compliance with the provisions of cured that they cannot shift. Rolling
this subchapter. hoops may not be spot-welded.
(6) The name and address or symbol
(5) Openings for filling, emptying and
of the manufacturer or the approval
venting in the bodies or heads of non-
agency certifying compliance with sub-
parts L and M of this part. Symbols, if removable head (1A1) drums may not
used, must be registered with the Asso- exceed 7.0 cm (3 inches) in diameter.
ciate Administrator for Hazardous Ma- Drums with larger openings are consid-
terials Safety. ered to be of the removable head type
(7) For packagings meeting the re- (1A2). Closures for openings in the bod-
quirements of § 178.609(i)(3), the letter ies and heads of drums must be so de-
‘‘U’’ must be inserted immediately fol- signed and applied that they will re-
lowing the marking designating the main secure and leakproof under nor-
type of packaging and material re- mal conditions of transport. Closure
quired in paragraph (f)(2) of this sec- flanges may be mechanically seamed or
tion. welded in place. Gaskets or other seal-
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as ing elements must be used with clo-
amended at 56 FR 66284, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. sures unless the closure is inherently
178–102, 59 FR 28493, June 2, 1994; Amdt. 178– leakproof.
106, 59 FR 67520, 67521, Dec. 29, 1994; Amdt. (6) Closure devices for removable
178–107, 60 FR 26806, May 18, 1995; 62 FR 51561,
Oct. 1, 1997; 66 FR 45386, Aug. 28, 2001; 67 FR
head drums must be so designed and
61016, Sept. 27, 2002; 67 FR 53143, Aug. 14, 2002; applied that they will remain secure
68 FR 75757, Dec. 31, 2003; 75 FR 5395, Feb 2, and drums will remain leakproof under
2010; 75 FR 60339, Sept. 30, 2010] normal conditions of transport. Gas-
kets or other sealing elements must be
§ 178.504 Standards for steel drums. used with all removable heads.
(a) The following are identification (7) If materials used for body, heads,
codes for steel drums: closures, and fittings are not in them-
(1) 1A1 for a non-removable head selves compatible with the contents to
steel drum; and be transported, suitable internal pro-
(2) 1A2 for a removable head steel tective coatings or treatments must be
drum. applied. These coatings or treatments
(b) Construction requirements for
must retain their protective properties
steel drums are as follows:
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(1) Body and heads must be con- under normal conditions of transport.
structed of steel sheet of suitable type (8) Maximum capacity of drum: 450 L
and adequate thickness in relation to (119 gallons).
the capacity and intended use of the

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 § 178.505 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)

(9) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882 other sealing elements must be used
pounds). with all removable heads.
(6) Maximum capacity of drum: 450 L
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
amended at 56 FR 66284, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. (119 gallons).
178–110, 60 FR 49111, Sept. 21, 1995] (7) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882
pounds).
§ 178.505 Standards for aluminum [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
drums. amended at 56 FR 66284, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt.
(a) The following are the identifica- 178–102, 59 FR 28494, June 2, 1994]
tion codes for aluminum drums:
(1) 1B1 for a non-removable head alu- § 178.506 Standards for metal drums
minum drum; and other than steel or aluminum.
(2) 1B2 for a removable head alu- (a) The following are the identifica-
minum drum. tion codes for metal drums other than
(b) Construction requirements for steel or aluminum:
aluminum drums are as follows: (1) 1N1 for a non-removable head
(1) Body and heads must be con- metal drum; and
structed of aluminum at least 99 per- (2) 1N2 for a removable head metal
cent pure or an aluminum base alloy. drum.
Material must be of suitable type and (b) Construction requirements for
adequate thickness in relation to the metal drums other than steel or alu-
capacity and the intended use of the minum are as follows:
drum. Minimum thickness and mark- (1) Body and heads must be con-
ing requirements in §§ 173.28(b)(4) and structed of metal (other than steel or
178.503(a)(9) of this subchapter apply to aluminum) of suitable type and ade-
drums intended for reuse. quate thickness in relation to the ca-
(2) All seams must be welded. Chime pacity and the intended use of the
seams, if any, must be reinforced by drum. Minimum thickness and mark-
the application of separate reinforcing ing requirements in §§ 173.28(b)(4) and
rings. 178.503(a)(9) of this subchapter apply to
(3) The body of a drum of a capacity drums intended for reuse.
greater than 60 L (16 gallons) may have (2) All seams must be welded. Chime
at least two expanded rolling hoops or seams, if any, must be reinforced by
two separate rolling hoops. If there are the application of separate reinforcing
separate rolling hoops, the hoops must rings.
be fitted tightly on the body and so se- (3) The body of a drum of a capacity
cured that they cannot shift. Rolling greater than 60 L (16 gallons) may have
hoops may not be spot-welded. at least two expanded rolling hoops or
(4) Openings for filling, emptying, or two separate rolling hoops. If there are
venting in the bodies or heads of non- separate rolling hoops, the hoops must
removable head (1B1) drums may not be fitted tightly on the body and so se-
exceed 7.0 cm (3 inches) in diameter. cured that they cannot shift. Rolling
Drums with larger openings are consid- hoops may not be spot-welded.
ered to be of the removable head type (4) Openings for filling, emptying, or
(1B2). Closures for openings in the bod- venting in the bodies or heads of non-
ies and heads of drums must be so de- removable head (1N1) drums may not
signed and applied that they will re- exceed 7.0 cm (3 inches) in diameter.
main secure and leakproof under nor- Drums with larger openings are consid-
mal conditions of transport. Closure ered to be of the removable head type
flanges may be welded in place so that (1N2). Closures for openings in the bod-
the weld provides a leakproof seam. ies and heads of drums must be so de-
Gaskets or other sealing elements signed and applied that they will re-
must be used with closures unless the main secure and leakproof under nor-
closure is inherently leakproof. mal conditions of transport. Closure
(5) Closure devices for removable flanges may be welded in place so that
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head drums must be so designed and the weld provides a leakproof seam.
applied that they remain secure and Gaskets or other sealing elements
drums remain leakproof under normal must be used with closures unless the
conditions of transport. Gaskets or closure is inherently leakproof.

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 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 178.509

(5) Closure devices for removable tions) firmly glued or laminated to-
head drums must be so designed and gether and may include one or more
applied that they remain secure and protective layers of bitumen, waxed
drums remain leakproof under normal kraft paper, metal foil, plastic mate-
conditions of transport. Gaskets or rial, or similar materials.
other sealing elements must be used (2) Heads must be of natural wood, fi-
with all removable heads. berboard, metal, plywood, plastics, or
(6) Maximum capacity of drum: 450 L other suitable material and may in-
(119 gallons). clude one or more protective layers of
(7) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882 bitumen, waxed kraft paper, metal foil,
pounds). plastic material, or similar material.
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as (3) The body and heads of the drum
amended at 56 FR 66285, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. and their joints must be of a design ap-
178–102, 59 FR 28494, June 2, 1994] propriate to the capacity and intended
§ 178.507 Standards for plywood use of the drum.
drums. (4) The assembled packaging must be
sufficiently water-resistant so as not
(a) The identification code for a ply-
to delaminate under normal conditions
wood drum is 1D.
(b) Construction requirements for of transport.
plywood drums are as follows: (5) Maximum capacity of drum: 450 L
(1) The wood used must be well-sea- (119 gallons).
soned, commercially dry and free from (6) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882
any defect likely to lessen the effec- pounds).
tiveness of the drum for the purpose in- [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
tended. A material other than plywood, amended by Amdt. 178–106, 59 FR 67521, Dec.
of at least equivalent strength and du- 29, 1994]
rability, may be used for the manufac-
ture of the heads. § 178.509 Standards for plastic drums
(2) At least two-ply plywood must be and jerricans.
used for the body and at least three-ply (a) The following are identification
plywood for the heads; the plies must codes for plastic drums and jerricans:
be firmly glued together, with their
(1) 1H1 for a non-removable head
grains crosswise.
(3) The body and heads of the drum plastic drum;
and their joints must be of a design ap- (2) 1H2 for a removable head plastic
propriate to the capacity of the drum drum;
and its intended use. (3) 3H1 for a non-removable head
(4) In order to prevent sifting of the jerrican; and
contents, lids must be lined with kraft (4) 3H2 for a removable head jerrican.
paper or some other equivalent mate- (b) Construction requirements for
rial which must be securely fastened to plastic drums and jerricans are as fol-
the lid and extend to the outside along lows:
its full circumference. (1) The packaging must be manufac-
(5) Maximum capacity of drum: 250 L tured from suitable plastic material
(66 gallons). and be of adequate strength in relation
(6) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882 to its capacity and intended use. No
pounds). used material other than production
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as residues or regrind from the same man-
amended at 57 FR 45465, Oct. 1, 1992] ufacturing process may be used unless
approved by the Associate Adminis-
§ 178.508 Standards for fiber drums. trator. The packaging must be ade-
(a) The identification code for a fiber quately resistant to aging and to deg-
drum is 1G. radation caused either by the sub-
(b) Construction requirements for stance contained or by ultra-violet ra-
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fiber drums are as follows: diation. Any permeation of the sub-

(1) The body of the drum must be stance contained may not constitute a
constructed of multiple plies of heavy danger under normal conditions of
paper or fiberboard (without corruga- transport.

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 § 178.510 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)

(2) If protection against ultra-violet (7) Maximum capacity of drums and

radiation is required, it must be pro- jerricans: 1H1, 1H2: 450 L (119 gallons);
vided by the addition of carbon black 3H1, 3H2: 60 L (16 gallons).
or other suitable pigments or inhibi- (8) Maximum net mass: 1H1, 1H2: 400
tors. These additives must be compat- kg (882 pounds); 3H1, 3H2: 120 kg (265
ible with the contents and remain ef- pounds).
fective throughout the life of the pack- [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
aging. Where use is made of carbon amended by Amdt. 178–102, 59 FR 28494, June
black, pigments or inhibitors other 2, 1994; 64 FR 10782, Mar. 5, 1999; 66 FR 45386,
than those used in the manufacture of Aug. 28, 2001]
the design type, retesting may be omit-
ted if the carbon black content does § 178.510 Standards for wooden bar-
rels.
not exceed 2 percent by mass or if the
pigment content does not exceed 3 per- (a) The following are identification
cent by mass; the content of inhibitors codes for wooden barrels:
of ultra-violet radiation is not limited. (1) 2C1 for a bung type wooden barrel;
(3) Additives serving purposes other and
than protection against ultra-violet ra- (2) 2C2 for a slack type (removable
diation may be included in the com- head) wooden barrel.
position of the plastic material pro- (b) Construction requirements for
vided they do not adversely affect the wooden barrels are as follows:
chemical and physical properties of the (1) The wood used must be of good
packaging material. quality, straight-grained, well-sea-
(4) The wall thickness at every point soned and free from knots, bark, rotten
wood, sapwood or other defects likely
of the packaging must be appropriate
to lessen the effectiveness of the barrel
to its capacity and its intended use,
for the purpose intended.
taking into account the stresses to
(2) The body and heads must be of a
which each point is liable to be ex-
design appropriate to the capacity and
posed. Minimum thickness and mark-
intended use of the barrel.
ing requirements in §§ 173.28(b)(4) and
(3) Staves and heads must be sawn or
178.503(a)(9) of this subchapter apply to cleft with the grain so that no annual
drums intended for reuse. ring extends over more than half the
(5) Openings for filling, emptying and thickness of a stave or head.
venting in the bodies or heads of non- (4) Barrel hoops must be of steel or
removable head (1H1) drums and iron of good quality. The hoops of 2C2
jerricans (3H1) may not exceed 7.0 cm (3 barrels may be of a suitable hardwood.
inches) in diameter. Drums and (5) For wooden barrels 2C1, the di-
jerricans with larger openings are con- ameter of the bung-hole may not ex-
sidered to be of the removable head ceed half the width of the stave in
type (1H2 and 3H2). Closures for open- which it is placed.
ings in the bodies or heads of drums (6) For wooden barrels 2C2, heads
and jerricans must be so designed and must fit tightly into crozes.
applied that they remain secure and (7) Maximum capacity of barrel: 250 L
leakproof under normal conditions of (66 gallons).
transport. Gaskets or other sealing ele- (8) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882
ments must be used with closures un- pounds).
less the closure is inherently leakproof.
(6) Closure devices for removable § 178.511 Standards for aluminum and
head drums and jerricans must be so steel jerricans.
designed and applied that they remain (a) The following are identification
secure and leakproof under normal con- codes for aluminum and steel jerricans:
ditions of transport. Gaskets must be (1) 3A1 for a non-removable head
used with all removable heads unless steel jerrican;
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR

the drum or jerrican design is such (2) 3A2 for a removable head steel
that when the removable head is prop- jerrican;
erly secured, the drum or jerrican is in- (3) 3B1 for a non-removable head alu-
herently leakproof. minum jerrican; and

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 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 178.513

(4) 3B2 for a removable head alu- § 178.512 Standards for steel or alu-
minum jerrican. minum boxes.
(b) Construction requirements for (a) The following are identification
aluminum and steel jerricans are as codes for steel or aluminum boxes:
follows: (1) 4A for a steel box; and
(1) For steel jerricans the body and (2) 4B for an aluminum box.
heads must be constructed of steel (b) Construction requirements for
sheet of suitable type and adequate steel or aluminum boxes are as follows:
thickness in relation to the capacity of (1) The strength of the metal and the
the jerrican and its intended use. Min- construction of the box must be appro-
imum thickness and marking require- priate to the capacity and intended use
ments in §§ 173.28(b)(4) and 178.503(a)(9) of the box.
of this subchapter apply to jerricans (2) Boxes must be lined with fiber-
intended for reuse. board or felt packing pieces or must
(2) For aluminum jerricans the body have an inner liner or coating of suit-
and heads must be constructed of alu- able material in accordance with sub-
minum at least 99% pure or of an alu- part C of part 173 of this subchapter. If
minum base alloy. Material must be of a double seamed metal liner is used,
a type and of adequate thickness in re- steps must be taken to prevent the in-
lation to the capacity of the jerrican gress of materials, particularly explo-
and to its intended use. sives, into the recesses of the seams.
(3) Chimes of all jerricans must be (3) Closures may be of any suitable
mechanically seamed or welded. Body type, and must remain secure under
seams of jerricans intended to carry normal conditions of transport.
more than 40 L (11 gallons) of liquid (4) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882
must be welded. Body seams of pounds).
jerricans intended to carry 40 L (11 gal- [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
lons) or less must be mechanically amended by Amdt. 178–106, 59 FR 67521, Dec.
seamed or welded. 29, 1994]
(4) Openings in jerricans (3A1) may
not exceed 7.0 cm (3 inches) in diame- § 178.513 Standards for boxes of nat-
ural wood.
ter. Jerricans with larger openings are
considered to be of the removable head (a) The following are the identifica-
type. Closures must be so designed that tion codes for boxes of natural wood:
they remain secure and leakproof (1) 4C1 for an ordinary box; and
under normal conditions of transport. (2) 4C2 for a box with sift-proof walls.
Gaskets or other sealing elements (b) Construction requirements for
must be used with closures, unless the boxes of natural wood are as follows:
closure is inherently leakproof. (1) The wood used must be well-sea-
(5) If materials used for body, heads, soned, commercially dry and free from
closures and fittings are not in them- defects that would materially lessen
selves compatible with the contents to the strength of any part of the box. The
be transported, suitable internal pro- strength of the material used and the
tective coatings or treatments must be method of construction must be appro-
applied. These coatings or treatments priate to the capacity and intended use
must retain their protective properties of the box. The tops and bottoms may
under normal conditions of transport. be made of water-resistant reconsti-
tuted wood such as hard board, particle
(6) Maximum capacity of jerrican: 60
board or other suitable type.
L (16 gallons).
(2) Fastenings must be resistant to
(7) Maximum net mass: 120 kg (265
vibration experienced under normal
pounds). conditions of transportation. End grain
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as nailing must be avoided whenever prac-
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR

amended by Amdt. 178–102, 59 FR 28494, June ticable. Joints which are likely to be
2, 1994; Amdt. 178–119, 62 FR 24742, May 6, highly stressed must be made using
1997] clenched or annular ring nails or equiv-
alent fastenings.

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 § 178.514 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)

(3) Each part of the 4C2 box must be § 178.516 Standards for fiberboard
one piece or equivalent. Parts are con- boxes.
sidered equivalent to one piece when (a) The identification code for a fi-
one of the following methods of glued berboard box is 4G.
assembly is used: Linderman joint, (b) Construction requirements for fi-
tongue and groove joint, ship lap or berboard boxes are as follows:
rabbet joint, or butt joint with at least (1) Strong, solid or double-faced cor-
two corrugated metal fasteners at each rugated fiberboard (single or multi-
joint. wall) must be used, appropriate to the
(4) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882 capacity and intended use of the box.
pounds). The water resistance of the outer sur-
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as face must be such that the increase in
amended by Amdt. 178–106, 59 FR 67521, Dec. mass, as determined in a test carried
29, 1994] out over a period of 30 minutes by the
Cobb method of determining water ab-
§ 178.514 Standards for plywood boxes. sorption, is not greater than 155 g per
(a) The identification code for a ply- square meter (0.0316 pounds per square
wood box is 4D. foot)—see ISO 535 (IBR, see § 171.7 of
(b) Construction requirements for this subchapter). Fiberboard must have
plywood boxes are as follows: proper bending qualities. Fiberboard
(1) Plywood used must be at least 3 must be cut, creased without cutting
ply. It shall be made from well-sea- through any thickness of fiberboard,
soned rotary cut, sliced or sawn veneer, and slotted so as to permit assembly
commercially dry and free from defects without cracking, surface breaks, or
that would materially lessen the undue bending. The fluting of cor-
strength of the box. The strength of the rugated fiberboard must be firmly
material used and the method of con- glued to the facings.
struction must be appropriate to the (2) The ends of boxes may have a
capacity and intended use of the box. wooden frame or be entirely of wood or
All adjacent plies must be glued with other suitable material. Reinforce-
water-resistant adhesive. Other suit- ments of wooden battens or other suit-
able materials may be used together able material may be used.
with plywood in the construction of (3) Manufacturing joints. (i) Manu-
boxes. Boxes must be nailed or secured facturing joints in the bodies of boxes
to corner posts or ends or assembled must be—
with other equally suitable devices. (A) Taped;
(2) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882 (B) Lapped and glued; or
pounds). (C) Lapped and stitched with metal
staples.
§ 178.515 Standards for reconstituted (ii) Lapped joints must have an ap-
wood boxes. propriate overlap.
(a) The identification code for a re- (4) Where closing is effected by glu-
constituted wood box is 4F. ing or taping, a water resistant adhe-
(b) Construction requirements for re- sive must be used.
constituted wood boxes are as follows: (5) Boxes must be designed so as to
(1) The walls of boxes must be made provide a snug fit to the contents.
of water-resistant, reconstituted wood (6) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882
such as hardboard, particle board, or pounds).
other suitable type. The strength of [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, and
the material used and the method of amended by Amdt. 178–99, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1,
construction must be appropriate to 1993; Amdt. 178–106, 59 FR 67521, Dec. 29, 1994;
the capacity of the boxes and their in- 68 FR 75758, Dec. 31, 2003]
tended use.
(2) Other parts of the box may be § 178.517 Standards for plastic boxes.
made of other suitable materials. (a) The following are identification
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR

(3) Boxes must be securely assembled codes for plastic boxes:

by means of suitable devices. (1) 4H1 for an expanded plastic box;
(4) Maximum net mass: 400 kg (882 and
pounds). (2) 4H2 for a solid plastic box.

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 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 178.519

(b) Construction requirements for signed as to prevent the box from unin-
plastic boxes are as follows: tentionally opening.
(1) The box must be manufactured (7) Maximum net mass 4H1: 60 kg (132
from suitable plastic material and be pounds); 4H2: 400 kg (882 pounds).
of adequate strength in relation to its
capacity and intended use. The box § 178.518 Standards for woven plastic
bags.
must be adequately resistant to aging
and to degradation caused either by (a) The following are identification
the substance contained or by ultra- codes for woven plastic bags:
violet radiation. (1) 5H1 for an unlined or non-coated
(2) An expanded plastic box must con- woven plastic bag;
sist of two parts made of a molded ex- (2) 5H2 for a sift-proof woven plastic
panded plastic material: a bottom sec- bag; and
tion containing cavities for the inner (3) 5H3 for a water-resistant woven
receptacles, and a top section covering plastic bag.
and interlocking with the bottom sec- (b) Construction requirements for
woven plastic fabric bags are as fol-
tion. The top and bottom sections must
lows:
be so designed that the inner recep-
(1) Bags must be made from stretched
tacles fit snugly. The closure cap for
tapes or monofilaments of a suitable
any inner receptacle may not be in
plastic material. The strength of the
contact with the inside of the top sec-
material used and the construction of
tion of the box.
the bag must be appropriate to the ca-
(3) For transportation, an expanded pacity and intended use of the bag.
plastic box must be closed with a self- (2) If the fabric is woven flat, the
adhesive tape having sufficient tensile bags must be made by sewing or some
strength to prevent the box from open- other method ensuring closure of the
ing. The adhesive tape must be weath- bottom and one side. If the fabric is tu-
er-resistant and its adhesive compat- bular, the bag must be closed by sew-
ible with the expanded plastic material ing, weaving, or some other equally
of the box. Other closing devices at strong method of closure.
least equally effective may be used. (3) Bags, sift-proof, 5H2 must be made
(4) For solid plastic boxes, protection sift-proof by appropriate means such as
against ultra-violet radiation, if re- use of paper or a plastic film bonded to
quired, must be provided by the addi- the inner surface of the bag or one or
tion of carbon black or other suitable more separate inner liners made of
pigments or inhibitors. These additives paper or plastic material.
must be compatible with the contents (4) Bags, water-resistant, 5H3: To pre-
and remain effective throughout the vent the entry of moisture, the bag
life of the box. Where use is made of must be made waterproof by appro-
carbon black pigment or inhibitors priate means, such as separate inner
other than those used in the manufac- liners of water-resistant paper (e.g.,
ture of the tested design type, re- waxed kraft paper, double-tarred kraft
testing may be waived if the carbon paper or plastic-coated kraft paper), or
black content does not exceed 2 percent plastic film bonded to the inner or
by mass or if the pigment content does outer surface of the bag, or one or more
not exceed 3 percent by mass; the con- inner plastic liners.
tent of inhibitors of ultra-violet radi- (5) Maximum net mass: 50 kg (110
ation is not limited. pounds).
(5) Additives serving purposes other [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, and
than protection against ultra-violet ra- amended by Amdt. 178–99, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1,
diation may be included in the com- 1993]
position of the plastic material if they
do not adversely affect the material of § 178.519 Standards for plastic film
the box. Addition of these additives bags.
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR

does not change the design type. (a) The identification code for a plas-
(6) Solid plastic boxes must have clo- tic film bag is 5H4.
sure devices made of a suitable mate- (b) Construction requirements for
rial of adequate strength and so de- plastic film bags are as follows:

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 § 178.520 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)

(1) Bags must be made of a suitable (2) 5M2 for a multi-wall water-resist-
plastic material. The strength of the ant paper bag.
material used and the construction of (b) Construction requirements for
the bag must be appropriate to the ca- paper bags are as follows:
pacity and the intended use of the bag. (1) Bags must be made of a suitable
Joints and closures must be capable of kraft paper, or of an equivalent paper
withstanding pressures and impacts with at least three plies. The strength
liable to occur under normal conditions of the paper and the construction of
of transportation. the bag must be appropriate to the ca-
(2) Maximum net mass: 50 kg (110 pacity and intended use of the bag.
pounds). Seams and closures must be sift-proof.
(2) Paper bags 5M2: To prevent the
§ 178.520 Standards for textile bags. entry of moisture, a bag of four plies or
(a) The following are identification more must be made waterproof by the
codes for textile bags: use of either a water-resistant ply as
(1) 5L1 for an unlined or non-coated one of the two outermost plies or a
textile bag; water-resistant barrier made of a suit-
(2) 5L2 for a sift-proof textile bag; able protective material between the
and two outermost plies. A 5M2 bag of
(3) 5L3 for a water-resistant textile three plies must be made waterproof by
bag. the use of a water-resistant ply as the
(b) Construction requirements for outermost ply. When there is danger of
textile bags are as follows: the lading reacting with moisture, or
(1) The textiles used must be of good when it is packed damp, a waterproof
quality. The strength of the fabric and ply or barrier, such as double-tarred
the construction of the bag must be ap- kraft paper, plastics-coated kraft
propriate to the capacity and intended paper, plastics film bonded to the inner
use of the bag. surface of the bag, or one or more inner
plastics liners, must also be placed
(2) Bags, sift-proof, 5L2: The bag
next to the substance. Seams and clo-
must be made sift-proof, by appropriate
sures must be waterproof.
means, such as by the use of paper
(3) Maximum net mass: 50 kg (110
bonded to the inner surface of the bag
pounds).
by a water-resistant adhesive such as
bitumen, plastic film bonded to the [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
inner surface of the bag, or one or more amended at 56 FR 66285, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt.
inner liners made of paper or plastic 178–106, 59 FR 67521, Dec. 29, 1994]
material.
§ 178.522 Standards for composite
(3) Bags, water-resistant, 5L3: To pre- packagings with inner plastic re-
vent entry of moisture, the bag must ceptacles.
be made waterproof by appropriate
means, such as by the use of separate (a) The following are the identifica-
inner liners of water-resistant paper tion codes for composite packagings
(e.g., waxed kraft paper, tarred paper, with inner plastic receptacles:
or plastic-coated kraft paper), or plas- (1) 6HA1 for a plastic receptacle with-
tic film bonded to the inner surface of in a protective steel drum;
the bag, or one or more inner liners (2) 6HA2 for a plastic receptacle with-
made of plastic material or metalized in a protective steel crate or box;
(3) 6HB1 for a plastic receptacle with-
film or foil.
in a protective aluminum drum.
(4) Maximum net mass: 50 kg (110
(4) 6HB2 for a plastic receptacle with-
pounds).
in a protective aluminum crate or box.
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as (5) 6HC for a plastic receptacle within
amended at 56 FR 66285, Dec. 20, 1991] a protective wooden box.
(6) 6HD1 for a plastic receptacle with-
§ 178.521 Standards for paper bags. in a protective plywood drum;
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR

(a) The following are identification (7) 6HD2 for a plastic receptacle with-
codes for paper bags: in a protective plywood box;
(1) 5M1 for a multi-wall paper bag; (8) 6HG1 for a plastic receptacle with-
and in a protective fiber drum;

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 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admin., DOT § 178.523

(9) 6HG2 for a plastic receptacle with- (5) Maximum net mass is as follows:
in a protective fiberboard box; 6HA1, 6HB1, 6HD1, 6HG1, 6HH1—400kg
(10) 6HH1 for a plastic receptacle (882 pounds); 6HB2, 6HC, 6HD2, 6HG2,
within a protective plastic drum; and 6HH2—75 kg (165 pounds).
(11) 6HH2 for a plastic receptacle
[Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, as
within a protective plastic box. amended by Amdt. 178–106, 59 FR 67521, Dec.
(b) Construction requirements for 29, 1994]
composite packagings with inner re-
ceptacles of plastic are as follows: § 178.523 Standards for composite
(1) Inner receptacles must be con- packagings with inner glass, por-
structed under the applicable construc- celain, or stoneware receptacles.
tion requirements prescribed in (a) The following are identification
§ 178.509(b) (1) through (7) of this sub- codes for composite packagings with
part. inner receptacles of glass, porcelain, or
(2) The inner plastic receptacle must stoneware:
fit snugly inside the outer packaging, (1) 6PA1 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
which must be free of any projections ware receptacles within a protective
which may abrade the plastic material. steel drum;
(3) Outer packagings must be con- (2) 6PA2 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
structed as follows: ware receptacles within a protective
(i) 6HA1 or 6HB1: Protective pack- steel crate or box;
aging must conform to the require- (3) 6PB1 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
ments for steel drums in § 178.504(b) of ware receptacles within a protective
this subpart, or aluminum drums in aluminum drum;
§ 178.505(b) of this subpart.
(4) 6PB2 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
(ii) 6HA2 or 6HB2: Protective pack-
ware receptacles within a protective
agings with steel or aluminum crate
aluminum crate or box;
must conform to the requirements for
(5) 6PC for glass, porcelain, or stone-
steel or aluminum boxes found in
ware receptacles within a protective
§ 178.512(b) of this subpart.
wooden box;
(iii) 6HC protective packaging must
conform to the requirements for wood- (6) 6PD1 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
en boxes in § 178.513(b) of this subpart. ware receptacles within a protective
(iv) 6HD1: Protective packaging must plywood drum;
conform to the requirements for ply- (7) 6PD2 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
wood drums, in § 178.507(b) of this sub- ware receptacles within a protective
part. wickerwork hamper;
(v) 6HD2: Protective packaging must (8) 6PG1 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
conform to the requirements of ply- ware receptacles within a protective
wood boxes, in § 178.514(b) of this sub- fiber drum;
part. (9) 6PG2 for glass, porcelain, or stone-
(vi) 6HG1: Protective packaging must ware receptacles within a protective fi-
conform to the requirements for fiber berboard box;
drums, in § 178.508(b) of this subpart. (10) 6PH1 for glass, porcelain, or
(vii) 6HG2: protective packaging stoneware receptacles within a protec-
must conform to the requirements for tive expanded plastic packaging; and
fiberboard boxes, in § 178.516(b) of this (11) 6PH2 for glass, porcelain, or
subpart. stoneware receptacles within a protec-
(viii) 6HH1: Protective packaging tive solid plastic packaging.
must conform to the requirements for (b) Construction requirements for
plastic drums, in § 178.509(b). composite packagings with inner re-
(ix) 6HH2: Protective packaging must ceptacles of glass, porcelain, or stone-
conform to the requirements for plastic ware are as follows:
boxes, in § 178.517(b). (1) Inner receptacles must conform to
(4) Maximum capacity of inner recep- the following requirements:
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR

tacles is as follows: 6HA1, 6HB1, 6HD1, (i) Receptacles must be of suitable

6HG1, 6HH1—250 L (66 gallons); 6HA2, form (cylindrical or pear-shaped), be
6HB2, 6HC, 6HD2, 6HG2, 6HH2—60 L (16 made of good quality materials free
gallons). from any defect that could impair their

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 § 178.600 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–11 Edition)

strength, and be firmly secured in the (ix) For receptacles with protective
outer packaging. fiberboard box 6PG2, the requirements
(ii) Any part of a closure likely to of § 178.516(b) of this subpart apply to
come into contact with the contents of the protective packaging.
the receptacle must be resistant to (x) For receptacles with protective
those contents. Closures must be fitted solid plastic or expanded plastic pack-
so as to be leakproof and secured to aging 6PH1 or 6PH2, the requirements
prevent any loosening during transpor- of § 178.517(b) of this subpart apply to
tation. Vented closures must conform the protective packaging. Solid protec-
to § 173.24(f) of this subchapter. tive plastic packaging must be manu-
(2) Protective packagings must con- factured from high-density poly-
form to the following requirements: ethylene from some other comparable
(i) For receptacles with protective plastic material. The removable lid re-
steel drum 6PAl, the drum must com- quired for this type of packaging may
ply with § 178.504(b) of this subpart. be a cap.
However, the removable lid required (3) Quantity limitations are as fol-
for this type of packaging may be in lows:
the form of a cap. (i) Maximum net capacity for pack-
(ii) For receptacles with protective aging for liquids: 60 L (16 gallons).
packaging of steel crate or steel box (ii) Maximum net mass for pack-
6PA2, the protective packaging must agings for solids: 75 kg (165 pounds).
conform to the following:
(A) Section 178.512(b) of this subpart. Subpart M—Testing of Non-bulk
(B) In the case of cylindrical recep- Packagings and Packages
tacles, the protective packaging must,
when upright, rise above the receptacle
and its closure; and SOURCE: Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52723, Dec. 21,
1990, unless otherwise noted.
(C) If the protective crate surrounds
a pear-shaped receptacle and is of § 178.600 Purpose and scope.
matching shape, the protective pack-
aging must be fitted with a protective This subpart prescribes certain test-
cover (cap). ing requirements for performance-ori-
(iii) For receptacles with protective ented packagings identified in subpart
aluminum drum 6PB1, the require- L of this part.
ments of § 178.505(b) of this subpart [Amdt. 178–97, 55 FR 52717, Dec. 21, 1990, and
apply to the protective packaging. amended by Amdt. 178–99, 58 FR 51534, Oct. 1,
(iv) For receptacles with protective 1993]
aluminum box or crate 6PB2, the re-
quirements of § 178.512(b) of this sub- § 178.601 General requirements.
part apply to the protective packaging. (a) General. The test procedures pre-
(v) For receptacles with protective scribed in this subpart are intended to
wooden box 6PC, the requirements of ensure that packages containing haz-
§ 178.513(b) of this subpart apply to the ardous materials can withstand normal
protective packaging. conditions of transportation and are
(vi) For receptacles with protective considered minimum requirements.
plywood drum 6PD1, the requirements Each packaging must be manufactured
of § 178.507(b) of this subpart apply to and assembled so as to be capable of
the protective packaging. successfully passing the prescribed
(vii) For receptacles with protective tests and of conforming to the require-
wickerwork hamper 6PD2, the ments of § 173.24 of this subchapter at
wickerwork hamper must be properly all times while in transportation.
made with material of good quality. (b) Responsibility. It is the responsi-
The hamper must be fitted with a pro- bility of the packaging manufacturer
tective cover (cap) so as to prevent to assure that each package is capable
damage to the receptacle. of passing the prescribed tests. To the
wreier-aviles on DSK3TPTVN1PROD with CFR

(viii) For receptacles with protective extent that a package assembly func-
fiber drum 6PG1, the drum must con- tion, including final closure, is per-
form to the requirements of § 178.508(b) formed by the person who offers a haz-
of this subpart. ardous material for transportation,

210

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