User Guide for ATO Manuals

10. Cross reference table

The suggested distribution below maybe used to prepare and produce an ATO Part ORA documentation system.

In all cases this table shall be used by a Part-ORA ATO to cross reference the content and the organisation of its manuals with those Part ORA requirements applicable to its
scope of approval as appropriate to its size and complexity. The “ATO Doc Ref” column shall be filled accordingly. No cell shall be left empty. If not applicable the “ATO Doc
Ref” cell related to the “Part ORA ref” shall contain an “N/A” entry. The requirements marked N/R in the table are not to be considered.

Note FOR CAA USE ONLY

Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

1. ORA.GEN.115 X Documentation demonstrating how the ATO

(b) will comply with the requirements established
in Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its
Implementing Rules: Cross reference table to
demonstrate that all applicable requirements
are covered in one way or another by the
proposed documents.

Procedure describing how changes not

requiring prior approval will be managed and
notified to the competent authority: Formal
description of the procedure and related
process

(see also ORA.GEN.130 (c))

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

2. ORA.GEN.120 X Cross reference table referred to in the note of

(a) item 1 of this table related to ORA.GEN.115 (b)
shall include all applicable AMCs and GM
implemented by ATO
3. ORA.GEN.120 X Description of related process/procedures to
(b) meet the requirement

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Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

4. ORA.GEN.125 X In case the organisation is approved under

multiple regulation systems (Own National
Regulation, EU Part-ORA, other Third Country
National Regulations ...) the ATO shall have a
process described and implemented to ensure
that activities under the scope of Part-ORA
approval are clearly identified and
distinguished from other activities conducted
under other approval systems. The manual
shall indicate how these activities are related to
different independent processes. Any potential
uncertainty between activities conducted
under different approvals shall be identified
and addressed so that the approved training
remains continuously within the scope and
privileges defined in the terms of approval
attached to the organisation’s Part-ORA
certificate.
Example: Delivering a Part FCL course
completion certificate related to a course for a
licence, rating, certificate, authorisation and/or
qualification out of the scope of the
organisation’s LVCAA Part-ORA approval (Such
as a course for a licence not compliant with
Part FCL regulation) shall be efficiently
prevented

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

5. ORA.GEN.130 X A process for making personnel aware of this

(a)(1) part of the requirement shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e)
6. ORA.GEN.130 X A process for making personnel aware of this
(a)(2) part of the requirement shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e)
7. ORA.GEN.130 X Description of related process/procedures to
(b) meet the requirement
8. ORA.GEN.130 X Description of related process/procedures to
(c) meet the requirement
9. ORA.GEN.135 X Description of related process/procedures to
(a)(3) meet the requirement
10. ORA.GEN.135 X Description of related process/procedures to
(b) meet the requirement

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

11. ORA.GEN.140 X A process for making personnel aware of this

(a) part of the requirement shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e).
Confirmation that there is no restricted access
resulting from special local regulation(s). If
special procedures are needed to access
restricted areas, the process to grant access in
compliance with ORA.GEN.140 shall be
described and implemented.
Failure to give LVCAA (or the entity conducting
the technical investigation e.g. EASA) access to
the organisation's facilities as defined in
ORA.GEN.140 during normal operating hours
and after two written requests may result in a
level 1 finding as provided by ARA.GEN.350 (b)
(1)
12. ORA.GEN.140 When applicable, the ATO will be informed to
(b) enable the organisation to address this
requirement as indicated in ORA.GEN.140 (a)
13. ORA.GEN.155 X Shall be part of the compliance monitoring
(a) required by ORA.GEN.200 (a)(6)
Shall be included in cross reference table
referred to in the note of item 1 of this table
related to ORA.GEN.115 (b)

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

14. ORA.GEN.155 X Shall be part of the compliance monitoring

(b) required by ORA.GEN.200 (a)(6)
Shall be included in the cross reference table
referred to in the note of item 1 of this table
related to ORA.GEN.115 (b)
15. ORA.GEN.160 X Description of related process/procedures to
(a) meet the requirement
A process for making personnel aware of their
roles and responsibilities shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e)
16. ORA.GEN.160 X Description of related process/procedures to
(b) meet the requirement
A process for making personnel aware of their
roles and responsibilities shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e)
17. ORA.GEN.160 X Description of related process/procedures to
(c) meet the requirement
A process for making personnel aware of their
roles and responsibilities shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e)

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

18. ORA.GEN.160 X Description of related process/procedures to

(d) meet the requirement
A process for making personnel aware of their
roles and responsibilities shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e)
19. ORA.GEN.160 X Description of related process/procedures to
(e) meet the requirement
A process for making personnel aware of their
roles and responsibilities shall be described and
implemented in accordance with ORA.GEN.200
(a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and ORA.GEN.210
(e)
20. ORA.GEN.200 X
(a)(1)
21. ORA.GEN.200 X
(a)(2)
22. ORA.GEN.200 X
(a)(3)
23. ORA.GEN.200 X
(a)(4)
24. ORA.GEN.200 X Management system key processes shall be
(a)(5) clearly identified and listed in cross reference
table referred to in the note of item 1 of this
table related to ORA.GEN.115 (b)

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

25. ORA.GEN.200 X
(a)(6)
26. ORA.GEN.200 X The ATO shall consider relevant AMCs and GM
(a)(7) related to the evidence of sufficient funding as
an additional requirement
27. ORA.GEN.200 X Taking into account the hazards and associated
(b) risks inherent in these activities: Shall be
demonstrated according to ORA.GEN.200 (a)(3)
28. ORA.GEN.205 X Description of related process/procedures to
(a) meet the requirement
29. ORA.GEN.205 X Description of related process/procedures to
(b) meet the requirement
30. ORA.GEN.210 X
(a)
31. ORA.GEN.210 X The compliance monitoring system shall be
(b) described including the list, the role and the
responsibilities of each individual, be it one
single person or a group
32. ORA.GEN.210 X Description of related process/procedures to
(c) meet the requirement
33. ORA.GEN.210 X
(d)
34. ORA.GEN.210 X This requirement shall be part of the document
(e) control process as described in paragraph 4
page 5

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

35. ORA.GEN.215 x/p x/p x/p Description of related process/procedures to

meet the requirement
List of such facilities with related characteristics
and scope of use (to be included in OM or TRM
as appropriate).
36. ORA.GEN.220 X
(a)
37. ORA.GEN.220 X
(b)
38. ORA.GEN.220 X Applicable data protection legislation shall be
(c) stated and personnel made aware of their roles
and responsibilities in accordance with
ORA.GEN.200 (a)(4), ORA.GEN.200 (a)(5) and
ORA.GEN.210 (e)
A process to inform trainees shall be described
and implemented
39. ORA.ATO.105 X Should match the information provided in the
(a)(1)(i) Application From

40. ORA.ATO.105 X Should match the information provided in the

(a)(1)(ii) Application From

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

41. ORA.ATO.105 x/p x/p x/p Should match the information provided in the
(a)(1)(iii) Application From
Nominated post holders, qualifications
requirements, training requirements and
administrative roles can be described in the
OMM.
Functions, roles and responsibilities related to
operations and training can be described in
OM and TRM respectively
See for example: ORA.ATO.110 (a),
ORA.ATO.110 (b)(1), ORA.ATO.110 (b)(2),
ORA.ATO.110 (b)(3), ORA.ATO.110 (c)(1),
ORA.ATO.110 (c)(2) below
42. ORA.ATO.105 x/or x/or x/or Should match the information provided in the
(a)(1)(iv) Application From.
When providing flight training on aircraft or
balloons, an ATO shall have continuous use of
an airport and a pilot briefing area. This can be
demonstrated by the school having a written
agreement showing that it has continuous use
of those facilities for at least the time needed
to complete the training courses covered by
the approval at the time of certification or
renewal of certificate.

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

43. ORA.ATO.105 X Should match the information provided in the

(a)(1)(v) Application From.
If a training aircraft is not own by the PTO,
details of the contracts or arrangements
related to its use for training and all related
processes and procedures shall be
documented
44. ORA.ATO.105 x/or x/or x/or Should match the information provided in the
(a)(1)(vi) Application From.
If FSTDs are not owned by the PTO, details of
the contracts or arrangements related to its use
for training and all related processes and
procedures shall be documented

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

45. ORA.ATO.105 X Courses to be provided under the scope of the

(a)(1)(vii) LVCAA Part-ORA approval sought, shall be
indicated so that:
 The course name or identifier is
unique for each course but also
unique for each different version of
the same course (if any). Similar
courses with different syllabuses or
entry levels, different breakdown or
sequencing of the
theoretical/flight/simulator sessions,
are to be considered different.
 The course FCL type indicated refers
to a Part-FCL course as identified by
the relevant requirement in Aircrew
regulation 1178/2011 as amended.
Examples:
 Course name or ref. .................... PPL-
08V001b;
For a course according to ........... PPL(A)
FCL.210.A(b)
Indicating a PPL(A) course for .....
trainees holding a LAPL(A)

 Course name or ref. ................... PPL-

09V002;
For a course according to ........... PPL(A)
FCL.210.A(c)
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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant
Indicating a PPL(A) course for .... trainees
holding a LAPL(S)+TMG

 Course name or ref. .................. ATPL-

A1/05
For a course according to .......... ATPL(A)
Part-FCL Annex I §3.1
Indicating an ATPL theoretical ... bridge
course from (H) to (A)

 Course name or ref. .................. ATPL-

H2/01
For a course according to .......... ATPL(H)
Part-FCL Annex I §3.1
Indicating an ATPL theoretical ... bridge
course from (A) to (H)

This list of courses must match the

information provided in the Application Form

46. ORA.ATO.105 X X Manuals to be provided for initial approval and

(a)(2) reviewed for approval continuation.
These manuals shall be submitted to the
document control process described in
paragraph 4 page 4
47. ORA.ATO.105 x/or x/or x/or See note related to item 42 for ORA.ATO.105
(b)(1) (a)(1)(iv) page 20

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

48. ORA.ATO.105 x/or x/or x/or

(b)(2)
49. ORA.ATO.105 x/or x/or x/or The related document(s) shall be updated
(c) accordingly
50. ORA.ATO.110 X See note related to item 41 for ORA.ATO.105
(a) (a)(1)(iii) page 20
51. ORA.ATO.110 X See note related to item 41 for ORA.ATO.105
(b)(1) (a)(1)(iii) page 20
52. ORA.ATO.110 X See note related to item 41 for ORA.ATO.105
(b)(2) (a)(1)(iii) page 20
53. ORA.ATO.110 X See note related to item 41 for ORA.ATO.105
(b)(3) (a)(1)(iii) page 20
54. ORA.ATO.110 X See note related to item 41 for ORA.ATO.105
(c)(1) (a)(1)(iii) page 20
For each instructor the documents provided
shall indicate which option of ORA.ATO.110 (c)
applies
55. ORA.ATO.110 X See note related to item 41 for ORA.ATO.105
(c)(2) (a)(1)(iii) page 20
For each instructor the documents provided
shall indicate which option of ORA.ATO.110 (c)
applies
56. ORA.ATO.110 X Description of related process/procedures to
(d) meet the requirement
57. ORA.ATO.120 X Description of related process/procedures to
(a) meet the requirement

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

58. ORA.ATO.120 X Description of related process/procedures to

(b) meet the requirement
59. ORA.ATO.120 X Description of related process/procedures to
(c) meet the requirement

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Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

60. ORA.ATO.125 X The organisation is expected to describe and

(a) implement a course design process to
demonstrate its capacity to develop a training
programme for each course offered. The
organisation should be able to address
following aspects (as applicable):
 Course type (initial training / recurrent
training / refresher training / specific
training, …)
 Course objectives
 Entry level criteria / Students’ prior
abilities, competence, knowledge &
skill / determination / assessment
 Identification of training needs of all
potential trainees / group of profiles …
 Instructional strategies / Training
methodology / Course Structure /
Syllabus / Sequencing / Timing
 Objective breakdown/ Module
specification / design
 Training material specification / design
/ production / procurement
 Planning / calendar / course pace
 Training standards
 Training delivery / Resources /
Equipment / Facilities
 Instructors / Subject Matter Experts /

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant
Examiners / Assessors / Tutors /
Human resources
 Knowledge progress assessment /
Attitude / Skill / evaluation / criteria
 Hazard Identification / analysis /
negative learning / undetected
shortages in training provided /
Human factors / Fatigue
management / ...
 Risk mitigation and management /
flight safety / …
 Course validation / control
 Course updating (new methods /
changes in regulation)
 Continued performance monitoring
and improvement …
61. ORA.ATO.125 X The cross reference table referred to in the
(b) note of item 1 of this table related to
ORA.GEN.115 (b) shall include all applicable
Part-FCL/Part-21 and related AMC/GM
relevant to the scope of approval of the ATO.
A separate cross reference table including all
applicable Part-FCL/Part-21 and related
AMC/GM relevant to the scope of approval of
the ATO is acceptable if it is clearly identified
as part of the organisation's documentation
system

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

62. ORA.ATO.130 x/p x/p x/p The OMM shall contain a description of related
(a) management process/procedures to meet the
requirement.
This requirement shall be part of the document
control process as described in paragraph 4
page 4
The OM and the TRM shall comply with the
format, the identification, the validation, the
distribution and any additional requirements
established in the OMM for each manual.
63. ORA.ATO.130 x/p x/p x/p The OMM shall contain a description of
(b) related management process/procedures to
meet the requirement.
This requirement shall be part of the
document control process as described in
paragraph 4 page 4
The OM and the TRM shall comply with the
format, the identification, the validation, the
distribution and any additional requirements
established in the OMM for each manual.

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

64. ORA.ATO.130 The cross reference table referred to in the

(c) note of item 1 of this table related to
ORA.GEN.115 (b) shall include all applicable
Part-FCL/Part-21 and related AMC/GM relevant
to the scope of approval of the ATO.
A separate cross reference table including all
applicable Part-FCL/Part-21 and related
AMC/GM relevant to the scope of approval of
the ATO is acceptable if it is clearly identified as
part of the organisation's documentation
system

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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

65. ORA.ATO.130 Description of related process/procedures to

(d) meet the requirement
Note: Before entry into force of Part ORO,
Regulation (EC) No 859/2008 of 20 August 2008
applies (particularly subpart Q)
A PTO is expected to develop procedures and
implement processes related to fatigue
management based on the principles of safety
management so that the risks associated with
fatigue of trainees and/or instructors do not
negatively impact flight safety during training
or result in training deficiencies creating latent
conditions with the potential to breach aviation
system defences (well after the pilot has
finished his training).
ICAO Doc 9966 provides guidance for the
implementation of Fatigue Risk Management
Systems and may be used to adapt the system
to the size and complexity of the PTO.
66. ORA.ATO.135 x/or x/or x/or See note for ORA.ATO.105 (a)(1)(v)
(a) The process ensuring and maintaining
adequacy shall be described, implemented and
monitored.
67. ORA.ATO.135 X Additional guidance is provided in LVCAA PEL
(b)(1) User Approval Procedure
LVA/TGL_FSTD/2011/002 (as amended)
68. ORA.ATO.135 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (b)
(b)(2)
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Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

69. ORA.ATO.135 x/or x/or x/or See note for ORA.ATO.105 (a)(1)(vi)
(b)(3) The process ensuring and maintaining
adequacy shall be described, implemented and
monitored
Additional guidance is provided in LVCAA PEL
User Approval Procedure
LVA/TGL_FSTD/2011/002 (as amended)
70. ORA.ATO.135 x/or x/or x/or See note for ORA.ATO.105 (a)(1)(vi)
(b)(4) The process ensuring and maintaining
adequacy shall be described, implemented and
monitored
Additional guidance is provided in LVCAA PEL
User Approval Procedure
LVA/TGL_FSTD/2011/002 (as amended)
71. ORA.ATO.135 X Description of related process/procedures to
(c) meet the requirement
72. ORA.ATO.135 X Description of related process/procedures to
(d) meet the requirement
73. ORA.ATO.140 x/p x/p See note for ORA.ATO.105 (a)(1)(iv)
The operational information and procedure
shall be described in the OM
The process ensuring and maintaining
adequacy shall be described in the OMM,
implemented and monitored
74. ORA.ATO.145 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (b)
(a) The process ensuring and maintaining
compliance with the requirement shall be
described, implemented and monitored
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Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

75. ORA.ATO.145 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (b)

(b) The process ensuring and maintaining
compliance with the requirement shall be
described, implemented and monitored
76. ORA.ATO.150 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (a)
(a)
77. ORA.ATO.150 X this information shall also be provided to
(b) trainees
78. ORA.ATO.210 X See note for ORA.ATO.105 (a)(1)(iii)
(a)
79. ORA.ATO.210 x/p x/p See note for ORA.ATO.105 (a)(1)(iii)
(b)
80. ORA.ATO.210 x/p x/p See note for ORA.ATO.105 (a)(1)(iii)
(c)
81. ORA.ATO.225 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (a)
(a)
82. ORA.ATO.225 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (a)
(b)
83. ORA.ATO.230 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (a)
(a)
84. ORA.ATO.230 X See note for ORA.ATO.130 (b)
(b)
85. ORA.ATO.300 X
(a)
86. ORA.ATO.300 X
(b)

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Content Notes
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87. ORA.ATO.300 X
(c)
88. ORA.ATO.305 X
(a)
89. ORA.ATO.305 X
(b)
90. ORA.ATO.305 X
(c)
91. ORA.ATO.310 X
92. ORA.ATO.330 X Commercial air transport operators shall hold
(a) an EU AOC
93. ORA.ATO.330 X
(b)
94. ORA.ATO.330 X
(c)
95. ORA.ATO.335 X Additional guidance is provided in LVCAA PEL
(a) User Approval Procedure
LVA/TGL_FSTD/2011/002 (as amended)
96. ORA.ATO.335 X Additional guidance is provided in LVCAA PEL
(b) User Approval Procedure
LVA/TGL_FSTD/2011/002 (as amended)
97. ORA.ATO.350 X Commercial air transport operators shall hold
an EU AOC
98. ORA.ATO.355 X See note for ORA.ATO.125 (b)
(a)(1)
99. ORA.ATO.355 X
(a)(2)

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Note FOR CAA USE ONLY

Item Part ORA Ref ATO Doc Ref Suggested distribution
Content Notes
ID N/R OMM OM TRM Included Compliant

100. ORA.ATO.355 X
(b)
X: applicable
x/p: partly applicable
x/or: applicable, either option can be considered

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11 Regulatory References:
(note: references in this section may have limited or no relevance in some circumstances and to some organisations. It is the responsibility of
the Head of Training to ensure that all applicable requirements are complied with in full. Be aware that the list contained here is not
exhaustive and is intended only as an aid to assist in the preparation of documentation in accordance with Part ORA requirements.)

ORA.GEN.115 Application for an organisation certificate Back to Table Point 1

(b) Applicants for an initial certificate shall provide the competent authority with documentation demonstrating how they will comply with the requirements established in Regulation (EC) No 216/2008
and its Implementing Rules. Such documentation shall include a procedure describing how changes not requiring prior approval will be managed and notified to the competent authority.

ORA.GEN.120 Means of compliance Back to Table Point 2, 3

(a) Alternative means of compliance to the AMC adopted by the Agency may be used by an organisation to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules.
(b) When an organisation wishes to use an alternative means of compliance, it shall, prior to implementing it, provide the competent authority with a full description of the alternative means of compliance.
The description shall include any revisions to manuals or procedures that may be relevant, as well as an assessment demonstrating that Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules are met.
The organisation may implement these alternative means of compliance subject to prior approval by the competent authority and upon receipt of the notification as prescribed in ARA.GEN.120(d).

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.120(a)

ORA.GEN.125 Terms of approval and privileges of an organisation Back to Table Point 4

A certified organisation shall comply with the scope and privileges defined in the terms of approval attached to the organisation’s certificate.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.125

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ORA.GEN.130 Changes to organisations Back to Table Point 6, 7, 8

(a) Any change affecting:

(1) the scope of the certificate or the terms of approval of an organisation; or
(2) any of the elements of the organisation’s management system as required in ORA.GEN.200(a)(1) and (a)(2),

shall require prior approval by the competent authority.

(b) For any changes requiring prior approval in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules, the organisation shall apply for and obtain an approval issued by the competent
authority. The application shall be submitted before any such change takes place, in order to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its
Implementing Rules and to amend, if necessary, the organisation certificate and related terms of approval attached to it.
The organisation shall provide the competent authority with any relevant documentation.
The change shall only be implemented upon receipt of formal approval by the competent authority in accordance with ARA.GEN.330.
The organisation shall operate under the conditions prescribed by the competent authority during such changes, as applicable.

(c) All changes not requiring prior approval shall be managed and notified to the competent authority as defined in the procedure approved by the competent authority in accordance with
ARA.GEN.310(c).

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.130, GM1 ORA.GEN.130(a), GM2 ORA.GEN.130(a)

ORA.GEN.135 Continued validity Back to Table Point 9, 10

(a) The organisation’s certificate shall remain valid subject to:

.....

(3) the certificate not being surrendered or revoked.

(b) Upon revocation or surrender the certificate shall be returned to the competent authority without delay.

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ORA.GEN.140 Access Back to Table Point 11, 12

For the purpose of determining compliance with the relevant requirements of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules, the organisation shall grant access to any facility, aircraft,
document, records, data, procedures or any other material relevant to its activity subject to certification, whether it is contracted or not, to any person authorised by:
(a) the competent authority defined in ORA.GEN.105; or
(b) the authority acting under the provisions of ARA.GEN.300(d), ARA.GEN.300(e) or ARO.RAMP.

ORA.GEN.155 Immediate reaction to a safety problem Back to Table Point 13, 14

The organisation shall implement:

(a) any safety measures mandated by the competent authority in accordance with ARA.GEN.135(c); and
(b) any relevant mandatory safety information issued by the Agency, including airworthiness directives.

ORA.GEN.160 Occurrence reporting Back to Table Point 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

(a) The organisation shall report to the competent authority, and to any other organisation required by the State of the operator to be informed, any accident, serious incident and occurrence as defined in
Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 1 ) and Directive 2003/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 2 ).
(b) Without prejudice to paragraph (a) the organisation shall report to the competent authority and to the organisation responsible for the design of the aircraft any incident, malfunction, technical defect,
exceeding of technical limitations, occurrence that would highlight inaccurate, incomplete or ambiguous information contained in data established in accordance with Part-21 or other irregular
circumstance that has or may have endangered the safe operation of the aircraft and that has not resulted in an accident or serious incident.
(c) Without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 996/2010, Directive 2003/42/EC, Commission Regulation (EC) No 1321/2007 ( 3 ) and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1330/2007 ( 4 ), the reports referred in
paragraphs (a) and (b) shall be made in a form and manner established by the competent authority and contain all pertinent information about the condition known to the organisation.
(d) Reports shall be made as soon as practicable, but in any case within 72 hours of the organisation identifying the condition to which the report relates, unless exceptional circumstances prevent this.
(e) Where relevant, the organisation shall produce a follow-up report to provide details of actions it intends to take to prevent similar occurrences in the future, as soon as these actions have been identified.
This report shall be produced in a form and manner established by the competent authority.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.160

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ORA.GEN.200 Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27

(a) The organisation shall establish, implement and maintain a management system that includes:
(1) clearly defined lines of responsibility and accountability throughout the organisation, including a direct safety accountability of the accountable manager;
(2) a description of the overall philosophies and principles of the organisation with regard to safety, referred to as the safety policy;
(3) the identification of aviation safety hazards entailed by the activities of the organisation, their evaluation and the management of associated risks, including taking actions to mitigate the risk
and verify their effectiveness;
(4) maintaining personnel trained and competent to perform their tasks;
(5) documentation of all management system key processes, including a process for making personnel aware of their responsibilities and the procedure for amending this documentation;
(6) a function to monitor compliance of the organisation with the relevant requirements. Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback system of findings to the accountable manager to ensure
effective implementation of corrective actions as necessary; and
(7) any additional requirements that are prescribed in the relevant subparts of this Part or other applicable Parts.
(b) The management system shall correspond to the size of the organisation and the nature and complexity of its activities, taking into account the hazards and associated risks inherent in these activities.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1);(2);(3);(5), AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1), GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1), GM2 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1), AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(2), GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(2),
AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(3), GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(3), AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(4), GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(4), AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(5), GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(5),
AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(5), AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6), GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6), GM2 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6), GM3 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6), AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(b),

ORA.GEN.205 Contracted activities Back to Table Point 28, 29

(a) Contracted activities include all activities within the organisation’s scope of approval that are performed by another organisation either itself certified to carry out such activity or if not certified,
working under the contracting organisation’s approval. The organisation shall ensure that when contracting or purchasing any part of its activity, the contracted or purchased service or product conforms to
the applicable requirements.
(b) When the certified organisation contracts any part of its activity to an organisation that is not itself certified in accordance with this Part to carry out such activity, the contracted organisation shall work
under the approval of the contracting organisation. The contracting organisation shall ensure that the competent authority is given access to the contracted organisation, to determine continued compliance
with the applicable requirements.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.205

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ORA.GEN.210 Personnel requirements Back to Table Point 30, 31, 32, 33, 34

(a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager, who has the authority for ensuring that all activities can be financed and carried out in accordance with the applicable requirements. The
accountable manager shall be responsible for establishing and maintaining an effective management system.
(b) A person or group of persons shall be nominated by the organisation, with the responsibility of ensuring that the organisation remains in compliance with the applicable requirements. Such person(s)
shall be ultimately responsible to the accountable manager.
(c) The organisation shall have sufficient qualified personnel for the planned tasks and activities to be performed in accordance with the applicable requirements.
(d) The organisation shall maintain appropriate experience, qualification and training records to show compliance with paragraph (c).
(e) The organisation shall ensure that all personnel are aware of the rules and procedures relevant to the exercise of their duties.

ORA.GEN.215 Facility requirements Back to Table Point 35

The organisation shall have facilities allowing the performance and management of all planned tasks and activities in accordance with the applicable requirements.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.215, AMC2 ORA.GEN.215

ORA.GEN.220 Record-keeping Back to Table Point 36, 37, 38

(a) The organisation shall establish a system of record–keeping that allows adequate storage and reliable traceability of all activities developed, covering in particular all the elements indicated in
ORA.GEN.200.
(b) The format of the records shall be specified in the organisation’s procedures.
(c) Records shall be stored in a manner that ensures protection from damage, alteration and theft.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.GEN.220(b), GM1 ORA.GEN.220(b)

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ORA.ATO.105 Application Back to Table Point 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49

(a) Applicants for the issue of a certificate as an approved training organisation (ATO) shall provide the competent authority with:
(1) the following information:
(i) name and address of the training organisation;
(ii) date of intended commencement of activity;
(iii) personal details and qualifications of the head of training (HT), the flight instructor(s), flight simulation training instructors and the theoretical knowledge instructor(s);
(iv) name(s) and address(es) of the aerodromes(s) and/or operating site(s) at which the training is to be conducted;
(v) list of aircraft to be operated for training, including their group, class or type, registration, owners and category of the certificate of airworthiness, if applicable
(vi) list of flight simulation training devices (FSTDs) that the training organisation intends to use, if applicable;
(vii) the type of training that the training organisation wishes to provide and the corresponding training programme; and
(2) the operations and training manuals.
(b) Flight test training organisations. Notwithstanding (a)(1)(iv) and (v), training organisations providing flight test training shall only need to provide:
(1) the name(s) and address(es) of the main aerodromes and/or operating site(s) at which the training is to be conducted; and
(2) a list of the types or categories of aircraft to be used for flight test training.
(c) In the case of a change to the certificate, applicants shall provide the competent authority with the relevant parts of the information and documentation referred to in (a).

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.105

ORA.ATO.110 Personnel requirements Back to Table Point 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56

(a) An HT shall be nominated. The HT shall have extensive experience as an instructor in the areas relevant for the training provided by the ATO and shall possess sound managerial capability.
(b) The HT’s responsibilities shall include:
(1) ensuring that the training provided is in compliance with Part-FCL and, in the case of flight test training, that the relevant requirements of Part-21 and the training programme have been
established;
(2) ensuring the satisfactory integration of flight training in an aircraft or a flight simulation training device (FSTD) and theoretical knowledge instruction; and
(3) supervising the progress of individual students.
(c) Theoretical knowledge instructors shall have:
(1) practical background in aviation in the areas relevant for the training provided and have undergone a course of training in instructional techniques; or

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(2) previous experience in giving theoretical knowledge instruction and an appropriate theoretical background in the subject on which they will provide theoretical knowledge instruction.
(d) Flight instructors and flight simulation training instructors shall hold the qualifications required by Part-FCL for the type of training that they are providing.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.110(b), AMC1 ORA.ATO.110(c),

ORA.ATO.120 Record-keeping Back to Table Point 57, 58, 59

The following records shall be kept for a period of at least 3 years after the completion of the training:

(a) details of ground, flight, and simulated flight training given to individual students;
(b) detailed and regular progress reports from instructors including assessments, and regular progress flight tests and ground examinations; and
(c) information on the licences and associated ratings and certificates of the students, including the expiry dates of medical certificates and ratings.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.120(a);(b)

ORA.ATO.125 Training programme Back to Table Point 60, 61

(a) A training programme shall be developed for each type of course offered.
(b) The training programme shall comply with the requirements of Part-FCL and, in the case of flight test training, the relevant requirements of Part-21.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.125, AMC2 ORA.ATO.125, AMC3 ORA.ATO.125, AMC4 ORA.ATO.125

ORA.ATO.130 Training manual and operations manual Back to Table Point 62, 63, 64, 65

(a) The ATO shall establish and maintain a training manual and operations manual containing information and instructions to enable personnel to perform their duties and to give guidance to students on
how to comply with course requirements.
(b) The ATO shall make available to staff and, where appropriate, to students the information contained in the training manual, the operations manual and the ATO’s approval documentation.
(c) In the case of ATOs providing flight test training, the operations manual shall comply with the requirements for the flight test operations manual, as established in Part-21.

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(d) The operations manual shall establish flight time limitation schemes for flight instructors, including the maximum flying hours, maximum flying duty hours and minimum rest time between
instructional duties in accordance with Part- ORO.

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ORA.ATO.135 Training aircraft and FSTDs Back to Table Point 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72

(a) The ATO shall use an adequate fleet of training aircraft or FSTDs appropriate to the courses of training provided.
(b) The ATO shall only provide training in FSTDs when it demonstrates to the competent authority:
(1) the adequacy between the FSTD specifications and the related training programme;
(2) that the FSTDs used comply with the relevant requirements of Part-FCL;
(3) in the case of full flight simulators (FFSs), that the FFS adequately represents the relevant type of aircraft; and
(4) that it has put in place a system to adequately monitor changes to the FSTD and to ensure that those changes do not affect the adequacy of the training programme.
(c) If the aircraft used for the skill test is of a different type to the FFS used for the visual flight training, the maximum credit shall be limited to that allocated for flight and navigation procedures trainer II
(FNPT II) for aeroplanes and FNPT II/III for helicopters in the relevant flight training programme.
(d) Flight test training organisations. Aircraft used for flight test training shall be appropriately equipped with flight testing instrumentation, according to the purpose of the training.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.135

ORA.ATO.140 Aerodromes and operating sites Back to Table Point 73

When providing flight training on an aircraft, the ATO shall use aerodromes or operating sites that have the appropriate facilities and characteristics to allow training of the manoeuvres relevant, taking into
account the training provided and the category and type of aircraft used.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.140

ORA.ATO.145 Pre-requisites for training Back to Table Point 74, 75

(a) The ATO shall ensure that the students meet all the pre-requisites for training established in Part-Medical, Part-FCL, and, if applicable, as defined in the data established in accordance with Part-21.
(b) In the case of ATOs providing flight test training, the students shall meet all the pre-requisites for training established in Part-21.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.145

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ORA.ATO.150 Training in third countries Back to Table Point 76, 77

When the ATO is approved to provide training for the instrument rating (IR) in third countries:
(a) the training programme shall include acclimatisation flying in one of the Member States before the IR skill test is taken; and
(b) the IR skill test shall be taken in one of the Member States.

ORA.ATO.210 Personnel requirements Back to Table Point 78, 79, 80

(a) Head of training (HT). Except in the case of ATOs providing flight test training, the nominated HT shall have extensive experience in training as an instructor for professional pilot licences and
associated ratings or certificates.
(b) Chief flight instructor (CFI). The ATO providing flight instruction shall nominate a CFI who shall be responsible for the supervision of flight and flight simulation training instructors and for the
standardisation of all flight instruction and flight simulation instruction. The CFI shall hold the highest professional pilot licence and associated ratings related to the flight training courses conducted and
hold an instructor certificate with the privilege to instruct for at least one of the training courses provided.
(c) Chief theoretical knowledge instructor (CTKI). The ATO providing theoretical knowledge instruction shall nominate a CTKI who shall be responsible for the supervision of all theoretical knowledge
instructors and for the standardisation of all theoretical knowledge instruction. The CTKI shall have extensive experience as a theoretical knowledge instructor in the areas relevant for the training provided
by the ATO.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.210, AMC2 ORA.ATO.210,

ORA.ATO.225 Training programme Back to Table Point 81, 82

(a) The training programme shall include a breakdown of flight and theoretical knowledge instruction, presented in a week-by-week or phase layout, a list of standard exercises and a syllabus summary.
(b) The content and sequence of the training programme shall be specified in the training manual.

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ORA.ATO.230 Training manual and operations manual Back to Table Point 83, 84

(a) The training manual shall state the standards, objectives and training goals for each phase of training that the students are required to comply with and shall address the following subjects:
— training plan,
— briefing and air exercises,
— flight training in an FSTD, if applicable,
— theoretical knowledge instruction.
(b) The operations manual shall provide relevant information to particular groups of personnel, as flight instructors, flight simulation training instructors, theoretical knowledge instructors, operations and
maintenance personnel, and shall include general, technical, route and staff training information.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.230(a), AMC1 ORA.ATO.230(b)

ORA.ATO.300 General Back to Table Point 85, 86, 87

The ATO may be approved to conduct modular course programmes using distance learning in the following cases:
(a) modular courses of theoretical knowledge instruction;
(b) courses of additional theoretical knowledge for a class or type rating; or
(c) courses of approved pre-entry theoretical knowledge instruction for a first type rating for a multi-engined helicopter.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.300

ORA.ATO.305 Classroom instruction Back to Table Point 88, 89, 90

(a) An element of classroom instruction shall be included in all subjects of modular distance learning courses.
(b) The amount of time spent in actual classroom instruction shall not be less than 10 % of the total duration of the course.
(c) To this effect, classroom accommodation shall be available either at the principal place of business of the ATO or within a suitable facility elsewhere.

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ORA.ATO.310 Instructors Back to Table Point 91

All instructors shall be fully familiar with the requirements of the distance learning course programme.

ORA.ATO.330 General Back to Table Point 92, 93, 94

(a) Approval for zero flight-time training (ZFTT), as specified in Part-FCL, shall only be given to ATOs that also have the privileges to conduct commercial air transport operations or ATOs having
specific arrangements with commercial air transport operators.
(b) Approval for ZFTT shall only be given if the operator has at least 90 days of operational experience on the aeroplane type.
(c) In the case of ZFTT provided by an ATO having a specific arrangement with an operator, the 90 days of operational experience requirements will not apply if the type rating instructor (TRI(A))
involved in the additional take- offs and landings, as required in Part-ORO, has operational experience on the aeroplane type.

See also:
AMC1 ORA.ATO.330

ORA.ATO.335 Full flight simulator Back to Table Point 95, 96

(a) The FFS approved for ZFTT shall be serviceable according to the management system criteria of the ATO.
(b) The motion and the visual system of the FFS shall be fully serviceable, in accordance with the applicable certification specifications for FSTD as mentioned in ORA.FSTD.205.

ORA.ATO.350 General Back to Table Point 97

The privileges to conduct MPL integrated training courses and MPL instructor courses shall only be given to the ATO if it also has the privilege to conduct commercial air transport operations or a specific
arrangement with a commercial air transport operator.

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ORA.ATO.355 Flight test training organisations Back to Table Point 98, 99, 100

(a) The ATO that has been approved to provide flight test training for the issue of a category 1 or 2 flight test rating in accordance with Part-FCL may have its privileges extended to providing training for
other categories of flight tests and other categories of flight test personnel, provided that:
(1) the relevant requirements of Part-21 are met; and
(2) a specific arrangement exists between the ATO and the Part-21 organisation that employs, or intends to employ, such personnel.
(b) The training records shall include the written reports by the student, as required by the training programme, including, where applicable, data processing and analysis of recorded parameters relevant to
the type of flight test.

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AMC and Guidance Material References

AMC1 ORA.GEN.120(a) Means of compliance Back to Table Point 2, 3

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.120

DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE
In order to demonstrate that the Implementing Rules are met, a risk assessment should be completed and documented. The result of this risk assessment should
demonstrate that an equivalent level of safety to that established by the Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) adopted by the Agency is reached.

AMC1 ORA.GEN.125 Terms of approval and privileges of an organisation Back to Table Point 4
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.125

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION

The management system documentation should contain the privileges and detailed scope of activities for which the organisation is certified, as relevant to the
applicable requirements. The scope of activities defined in the management system documentation should be consistent with the terms of approval.

AMC1 ORA.GEN.130 Changes to organisations Back to Table Point 6, 7, 8

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.130

APPLICATION TIME FRAMES

(a) The application for the amendment of an organisation certificate should be submitted at least 30 days before the date of the intended changes.
(b) In the case of a planned change of a nominated person, the organisation should inform the competent authority at least 10 days before the date of the
proposed change.
(c) Unforeseen changes should be notified at the earliest opportunity, in order to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with the
applicable requirements and to amend, if necessary, the organisation certificate and related terms of approval.

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GM1 ORA.GEN.130(a) Changes to organisations Back to Table Point 6, 7, 8

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.130

GENERAL
(a) Typical examples of changes that may affect the certificate or the terms of approval are listed below:
(1) the name of the organisation;
(2) the organisation’s principal place of business;
(3) the organisation’s scope of activities;
(4) additional locations of the organisation;
(5) the accountable manager;
(6) any of the persons referred to in ORA.GEN.210 (a) and (b);
(7) the organisation’s documentation as required by this Part, safety policy and procedures;
(8) the facilities.
(b) Prior approval by the competent authority is required for any changes to the organisation’s procedure describing how changes not requiring prior approval will
be managed and notified to the competent authority.
(c) Changes requiring prior approval may only be implemented upon receipt of formal approval by the competent authority.

GM2 ORA.GEN.130(a) Changes to organisations Back to Table Point 6, 7, 8

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.130

CHANGE OF NAME OF THE ORGANISATION

A change of name requires the organisation to submit a new application as a matter of urgency.
Where this is the only change to report, the new application can be accompanied by a copy of the documentation previously submitted to the competent authority
under the previous name, as a means of demonstrating how the organisation complies with the applicable requirements.

AMC1 ORA.GEN.160 Occurrence reporting Back to Table Point 15, 16, 17, 18, 19
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.160

GENERAL
(a) The organisation should report all occurrences defined in AMC 20-8, and as required by the applicable national rules implementing Directive 2003/43/EC1 on
occurrence reporting in civil aviation.
(b) In addition to the reports required by AMC 20-8 and Directive 2003/43/EC, the organisation should report volcanic ash clouds encountered during flight.

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1);(2);(3);(5) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

NON-COMPLEX ORGANISATIONS - GENERAL

(a) Safety risk management may be performed using hazard checklists or similar risk management tools or processes, which are integrated into the activities of
the organisation.
(b) The organisation should manage safety risks related to a change. The management of change should be a documented process to identify external and
internal change that may have an adverse effect on safety. It should make use of the organisation’s existing hazard identification, risk assessment and mitigation
processes.
(c) The organisation should identify a person who fulfils the role of safety manager and who is responsible for coordinating the safety management system. This
person may be the accountable manager or a person with an operational role in the organisation.
(d) Within the organisation, responsibilities should be identified for hazard identification, risk assessment and mitigation.
(e) The safety policy should include a commitment to improve towards the highest safety standards, comply with all applicable legal requirements, meet all
applicable standards, consider best practices and provide appropriate resources.
(f) The organisation should, in cooperation with other stakeholders, develop, coordinate and maintain an emergency response plan (ERP) that ensures orderly
and safe transition from normal to emergency operations and return to normal operations. The ERP should provide the actions to be taken by the organisation or
specified individuals in an emergency and reflect the size, nature and complexity of the activities performed by the organisation.

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLEX ORGANISATIONS - ORGANISATION AND ACCOUNTABILITIES

The management system of an organisation should encompass safety by including a safety manager and a safety review board in the organisational structure.
(a) Safety manager
(1) The safety manager should act as the focal point and be responsible for the development, administration and maintenance of an effective safety
management system.
(2) The functions of the safety manager should be to:
(i) facilitate hazard identification, risk analysis and management;
(ii) monitor the implementation of actions taken to mitigate risks, as listed in the safety action plan;
(iii) provide periodic reports on safety performance;
(iv) ensure maintenance of safety management documentation;
(v) ensure that there is safety management training available and that it meets acceptable standards;
(vi) provide advice on safety matters; and
(vii) ensure initiation and follow-up of internal occurrence / accident investigations.
(b) Safety review board
(1) The Safety review board should be a high level committee that considers matters of strategic safety in support of the accountable manager’s safety
accountability.
(2) The board should be chaired by the accountable manager and be composed of heads of functional areas.
(3) The safety review board should monitor:
(i) safety performance against the safety policy and objectives;
(ii) that any safety action is taken in a timely manner; and
(iii) the effectiveness of the organisation’s safety management processes.
(c) The safety review board should ensure that appropriate resources are allocated to achieve the established safety performance.
(d) The safety manager or any other relevant person may attend, as appropriate, safety review board meetings. He/she may communicate to the accountable
manager all information, as necessary, to allow decision making based on safety data.

GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

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SAFETY MANAGER
(a) Depending on the size of the organisation and the nature and complexity of its activities, the safety manager may be assisted by additional safety personnel
for the performance of all safety management related tasks.
(b) Regardless of the organisational set-up it is important that the safety manager remains the unique focal point as regards the development, administration
and maintenance of the organisation’s safety management system.

GM2 ORA.GEN.200(a)(1) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLEX ORGANISATIONS - SAFETY ACTION GROUP

(a) A safety action group may be established as a standing group or as an ad-hoc group to assist or act on behalf of the safety review board.
(b) More than one safety action group may be established depending on the scope of the task and specific expertise required.
(c) The safety action group should report to and take strategic direction from the safety review board and should be comprised of managers, supervisors and
personnel from operational areas.
(d) The safety action group should:
(1) monitor operational safety;
(2) resolve identified risks;
(3) assess the impact on safety of operational changes; and
(4) ensure that safety actions are implemented within agreed timescales.
(e) The safety action group should review the effectiveness of previous safety recommendations and safety promotion.

AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(2) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLEX ORGANISATIONS - SAFETY POLICY

(a) The safety policy should:
(1) be endorsed by the accountable manager;
(2) reflect organisational commitments regarding safety and its proactive and systematic management;
(3) be communicated, with visible endorsement, throughout the organisation; and
(4) include safety reporting principles.

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(b) The safety policy should include a commitment:

(1) to improve towards the highest safety standards;
(2) to comply with all applicable legislation, meet all applicable standards and consider best practices;
(3) to provide appropriate resources;
(4) to enforce safety as one primary responsibility of all managers; and
(5) not to blame someone for reporting something which would not have been otherwise detected.
(c) Senior management should:
(1) continually promote the safety policy to all personnel and demonstrate their commitment to it;
(2) provide necessary human and financial resources for its implementation; and
(3) establish safety objectives and performance standards.

GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(2) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

SAFETY POLICY
The safety policy is the means whereby the organisation states its intention to maintain and, where practicable, improve safety levels in all its activities and to
minimise its contribution to the risk of an aircraft accident as far as is reasonably practicable.
The safety policy should state that the purpose of safety reporting and internal investigations is to improve safety, not to apportion blame to individuals.

AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(3) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLEX ORGANISATIONS - SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT

(a) Hazard identification processes
(1) Reactive and proactive schemes for hazard identification should be the formal means of collecting, recording, analysing, acting on and generating
feedback about hazards and the associated risks that affect the safety of the operational activities of the organisation.
(2) All reporting systems, including confidential reporting schemes, should include an effective feedback process.
(b) Risk assessment and mitigation processes
(1) A formal risk management process should be developed and maintained that ensures analysis (in terms of likelihood and severity of occurrence),
assessment (in terms of tolerability) and control (in terms of mitigation) of risks to an acceptable level.

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(2) The levels of management who have the authority to make decisions regarding the tolerability of safety risks, in accordance with (b)(1), should be
specified.
(c) Internal safety investigation
(1) The scope of internal safety investigations should extend beyond the scope of occurrences required to be reported to the competent authority.
(d) Safety performance monitoring and measurement
(1) Safety performance monitoring and measurement should be the process by which the safety performance of the organisation is verified in comparison
to the safety policy and objectives.
(2) This process should include:
(i) safety reporting;
(ii) safety studies, that is, rather large analyses encompassing broad safety concerns;
(iii) safety reviews including trends reviews, which would be conducted during introduction and deployment of new technologies, change or
implementation of procedures, or in situations of structural change in operations;
(iv) safety audits focussing on the integrity of the organisation’s management system, and periodically assessing the status of safety risk
controls; and
(v) safety surveys, examining particular elements or procedures of a specific operation, such as problem areas or bottlenecks in daily operations,
perceptions and opinions of operational personnel and areas of dissent or confusion.
(e) The management of change
The organisation should manage safety risks related to a change. The management of change should be a documented process to identify external and internal
change that may have an adverse effect on safety. It should make use of the organisation’s existing hazard identification, risk assessment and mitigation
processes.
(f) Continuous improvement
The organisation should continuously seek to improve its safety performance. Continuous improvement should be achieved through:
(1) proactive and reactive evaluations of facilities, equipment, documentation and procedures through safety audits and surveys;
(2) proactive evaluation of individuals’ performance to verify the fulfilment of their safety responsibilities; and
(3) reactive evaluations in order to verify the effectiveness of the system for control and mitigation of risk.
(g) The emergency response plan (ERP)
(1) An ERP should be established that provides the actions to be taken by the organisation or specified individuals in an emergency. The ERP should
reflect the size, nature and complexity of the activities performed by the organisation.
(2) The ERP should ensure:
(i) an orderly and safe transition from normal to emergency operations;
(ii) safe continuation of operations or return to normal operations as soon as practicable; and
(iii) coordination with the emergency response plans of other organisations, where appropriate.

GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(3) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27

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Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

INTERNAL OCCURRENCE REPORTING SCHEME

(a) The overall purpose of the scheme is to use reported information to improve the level of safety performance of the organisation and not to attribute blame.
(b) The objectives of the scheme are to:
(1) enable an assessment to be made of the safety implications of each relevant incident and accident, including previous similar occurrences, so that
any necessary action can be initiated; and
(2) ensure that knowledge of relevant incidents and accidents is disseminated, so that other persons and organisations may learn from them.
(c) The scheme is an essential part of the overall monitoring function and it is complementary to the normal day-to-day procedures and ‘control’ systems and is
not intended to duplicate or supersede any of them. The scheme is a tool to identify those instances where routine procedures have failed.
(d) All occurrence reports judged reportable by the person submitting the report should be retained as the significance of such reports may only become obvious
at a later date.

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(4) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

TRAINING AND COMMUNICATION ON SAFETY

(a) Training
(1) All personnel should receive safety training as appropriate for their safety responsibilities.
(2) Adequate records of all safety training provided should be kept.
(b) Communication
(1) The organisation should establish communication about safety matters that:
(i) ensures that all personnel are aware of the safety management activities as appropriate for their safety responsibilities;
(ii) conveys safety critical information, especially relating to assessed risks and analysed hazards;
(iii) explains why particular actions are taken; and
(iv) explains why safety procedures are introduced or changed.
(2) Regular meetings with personnel where information, actions and procedures are discussed may be used to communicate safety matters.

GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(4) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

TRAINING AND COMMUNICATION ON SAFETY

The safety training programme may consist of self-instruction via a media (newsletters, flight safety magazines), class-room training, e-learning or similar
training provided by training service providers.

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(5) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

ORGANISATION’S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION

(a) The organisation’s management system documentation should at least include the following information:
(1) a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organisation will continuously work in accordance with the applicable
requirements and the organisation’s documentation as required by this Part;
(2) the organisation's scope of activities;
(3) the titles and names of persons referred to in ORA.GEN.210 (a) and (b);
(4) an organisation chart showing the lines of responsibility between the persons referred to in ORA.GEN.210;
(5) a general description and location of the facilities referred to in ORA.GEN.215;
(6) procedures specifying how the organisation ensures compliance with the applicable requirements;
(7) the amendment procedure for the organisation’s management system documentation.
(b) The organisation’s management system documentation may be included in a separate manual or in (one of) the manual(s) as required by the applicable
Subpart(s). A cross reference should be included.

GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(5) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

ORGANISATION’S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION

(a) It is not required to duplicate information in several manuals. The information may be contained in any of the organisation manuals (e.g. operations manual,
training manual), which may also be combined.
(b) The organisation may also choose to document some of the information required to be documented in separate documents (e.g. procedures). In this case, it
should ensure that manuals contain adequate references to any document kept separately. Any such documents are then to be considered an integral part of the
organisation’s management system documentation.

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(5) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLEX ORGANISATIONS – ORGANISATION’S SAFETY MANAGEMENT MANUAL

(a) The safety management manual (SMM) should be the key instrument for communicating the approach to safety for the whole of the organisation. The SMM
should document all aspects of safety management, including the safety policy, objectives, procedures and individual safety responsibilities.
(b) The contents of the safety management manual should include all of the following:
(1) scope of the safety management system;
(2) safety policy and objectives;
(3) safety accountability of the accountable manager;
(4) safety responsibilities of key safety personnel;
(5) documentation control procedures;
(6) hazard identification and risk management schemes;
(7) safety action planning;
(8) safety performance monitoring;
(9) incident investigation and reporting;
(10) emergency response planning;
(11) management of change (including organisational changes with regard to safety responsibilities);
(12) safety promotion.
(c) The SMM may be contained in (one of) the manual(s) of the organisation.

AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLIANCE MONITORING - GENERAL

(a) Compliance monitoring
The implementation and use of a compliance monitoring function should enable the organisation to monitor compliance with the relevant requirements of this Part
and other applicable Parts.
(1) The organisation should specify the basic structure of the compliance monitoring function applicable to the activities conducted.

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(2) The compliance monitoring function should be structured according to the size of the organisation and the complexity of the activities to be
monitored.
(b) Organisations should monitor compliance with the procedures they have designed to ensure safe activities. In doing so, they should as a minimum, and
where appropriate, monitor:
(1) privileges of the organisation;
(2) manuals, logs, and records;
(3) training standards;
(4) management system procedures and manuals.
(c) Organisational set up
(1) To ensure that the organisation continues to meet the requirements of this Part and other applicable Parts, the accountable manager should
designate a compliance monitoring manager. The role of the compliance monitoring manager is to ensure that the activities of the organisation are
monitored for compliance with the applicable regulatory requirements , and any additional requirements as established by the organisation, and that
these activities are being carried out properly under the supervision of the relevant head of functional area.
(2) The compliance monitoring manager should be responsible for ensuring that the compliance monitoring programme is properly implemented,
maintained and continually reviewed and improved.
(3) The compliance monitoring manager should:
(i) have direct access to the accountable manager;
(ii) not be one of the other persons referred to in ORA.GEN.210 (b);
(iii) be able to demonstrate relevant knowledge, background and appropriate experience related to the activities of the organisation; including
knowledge and experience in compliance monitoring; and
(iv) have access to all parts of the organisation, and as necessary, any contracted organisation.
(4) In the case of a non-complex organisation, this task may be exercised by the accountable manager provided he/she has demonstrated having the
related competence as defined in (c)(3)(iii).
(5) In the case the same person acts as compliance monitoring manager and as safety manager, the accountable manager, with regards to his/her direct
accountability for safety, should ensure that sufficient resources are allocated to both functions, taking into account the size of the organisation and the
nature and complexity of its activities.
(6) The independence of the compliance monitoring function should be established by ensuring that audits and inspections are carried out by personnel
not responsible for the function, procedure or products being audited.
(d) Compliance monitoring documentation
(1) Relevant documentation should include the relevant part(s) of the organisation’s management system documentation.
(2) In addition, relevant documentation should also include the following:
(i) terminology;
(ii) specified activity standards;
(iii) a description of the organisation;
(iv) the allocation of duties and responsibilities;
(v) procedures to ensure regulatory compliance;
(vi) the compliance monitoring programme, reflecting:

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(A) schedule of the monitoring programme;

(B) audit procedures;
(C) reporting procedures;
(D) follow-up and corrective action procedures; and
(E) recording system.
(vii) the training syllabus referred to in (e)(2);
(viii) document control.
(e) Training
(1) Correct and thorough training is essential to optimise compliance in every organisation. In order to achieve significant outcomes of such training, the
organisation should ensure that all personnel understand the objectives as laid down in the organisation’s management system documentation.
(2) Those responsible for managing the compliance monitoring function should receive training on this task. Such training should cover the requirements
of compliance monitoring, manuals and procedures related to the task, audit techniques, reporting and recording.
(3) Time should be provided to train all personnel involved in compliance management and for briefing the remainder of the personnel.
(4) The allocation of time and resources should be governed by the volume and complexity of the activities concerned.

GM1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLIANCE MONITORING - GENERAL

(a) The organisational set-up of the compliance monitoring function should reflect the size of the organisation and the nature and complexity of its activities. The
compliance monitoring manager may perform all audits and inspections himself/herself or appoint one or more auditors by choosing personnel having the related
competence as defined in AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6) point (c)(3)(iii), either from within or outside the organisation.

(b) Regardless of the option chosen it must be ensured that the independence of the audit function is not affected, in particular in cases where those performing
the audit or inspection are also responsible for other functions within the organisation.

(c) In case external personnel are used to perform compliance audits or inspections:

(1) any such audits or inspections are performed under the responsibility of the compliance monitoring manager; and

(2) the organisation remains responsible to ensure that the external personnel has relevant knowledge, background and experience as appropriate to the
activities being audited or inspected; including knowledge and experience in compliance monitoring.

(d) The organisation retains the ultimate responsibility for the effectiveness of the compliance monitoring function in particular for the effective implementation
and follow-up of all corrective actions.

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GM2 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

COMPLEX ORGANISATIONS - COMPLIANCE MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR ATOs

(a) Typical subject areas for compliance monitoring audits and inspections for approved training organisations (ATOs) should be the following:
(1) facilities;
(2) actual flight and ground training;
(3) technical standards.
(b) ATOs should monitor compliance with the training and operations manuals they have designed to ensure safe and efficient training. In doing so, they should,
where appropriate, additionally monitor the following:
(1) training procedures;
(2) flight safety;
(3) flight and duty time limitations, rest requirements and scheduling;
(4) aircraft maintenance/operations interface.

GM3 ORA.GEN.200(a)(6) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

AUDIT AND INSPECTION

(a) ‘Audit’ means a systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which
requirements are complied with.
(b) ‘Inspection’ means an independent documented conformity evaluation by observation and judgement accompanied as appropriate by measurement, testing
or gauging, in order to verify compliance with applicable requirements.

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.200(b) Management system Back to Table Point 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27
Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.200

SIZE, NATURE AND COMPLEXITY OF THE ACTIVITY

(a) An organisation should be considered as complex when it has a workforce of more than 20 full time equivalents (FTEs) involved in the activity subject to
Regulation (EC) No 216/20082 and its Implementing Rules.
(b) Organisations with up to 20 full time equivalents (FTEs) involved in the activity subject to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its Implementing Rules, may also
be considered complex based on an assessment of the following factors:
(1) in terms of complexity, the extent and scope of contracted activities subject to the approval;
(2) in terms of risk criteria, whether any of the following are present:
(i) operations requiring the following specific approvals: performance-based navigation (PBN), low visibility operation (LVO), extended range operations
with two-engined aeroplanes (ETOPS), helicopter hoist operation (HHO), helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS), night vision imaging system
(NVIS) and dangerous goods (DG);
(ii) different types of aircraft used;
(iii) the environment (offshore, mountainous area etc.);
(c) Regardless of the criteria mentioned in (a) and (b), the following organisations should always be considered as non-complex:
(1) Approved Training Organisations (ATOs) only providing training for the light aircraft pilot licence (LAPL), private pilot licence (PPL), sailplane pilot
licence (SPL) or balloon pilot licence (BPL) and the associated ratings and certificates;
(2) Aero-Medical Centres (AeMCs).

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.205 Contracted activities Back to Table Point 28, 29

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.205

RESPONSIBILITY WHEN CONTRACTING ACTIVITIES

(a) The organisation may decide to contract certain activities to external organisations.
(b) A written agreement should exist between the organisation and the contracted organisation clearly defining the contracted activities and the applicable
requirements.
(c) The contracted safety related activities relevant to the agreement should be included in the organisation's safety management and compliance monitoring
programmes.
(d) The organisation should ensure that the contracted organisation has the necessary authorisation or approval when required, and commands the resources
and competence to undertake the task.

GM1 ORA.GEN.205 Contracted activities Back to Table Point 28, 29

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.205

RESPONSIBILITY WHEN CONTRACTING ACTIVITIES

(a) Regardless of the approval status of the contracted organisation, the contracting organisation is responsible to ensure that all contracted activities are subject
to hazard identification and risk management as required by ORA.GEN.200 (a)(3) and to compliance monitoring as required by ORA.GEN.200 (a)(6).
(b) When the contracted organisation is itself certified to carry out the contracted activities, the organisation’s compliance monitoring should at least check that
the approval effectively covers the contracted activities and that it is still valid.
(c) If the organisation requires the contracted organisation to conduct an activity which exceeds the contracted organisation’s terms of approval, this will be
considered as the contracted organisation working under the approval of the contracting organisation.

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.215 Facility requirements Back to Table Point 35

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.215

ATOs PROVIDING TRAINING FOR THE CPL, MPL AND ATPL AND THE ASSOCIATED RATINGS AND CERTIFICATES
(a) For ATOs providing flight training, the following flight operations accommodation should be available:
(1) an operations room with facilities to control flying operations;
(2) a flight planning room with the following facilities:
(i) appropriate current maps and charts;
(ii) current aeronautical information service (AIS) information;
(iii) current meteorological information;
(iv) communications to air traffic control (ATC) and the operations room;
(v) any other flight safety related material.
(3) adequate briefing rooms/cubicles of sufficient size and number;
(4) suitable offices for the supervisory personnel and room(s) to allow flight instructors to write reports on students, complete records and other related
documentation;
(5) furnished crew-room(s) for instructors and students.
(b) For ATOs providing theoretical knowledge training, the following facilities for theoretical knowledge instruction should be available:
(1) adequate classroom accommodation for the current student population;
(2) suitable demonstration equipment to support the theoretical knowledge instruction;
(3) a radiotelephony training and testing facility;
(4) a reference library containing publications giving coverage of the syllabus;
(5) offices for the instructional personnel.

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AMC2 ORA.GEN.215 Facility requirements Back to Table Point 35

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.215

ATOs PROVIDING TRAINING FOR THE LAPL, PPL, SPL OR BPL AND THE ASSOCIATED RATINGS AND CERTIFICATES
(a) The following flight operations accommodation should be available:
(1) a flight planning room with the following facilities:
(i) appropriate current aviation maps and charts;
(ii) current AIS information;
(iii) current meteorological information;
(iv) communications to ATC (if applicable);
(v) any other flight safety related material.
(2) adequate briefing room(s)/cubicles of sufficient size and number;
(3) suitable office(s) to allow flight instructors to write reports on students, complete records and other related documentation;
(4) suitable rest areas for instructors and students, where appropriate to the training task;
(5) in the case of ATOs providing training for the BPL or LAPL(B) only, the flight operations accommodation listed in (a)(1) to (a)(4) may be replaced by
other suitable facilities when operating outside aerodromes.
(b) The following facilities for theoretical knowledge instruction should be available:
(1) adequate classroom accommodation for the current student population;
(2) suitable demonstration equipment to support the theoretical knowledge instruction;
(3) suitable office(s) for the instructional personnel.
(c) A single room may be sufficient to provide the functions listed in (a) and (b).

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AMC1 ORA.GEN.220(b) Record-keeping Back to Table Point 36, 37, 38

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.220

GENERAL
(a) The record-keeping system should ensure that all records are accessible whenever needed within a reasonable time. These records should be organised in a
way that ensures traceability and retrievability throughout the required retention period.
(b) Records should be kept in paper form or in electronic format or a combination of both. Records stored on microfilm or optical disc format are also acceptable.
The records should remain legible throughout the required retention period. The retention period starts when the record has been created or last amended.
(c) Paper systems should use robust material which can withstand normal handling and filing. Computer systems should have at least one backup system which
should be updated within 24 hours of any new entry. Computer systems should include safeguards against the ability of unauthorised personnel to alter the data.
(d) All computer hardware used to ensure data backup should be stored in a different location from that containing the working data and in an environment that
ensures they remain in good condition. When hardware or software changes take place, special care should be taken that all necessary data continues to be
accessible at least through the full period specified in the relevant Subpart. In the absence of such indication, all records should be kept for a minimum period of
5 years.

GM1 ORA.GEN.220(b) Record-keeping Back to Table Point 36, 37, 38

Back to Regulatory References ORA.GEN.220

RECORDS
Microfilming or optical storage of records may be carried out at any time. The records should be as legible as the original record and remain so for the required
retention period.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.105 Application Back to Table Point 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48,
49
Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.105

APPLICATION FORM APPLICATION FORM FOR AN ATO CERTIFICATE

To be provided by CAA of Latvia directly to the applicant.

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AMC1 ORA.ATO.110(b) Personnel requirements Back to Table Point 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56
Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.110

HEAD OF TRAINING
The nominated head of training (HT) should have the overall responsibility to ensure that the training is in compliance with the appropriate requirements. In an
ATO providing training courses for different aircraft categories, the HT shall be assisted by one or more nominated deputy HT(s) for certain flight training courses.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.110(c) Personnel requirements Back to Table Point 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56
Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.110

THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTORS

Theoretical knowledge instructors should, before appointment, prove their competency by giving a test lecture based on material they have developed for the
subjects they are to teach.

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AMC1 ORA.ATO.120(a);(b) Record-keeping Back to Table Point 57, 58, 59

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.120

ATOs PROVIDING TRAINING ONLY FOR THE LAPL, PPL, SPL OR BPL AND THE ASSOCIATED RATINGS AND CERTIFICATES
The details of ground, flight and flight instruction by using FSTD given to a specific individual student and the detailed progress reports from instructors may be
kept also in a student’s progress card. This progress card should contain all the exercises of the training syllabus. The instructor should sign this card if a certain
exercise has been completed or a specific assessment has been conducted.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.125 Training programme Back to Table Point 60, 61

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.125

GENERAL
Flight training in an FSTD and theoretical knowledge instruction should be phased in such a manner as to ensure that students are able to apply to flight exercises
the knowledge gained on the ground. Arrangements should be made so that problems encountered during instruction can be resolved during subsequent training.

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AMC2 ORA.ATO.125 Training programme Back to Table Point 60, 61

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.125

TYPE RATING COURSES – AEROPLANES

(a) Introduction
(1) When developing the training programme for a type rating course, in addition to complying with the standards included in the operational suitability
data (OSD), as established in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1702/2003 for the applicable type, the ATO should also follow any further
recommendations contained therein.
(2) The type rating course should, as far as possible, provide for a continual process of ground, FSTD and flight training to enable the student to
assimilate the knowledge and skills required to operate a specific aircraft type safely and efficiently. The student’s ability to do this should be determined
by the demonstration of a satisfactory level of theoretical knowledge of the aircraft determined by progressive checking of knowledge and examination,
progressive assessment by the ATO during flight training and the successful completion of a practical skill test with an examiner.
(3) The type rating course should normally be conducted as a single, full-time course of study and training. However, in the situation where the course is
intended to enable a pilot to fly a further aircraft type while continuing to fly a current type, such as to enable mixed fleet flying with the same operator,
some elements of the theoretical knowledge course conducted by self-study may be undertaken while the student continues to fly the current type.
(b) Variants
(1) Familiarisation training: Where an aeroplane type rating also includes variants of the same aircraft type requiring familiarisation training, the
additional familiarisation training may be included in the theoretical knowledge training of the initial type rating course. Flight training should be
conducted on a single variant within the type.
(2) Differences training: Where an aeroplane type rating also includes variants of the same aircraft type for which difference training is required, the
initial training course should be directed towards a single variant. Additional training to operate other variants within the same type rating should be
completed after successful completion of the initial type rating course. However, elements of this differences training may be undertaken at appropriate
stages of the initial course, with the agreement of the competent authority.
(c) Programme of theoretical knowledge and flight training
(1) The training programme should specify the time allocated to theoretical knowledge training, FSTD training and, if not approved for zero flight-time
training (ZFTT), the aeroplane. The initial type rating course should be programmed on the basis that the student has the minimum licensing and
experience requirements for entry to the course. For a first type rating on a multi-pilot aeroplane (MPA), the course should also provide for consolidation
and type-specific training in those elements of basic multi-crew cooperation (MCC) training relevant to the type or variant.
(2) If the ATO wishes to provide a training course that includes credit for previous experience on similar types of aircraft, such as those with common
systems or operating procedures with the new type, the entry requirements to such courses should be specified by the ATO and should define the
minimum level of experience and qualification required of the flight crew member.
(3) The ATO is permitted to contract elements of training to a third party training provider. In such cases the contracted organisation should normally be
approved to conduct such training. When the contracted organisation is not an ATO, the competent authority should, within the approval process of the
ATO, include the contracted organisation and be satisfied that the standard of training intended to be given meets the requirements. The other

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obligations of the ATO, such as student progress monitoring and an adequate management system, can be exercised by the ATO seeking approval and
which retains responsibility for the whole course.
GROUND TRAINING
(d) Syllabus
The ground training syllabus should provide for the student to gain a thorough understanding of the operation, function and, if appropriate, abnormal and
emergency operation of all aircraft systems. This training should also include those systems essential to the operation of the aircraft, such as ‘fly-by-wire’ flight
control systems, even if the flight crew have little or no control of their normal or abnormal operation.
(e) Theoretical knowledge instruction
The theoretical knowledge instruction training should meet the general objectives of (but not be limited to) giving the student:
(1) a thorough knowledge of the aircraft structure, powerplant and systems, and their associated limitations, including mass and balance, aircraft
performance and flight planning considerations;
(2) a knowledge of the positioning and operation of the cockpit controls and indicators for the aircraft and its systems;
(3) an understanding of system malfunctions, their effect on aircraft operations and interaction with other systems; and
(4) the understanding of normal, abnormal and emergency procedures.
(f) Facilities and training aids
The ATO should provide adequate facilities for classroom instruction and have available appropriately qualified and experienced instructors. Training aids should
enable students to gain practical experience of the operation of systems covered by the theoretical knowledge syllabus and, in the case of multi-pilot aeroplanes,
enable such practical application of the knowledge to be carried out in a multi-crew environment. Facilities should be made available for student self-study outside
the formal training programme.
(g) Computer-based training (CBT)
CBT provides a valuable source of theoretical instruction, enabling the students to progress at their own pace within specified time limits. Many such systems
ensure that syllabus subjects are fully covered and progress can be denied until a satisfactory assimilation of knowledge has been demonstrated. Such systems
may allow self-study or distance learning, if they incorporate adequate knowledge testing procedures. When CBT is used as part of the theoretical knowledge
instruction phase, the student should also have access to a suitably qualified instructor able to assist with areas of difficulty for the student.
(h) Self-study and distance learning
Elements of the theoretical knowledge syllabus may be adequately addressed by distance learning, if approved, or self-study, particularly when utilising CBT.
Progress testing, either by self-assessed or instructor-evaluated means should be included in any self-study programme. If self-study or distance learning is
included in the theoretical knowledge training, the course should also provide for an adequate period of supervised consolidation and knowledge testing.
(i) Progress tests and final theoretical knowledge examination
(1) The theoretical knowledge training programme should provide for progressive testing of the assimilation of the required knowledge. This testing
process should also provide for retesting of syllabus items so that a thorough understanding of the required knowledge is assured. This should be
achieved by intervention by a qualified instructor or, if using CBT with a self-testing facility, and by further testing during the supervised consolidation
phase of the ground course.
(2) The final theoretical knowledge examination should cover all areas of the theoretical knowledge syllabus. The final examination should be conducted
as a supervised written (including computer-based) knowledge test without reference to course material. The pass mark of 75% assumes the
achievement of satisfactory levels of knowledge during the progressive phase tests of the course. The student should be advised of any areas of lack of
knowledge displayed during the examination and, if necessary, given remedial instruction. A successful pass of the theoretical knowledge course and final

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examination should be a pre-requisite for progression to the flight training phase of the type rating course, unless otherwise determined in the OSD
established in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1702/2003.
FLIGHT TRAINING
(j) Flight simulation training devices (FSTDs)
A type rating course for a multi-pilot aeroplane should include FSTD training.
The amount of training required when using FSTDs will depend on the complexity of the aeroplane concerned, and to some extent on the previous experience of
the pilot. Except for those courses giving credit for previous experience (c.2.), a minimum of 32 hours of FSTD training should be programmed for a crew of a
multi-pilot aeroplane, of which at least 16 hours should be in an FFS operating as a crew. FFS time may be reduced if other qualified FSTDs used during the flight
training programme accurately replicate the cockpit environment, operation and aeroplane response. Such FSTDs may typically include flight management
computer (FMC) training devices using hardware and computer programmes identical to those of the aeroplane.
(k) Aeroplane training with FFS
(1) with the exception of courses approved for ZFTT, certain training exercises normally involving take-off and landing in various configurations should be
completed in the aeroplane rather than an FFS. For MPAs where the student pilot has more than 500 hours of MPA experience in aeroplanes of similar
size and performance, these should include at least four landings of which at least one should be a full-stop landing, unless otherwise specified in the
OSD established in accordance with Regulation (EC) 1702/2003, when available. In all other cases the student should complete at least six landings. This
aeroplane training may be completed after the student pilot has completed the FSTD training and has successfully undertaken the type rating skill test,
provided it does not exceed 2 hours of the flight training course.
(2) courses approved for ZFTT
During the specific simulator session before line flying under supervision (LIFUS), consideration should be given to varying conditions, for example:
(i) runway surface conditions;
(ii) runway length;
(iii) flap setting;
(iv) power setting;
(v) crosswind and turbulence conditions; and
(vi) maximum take-off mass (MTOM) and maximum landing mass (MLM).
(3) the landings should be conducted as full-stop landings. The session should be flown in normal operation.
Special attention should be given to the taxiing technique:
(i) a training methodology should be agreed with the competent authority that ensures the trainee is fully competent with the exterior inspection
of the aeroplane before conducting such an inspection un-supervised;
(ii) the LIFUS should be performed as soon as possible after the specific FFS session;
(iii) the licence endorsement should be entered on the licence after the skill test, but before the first four take-offs and landings in the aeroplane.
At the discretion of the competent authority, provisional or temporary endorsement and any restriction should be entered on the licence.
Where a specific arrangement exists between the ATO and the commercial air transport operator, the operator proficiency check (OPC) and the
ZFTT specific details should be conducted using the operator's standard operating procedures (SOPs).
(l) Aeroplane without FFS
(1) Flight training conducted solely in an aeroplane without the use of FSTDs cannot cover the crew resource management (CRM) and multi-crew cockpit
(MCC) aspects of MPA flight training, and for safety reasons cannot cover all emergency and abnormal aircraft operation required for the training and skill

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test. In such cases, the ATO should demonstrate to the competent authority that adequate training in these aspects can be achieved by other means. For
training conducted solely on an MPA where two pilots are trained together without the use of an FSTD, a minimum of 8 hours of flight training as pilot
flying (PF) for each pilot should normally be required. For training on a single-pilot aeroplane, 10 hours of flight training should normally be required. It is
accepted that for some relatively simple single or multi-engine aircraft without systems such as pressurisation, flight management system (FMS) or
electronic cockpit displays, this minimum may be reduced.
(2) Aeroplane training normally involves an inherent delay in achieving an acceptable flight situation and configuration for training to be carried out in
accordance with the agreed syllabus. These could include ATC or other traffic delay on the ground prior to take-off, the necessity to climb to height or
transit to suitable training areas and the unavoidable need to physically reposition the aircraft for subsequent or repeat manoeuvres or instrument
approaches. In such cases it should be ensured that the training syllabus provides adequate flexibility to enable the minimum amount of required flight
training to be carried out.
SKILL TEST
(m) Upon completion of the flight training, the pilot will be required to undergo a skill test with an examiner to demonstrate adequate competency of aircraft
operation for issue of the type rating. The skill test should be separate from the flight training syllabus, and provision for it cannot be included in the minimum
requirements or training hours of the agreed flight training programme. The skill test may be conducted in an FFS, the aeroplane or, in exceptional
circumstances, a combination of both.
COURSE COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
(n) The HT, or a nominated representative, should certify that all training has been carried out before an applicant undertakes a skill test for the type rating to be
included in the pilot’s licence. If an ATO is unable to provide certain elements of the training that is required to be carried out on an aircraft the ATO may issue
such a certificate confirming the completion of the ground training or the training in an FSTD.

AMC3 ORA.ATO.125 Training programme Back to Table Point 60, 61

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.125

TYPE RATING COURSES - HELICOPTERS

(a) Introduction
(1) when developing the training programme for a type rating course, in addition to complying with the standards included in the OSD as established in
accordance with Regulation (EC) 1702/2003 for the applicable type, the ATO should also follow any further recommendations contained therein.
(2) the course should, as far as possible, provide for integrated ground, FSTD and flight training designated to enable the student to operate safely and
qualify for the grant of a type rating. The course should be directed towards a helicopter type, but where variants exist, all flying and ground training
forming the basis of the course should relate to a single variant.
(b) Variants
(1) Familiarisation training: where a helicopter type rating also includes variants of the same aircraft type requiring familiarisation training, the additional
familiarisation training may be included in the theoretical knowledge training of the initial type rating course.

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(2) Differences training: where a helicopter type rating also includes variants of the same aircraft type for which difference training is required, the initial
training course should be directed towards a single variant. Additional training to operate other variants within the same type rating should be completed
after successful completion of the initial type rating course, although elements of this differences training may be undertaken at appropriate stages of the
initial course, with the agreement of the competent authority.
(c) Training in helicopter and FSTDs
The training programme should specify the amounts of flight training in the helicopter type and in FSTDs (FFSs, flight training devices (FTDs), or other training
devices (OTDs)). Where a suitable FFS is geographically remote from the normal training base, the competent authority may agree to some additional training
being included in the programme at a remote facility.
(d) Skill test
The content of the flight training programme should be directed towards the skill test for that type. The practical training given in Part-FCL should be modified as
necessary.
The skill test may be completed in a helicopter, in an FFS or partially in a helicopter and in an FSTD. The use of an FSTD for skill tests is governed by the level of
approval of the flight simulator and the previous experience of the candidate. Where an FSTD is not available, abnormal operations of systems should not be
practised in a helicopter other than as allowed for in the skill test form for the type.
(e) Phase progress tests and final theoretical knowledge examination
Prior to the final theoretical knowledge examination covering the whole syllabus, the training programme should provide for phase progress tests associated with
each phase of theoretical knowledge instruction. The phase progress tests should assess the candidate’s knowledge on completion of each phase of the training
programme.
(f) Facilities: ground school equipment, training facilities and aids
The ATO should provide, as a minimum, facilities for classroom instruction. Additional classroom training aids and equipment including, where appropriate,
computers, should reflect the content of the course and the complexity of the helicopter. For multi-engine and multi-pilot helicopters, the minimum level of
ground training aids should include equipment that provides a realistic cockpit working environment. Task analysis and the latest state-of–the-art training
technology is encouraged and should be fully incorporated into the training facilities wherever possible. Facilities for self and supervised testing should be
available to the student.
(g) Training devices
An FTD or OTD may be provided to supplement classroom training in order to enable students to practice and consolidate theoretical instruction. Where suitable
equipment is not available, or is not appropriate, a helicopter or flight simulator of the relevant variant should be available. If an FTD represents a different
variant of the same helicopter type for which the student is being trained, then differences or familiarisation training is required.
(h) Computer-based training (CBT)
Where CBT aids are used as a training tool, the ATO should ensure that a fully qualified ground instructor is available at all times when such equipment is being
used by course students. Other than for revision periods, CBT lessons should be briefed and debriefed by a qualified ground instructor.
(i) Theoretical knowledge instruction
The theoretical knowledge instruction training should meet the general objectives of giving the student:
(1) a thorough knowledge of the helicopter structure, transmissions, rotors and equipment, powerplant and systems, and their associated limitations;
(2) a knowledge of the positioning and operation of the cockpit controls and indicators for the helicopter and its systems;
(3) a knowledge of performance, flight planning and monitoring, mass and balance, servicing and optional equipment items;
(4) an understanding of system malfunctions, their effect on helicopter operations and interaction with other systems; and

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(5) the understanding of normal, abnormal and emergency procedures and giving the student the understanding of potential control problems near the
edge of the handling envelope. In particular, the phenomenon of ‘servo transparency’ (also known as ‘jack stall’) should be covered for those helicopter
types where it is a known problem.
The amount of time and the contents of the theoretical instruction will depend on the complexity of the helicopter type involved and, to some extent, on
the previous experience of the student.
(j) Flight training
(1) FSTDs
The level of qualification and the complexity of the type will determine the amount of practical training that may be accomplished in an FSTD, including
completion of the skill test. Prior to undertaking the skill test, a student should demonstrate competency in the skill test items during the practical
training.
(2) Helicopter (with FSTD )
With the exception of courses approved for ZFTT, the amount of flight time in a helicopter should be adequate for completion of the skill test.
(3) Helicopters (without FSTD)
Whenever a helicopter is used for training, the amount of flight time practical training should be adequate for the completion of the skill test. The amount
of flight training will depend on the complexity of the helicopter type involved and, to some extent, on the previous experience of the applicant.

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AMC4 ORA.ATO.125 Training programme Back to Table Point 60, 61

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.125

FLIGHT TEST TRAINING COURSES – AEROPLANES AND HELICOPTERS

(a) Introduction
(1) The flight test training course should, as far as possible, provide for a continuous process of ground and flight training to enable the student to
assimilate the knowledge and skills required to conduct flight testing safely and efficiently. The student’s ability to do this should be determined by the
demonstration of a satisfactory level of theoretical knowledge of flight testing determined by progressive checking of knowledge and examination and
progressive assessment by the ATO during flying training. There should be no difference in the level of knowledge or competency required of the student,
irrespective of the intended role of the student as test pilot or other flight test personnel (for example, flight test engineer) within the flight crew.
(2) The flight test training course should normally be conducted as a single, full-time course of study and training.
(b) Programme of theoretical knowledge and flight training
(1) The training programme should specify the time allocated to theoretical knowledge training and flying training.
(2) If the ATO wishes to provide a flight test training course that includes credit for previous experience on flight testing activity, the entry requirements
to such courses should be specified by the ATO and should define the minimum level of experience and qualification required of the flight test crew
member.
GROUND TRAINING
(c) Syllabus
(1) The ground training syllabus should provide for the student to gain a thorough understanding of flight testing techniques.
(d) Theoretical knowledge instruction
(1) The theoretical knowledge instruction training should give the student a thorough knowledge of the academic requirements of flight testing.
(e) Facilities and training aids
(1) The ATO should provide adequate facilities for classroom instruction and have available appropriately qualified and experienced instructors. Training
aids should enable students to gain practical experience of flight testing covered by the theoretical knowledge syllabus and enable such practical
application of the knowledge to be carried out in a multi-crew environment. Facilities should be made available for student self-study outside the formal
training programme.
(f) Computer-based training (CBT)
(1) CBT provides a valuable source of theoretical instruction, enabling the student to progress at his/her own pace within specified time limits. Many such
systems ensure that syllabus subjects are fully covered and progress can be denied until a satisfactory assimilation of knowledge has been demonstrated.
Such systems may allow self-study or distance learning, if they incorporate adequate knowledge testing procedures. When CBT is used as part of the
theoretical knowledge instruction phase, the student should also have access to a suitably qualified instructor able to assist with areas of difficulty for the
student.
(g) Self-study and distance learning
(1) Elements of the theoretical knowledge syllabus may be adequately addressed by distance learning, if approved, or self-study, particularly when
utilising CBT. Progress testing, either by self-assessed or instructor-evaluated means, should be included in any self-study programme. If self-study or

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distance learning is included in the theoretical knowledge training, the course should also provide for an adequate period of supervised consolidation and
knowledge testing prior to the commencement of flight training.
(h) Progress tests and final theoretical knowledge examination
(1) The theoretical knowledge training programme should provide for progressive testing of the assimilation of the required knowledge. This testing
process should also provide for retesting of syllabus items so that a thorough understanding of the required knowledge is assured. This should be
achieved by intervention by a qualified instructor or, if using CBT with a self-testing facility, and by further testing during the supervised consolidation
phase of the ground course.
(2) The theoretical knowledge examinations should cover all areas of the theoretical knowledge syllabus. The examinations should be conducted as
supervised written or oral knowledge tests without reference to course material. The pass mark (as defined by the ATO) assumes the achievement of
satisfactory levels of knowledge during the progressive phase tests of the course. The student should be advised of any areas of lack of knowledge
displayed during the examination and, if necessary, given remedial instruction.
FLIGHT TRAINING
(i) Aeroplane and helicopter training
(1) It is widely accepted that flying training normally involves inherent delay in achieving an acceptable flight situation and configuration for training to
be carried out in accordance with the agreed syllabus. These could include ATC or other traffic delay on the ground prior to take off, the necessity to
climb to height or transit to suitable training areas and the unavoidable need to physically reposition the aircraft for subsequent or repeat manoeuvres or
instrument approaches. In such cases it should be ensured that the training syllabus provides adequate flexibility to enable the minimum amount of
required flight training to be carried out.
FINAL IN-FLIGHT EXERCISE
(j) Upon completion of the flight test training, the test pilot or flight test engineer will be required to undergo in-flight exercise with a flight test instructor (FTI) to
demonstrate adequate competency of flight testing for issue of the flight test rating. The final in-flight exercise must be conducted in an appropriate aeroplane or
helicopter (as applicable).
COURSE COMPLETION CERTIFICATE
(k) The HT is required to certify that the applicant has successfully completed the training course.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.135 Training aircraft and FSTDs Back to Table Point 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72
Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.135

ALL ATOs, EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDING FLIGHT TEST TRAINING

(a) The number of training aircraft may be affected by the availability of FSTDs.
(b) Each training aircraft should be:
(1) equipped as required in the training specifications concerning the course in which it is used;

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(2) except in the case of balloons or single-seat aircraft, fitted with primary flight controls that are instantly accessible by both the student and the
instructor (for example dual flight controls or a centre control stick). Swing-over flight controls should not be used.
(c) The fleet should include, as appropriate to the courses of training:
(1) aircraft suitably equipped to simulate instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) and for the instrument flight training required. For flight training
and testing for the instrument rating, an adequate number of IFR-certificated aircraft should be available;
(2) in the case of aeroplanes and sailplanes, aircraft suitable for demonstrating stalling and spin avoidance;
(3) for the flight instructor (FI) training courses on aeroplanes and sailplanes, aircraft suitable for spin recovery at the developed stage;
(4) in the case of helicopters, helicopters suitable for autorotation demonstration;
(5) in the case of a non-complex ATO, one aircraft fulfilling all the required characteristics for a training aircraft might be sufficient;
(6) each FSTD should be equipped as required in the training specifications concerning the course in which it is used.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.140 Aerodromes and operating sites Back to Table Point 73

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.140

GENERAL
(a) Except in the case of balloons, the base aerodrome or operating site and any alternative base aerodromes at which flight training is being conducted should
have at least the following facilities:
(1) at least one runway or final approach and take-off area (FATO) that allows training aircraft to make a normal take-off or landing within the
performance limits of all the aircraft used for the training flights.
(2) a wind direction indicator that is visible at ground level from the ends of each runway or at the appropriate holding points;
(3) adequate runway electrical lighting if used for night training;
(4) an air traffic service, except for uncontrolled aerodromes or operating sites where the training requirements may be satisfied safely by another
acceptable means of air-to-ground communication.
(b) Except in the case of ATOs providing flight test training, in addition to (a), for helicopters, training sites should be available for:
(1) confined area operation training;
(2) simulated engine off autorotation; and
(3) sloping ground operation.
(c) In the case of balloons, the take-off sites used by the ATO should allow a normal take-off and clearing of all obstacles in the take-off flight path by at least 50
ft.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.145 Pre-requisites for training Back to Table Point 74, 75

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.145
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ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS
ATOs providing training for other than the LAPL, PPL, SPL or BPL and the associated ratings and certificates should establish entrance requirements for students in
their procedures. The entrance requirements should ensure that the students have enough knowledge, particularly of physics and mathematics, to be able to
follow the courses.

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AMC1 ORA.ATO.210 Personnel requirements Back to Table Point 78, 79, 80

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.210

GENERAL
(a) The management structure should ensure supervision of all grades of personnel by persons having the experience and qualities necessary to ensure the
maintenance of high standards. Details of the management structure, indicating individual responsibilities, should be included in the ATOs operations manual.
(b) The ATO should demonstrate to the competent authority that an adequate number of qualified, competent staff is employed.
(c) In the case of an ATO offering integrated courses, the HT, the chief flying instructor (CFI) and the chief theoretical knowledge instructor (CTKI) should be
employed full-time or part-time, depending upon the scope of training offered.
(d) In the case of an ATO offering only one of the following:
(1) modular courses,
(2) type rating courses,
(3) theoretical knowledge instruction,
the positions of HT, CFI and CTKI may be combined and filled by one or two persons with extensive experience in the training conducted by the training
organisation, full-time or part-time, depending upon the scope of training offered.
(e) The ratio of all students to flight instructors, excluding the HT, should not exceed 6:1.
(f) Class numbers in ground subjects involving a high degree of supervision or practical work should not exceed 28 students.
THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTORS
(g) The theoretical knowledge instruction for type or class ratings should be conducted by instructors holding the appropriate type or class rating, or having
appropriate experience in aviation and knowledge of the aircraft concerned.
(h) For this purpose, a flight engineer, a maintenance engineer or a flight operations officer should be considered as having appropriate experience in aviation
and knowledge of the aircraft concerned.

AMC2 ORA.ATO.210 Personnel requirements Back to Table Point 78, 79, 80

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.210

QUALIFICATION OF HEAD OF TRAINING AND CHIEF FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR

(a) Head of training (HT)
The nominated HT should hold or have held in the 3 years prior to first appointment as HT, a professional pilot licence and associated ratings or certificates issued
in accordance with Part-FCL, related to the flight training courses provided.
(b) Chief flight instructor (CFI)

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(1) The CFI may delegate standardisation and supervision to the flight instructors. In all cases it is the CFI who is ultimately responsible for ensuring
quality and standards.
(2) The CFI should, except in the case of ATOs providing flight test training, have completed 1 000 hours of flight time as pilot-in-command (PIC). At
least 500 of those hours should be on flying instructional duties related to the flying courses provided, of which 200 hours may be instrument ground
time.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.230(a) Training manual and operations manual Back to Table Point 83, 84
Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.230

TRAINING MANUAL
Training manuals for use at an ATO conducting integrated or modular flight training courses should include the following:

(a) The training plan:

(1) The aim of the course (ATP, CPL/IR, A statement of what the student is expected to do as a result of the training, the
CPL, etc. as applicable) level of performance, and the training constraints to be observed.

(2) Pre-entry requirements (i) Minimum age, educational requirements (including language), medical
requirements;
(ii) Any individual Member State requirements.

(3) Credits for previous experience To be obtained from the competent authority before training begins.

(4) Training syllabi As applicable, the flying syllabus (single-engine or multi-engine, as applicable), the
flight simulation training syllabus and the theoretical knowledge training syllabus.

(5) The time scale and scale, in weeks, for Arrangements of the course and the integration of syllabi time.
each syllabus

(6) Training programme (i) The general arrangements of daily and weekly programmes for flying, theoretical
knowledge training and training in FSTDs, if applicable;
(ii) Bad weather constraints;
(iii) Programme constraints in terms of maximum student training times, (flying,
theoretical knowledge, on FSTDs), for example per day, week or month;

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(iv) Restrictions in respect of duty periods for students;

(v) Duration of dual and solo flights at various stages;
(vi) Maximum flying hours in any day or night;
(vii) Maximum number of training flights in any day or night;
(viii) Minimum rest period between duty periods.

(7) Training records (i) Rules for security of records and documents;
(ii) Attendance records;
(iii) The form of training records to be kept;
(iv) Persons responsible for checking records and students’ log books;
(v) The nature and frequency of record checks;
(vi) Standardisation of entries in training records;
(vii) Rules concerning log book entries.
(8) Safety training (i) Individual responsibilities;
(ii) Essential exercises;
(iii) Emergency drills (frequency);
(iv) Dual checks (frequency at various stages);
(v) Requirement before first solo day, night or navigation etc. if applicable.
(9) Tests and examinations (i) Flying:
(A) progress checks;
(B) skill tests.
(ii) Theoretical knowledge:
(A) progress tests;
(B) theoretical knowledge examinations.
(iii) Authorisation for test;
(iv) Rules concerning refresher training before retest;
(v) Test reports and records;
(vi) Procedures for examination paper preparation, type of question and assessment,
standard required for ‘pass’;
(vii) Procedure for question analysis and review and for raising replacement papers;
(viii) Examination resit procedures.

(10) Training effectiveness (i) Individual responsibilities;

(ii) General assessment;
(iii) Liaison between departments;
(iv) Identification of unsatisfactory progress (individual students);

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(v) Actions to correct unsatisfactory progress;

(vi) Procedure for changing instructors;
(vii) Maximum number of instructor changes per student;
(viii) Internal feedback system for detecting training deficiencies;
(ix) Procedure for suspending a student from training;
(x) Discipline;
(xi) Reporting and documentation.

(11) Standards and level of performance (i) Individual responsibilities;

at various stages (ii) Standardisation;
(iii) Standardisation requirements and procedures;
(iv) Application of test criteria.

(b) Briefing and air exercises:

(1) Air exercise A detailed statement of the content specification of all the air exercises to be taught,
arranged in the sequence to be flown with main and subtitles.

(2) Air exercise reference list An abbreviated list of the above exercises giving only main and subtitles for quick
reference, and preferably in flip-card form to facilitate daily use by instructors.

(3) Course structure: phase of training A statement of how the course will be divided into phases, indication of how the
above air exercises will be divided between the phases and how they will be
arranged to ensure that they are completed in the most suitable learning sequence
and that essential (emergency) exercises are repeated at the correct frequency.
Also, the syllabus hours for each phase and for groups of exercises within each
phase should be stated and when progress tests are to be conducted, etc.

(4) Course structure: integration of syllabi The manner in which theoretical knowledge and flight training in an aircraft or an
FSTD will be integrated so that as the flying training exercises are carried out
students will be able to apply the knowledge gained from the associated theoretical
knowledge instruction and flight training.

(5) Student progress The requirement for student progress and include a brief but specific statement of
what a student is expected to be able to do and the standard of proficiency he/she
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must achieve before progressing from one phase of air exercise training to the next.
Include minimum experience requirements in terms of hours, satisfactory exercise
completion, etc. as necessary before significant exercises, for example night flying.

(6) Instructional methods The ATO requirements, particularly in respect of pre- and post-flying briefing,
adherence to syllabi and training specifications, authorisation of solo flights, etc.

(7) Progress tests The instructions given to examining staff in respect of the conduct and
documentation of all progress tests.

(8) Glossary of terms Definition of significant terms as necessary.

(9) Appendices (i) Progress test report forms;

(ii) Skill test report forms;
(iii) ATO certificates of experience, competence, etc. as required.

(c) Flight training in an FSTD, if applicable:

Structure generally as for (b)

(d) Theoretical knowledge instruction:

(1) Structure of the theoretical knowledge A statement of the structure of the course, including the general sequence of the
course topics to be taught in each subject, the time allocated to each topic, the breakdown
per subject and an example of a course schedule. Distance learning courses should
include instructions of the material to be studied for individual elements of the
course.

(2) Lesson plans A description of each lesson or group of lessons including teaching materials,
training aids, progress test organisation and inter-connection of topics with other
subjects.

(3) Teaching materials Specification of the training aids to be used (for example study materials, course
manual references, exercises, self-study materials, demonstration equipment).

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(4) Student progress The requirement for student progress, including a brief but specific statement of the
standard that must be achieved and the mechanism for achieving this, before
application for theoretical knowledge examinations.

(5) Progress testing The organisation of progress testing in each subject, including topics covered,
evaluation methods and documentation.

(6) Review procedure The procedure to be followed if the standard required at any stage of the course is
not achieved, including an agreed action plan with remedial training if required.

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AMC1 ORA.ATO.230(b) Training manual and operations manual Back to Table Point 83, 84
Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.230

ALL ATOs, EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDING FLIGHT TEST TRAINING

OPERATIONS MANUAL

The operations manual for use at an ATO conducting integrated or modular flight training courses should include the following:

(a) General:

(1) a list and description of all volumes in the operations manual;

(2) administration (function and management);
(3) responsibilities (all management and administrative staff);
(4) student discipline and disciplinary action;
(5) approval or authorisation of flights;
(6) preparation of flying programme (restriction of numbers of aircraft in poor weather);
(7) command of aircraft;
(8) responsibilities of the PIC;
(9) carriage of passengers;
(10) aircraft documentation;
(11) retention of documents;
(12) flight crew qualification records (licences and ratings);
(13) revalidation (medical certificates and ratings);
(14) flight duty period and flight time limitations (flying instructors);
(15) flight duty period and flight time limitations (students);
(16) rest periods (flight instructors);
(17) rest periods (students);
(18) pilots’ log books;
(19) flight planning (general);
(20) safety (general): equipment, radio listening watch, hazards, accidents and incidents (including reports), safety pilots etc..

(b) Technical:

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(1) aircraft descriptive notes;

(2) aircraft handling (including checklists, limitations, maintenance and technical logs, in accordance with relevant requirements, etc.);
(3) emergency procedures;
(4) radio and radio navigation aids;
(5) allowable deficiencies (based on the master minimum equipment list (MMEL), if available).
(c) Route:

(1) performance (legislation, take-off, route, landing etc.);

(2) flight planning (fuel, oil, minimum safe altitude, navigation equipment etc.);
(3) loading (load sheets, mass, balance and limitations);
(4) weather minima (flying instructors);
(5) weather minima (students – at various stages of training);
(6) training routes or areas.

(d) Personnel training

(1) appointments of persons responsible for standards/competence of flight personnel;

(2) initial training;
(3) refresher training;
(4) standardisation training;
(5) proficiency checks;
(6) upgrading training;
(7) ATO personnel standards evaluation.

AMC1 ORA.ATO.300 General Back to Table Point 85, 86, 87

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.300

DISTANCE LEARNING
(a) A variety of methods is open to ATOs to present course material. It is, however, necessary for ATOs to maintain comprehensive records in order to ensure
that students make satisfactory academic progress and meet the time constraints laid down in Part-FCL for the completion of modular courses.
(b) The following are given as planning guidelines for ATOs developing the distance learning element of modular courses:
(1) an assumption that a student will study for at least 15 hours per week;
(2) an indication throughout the course material of what constitutes a week’s study;
(3) a recommended course structure and order of teaching;

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(4) one progress test for each subject for every 15 hours of study, which should be submitted to the ATO for assessment. Additional self-assessed
progress tests should be completed at intervals of five to 10 study hours;
(5) appropriate contact times throughout the course when a student can have access to an instructor by telephone, fax, email or the Internet;
(6) measurement criteria to determine whether a student has satisfactorily completed the appropriate elements of the course to a standard that, in the
judgement of the HT, or CGI, will enable them to be entered for the Part-FCL theoretical examinations with a good prospect of success;
(7) if the ATO provides the distance learning by help of IT solutions, for example the Internet, instructors should monitor students’ progress by
appropriate means.

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AMC1 ORA.ATO.330 General Back to Table Point 92, 93, 94

Back to Regulatory References ORA.ATO.330

INITIAL APPROVAL
For an initial approval to conduct ZFTT, the operator should have held an air operator's certificate for commercial air transport for at least 1 year. This period may
be reduced where the operator and the ATO have experience of type rating training.

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