Data Transmission

I. INTRODUCTION

using Light In 1864 James Clerk Maxwell proved the

existence of electromagnetic waves [1]
and after deep research and

Fidelity development, the ability to

communicate by using electromagnetic
waves was developed and now has

Communications been deeply integrated into many

aspects. The requirement for high data
rate has increased exponentially in the
last decade so people want their
devices to be connected to the internet
Abstract
most of the time to check the latest
Since the origin of wireless communication, it news to stream in high-quality video
has gained huge popularity and acceptance in etc. With the advent of lot more
the whole world, providing a setup which uses devices which connect to the internet
a minimum number of cables for transmission will result in congestion and decrease
of data. Light Fidelity is a wireless the overall efficiency of the system.
communication technology which uses light to The term Li-Fi, which refers to the use
transmit data from one location to another by of illumination for data transmission,
virtue of light emitting diodes. Data is was coined by Harald Hass at the
transmitted through Light Emitting Diode bulbs University of Edinburgh in 2011 [2].The
whose intensity varies. Depending on this Communication technology,
variation, communication occurs digitally. which is high speed can be compared to
There has been an explosive growth in wireless Wi-Fi, but it is quicker, allowing users
communications over the last few decades in to send and receive more data in less
its application's cellular telephony, wireless time. By merely swapping incandescent
internet and wireless home networking arenas. bulbs with LEDs - which have
As we have advanced so has the data processed electronic properties - Li-Fi could bring
and transmitted has increased exponentially the Internet gain access to more
leading to Big Data problems. Wireless media areas and will revolutionize the
is now becoming less efficient in handling large telecoms industry. In recent times,
amounts of data signaling to an innovation in wireless technology has experienced
communications. This paper is intended to remarkable growth and has become an
provide the reader with an overview of essential component in our daily lives.
innovation that has been attained with the help With the increasing demand for wireless
of lasers to transmit audio, video, text and communication, it has become a vital
elaborates on how it is being used along with part of the communication process. Li-
the future developments. Fi uses LEDs with high modulation
bandwidth and fast switching speeds to
Keywords: Light Fidelity, Video Transmission, efficiently transmit data through light
Audio Transmission, Text-Data Transmission, modulation. Data transfer is important,
Wireless Fidelity, Data Rate
 but current wireless networks are slow
when multiple devices are connected
[3,4]. As more devices access the LEDs are small, efficient light bulbs
Internet, it is harder to maintain high that are powered by electronic
data rates and secure connections semiconductor materials, allowing for
owing to limited bandwidth [4]. manipulation of the light intensity to
send data through small amplitude
changes.

3. Auxiliary cable (AUX)

Figure 1. Location Of Visible Light and Rf Frequencies at

Electromagnetic Spectrum [5]. Figure 4: AUX Cable

AUX ports are used to connect audio

II.HARDWARE COMPONENTS equipment, like digital music players or
speakers, to peripheral sound sources.
A. Transmitter: This port can be found in mediums such
1. Laser as a vehicle's audio jack. The peripheral
sound device receives audio signals and
plays them back through connected
speakers.

4. Battery (9V Connector)

Figure 2: Laser Light

A laser stimulates atoms or molecules to emit

amplified light at a specific wavelength, producing
a narrow beam of radiation [6]. Laser stands
for "light amplification by stimulated emission
of radiation."
Figure 5: 9V Connector
2. Light-Emitting Diodes (LED)
This battery type is used in walkie-
talkies, smoke alarms, and other
devices. It comes in various designs
Figure 3: Light Emitting Diode (LED) such as carbon- zinc, alkaline, and
lithium iron disulfide.

5. Microcontroller
 8. Transformer

The potential transformer steps down the

voltage from 0-230V to 0-6V. Its secondary
is then connected to a precision rectifier
made with an op-amp. This gives a peak
voltage output as DC, which is an advantage
over other circuits that only provide RMS
Figure 6: Microcontroller output.

In this system, we used the PIC 16F877A, a B. Receiver:

widely used 8-bit microcontroller from
1. Solar Panel
Microchip Technologies. It's a CMOS FLASH-
based microcontroller that's compatible with
PIC16C5x, PIC12Cxxx, and PIC16C7x devices.

6. UART

Figure 9: Solar Panel

We used a solar panel as a broadband

Figure 7: UART receiver and a solar concentrator to
increase its intensity. The LED driver
Microcontrollers use UARTs to transmit data
transmits encoded audio data to the
one bit at a time, which are then reassembled
LED, which digitizes and transmits it to
into bytes at the destination with a second
the self- sufficient solar cells.
UART.
2. Speaker
7. RS-232

Figure 10: Speaker

We use a speaker to convert signals

into sound for reception by an audio
receptor in this study.
Figure 8: Parts of RS-232
 III.COMPARISON BETWEEN LI-FI AND WI-FI

Li-Fi was discovered in 2011 to overcome Wi-Fi

limitations. Wi-Fi's speed of up to 1500Mbps
may not be sufficient for multiple users.

Figure 11: Block Diagram

of Audio Signal
Transmission

2. Video Transmission: The video on the

transmitting end is sent to the Li-Fi module
via software, which then transmits the data
through light to the photodetector. The
receiving end PC receives this data and
transmits a high-quality video using Li-Fi [8].

Table 1. Basic Difference Between Li-fi and Wi-

Fi

IV.BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 12: Block Diagram of
1. Audio Transmission: After making connections Video Transmission Signal
through the jumpers first test the transmitter by
3. Text Transmission: Li-Fi technology uses a
checking whether the laser is working a multimeter
transmitter and a receiver system. The
can be used to check all the connections. Similarly
transmitter has an Arduino microcontroller
check the receiver with the help of a multimeter. It
that converts input data to binary bits and
will show the reading of the voltage output of the
transmits it to the receiver via a blinking
solar panel. The laser used gives a change of 0.2
LED. The receiver detects the LED's on and
volts when directed towards the solar panel [7].
off blinking pattern using an LDR or
phototransistor, reads it as 1 or 0, and sends
it to another Arduino acting as a decoder.
The final output is displayed on a receiver
PC. Check the block diagram for a better
understanding [9].
 Opaque objects can block data
transmission, and different types of light
can affect data speed. Li-Fi has a shorter
range than Wi-Fi because light waves
cannot pass through walls. Additionally,
installing a full data network with Li-Fi can
be expensive.

V. CHALLENGES AND ISSUES

There are some fundamental challenges

that require our attention and need to be
addressed:
Figure 13: Block Diagram of Text Transmission Signal
1. External light sources can create noise
signals and glitches in the original signal.
2. Flickering is a fundamental challenge that
requires attention. Frequent fluctuations
IV. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LI-FI
can affect human vision in the long run.
A. Advantages of Li-Fi: 3. Li-Fi is best suited for localized
environments since light cannot pass
1. Effectiveness: LED lighting minimizes energy
through opaque objects. The system
consumption and reduces costs for data requires a clean visible line of sight for
transmission due to its low power usage.
proper communication.
2. High Speed: Li-Fi enables high-speed data transfer 4. For optimal function, Li-Fi requires a clear
at over 1 Gbps with suitable equipment. line of sight [11].
3. Availableness: Light is everywhere and can be
used to establish an internet connection. Light
bulbs, found in various locations including homes, VI. CONCLUSION
offices, shops, malls, and aircraft, can be used to In this research, we propose a system
transmit data. that can transmit a real-time audio,
4. Cheaper: Li-Fi uses minimal components and video, and text data using Li-Fi
power for data transmission. technology, which is a secure, low-cost,
5. Security: Li-Fi technology is highly secure due to and reliable communication method
the inability of light to penetrate solid structures. It that can be used in various
can be used only within an enclosed area, making it applications. To demonstrate the
resistant to misuse or blocking outside the effectiveness of this technology, we
operational zone [10]. built a Li-Fi prototype using two
Arduinos that adjusts the period in the
B. Disadvantages of Li-Fi: transmitter, resulting in faster data
Li-Fi technology has some limitations. It transmission. Our system was capable of
requires a light source to access the transmitting audio and video signals up
Internet, which restricts its use to to 10 m, and we further improved its
certain areas. performance by adding a focusing lens.
 [13] https://edit.paperpal.com/documents/e
0b2e105-f24d-45c6-959d-
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