International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)

ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438

Effect of Fly Ash and GBFS on Strength Parameters

of Concrete
S. Saran Raj1, Dr. K. Chandrasekhar Reddy2
1
P.G Student, Dept of Civil Engineering, Siddhartha Institute of Engineering & Technology, Puttur, A.P.India
2
Professor of Civil Engineering & Principal, Siddhartha Institute of Engineering & Technology, Puttur, A. P, India

Abstract: Concrete is widely used material for various types of structures due to its structural stability and strength. To reduce cost by
using partial replacement of cement by fly ash and sand by GBFS it is economically better than normal concrete. And to reduce the
volume of waste material from industries. By using these products in concrete it is safe in environment. Our aim is to study the
properties of concrete by partially replacing cement by fly ash and fine aggregate (sand) by granulated blast furnace slag for m30 grade
of concrete . Now in this project only 53 grade of cement is used. This paper reports comparative study on effects of concrete properties
by partially replacement of OPC of 53 grade with fly ash and sand were partially replaced by blast furnace slag. The main variable
investigated in the study of variation of fly ash dosage of 10% and slag dosage of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The compressive strength and
split tensile strength of m30 grade of concrete was mainly studied. Test results shows that, inclusion of fly ash and GBFS generally
improves the concrete properties up-to certain percentage of replacement in53 grade of cement.

Keywords: Compressive strength, Workability, Split tensile strength .Fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag.

1. Introduction 2.2 Fine Aggregate

Concrete is a widely used construction material for various Natural sand as per IS: 383-1987 was used. Locally available River
types of structures due to its structural stability and strength. sand having bulk density 1860 kg/m3 was used The properties of
The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main fine aggregate are shown in Tab 2.
ingredients used for the production of concrete and has no
alternative in the civil construction industry. Hence it is Table 2: Properties of fine aggregate
inevitable either to search for another material or partly put S.NO Property Result
back it by some other material. The search for any such 1. Specific gravity 2.7
material, which can be used as an alternative or as a 2. Fineness modulus 3.12
3. Grading zone IV
supplementary for cement should lead to global sustainable
development and lowest possible environmental impact.
2.3 Coarse Aggregate
In this thesis, the different admixtures were used to study
their sole and combined effects on the resistance of concrete Crushed aggregate confirming to IS: 383-1987 was used.
in addition to their effects on mechanical and stability Aggregates of size 20mm and 12.5 mm of specific gravity
properties by the replacement of cement by 10% fly ash and 2.84 and fineness modulus 8.47 were used.
sand replacement 10%, 20%, 30% of slag, cement by 20%
fly ash and sand replacement 10%, 20, 30% of slag, cement 2.4. Fly Ash
replacement of 30%fly ash and sand replacement 10%, 20%,
30% of slag. Fly ash used was confirming to grade1 of IS: 3812-1981
and was supplied by Fly ash is collected from RTPP. The
fly ash is used as a partial replacement of cement. The
2. Material Specifications properties of fly ash are shown in Table 3.
2.1. Cement Table 3: Properties of fly ash
Specific gravity 2.5
Ordinary Portland Cement of Anjani brand of 53 grade Physical form Powder
confirming to IS: 4031 (Part 4): 1988 was used in the Size (Micron) 0.1
present study. The properties of cement are shown in Table Colour Dark grey
1. SIO2 (60-65)%
Al2O3 (20-25)%
Table 1: Properties of Cement
S.NO Property Result 2.5. Granulated Blast Furnace Slag:
1. Normal consistency 32%
2. Initial setting time 45 min Blast furnace slag is a non-metallic product consisting
3. Specific gravity 3.15 essentially of calcium silicates and other bases. The size of
4. Fineness of cement 5% slag is that passing through 4.75mm IS sieve is also used as
sand up to 30% replacement of sand. The used slag contains

Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2015

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Paper ID: SUB154249 877
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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
sized particles only. determination of compressive strength, splitting tensile
strength tests.
Table 4: Physical properties of slag
S.NO Property Result 4.3. Experimental Procedure
1. Specific gravity 1.71
2. Physical form Sized particles The specimen of standard cube of (150mm x 150mm x
3. Colour Pale white 150mm) and standard cylinders of (300mm x 100mm) were
used to determine the compressive strength, split Tensile
2.6. Water strength. Three specimens were tested for 7 & 28 days with
each proportion of Fly ash and GBFS replacement. Totally
According to ACI water used for preparing concrete should 30 cubes and 30 cylinders were cast for the strength
be of potable quality. In this investigation ordinary tap parameters and the constituents were weighed and the
water, which is fit for drinking, has been used in preparing materials were mixed by hand mixing. The water binder
all concrete mixes and curing. ratio (W/B) (Binder = Cement + Partial replacement of fly
ash and GBFS as per procedure) adopted was 0.45 weight of
3. Methodology of the Study binder. The concrete was filled in different layers and each
layer was compacted. The specimens were remolded after 24
The following are to be carried out in order to achieve the hrs. Cured in water for 7 & 28 days, and then tested for its
research objectives. compressive and split tensile as per Indian Standards.
 To collect the fly ash from thermal power plant RTPP and
collect the blast furnace slag from steel plant. 5. Test Results and Discussions
 Sieve the slag by using of 4.75mm sieve.
 To study about the fly ash and slag. Results of fresh and hardened concrete with partial
 To study about the strength of replacement of fly ash and replacement of fly ash by cement and by GBFS are
slag in concrete. discussed in comparison with those of normal concrete
 Study on acid attack in concrete .
Analysis of experimental results to draw conclusions. Table 5: Results of Compressive strength for M30 grade of
concrete
4. Test Results and Discussions % of FA+ % of GBFS Compressive strength
Mix added (N/mm2)
% of FA % of GBFS 7 Days 28 Days
This section describes the results of the tests carried out to M1 0 0 28.74 39.25
investigate the various properties of the concrete when M2 10 10 42.66 46.88
partially replacements of cement by fly ash and sand by M3 10 20 33.99 35.99
GBFS. In the succeeding parts, the results for workability, M4 10 30 30.66 32.88
compressive strength, splitting tensile strength are presented.
5.1. Compressive Strength
4.1. Fresh Concrete Properties
The results of compressive strength were presented in Table
4.1.1. Workability Test 3. The test was carried out conforming to IS 516-1959 to
Workability is defined as the properties of freshly mixed obtain compressive strength of concrete at the age of 7 and
concrete or mortar which determines the ease and 28 days. The cubes were tested using Compression Testing
homogeneity with which it can be mixed, placed, Machine (CTM) of capacity 2000Kn. From table.3 the
consolidated and finished. The workability was measured by compressive strength is up to 42.66 N/mm2 and 46.88
conducting slump cone test and compaction factor test in N/mm2 at 7 and 28 days. The maximum compressive
accordance with IS: 1199-1959. strength is observed at 10% replacement of fly ash and 10%,
20%, 30% replacement of GBFS. There is a significant
improvement in the compressive strength of concrete when
addition of fly ash and GBFS in the concrete.

Figure 1: Slump Test

4.2. Hardened Concrete Properties

The different tests that have been carried out to establish the Figure 2: Effect of fly ash and GBFS on compressive
hardened properties of the concrete samples produced were; strength of concrete
Volume 4 Issue 5, May 2015
www.ijsr.net
Paper ID: SUB154249 878
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2013): 4.438
5.2. Split Tensile Strength References
The results of Split Tensile strength were presented in Table [1] B. Mather, “Concrete--Year 2000, Revisited”, ACI
3. The test was carried out conforming to IS 516-1959 to journal, vol-144, pp. 31-40, 1994
obtain Split tensile strength of concrete at the age of 7 and [2] Taiwan, Concrete International, vol-17, pp 71-76, 1995
28 days. The cylinders were tested using Compression etc.
Testing Machine (CTM) of capacity 2000Kn.From [3] International Symposium on “innovative world of
table.3the increase in strength is 2.76N/mm2 and 3.97N/mm2 concrete”, Vol- II, IWC-98 proceedings.
at 7 and 28 days. The maximum increase in split tensile [4] Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Fly
strength is observed at 10% replacement of Fly ash and 10% Ash, Silica Fume,Slag and Natural Pozzolans in
Replacement of GBFS. The optimum10% replacement of Concrete, Vol-II Editor, V.M.Malhotra.
Fly ash and 10% replacement of GBFS percentages for [5] The Indian Concrete Journal, Vol.80, June 2006.
tensile strengths have been found to be a function of w/cm [6] Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol.58, June 2006.
ratio of the mix. The optimum 28-day split tensile strength
has been obtained in the range of 0–10%.

Table 6: Results of Split Tensile Strength for M30 grade of

concrete
% of FA and % of GBFS Split Tensile Strength
Mix added (N/mm2)
% of FA % of GBFS 7 Days 28 Days
M1 0 0 3.48 3.68
M2 10 10 2.76 3.97
M3 10 20 2.32 3.61
M4 10 30 2.41 3.04

Figure 3: Effect of Fly ash & GBFS on split tensile strength

of concrete

6. Conclusions
Consistency of cement depends upon its fineness. With
increasing of fly ash and slag percentages in concrete then
the workability should be increased gradually as compared
to normal concrete. The physical properties of cement with
the replacement of fly ash and slag were found to be
increase with the increasing of the percentages of
admixtures. Although the soundness of cement was found to
be increase after replacement of admixtures. The
Compressive strength of concrete for 10% FA and 10%
GBFS is more compared to that for 10% FA and 20% GBFS
and 10% FA and 30% GBFS. The split tensile strength
values were found to be gradually decreased while the
combination of percentage replacement of admixtures is
increased.

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