CORRESPONDENCE TABLE and COMPARISON SUMMARY OF THE

BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023, (BSA) and THE INDIAN

EVIDENCE ACT, 1872, (IEA)
BSA IEA Subject Summary of comparision
Section Section
1 1 Short title, application and Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (IEA) provided that it
commencement. extended to the whole of India, whereas Bharatiya
Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) excludes this
provision of territorial extent.
2 IEA 3 Definitions. Interpretation clauses, which include words and
Interpret expressions and are interpreted in paragraphs in the
ation IEA, are now defined under Section 2(1):
clause Definitions, where each word and expression is
given individual alphabetical clauses. BSA excludes
the interpretation of "India" previously given in
Section 3 of the IEA.
2(1)(a) 3, para 1 "Court". No change.
2(1)(b) 4, para 3 "conclusive proof". "Act" is replaced with "Adhiniyam".
Wherever the word “Act” is used in IEA the word
“Adhiniyam” is used in BSA, therefore, this fact will
not be specifically mentioned in this table
hereinafter.
Word "means" is added.
2(1) (c) 3, para 8 "disproved". Words "A fact is said to be disproved" are replaced
by "in relation to a fact, means".
2(1)(d) 3, para 5 "document". The words "or otherwise recorded" and "or any other
means", "and includes electronic and digital records"
are added.
2(1)(e ) 3, para 6 "evidence". "Words" "including statements given electronically"
in (e ) (i) and "or digital" in (e ) (ii) are added.
2(1)(f) 3, para 2 "fact". Word "man" is replaced by "person" in illustrations
and illustration (e)-"That a man has a certain
reputation, is a fact" is now excluded in BSA.
2(1)(g) 3, para 4 "facts in issue". No change.
2(1)(h) 4, para 1 "may presume". No change.
2(1)(i) 3, para 9 "not proved". No change.
2(1)(j) 3, para 7 "proved". No change.
2(1)(k) 3, para 3 "relevant". No change.
2(1)(l) 4, para 2 "shall presume". No change.
2(2) New Words and expressions. Newly added. “Words and expressions used herein
and not defined but defined in the Information
Technology Act, 2000 (21 of 2000), the Bharatiya
Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, and the Bharatiya
Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, shall have the same meanings
as assigned to them in the said Act and Sanhitas.”

© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal

 3 5 Evidence maybe given of facts No change.
in issue and relevant facts.
4 6 Relevancy of facts forming part No change.
of same transaction.
5 7 Facts which are occasion, cause Words "or relevant facts" added in heading.
or effect of facts in issue or
relevant facts.
6 8 Motive, preparation and previous In explanation. And in illustrations "vakils" is
or subsequent conduct. replaced by "advocates" "man" is replaced by
"person" and "ravished" is replaced by " raped".
7 9 Facts necessary to explain or Words "fact in issue or" are added in the heading.
introduce fact in issue or "A" is replaced by "he".
relevant facts.
8 10 Things said or done by No change except in illustrations, "Government of
conspirator in reference to India" is replaced by "State", and city names are
common design. changed from Calcutta to Kolkata, Bombay to
Mumbai, and Kabul to Singapore.
9 11 When facts not otherwise No Change except in illustrations cities names are
relevant become relevant. changed from Calcutta to Chennai and Lahore to
Laddakh.
10 12 Facts tending to enable Court to No change except in the heading, where the words
determine amount are relevant in "In suits for damages" are placed at the end instead
suits for damages. of the beginning.
11 13 Facts relevant when right or No change.
custom is in question.
12 14 Facts showing existence of state In illustrations, word "coin" is replaced by
of mind, or of body or bodily "currency" and "carriage" is replaced by "cars".
feeling.
13 15 Facts bearing on question In illustrations, word "rupee" is replaced by
whether act was accidental or "currency".
intentional.
14 16 Existence of course of business No change.
when relevant.
15 17 Admission defined. No change.
16 18 Admission by party to Headings of paragraphs are excluded and written as
proceeding or his agent. subsections and clauses.
17 19 Admissions by persons whose No change.
position must be proved as
against party to suit.
18 20 Admissions by persons expressly No change.
referred to by party to suit.
19 21 Proof of admissions against Word "coin" is replaced by "currency".
persons making them, and by or
on their behalf.
20 22 When oral admissions as to No change.
contents of documents are
relevant.
© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal
 21 23 Admissions in civil cases when Words "barrister, pleader, attorney or vakil" are
relevant. replaced by "advocate".
22(1) 24 Confession caused by The word "coercion" is added. Section 28 IEA and
inducement, threat, coercion or Section 29 IEA are given as provisos to Section 22
promise, when irrelevant in of the BSA. Heading is dropped as sections are
criminal proceeding. included as provisos.
First 28 Confession made after removal Heading is dropped as section is included as proviso.
proviso of impression caused by
to inducement, threat or promise,
section relevant.
22
Second 29 Confession otherwise relevant Heading is dropped as section is included as proviso.
proviso not to become irrelevant because
to of promise of secrecy, etc.
section
22
23(1) 25 Confession to police officer. Words "not to be proved" are excluded from
heading.
23(2) 26 Confession by accused while in Heading is dropped as the section is included as a
custody of police not to be subsection. Word "whilst" is replaced by "while"
proved against him. and words "such person" are replaced by "him".
Proviso 27 How much of information Heading is dropped as the section is included as
to received from accused may be proviso.
section proved.
23
24 30 Consideration of proved A new explanation II is added, mentioning that "A
confession affecting person trial of more persons than one held in the absence of
making it and others jointly the accused who has absconded or who fails to
under trial for same offence. comply with a proclamation issued under Section 84
of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023,
shall be deemed to be a joint trial for the purpose of
this section."

25 31 Admissions not conclusive No change.

proof, but may estop.
26 32 Cases in which statement of Word "namely" is added and headings of
relevant fact by person who is subsections are dropped. In illustration word
dead or cannot be found, etc., is "ravished" is replaced by "raped" and word "banya"
relevant. is replaced by "business".
27 33 Relevancy of certain evidence No change except that word "that" is replaced by
for proving, in subsequent "and" in proviso.
proceeding, truth of facts therein
stated.
28 34 Entries in books of account No change except the words "include those
when relevant. maintained in an electronic form" are excluded from
the heading.

© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal

 29 35 Relevancy of entry in public No change.
record or an electronic record
made in performance of duty.
30 36 Relevancy of statements in No change.
maps, charts and plans.
31 37 Relevancy of statement as to fact Words "any Act of Parliament 4 (of the United
of public nature contained in Kingdom) or or in any 5 Central Act, Provincial Act
certain Acts or notifications. or 6 a State Act or in a Government notification or
notification by the Crown Representative appearing
in the Official Gazette or in any printed paper
purporting to be the London Gazette or the
Government Gazette of any Dominion, colony, or
possession of his Majesty is a relevant fact." are
replaced by "any Central Act or State Act or in a
Central Government or State Government
notification appearing in the respective Official
Gazette or in any printed paper or in electronic or
digital form purporting to be such Gazette, is a
relevant fact".
32 38 Relevancy of statements as to Words "including in electronic or digital form" are
any law contained in law books added in heading as well as in the main text of the
including electronic or digital section.
form.
33 39 What evidence to be given when No change.
statement forms part of a
conversation, document,
electronic record, book or series
of letters or papers.
34 40 Previous judgments relevant to No change.
bar a second suit or trial.
35 41 Relevancy of certain judgments The word "Tribunal" is added. Paragraph "Such
in probate, etc., jurisdiction. judgment, order or decree is conclusive proof that"
is given as subsection (2) and conditions under this
are enumerated as (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv). The word
"that" is excluded.
36 42 Relevancy and effect of No change.
judgments, orders or decrees,
other than those mentioned in
section35[41 IEA].
37 43 Judgments, etc., other than those No change.
mentioned in sections 34, 35 and
36 [40to 42 IEA] when relevant.
38 44 Fraud or collusion in obtaining No change.
judgment, or incompetency of
Court, may be proved.
39(1) 45 Opinions of experts. Words "or any other field" are added. Thus, scope is
expanded greatly.
© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal
39(2) 45A Opinion of Examiner of Heading is dropped as section is added as a
Electronic Evidence. subsection.
40 46 Facts bearing upon opinions of No change.
experts.
41(1) 47 Opinion as to handwriting and Words "and signature" are added in heading.
signature, when relevant.
41(2) 47A Opinion as to electronic Heading is dropped as section is added as a
signature, when relevant. subsection.
42 48 Opinion as to existence of general No change.
custom or right, when relevant.
43 49 Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., Paragraphs are numbered as clauses (i), (ii) and (iii).
when relevant.
44 50 Opinion on relationship, when No change.
relevant.
45 51 Grounds of opinion, when No change.
relevant.
46 52 In civil cases character to prove No change.
conduct imputed, irrelevant.
47 53 In criminal cases previous good No change.
character relevant.
48 53A Evidence of character or No change.
previous sexual experience not
relevant in certain cases.
49 54 Previous bad character not No change.
relevant, except in reply.
50 55 Character as affecting damages. No change.
51 56 Fact judicially noticeable need No change.
not be proved.
52 57 Facts of which Court shall take Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1) and (2),
judicial notice. and facts enumeration as (1) to (13) is replaced by
alphabetic clauses (a) to (l), excluding (2), (3), and
(5). These exclusions remove colonial vestiges from
the text. A new clause (b) is newly added,
mentioning "international treaty, agreement or
convention with country or countries by India, or
decisions made by India at the international
associations or other bodies;".
53 58 Facts admitted need not be No change.
proved.
54 59 Proof of facts by oral evidence. Words "or electronic records" are excluded.
55 60 Oral evidence to be direct. In heading word "must" is replaced by "to" and
paragraph are numbered as clauses (i), (ii), (iii)and
(iv). Word "also" is replaced by "further".
56 61 Proof of contents of documents. No change.
57 62 Primary evidence. 4 new explanations are added.
58 63 Secondary evidence. Words "means and" are excluded and three new
clauses (vi), (vii), and (viii) are added.
© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal
59 64 Proof of documents by primary No change.
evidence.
60 65 Cases in which secondary The word "namely" is added and paragraph of clause
evidence relating to documents (a) are numbered as (i), (ii), and (iii).
may be given.
61 New Electronic or digital record. “Nothing in this Adhiniyam shall apply to deny the
admissibility of an electronic or digital record in the
evidence on the ground that it is an electronic or
digital record and such record shall, subject to
section 63, have the same legal effect, validity and
enforceability as other document.”
62 65A Special provisions as to evidence No change.
relating to electronic record.
63 65B Admissibility of electronic Words "or semiconductor memory"
records. "or any communication device or otherwise stored,
recorded, or copied in any electronic form" is added
in subsection (1). Words "communication device",
"create" are added in subsection (2). In subsection
(3), the word "computer" is replaced by "by means
of one or more computers or communication
devices," and new clauses (a) to (e) are added newly.
In subsection (4), the words "that is to say" are
replaced by "shall be submitted along with the
electronic record at each instance where it is being
submitted for admission, namely:". The words "or a
communication device referred to in clauses (a) to
(e) of sub-section (3)" are added to clause (b) of
subsection (4), and in clause (c), the words "person
occupying a responsible official position in relation
to the operation of the relevant device or the
management of the relevant activities" are replaced
by "person in charge of the computer or
communication device or the management of the
relevant activities". The words "and an expert" and
"in the certificate specified in the schedule" are
added. Clause (b) of subsection (5) of IEA is
excluded and now (c) corresponds to (b), where
words "communication device" and "or by other
electronic means as referred to in clauses (a) to (e)
of sub- section (3)". are added.
64 66 Rules as to notice to produce. "attorney or pleader" is replaced by "advocate or
representative".
65 67 Proof of signature and No change.
handwriting of person alleged to
have signed or written document
produced.
66 67A Proof as to electronic signature. No change.
© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal
 67 68 Proof of execution of document No change.
required by law to be attested.
68 69 Proof where no attesting witness Words "or if the document purports to have been
found. executed in the United Kingdom" are excluded.
69 70 Admission of execution by party No change.
to attested document.
70 71 Proof when attesting witness No change.
denies execution.
71 72 Proof of document not required No change.
by law to be attested.
72 73 Comparison of signature, writing Paragraph are numbered as Subsections (1), (2) and
or seal with others admitted or (3).
proved.
73 73A Proof as to verification of digital No change.
signature.
74(1) 74 Public and private documents. The words " and private" are added in the
heading. The words "any part of" and "or of the
commonwealth" are excluded.
74(2) 75 Public and private documents. The words "or Union territory" and "except the
documents referred to in sub-section (1)" are added.
75 76 Certified copies of public No change.
documents.
76 77 Proof of documents by No change.
production of certified copies.
77 78 Proof of other official documents. The conditions' enumeration as (1) to (6) is changed
to (a) to (f). The expressions "or of the Crown
Representative", "or, as the case may be, of the
Crown Representative;", "Her Majesty] or by the
Privy Council, or by any department of Her
Majesty’s Government" and "London Gazette, or
purporting to be printed by the Queen’s Printer;" are
excluded.
The words "Ministries and" "or Union territory
Administration", "Parliament or a State" and
"President of India or the Governor of a State or the
Administrator or Lieutenant Governor of a Union
territory, by copies or extracts contained in the
Official Gazette;" are added.
78 79 Presumption as to genuineness of The words "or by any officer [in the State of Jammu
certified copies. and Kashmir] who is duly authorised thereto by the
Central Government:" are excluded and paragraph
are numbered as subsections.
79 80 Presumption as to documents The word "that" is excluded and paragraph are
produced as record of evidence, numbered as clauses (i), (ii) and (iii).
etc.

© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal

80 81 Presumption as to Gazettes, " the London Gazette or any Official Gazette, or the
newspapers, [private Acts of Government Gazette of any colony, dependency or
parliament] and other documents. possession of the British Crown, or to be a
newspaper or journal or to be a copy of a private Act
of Parliament of the United Kingdom printed by the
Queen’s Printer" are replaced by "the Official
Gazette".
A new explanation is added regarding proper
custody.
81 81A Presumption as to Gazettes in A new explanation is added regarding proper
electronic or digital record. custody of electronic document. Its phraseology is
similar to the new explanation added in the
preceding section.
82 83 Presumption as to maps or plans No change.
made by authority of
Government.
83 84 Presumption as to collections of No change.
laws and reports of decisions.
84 85 Presumption as to powers-of- No change.
attorney.
85 85A Presumption as to electronic The words "or digitals" are added.
agreements.
86 85B Presumption as to electronic No change.
records and electronic signatures.
87 85C Presumption as to Electronic No change.
Signature Certificates.
88 86 Presumption as to certified copies "any country not forming part of India or of Her
of foreign judicial records. Majesty’s Dominions" is replaced by "beyond
India".
89 87 Presumption as to books, maps No change.
and charts.
90 88A Presumption as to electronic Explanation excluded.
messages.
91 89 Presumption as to due execution, No change.
etc., of documents not produced.
92 90 Presumption as to documents A new explanation same as of section 80 is added.
thirty years old. In illustration "is" is replaced by "shall be".
93 90A Presumption as to electronic A new explanation same as of section 81 is added.
records five years old.
94 91 Evidence of terms of contracts, No change.
grants and other dispositions of
property reduced to form of
document.
95 92 Exclusion of evidence of oral The words "to the last section" are replaced by
agreement. section number "94" Instead of writing "Proviso 1"
"Proviso 2" etc. "Provided that", Provided further
that" etc. are used while writing proviso in this
© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal
 section.
In illustrations, " Calcutta" and "London" are
replaced by "Kolkata" and "Visakhapatnam", "2023"
is used in place of "1978" and "thirty thousand" and
"ten thousand" in place of "500" and "200" to make
it contemporary.
96 93 Exclusion of evidence to explain In illustrations, "Rs. 1000" and "Rs. 1500" are
or amend ambiguous document. replaced by "one lakh rupees" "one lakh fifty
thousand rupees" respectively.
97 94 Exclusion of evidence against No change.
application of document to
existing facts.
98 95 Evidence as to document In illustrations, " Calcutta" is replaced by "Kolkata".
unmeaning in reference to
existing facts.
99 96 Evidence as to application of In illustrations, "Haidarabad", "Haidarabad in
language which can apply to one Dekkan" and "Haidarabad in sindh" are replaced by
only of several persons. "Ramgarh" , "Ramgarh in Rajasthan" and "Ramgarh
in Uttarakhand" respectively.
100 97 Evidence as to application of No change.
language to one of two sets of
facts, to neither of which the
whole correctly applies.
101 98 Evidence as to meaning of The word "provincial" is replaced by "regional".
illegible characters, etc.
102 99 Who may give evidence of No change.
agreement varying terms of
document.
103 100 Saving of provisions of Indian The words "the Indian Succession Act, (10 of
Succession Act relating to wills. 1865)" are replaced by "the Indian Succession Act,
1925 (39 of 1925)".
104 101 No change.
Burden of proof.
105 102 On whom burden of proof lies. No change.
106 103 Burden of proof as to particular No change.
fact.
107 104 Burden of proving fact to be No change.
proved to make evidence
admissible.
108 105 Burden of proving that case of The words "the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860)" are
accused comes within replaced by "the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023".
exceptions.
109 106 Burden of proving fact especially No change.
within knowledge.
110 107 Burden of proving death of No change.
person known to have been alive
within thirty years.
© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal
111 108 Burden of proving that person is The words "Provided that" are excluded.
alive who has not been heard of
for seven years.
112 109 Burden of proof as to relationship No change.
in the cases of partners, landlord
and tenant, principal and agent.
113 110 Burden of proof as to ownership. No change.
114 111 Proof of good faith in The word "attorney" is replaced by "advocate".
transactions where one party is in
relation of active confidence.
115 111A Presumption as to certain IPC sections are replaced by corresponding BNS
offences. sections.
116 112 Birth during marriage, "son" is replaced by "child" thus made gender
conclusive proof of legitimacy. neutral.
117 113A Presumption as to abetment of The words "section 498A of the Indian Penal Code
suicide by a married woman. (45 of 1860)" are replaced by "section 86 of the
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023" in the explanation.
118 113B Presumption as to dowry death. The words "section 304B of the Indian Penal Code
(45 of 1860)" are replaced by "section 80 of the
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023" in explanation.
119 114 Court may presume existence of Paragraph are numbered as subsections (1) and (2),
certain facts. and illustrations to subsection (2) are numbered
from (i) to (x).
120 114A Presumption as to absence of IPC sections are replaced by corresponding BNS
consent in certain prosecution for sections.
rape.
121 115 Estoppel. No change.
122 116 Estoppel of tenant and of licensee The words "or any time thereafter" are added.
of person in possession.
123 117 Estoppel of acceptor of bill of No change.
exchange, bailee or licensee.
124 118 Who may testify. The word "Lunatic" is replaced by "A person of
unsound mind".
125 119 Witness unable to communicate No change.
verbally.
126 120 Competency of husband and Heading "Parties to civil suit, and their wives or
wife as witnesses in certain husbands. Husband or wife of a person under
cases. criminal trial" is replaced by "Competency of
husband and wife as witnesses in certain cases".
Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1) and (2),
127 121 Judges and Magistrates. No change.
128 122 Communications during No change.
marriage.
129 123 Evidence as to affairs of State. No change.
130 124 Official communications. No change.
131 125 Information as to commission of No change.
offences.
© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal
132(1) 126 Professional communications. The words "barrister, attorney, pleader or vakil" are
&(2) replaced by "advocate". Word "employment" is
replaced by "service". In sub-section (2) words
"referred to in the proviso to sub-section (1)" are
added.
132(3) 127 Professional communications to Section127 of IEA is added as subsection (3) in
apply interpreters, etc". which the words "or servants of barristers, pleaders,
attorneys and vakils" are replaced by "or employees
of advocates".
133 128 Privilege not waived by Words "barrister, attorney, pleader or vakil" are
volunteering evidence. replaced by "advocate".
134 129 Confidential communication Words "legal professional adviser" are replaced by
with legal advisers. "legal adviser".
135 130 Production of title-deeds of No change.
witness not a party.
136 131 Production of documents or No change.
electronic records which another
person, having possession, could
refuse to produce.
137 132 Witness not excused from Word "Proviso" is excluded.
answering on ground that answer
will criminate.
138 133 Accomplice. Words "merely because" are replaced by "if".
139 134 Number of witnesses. No change.
140 135 Order of production and No change.
examination of witnesses.
141 136 Judge to decide as to Paragraph are numbered as subsections (1), (2) and
admissibility of evidence. (3).
142 137 Examination of witnesses. Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1), (2) and
(3), and headings of paragraph are excluded.
143 138 Order of examinations. Paragraph are numbered as subsections (1), (2) and
(3), and word "in-chief" included.
The words in paragraph heading "Direction of re-
examination" are excluded.
144 139 Cross- examination of person No change.
called to produce a document.
145 140 Witnesses to character. No change.
146(1) 141 Leading questions. Section 141 IEA is included as subsection (1) of 146
BSA.
146(2) 142 When they (leading) must not be Section 142 IEA is included as subsection (2) and
&(3) asked. (3) of 146 BSA.
146(4) 143 When they (leading) may be Section 143 IEA is included as subsection (4) of 146
asked. BSA.
147 144 Evidence as to matters in writing. No change.
148 145 Cross- examination as to No change.
previous statements in writing.

© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal

149 146 Questions lawful in cross- Numbers (1), (2) and (3) are replaced by (a), (b) and
examination. (c ). IPC sections are replaced by corresponding
BNS sections.
150 147 When witness to be compelled to No change.
answer.
151 148 Court to decide when question Word "namely" is added in its subsection (2).
shall be asked and when witness
compelled to answer.
152 149 Question not to be asked without In illustrations, the words "barrister", "an attorney or
reasonable grounds. vakil", "dakait" and "A pleader" are replaced by
words "advocate", "another advocate", "dacoit" and
"a advocate" respectively.
153 150 Procedure of Court in case of Word "barrister, attorney, pleader or vakil" are
question being asked without replaced by "advocate".
reasonable grounds.
154 151 Indecent and scandalous No change.
questions.
155 152 Questions intended to insult or No change.
annoy.
156 153 Exclusion of evidence to "Lahore" and Calcutta" are replaced by "Goa" and
contradict answers to questions "Varanasi" respectively.
testing veracity.
157 154 Question by party to his own No change.
witness.
158 155 Impeaching credit of witness. Numbers (1), (2) and (3) are replaced by (a), (b) and
(c). Word "indicted" is replaced by "accused".
159 156 Questions tending to corroborate No change.
evidence of relevant fact,
admissible.
160 157 Former statements of witness No change.
may be proved to corroborate
later testimony as to same fact.
161 158 What matters may be proved in No change.
connection with proved statement
relevant under section 26 or 27. [
section 32 or 33].
162 159 Refreshing memory. Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1) and (2).
Sub-heading words "When witness may use copy of
document to refresh memory" are excluded from
subsection (2). Words "Provided that" and "Provided
further that" are added in provisos.
163 160 Testimony to facts stated in No change.
document mentioned in section
162[159].
164 161 Right of adverse party as to Word "must" is replaced by "shall".
writing used to refresh memory.

© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal

165 162 Production of documents. Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1), (2) and
(3)."Provided that" is added in proviso. New proviso
is added to the subsection (3).
166 163 Giving, as evidence, of No change.
document called for and
produced on notice.
167 164 Using, as evidence, of document No change.
production of which was refused
on notice.
168 165 Judge's power to put questions or Words "proper", "please" and "relevant or
order production. irrelevant" are excluded. Word "agents" is replaced
by "representatives".
169 167 No new trial for improper No change.
admission or rejection of
evidence.
170 New Repeal and savings. Newly added.

© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal

© Anil Kishore Yadav, IPS, Director, CAPT Bhopal