ABC Model of Attitudes

The ABC Model of Attitudes is an explanation of someone’s attitudes towards something

based on three components: affect, behavior, and cognition. Several attitude models have
been suggested in the past, such as the multi-attribute measurement mode, tripartite
model, technology acceptance model, and cognitive-affective-conative model (Jain,
2014). These models are similar in that they consist of three primary components that
relate to a person’s feelings, behaviors, and beliefs. Following is an explanation of the
three components of the ABC Model of Attitudes, which is used in this study (Jain,
2014):

• Affective component. This refers to someone’s emotional response or feelings towards

an object.

• Behavioral component. This refers to someone’s behavioral tendencies and involves

their actions or observable responses that result from their attitudes towards an object.

• Cognitive component. This refers to someone’s thoughts and beliefs about an object.

Affect

ABC Model of
Behavior
Attitudes

Cognition
Theoretical framework

The following framework was developed to answer research question 1 “What are the
students’ perceptions of the use of TED Talks in their PowerPoint presentation class?”.
The focus was placed on attitudes and the three components of the ABC Model of
Attitudes was used.

Students' attitudes towards the use of TED

Talks in their PowerPoint presentation class
Affective Behavioral Cognitive
component component component
Motivation Practice Improving
speaking skills
Autonomous Improving other
Empowerment
learning skills

Learning Improving
Certainty
support presentation skills

Focus Ideas

Share and
Reflection
discuss

Social-
connectedness

Relaxation

Enjoyment

Engagement

The framework above divides students’ attitudes into three components. The affective
component is further divided into motivation, empowerment, certainty, focus, reflection,
social-connectedness, relaxation, enjoyment, and engagement. The relevant items in the
questionnaire measure students’ affective attitudes in terms of the aforementioned
elements. Furthermore, the behavioral component is divided into practice, autonomous
learning, learning support, ideas, and share and discuss. The relevant questionnaire items
measure the students’ intentions/behavior to take action in terms of the aforementioned
elements. Lastly, the cognitive component is divided into improving speaking skills,
improving other skills, and improving presentation skills. The relevant questionnaire
items measure the students’ opinions about the aforementioned elements, thereby
showing whether they have positive or negative beliefs of the use of TED Talks in their
PowerPoint presentation class.

The items in the questionnaire were adapted/adopted from previous studies, as well as
developed by the researcher. The researcher consulted the studies conducted by Dijane
(2020), Kusumastuty et al. (2019), and Cochrane (2009). Following is a list of items
adapted/adopted from the respective studies or developed by the researcher.

Study Items

Dijane (2020) AFF1, AFF9, AFF10, BEH4, COG1, COG2, COG3, COG4,
COG5, COG8, COG9, COG10, COG11

Kusumastuty et al. BEH1, BEH3

(2019)

Cochrane (2009) AFF2, AFF3, AFF4, AFF5, AFF6, AFF7, AFF8

Researcher of this study BEH2, BEH5, BEH6, BEH7, BEH8, BEH9, BEH10, BEH11,
COG6, COG7

1.
Questionnaire
Dear respondents,
Thank you for agreeing to spend your precious time participating in this survey. I am doing
research on the effectiveness of TED Talks on first-year EFL students' English academic
presentation skills at Hanoi University.
It is important to note that I am interested in your own opinions on the issue because, through
this survey, your answers will provide valuable data for further analysis. The survey should
only take around 5-10 minutes;
Please select the best answer(s) from the provided questions. Your responses will be served
for the purposes of the research only. After data calculation, unfortunately, your answers
cannot be invalidated and withdrawn.
Please do not hesitate to contact me via my email linhntdespd@hanu.edu.vn if you have any
questions.
Your honest reactions are the most correct answers. Thank you for your great enthusiasm and
cooperation.
A. Background information
A1. What is your gender?
฀ Female ฀ Male
A2. How do you evaluate your level in English?
฀ Very bad ฀ Bad
฀ Average ฀ Good
฀ Very good
A3. Do you think that you have the ability to speak in front of an audience?
฀ Yes ฀ No
฀ Maybe
A4.1. Have you ever experienced speaking in front of a large number of people?
฀ Yes ฀ No
A4.2. If yes, could you specify where exactly?
฀ In front of teachers and classmates in the classroom
฀ In conferences and seminars
฀ In a job interview
฀ Others: ……………………….
A5.1. How do you find speaking in front of a large number of people?
฀ Easy ฀ Somewhat difficult
฀ Difficult
A5.2. Please explain your reason for the previous answer.
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
A6. Do you feel anxious when you see the words “presentation” or “public speech” outline when
studying?
฀ Yes ฀ No
A7.1. Do you think that students need to be taught public speaking skills?
฀ Yes ฀ No
A7.2. Please explain your reason for the previous answer.
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
A8. Are you satisfied with the way the Presentation Skills and Strategies (PPS) course is being
taught?
฀ Yes ฀ No
A9. What are the elements (if any) that you wish to be included in the course?
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..…..
A10. Do you think that public speaking skills are important in your academic and career life?
฀ Yes ฀ No
A11. Do your teachers use authentic videos to teach you how to speak in public and overcome
public speaking fear?
฀ Yes ฀ No
A12. Do you think that observing oral presentations of expert English speakers can help you
improve public speaking skills?
฀ Yes ฀ No
A13. Are you familiar with TED Talks videos?
฀ Yes ฀ No

B. Attitudes towards the use of TED Talks videos

B1. Please tick the most relevant option to indicate your AFFECTIVE attitudes towards the use
of TED Talks videos in the Academic PowerPoint Presentation course at ESPD, HANU.
1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Neutral
4 = Agree 5 = Strongly agree
Code Statements 1 2 3 4 5
Motivation
AFF1 I feel motivated when watching TED Talks
videos
Empowerment
AFF2 I feel that watching TED Talks videos
empowers me to improve my presentation
abilities.
Certainty
AFF3 I feel certain about my presentation ability
when watching TED Talks videos.
Focus
AFF4 I feel focused when watching TED Talks
videos
Reflection
AFF5 I think about my future plans related to
presentation when watching TED Talks videos
AFF6 I reflect on my past in terms of presentation
when watching TED Talk videos
Social-connectedness
AFF7 I feel socially-connected to my classmates and
peers when watching TED Talks videos
Relaxation
AFF8 I feel relaxed when watching TED Talks
videos
Enjoyment
AFF9 I enjoy TED Talks videos
Engagement
AFF10 TED Talks videos are interesting

B2. Please tick the most relevant option to indicate your BEHAVIORAL attitudes towards the
use of TED Talks videos in the Academic PowerPoint Presentation course at ESPD, HANU.
1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Neutral
4 = Agree 5 = Strongly agree
Code Statements 1 2 3 4 5
Practice
BEH1 The use of TED Talks videos in the classroom
encourages me to practice my presentation
skills
Autonomous learning
BEH2 I actively search for TED Talks videos related
to my presentation topic
BEH3 I watch TED Talks videos outside the
classroom
Learning support
BEH4 The use of TED Talks videos supports my
learning process
BEH5 I focus more on my presentation skills because
of TED Talks videos
Ideas
BEH6 TED Talks videos inspire me to implement
storytelling and narrative elements in my
presentations
BEH7 I gather ideas from TED Talks videos to use in
my own presentations
BEH8 I incorporate visual media into my
presentations because of TED Talks videos
BEH9 I incorporate key ideas and concepts from TED
Talks videos into my own presentations
BEH10 I take design ideas from TED Talks videos
when designing my presentations
Share and discuss
BEH11 I share and discuss TED Talks videos with my
educators, peers, and friends

B3. Please tick the most relevant option to indicate your COGNITIVE attitudes towards the use
of TED Talks videos in the Academic PowerPoint Presentation course at ESPD, HANU.
1 = Strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Neutral
4 = Agree 5 = Strongly agree
Code Statements 1 2 3 4 5
Improving speaking skills
COG1 Through TED Talks videos, I can improve my
pronunciation
COG2 Through TED Talks videos, I can improve my
fluency
COG3 Through TED Talks videos, I can improve my
confidence
COG4 Through TED Talks videos, I can improve my
body language
Improving other skills
COG5 Through TED Talks videos, I can improve my
listening skill
COG6 Through TED Talks videos, I can improve my
 vocabulary
COG7 Through TED Talks videos, I can improve my
grammar
Improving presentation skills
COG8 Through TED Talks videos, I can learn about
delivering ideas
COG9 Through TED Talks videos, I can learn about
how to emphasize a particular point
COG10 Through TED Talks videos, I can learn about
how to deliver an impressive ending
COG11 Through TED Talks videos, I can learn about
how to start good speech to get people's
attention

Is it okay for me to contact you if I have any follow-up questions regarding your responses? If
yes, please provide your contact details below.
Your name: ________________________________
Your class: ________________________________
Your e-mail: ________________________________
Your phone number: ________________________________
Thank you for your participation!
References

Cochrane, T. (2009). Eight dimensions for the emotions. Social Science Information,
48(3), 379–420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018409106198

Djihane, H. (2019). Exploring the Role of TED Talks Videos in Improving Students’
Public Speaking Skills: The Case of Second Year Master English Language
Students at Mohamed LamineDebaghineSetif2 University. (Unpublished master
dissertation or master's thesis). Mohamed LamineDebaghineSetif2 University,
Algeria.

Kusumastuty, P. E., Mulyono, H., & Ekawati, A. D. (2019). Student’s Perceptions of

Using TED Talks to Improve EFL Speaking Skill. UHAMKA International
Conference on ELT and CALL (UICELL).

Jain, V. (2014). 3D model of attitude. International Journal of Advanced Research in

Management and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1-12.