Scribd
Upload
27 views18 pages

EEC-2310 Power System Engineering: Unit 4: Distribution of Electrical Power

Uploaded by

urpracas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
27 views18 pages

EEC-2310 Power System Engineering: Unit 4: Distribution of Electrical Power

Uploaded by

urpracas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

EEC-2310

Power System Engineering


Unit 4: Distribution of Electrical Power

Dr. Khaliqur Rahman


Department of Electrical Engineering,
AMU Aligarh
Electrical Power Distribution System
• Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electric
power; it carries electricity from the transmission system/subsystem
to individual consumers.
Distribution System
• The distribution system is particularly important to an electrical utility for
two reasons
1. It is close proximity to the customers
2. It is high cost of investment

• Mainly distribution systems are two types


1. Primary distribution (33kV/11kV)
2. Secondary Distribution (11kV/440V)

• Households electricity is alternating current (AC)


• Households voltages are typically 240 V.
Distribution System
A distribution system mainly has:
• Sub- station
• Feeder
• Distribution transformer
• Distributers
• Service mains
Distribution Substations
Distribution substation transfers
power from the transmission
system to the distribution system
of an area.

The input for a distribution substation


is typically at least two transmission or
subtransmission lines.

This is where the residential,


commercial and industrial units
are commonly connected.
Feeder
• Feeder is an electrical distribution network. They carry power from substation to consumers .
• A feeder is line which starts from grid to whom which we want to transmit power to the
consumers.
• Feeder Circuit: The conductors between the service equipment and the branch-circuit
overcurrent devices are called feeders.

Distributer
• Output from a distribution
transformer is carried by distributor
conductor.
• Tappings are taken from a distributor
conductor for power supply to the
end consumers.
• The current through a distributor is
not constant as tappings are taken at
various places throughout its length.
Distribution transformer
A distribution transformer or service transformer is a transformer that provides the
final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down
the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer.

Main Differences:
Power transformers are used in transmission network of higher voltages for step-up
and step down application (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally
rated above 200MVA. Distribution transformers are used for lower voltage
distribution networks as a means to end user connectivity.
Service mains

The overhead line or U.G cable connecting the


supplier's distribution line to the consumer's
premises is called service mains or service
connection or service line.

The service line terminates at the point where


the supply conductor enters the consumer
meter.
Types of Power Distribution System
• Based on nature of current:
• AC or DC
• Based on type of construction:
• Under ground or Overhead
• According to its feeder connection schemes or topologies:
 Radial distribution system
 Parallel feeders distribution
 Ring main distribution system
 Interconnected distribution
These are known as primary distribution as they carries the load at higher than the utilization
voltages from the substation to the point where the voltage is stepped down to the value at which
the energy is utilized by the consumer.
Secondary distribution includes that part of the system operating at utilization voltages, up to the
meter at the consumers' premises.
Distribution system based on feeder connection schemes
• Simple Radial System:
 A system whereby power is received at the utility supply voltage level by a single, incoming
substation. Through a series of step downs and splits, the power is converted for individual
end-use equipment.
 The radial system is the simplest electrical distribution arrangement, and the least expensive
in terms of equipment initial cost. It's also the least reliable arrangement since it only uses a
single utility source.
• Expanded Radial System:
 One of the main advantages of the simple
radial system is that it can easily be
expanded by the inclusion of additional
transformers.

 Reliability increases with a larger number


of substations since the loss of one
transformer will not result in a loss of
service for all of the loads.
Distribution system based on scheme of connection
• Parallel Distribution System:
 A greater level of reliability at a higher cost is achieved with a parallel feeder.
 A typical parallel feeder system is shown schematically in Figure.
 In the event of a line fault only one of the feeder sets of cables will be affected, thus allowing
the remaining parallel feeder to continue to supply the load.
Distribution system based on scheme of connection
• Ring main distribution system
 Each distribution transformer is fed with two
feeders but in different paths.

 The feeders in this system form a loop which


starts from the substation bus-bars, runs
through the load area feeding distribution
transformers and returns to the substation bus-
bars.

 A distributor arranged to form a closed loop


and fed at one or more points is called a ring
distributor. Such a distributor starts from one
point, makes a loop through the area to be
served, and returns to the original point.
Distribution system based on scheme of connection
• Ring main distribution system
 Each distribution transformer is fed with two
feeders but in different paths.

 The feeders in this system form a loop which


starts from the substation bus-bars, runs
through the load area feeding distribution
transformers and returns to the substation bus-
bars.

 A distributor arranged to form a closed loop


and fed at one or more points is called a ring
distributor. Such a distributor starts from one
point, makes a loop through the area to be
served, and returns to the original point.
Advantages of ring main distribution system

• There are fewer voltage fluctuations at consumer's terminal.

• The system is very reliable as each distribution transformer is fed


with two feeders.

• That means, in the event of a fault in any section of the feeder, the
continuity of the supply is ensured from the alternative path.
Distribution system based on scheme of connection
Interconnected distribution system

• When a ring main feeder is energized by two or more substations or generating


stations, it is called as an interconnected distribution system.

• This system ensures reliability in an event of transmission failure.

• Also, any area fed from one generating stations during peak load hours can be fed
from the other generating station or substation for meeting power requirements
from increased load.
Sources:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iz8ZkjD7z8&t=27s
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZ4li_nzyOk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVOwTIUrQCA
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVOwTIUrQCA
• https://www.electricaleasy.com/2018/02/radial-parallel-ring-main-
interconneted-distribution.html
Thanks

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy