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38 views3 pages

Layout

hgyg

Uploaded by

ashok pradhan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1.

2 LAYOUT OF MODERN COAL POWER PLANT


Layout of steam power plant:
Steam is an important medium for producing mechanical energy. Steam is used to drive steam
engines and steam turbines. Steam has the following advantages.
1. Steam can be raised quickly from water which is available in plenty.
2. It does not react much with materials of the equipment used in power plants.
3. It is stable at temperatures required in the plant.
Equipment of a Steam Power Plant:
A steam power plant must have the following equipment.
1. A furnace for burning the fuel.
2. A steam generator or boiler for steam generation.
3. A power unit like an engine or turbine to convert heat energy into mechanical energy.
4. A generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
5. Piping system to carry steam and water.
The development of power in any country depends upon the available resources in that
country. The hydel power totally depends upon the natural sites available and hydrological
cycle in that country.

The development of nuclear power in a country requires advanced technological developments


and fuel resources. This source of power generation is not much desirable for the developing
countries as it is dependent on high technology and they are highly capital based systems.
Many times, hydel power suffers if draught comes even once during a decade and the complete
progress of the nation stops. The calamity of rain draught on power industry has been
experienced by many states of this country.
To overcome this difficulty, it is absolutely necessary to develop thermal plants in the country
which are very much suitable for base load plants.The general layout of the thermal power
plant consists of mainly four circuits as shown in Figure the four main circuits are:
1. Coal and ash circuit

2. Air and gas circuit

3. Feed water and steam flow circuit

4. Cooling water circuit.

1. Coal and ash circuit

This includes coal delivery, preparation, coal handling, boiler furnace, ash handling and ash
storage. The coal from coal mines is delivered by ships, rail or by trucks to the power station.
This coal is sized by crushers, breakers etc. The sized coal is then stored in coal storage (stock
yard). From the stock yard, the coal is transferred to the boiler furnace by means of conveyors,
elevators etc.
The coal is burnt in the boiler furnace and ash is formed by burning of coal, Ash coming out of
the furnace will be too hot, dusty and accompanied by some poisonous gases. The ash is
transferred to ash storage. Usually, the ash is quenched to reduced temperature corrosion and
dust content.
There are different methods employed for the disposal of ash. They are hydraulic system, water
jetting, ash sluice ways, pneumatic system etc. In large power plants hydraulic system is used
2.Air and Gas circuit
It consists of forced draught fan, air pre heater, boiler furnace, super heater, economizer, dust
collector, induced draught fan, chimney etc. Air is taken from the atmosphere by the action of a
forced draught fan. It is passed through an air pre-heater. The air is pre-heated by the flue
gases in the pre-heater. This pre-heated air is supplied to the furnace to aid the combustion of
fuel. Due to combustion of fuel, hot gases (flue gases) are formed.
The flue gases from the furnace pass over boiler tubes and super heater tubes. (In boiler, wet
steam is generated and in super heater the wet steam is superheated by the flue gases.) Then
the flue gases pass through economizer to heat the feed water. After that, it passes through the
air pre-heater to pre-heat the incoming air. It is then passed through a dust catching device
(dust collector). Finally, it is exhausted to the atmosphere through chimney
Feed water and Steam circuit
The steam generated in the boiler is fed to the steam prime mover to develop the power. The
steam coming out of prime mover is condensed in the condenser and then fed to the boiler
with the help of the pump.
The condensate is heated in the feed-heaters using the steam tapped from different points of
the turbine. The feed heaters may be of mixed type or indirect heating type.
Some of the steam and water is lost passing through different components of the system;
therefore, feed water is supplied from external source to compensate this loss. The feed water
supplied from external sourced is passed through the purifying plant to reduce the dissolved
salts to an acceptable level. The purification is necessary to avoid the scaling of the boiler tubes.
4.Cooling water circuit
The circuit includes a pump, condenser, cooling tower etc. the exhaust steam from the turbine
is condensed in condenser. In the condenser, cold water is circulated to condense the steam
into water. The steam is condensed by losing its latent heat to the circulating cold water.
Thus the circulating water is heated. This hot water is then taken to a cooling tower, In cooling
tower, the water is sprayed in the form of droplets through nozzles. The atmospheric air enters
the cooling tower from the openings provided at the bottom of the tower. This air removes
heat from water. Cooled water is collected in a pond (known as cooling pond). This cold water is
again circulated through the pump, condenser and cooling tower. Thus the cycle is repeated
again and again. Some amount of water may be lost during the circulation due to vaporization
etc. Hence, make up water is added to the pond by means of a pump. This water is obtained
from a river or lake. A line diagram of cooling water circuit is shown in figure separately.
Working of the thermal power
Steam is generated in the boiler of thermal power plant using the heat of the fuel burned in the
combustion chamber. The steam generated is passed through steam turbine where part of its
thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy which is further used for generating
electric power.

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