MATHEMATICS

Chapter 11: Surface Areas and Volumes

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Surface Areas and Volumes

1. A cuboid is a solid bounded by six rectangular plane regions. It has length, width and
height.

2. A cuboid whose all edges are equal is called a cube.

3. A cylinder is a closed solid that has two parallel (usually circular) bases connected by a
curved surface.

4. A cone is a solid that has a circular base and a single vertex.

5. A sphere is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the

shape of a round ball.

6. A hemisphere is half of a sphere.

7. Surface area of a solid is the sum of the areas of all its faces.

8. The total surface area of any object will be greater than its lateral surface area.

9. In case of a room, lateral surface area means the area of the four walls of the room,
whereas total surface area means the area of four walls plus the area of the floor and
the ceiling.

10. Volume is the space occupied by an object.

11. The unit of measurement of both volume and capacity is cubic unit such as cubic feet,
cubic cm. cubic m etc.

12. If l, b, h denote respectively the length, breadth and height of a cuboid, then:
Lateral surface area or Area of four walls = 2(ℓ + b) h
Total surface area = 2(ℓb + bh + hℓ)
Volume = ℓ x b x h
Diagonal of a cuboid = √𝑙2 + 𝑏2 + ℎ2

13. If the length of each edge of a cube is 'a' units, then:

Lateral surface area = 4 x (edge)2

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Total surface area = 6 x (edge)²

Volume = (edge)3
Diagonal of a cube = √3𝑥 edge

14. If r and h respectively denote the radius of the base and the height of a right circular
cylinder, then: Area of each end or Base area = 𝜋𝑟 2
Area of curved surface or lateral surface area = perimeter of the base x height = 2𝜋rh
Total surface area (including both ends) = 2𝜋rh + 2𝜋r² = 2𝜋r (h + r)
Volume = Area of the base × height = 𝜋r²h

15. If R and r respectively denote the external and internal radii of a right circular hollow
cylinder and h denotes its height, then:
Area of each circular base = 𝜋R² - 𝜋r²
Area of curved surface = 2𝜋(R + r)h
Total surface area = (External surface) + (Internal surface)
= (2𝜋Rh + 2𝜋rh) + 2 (𝜋R² - 𝜋r²)
Volume of = (External volume) – (Internal volume)
= (𝜋R²h - 𝜋r²h) = 𝜋h (R² - r²)

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16. If r, h and l respectively denote the radius, height and slant height of a right circular
cone, then: Slant height (𝑙) = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
Area of curved surface 𝜋𝑟𝑙 = 𝜋𝑟√ℎ2 + 𝑟 2
Total surface area = Area of curved surface + Area of base = 𝜋rℓ + 𝜋r² = 𝜋r (ℓ + r)
1
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 2ℎ
3

17. If r is the radius of a sphere, then: Surface area = 4𝜋r²

4
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3
3

18. If r is the radius of a hemisphere, then:

Area of curved surface = 2𝜋r²
Total surface Area = Area of curved surface + Area of base
= 2𝜋r² + 𝜋r²
= 3𝜋r²
2
Volume = 𝜋𝑟 3
3

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19. Volume of water flown in the tank in one hour = (area of cross section of the aperture) ×
(speed in meters per hour)

20. When an object of certain volume is recast into a cylinder, the volume of the cylinder
formed will always be equal to the volume of the original object.

21. The solids having the same curved surface do not necessarily occupy the same volume.

22. When an object is dropped into a liquid, the volume of the displaced liquid is equal to
the volume of the object that is dipped.

23. Of all the solids having a given volume, the sphere is the one with the smallest surface
area. Of all solids having a given surface area, the sphere is the one having the greatest
volume.

Cuboid
A cuboid is a three-dimensional Shape. The cuboid is made from six rectangular faces,
which are placed at right angles. The total surface area of a cuboid is equal to the sum of
the areas of its six rectangular faces.

Total Surface Area of a Cuboid

Consider a cuboid whose length is “l” cm, breadth is b cm and height h cm.

Area of face ABCD = Area of Face EFGH = (l × b) cm2

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Area of face AEHD = Area of face BFGC = (b × h) cm2

Area of face ABFE = Area of face DHGC = (l × h) cm2

Total surface area (TSA) of cuboid = Sum of the areas of all its six faces

= 2(l × b) + 2(b × h) + 2(l × h)

TSA (cuboid)= 2(lb + bh +lh)

Lateral Surface Area of a Cuboid

Lateral surface area (LSA) is the area of all the sides apart from the top and bottom faces.

The lateral surface area of the cuboid

= Area of face AEHD + Area of face BFGC + Area of face ABFE + Area of face DHGC

= 2(b × h) + 2(l × h)

LSA (cuboid) = 2h (l + b)

Cube
A cuboid whose length, breadth and height are all equal, is called a cube. It is a three-
dimensional shape bounded by six equal squares. It has 12 edges and 8 vertices.

Total Surface Area of a cube

For cube, length = breadth = height

Suppose the length of an edge = a

Total surface area (TSA) of the cube = 2(a × a + a × a + a × a)

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TSA (cube) = 2 × (3a2) = 6a2

Lateral Surface area of a cube

Lateral surface area (LSA) is the area of all the sides apart from the top and bottom faces.

Lateral surface area of cube = 2(a × a + a × a) = 4a 2

Right Circular Cylinder

A right circular cylinder is a closed solid that has two parallel circular bases connected by a
curved surface in which the two bases are exactly over each other and the axis is at right
angles to the base.

Curved Surface area of a right circular cylinder

Take a cylinder of base radius r and height h units. The curved surface of this cylinder, if
opened along the diameter (d = 2r) of the circular base will be transformed into a rectangle
of length 2πr and height h units. Thus,

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Curved surface area (CSA) of a cylinder of base radius r and height h = 2π × r × h

Total surface area of a right circular cylinder

Total surface area (TSA) of a cylinder of base radius r and height h = 2π × r × h + area of two
circular bases

⇒ TSA = 2π × r × h + 2 × πr2

⇒ TSA = 2πr (h + r)

Right Circular Cone

A right circular cone is a circular cone whose axis is perpendicular to its base.

Relation between slant height and height of a right circular cone

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The relationship between slant height(l) and height(h) of a right circular cone is:

l2 = h2 + r2 (Using Pythagoras Theorem)

Where r is the radius of the base of the cone.

Curved Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone

Consider a right circular cone with slant length l and radius r.

If a perpendicular cut is made from a point on the circumference of the base to the vertex
and the cone is opened up, a sector of a circle with radius l is produced as shown in the
figure below:

Label A and B and corresponding b 1, b2 …bn at equal intervals, with O as the common
vertex. The Curved surface area (CSA) of the cone will be the sum of areas of the small
triangles: 1/2 × (b1 + b2.……..bn) × l

(b1 + b2...bn) is also equal to the circumference of base = 2πr

CSA of right circular cone = (1/2) × (2πr) × l = πrl (On substituting the values)

Total Surface Area of a Right Circular Cone

Total surface area (TSA) = Curved surface area(CSA) + area of base = πrl + πr 2 = πr(l + r)

Sphere
A sphere is a closed three-dimensional solid figure, where all the points on the surface of
the sphere are equidistant from the common fixed point called “centre”. The equidistant is
called the “radius”.

Surface area of a Sphere

The surface area of a sphere of radius r = 4 times the area of a circle of radius r = 4 × (πr2)

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For a sphere Curved surface area (CSA) = Total Surface area (TSA) = 4πr2

Surface Area Formulas

Volume of a Cuboid

The volume of a cuboid is the product of its dimensions.

Volume of a cuboid = length × breadth × height= lbh

Where l is the length of the cuboid, b is the breadth, and h is the height of the cuboid.

Volume of a Cube

The volume of a cube = base area × height.

Since all dimensions are identical, the volume of the cube = a 3

Where a is the length of the edge of the cube.

Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder

The volume of a right circular cylinder is equal to base area × its height.

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The volume of cylinder =πr2h

Where r is the radius of the base of the cylinder and h is the height of the cylinder.

Volume of a Right Circular Cone

The volume of a Right circular cone is 1/3 times the volume of a cylinder with the same
radius and height. In other words, three cones make one cylinder of the same height and
base.

The volume of right circular cone = (1/3) πr2h

Where r is the radius of the base of the cone and h is the height of the cone.

Volume of a Sphere

The volume of a sphere of radius r = (4/3)πr3

Volume Formulas

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Volume and Capacity

The volume of an object is the measure of the space it occupies, and the capacity of an
object is the volume of substance its interior can accommodate. The unit of measurement
of either volume or capacity is a cubic unit.

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Important Questions
Multiple Choice questions-
Question 1. If the perimeter of one of the faces of a cube is 40cm, then its
volume is:
(a) 6000cm³
(b) 1600cm³
(c) 1000cm³
(d) 600cm³
Question 2. A cuboid having surface areas of 3 adjacent faces as a, b and c has
the volume:
(a) 3√abc
(b) √abc
(c) ABC
(d) (ABC)²
Question 3. The radius of a cylinder is doubled, and the height remains the
same. The ratio between the volumes of the new cylinder and the original
cylinder is
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 3 : 1
(c) 4 : 1
(d) 1 : 8
Question 4. Length of diagonals of a cube of side a cm is
(a) √2a cm
(b) √3a cm
(c) √3a cm
(d) 1cm
Question 5. Volume of spherical shell is
2
(a) πr³
3
3
(b) πr³
4
4
(c) π(R³ – r³)
3

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(d) None of these

Question 6. Volume of hollow cylinder
(a) π(R² – r²)h
(b) πR²h
(c) πr²h
(d) πr²(h1 – h1)
Question 7. The radius of a sphere is 2r, then its volume will be
4
(a) πr³
3
(b) 4πr³
8
(c) πr³
3
32
(d) πr³
3
Question 8. In a cylinder, radius is doubled, and height is halved, curved
surface area will be
(a) Halved
(b) Doubled
(c) Same
(d) Four time
Question 9. The total surface area of a cone whose radius is r 2 and slant height
2l is
(a) 2πr(l + r)
𝑟
(b) πr(l + )
4
(c) πr(l + r)
(d) 2πrl
Question 10. The radius of a hemispherical balloon increases from 6cm to
12cm as air is being pumped into it. The ratios of the surface areas of the
balloon in the two cases is
(a) 1 : 4
(b) 1 : 3
(c) 2 : 3
(d) 2 : 1
Very Short:
1. How much ice-cream can be put into a cone with base radius 3.5cm and
height 12cm?

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2. Calculate the edge of the cube if its volume is 1331cm3.

3. The curved surface area of a cone is 12320 sq. cm, if the radius of its base is
56cm, find its
height.
4. Two cubes of edge 6cm are joined to form a cuboid. Find the total surface
area of the cuboid.
5. A metallic sphere is of radius 4.9cm. If the density of the metal is 7.8 g/cm 2,
22
find the mass of the sphere (π = )
7
6. The volume of a solid hemisphere is 1152 π cm 3. Find its curved surface
area.
7. Find the diameter of a cylinder whose height is 5cm and numerical value of
volume is equal to numerical value of curved surface area.
8. In a cylinder, if radius is halved and height is doubled, then find the volume
with respect to original volume.
Short Questions:
1. A spherical ball is divided into two equal halves. If the curved surface area of each
half is 56.57cm, find the volume of the spherical ball. [use π = 3.14]

2. Find the capacity in liters of a conical vessel having height 8 cm and slant height
10cm.

3. Calculate the surface area of a hemispherical dome of a temple with radius

14m to be whitewashed from outside
4. A rectangular piece of paper is 22cm long and 10cm wide. A cylinder is
formed by rolling the paper along its length. Find the volume of the
cylinder.
5. A heap of wheat is in the form of a cone whose diameter is 10.5m and
height is 3m. Find it volume. If 1m3 wheat cost is ₹ 10, then find total cost.
6. A cylindrical vessel can hold 154 g of water. If the radius of its base is
3.5cm, and 1cm3 of water weighs 1 g, find the depth of water.
Long Questions:
1. It costs ₹ 3300 to paint the inner curved surface of a 10m deep well. If the
rate cost of
painting is of ₹ 30 per m2, find:
(a) inner curved surface area
(b) diameter of the well

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(c) capacity of the well.

2. Using clay, Anant made a right circular cone of height 48cm and base radius
12cm. Varsha reshapes it in the form of a sphere. Find the radius and
curved surface area of the sphere so formed.
3. A dome of a building is in the form of a hemisphere. From inside, it was
whitewashed at the cost of ₹ 498.96. If the rate of whitewashing is ₹ 4 per
square metre, find the:
(i) Inside surface area of the dome
(ii) Volume of the air inside the dome.
4. A right triangle ABC with sides 5cm, 12cm and 13cm is revolved about the
side 5cm. Find the volume of the solid so obtained. If it is now revolved
about the side 12cm, then what would be the ratio of the volumes of the
two solids obtained in two cases?
5. A right triangle of hypotenuse 13cm and one of its sides 12cm is made to
revolve taking side 12cm as its axis. Find the volume and curved surface
area of the solid so formed.
Assertion and Reason Questions-
1. In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Assertion: If diameter of a sphere is decreased by 25%, then its curved surface area is
decreased by 43.75%.
Reason: Curved surface area is increased when diameter decreases.
2. In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of
reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

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Assertion: The external dimensions of a wooden box are 18 cm, 10 cm and 6 cm

respectively and thickness of the wood is 15 mm, then the internal volume is
765 cm3.
Reason: If external dimensions of a rectangular box be l, b and h and the
thickness of its sides be x , then its internal volume is (l – 2x) (b – 2x) (h – 2x)
Case Study Questions-
1. Read the Source/ Text given below and answer any four questions:
Veena planned to make a jewellery box to gift her friend Reeta on her marriage.
She made the jewellery box of wood in the shape of a cuboid. The jewellery box
has the dimensions as shown in the figure below. The rate of painting the
exterior of the box is Rs. 2 per cm2. After making the box she took help from his
friends to decorate the box.
The blue colour was painted by Deepak, Black by Suresh, green by Harsh and
the yellow was painted by Naresh.

i. What is the volume of the box?

a. 24000cm3
b. 1200cm3
c. 800cm3
d. 600cm3
ii. How much area did Suresh paint?
a. 24000cm2
b. 1200cm2
c. 800cm2
d. 600cm2
iii. How much area did Deepak paint?
a. 24000cm2

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b. 600cm2
c. 800cm2
d. 1200cm2
iv. What amount did Harsh charge?
a. Rs. 800
b. Rs. 1200
c. Rs. 1600
d. Rs. 2000
v. What amount did Veena pay for painting:
a. Rs. 2600
b. Rs. 5200
c. Rs. 5000
d. Rs. 6000
2. Read the passage given below and answer these questions:
Dev was doing an experiment to find the radius r of a sphere. For this he took a
cylindrical container with radius R = 7cm and height 10cm. He filled the
container almost half by water as shown in the left figure. Now he dropped the
yellow sphere in the container. Now he observed as shown in the right figure
the water level in the container raised from A to B equal to 3.40cm.

i. What is the approximate radius of the sphere?

a. 7cm
b. 5cm
c. 4cm
d. 3cm
ii. What is the volume of the cylinder?
a. 700cm3
b. 500cm3
c. 1540cm3

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d. 2000cm3
iii. What is the volume of the sphere?
a. 700cm3
b. 600cm3
c. 500cm3
d. 523.8cm3
iv. How many litres water can be filled in the full container? ( Take 1 litre =
1000cm3):
a. 1.50
b. 1.44
c. 1.54
d. 2
v. What is the surface area of the sphere?
a. 314.3m2
b. 300m2
c. 400m2
d. 350m2

Answer Key:
MCQ:
1. (c) 1000cm³
2. (b) √abc
3. (c) 4 : 1
4. (b) √3a cm
4
5. (c) π(R³ – r³)
3
6. (a) π(R² – r²)h
32
7. (d) πr³
3
8. (c) Same
𝑟
9. (b) πr(l + )
4
10. (a) 1 : 4

Very Short Answer:

1. Here, radius (r) = 3.5cm and height (h) = 12cm

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1
∴ Amount of ice-cream = πr2
3
1 22
= × × 3.5 × 3.5 × 12
3 7
= 154cm3
2. Volume of cube = 1331cm3
(Side)3 = 1331
1
Side = (11 × 11 × 11) = 11cm
3
3. Here, radius of base of a cone (r) = 56cm
And, curved surface area = 12320cm2
πrl = 12320
12320
l=
𝜋𝑟
12320× 7
= = 70cm
22×56
Again, we have
r2 + h2 = l2
h2 = l2 – r2 = 702 - 562
= 4900 - 3136 = 1764
h = √1764 = 42cm
Hence, the height of the cone is 42cm.
4. When two cubes are joined end to end, then
Length of the cuboid = 6 + 6 = 12cm
Breadth of the cuboid = 6cm
Height of the cuboid = 6cm
Total surface area of the cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl)
= 2(12 × 6 + 6 × 6 + 6 × 12)
= 2(72 + 36 + 72) = 2(180)
= 360cm2
5. Here, radius of metallic sphere (r) = 4.9cm

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6. Here, volume of hemisphere = 1152 π cm3

2
∴ πr3 = 1152
3
⇒ r3 = (12)3 π
1152 ×3
⇒r = 1728
3
⇒ r3 = (12)3
Now, curved surface area = 2πr2
= 2 × π × (12)2 = 288π cm2
7. Here, height of cylinder (h) = 5cm
According to the statement of the question, we have
πr2h = 2πrh
r = 2cm
Thus, diameter of the base of the cylinder is 2 × 2 i.e., 4cm.
𝑟
8. Here, r = . h = 2h
2

Short Answer:
Ans: 1. Since curved surface of half of the spherical ball = 56.57cm 2
2πr2 = 56.57

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= 113.04cm3
Ans: 2. Height of conical vessel (h) = 8cm

Slant height of conical vessel (l) = 10cm

∴ r2 + h2 = l2

⇒ r2 + 82 = 102

⇒ r2 = 100 - 64 = 36

⇒ r = 6cm
1 1 22
Now, volume of conical vessel = πr2h = × × 6 × 8 = 301.71cm3 = 0.30171 litre
3 3 7

Ans: 3. Here, radius of hemispherical dome (r) = 14m

Surface area of dome = 2πr2

22
=2× × 14 × 14 = 1232m2
7

Hence, total surface area to be whitewashed from outside is 1232m 2.

Ans: 4. Since rectangular piece of paper is rolled along its length.

∴ 2πr = 22
22 × 7
r= = 3.5cm
2 × 22

Height of cylinder (h) = 10cm

∴ Volume of cylinder = πr2h

22
= × 3.5 × 3.5 × 10 = 385cm3
7

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Ans: 5. Diameter of cone = 10.5m

Radius of cone (r) = 5.25m

Height of cone (h) = 3m

1
Volume of cone = πr2h
3

1 22
= × × 5.25 × 5.25 × 3
3 7

= 86.625m3

Cost of 1m3 of wheat = ₹ 10

Cost of 86.625 m3 of wheat = ₹ 10 × 86.625

= ₹ 866.25

Ans: 6. Since 1 cm3 of water weighs 1 g.

∴ Volume of cylindrical vessel = 154 cm3

πr2h = 154

227 × 3.5 × 3.5 × h = 154

154 × 7
h=
22 × 3.5 × 3.5

h=4

cm Hence, the depth of water is 4cm.

Long Answer:
Ans: 1. Depth of well (h) = 10m
Cost of painting inner curved surface is ₹ 30 per m2 and total cost is ₹ 3300

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Hence, inner curved surface area is 110m2, diameter of the well is 2 × 1.75 i.e.,
3.5m and capacity of the well is 96.25m3.
Ans: 2. Height of cone (h) = 48 cm
Radius of the base of cone = 12 cm
Let R be the radius of sphere so formed
∴ Volume of sphere = Volume of cone
4 1
πR3 = πr2h
3 3
4R3 = 12 × 12 × 48
R3 = 12 × 12 × 12
R = 12cm
Now, curved surface area of sphere = 4πR 2
22
=4× × 12 × 12
7
= 1810.29cm
Ans: 3. Here, dome of building is a hemisphere.
Total cost of whitewashing inside the dome = ₹ 498.96
Rate of whitewashing = ₹ 4 per m2

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Ans: 4. Here, right triangle ABC with sides 5cm, 12cm and 13cm is revolved
about the side 5cm.
∴ Radius of the base of cone = 12cm
Height of the cone = 5cm

= 12 : 5
Ans: 5. Here, hypotenuse and one side of a right triangle are 13cm and 12cm
respectively

Now, given triangle is revolved, taking 12cm as its axis

∴ Radius of the cone (r) = 5cm
Height of the cone (h) = 12cm
Slant height of the cone (1) = 13cm
∴ Curved surface area = πrl = π(5)(13) = 65πcm2
1 1
Volume of the cone = πr2h = π × 5 × 5 × 12 = 100π cm3
2 2
Hence, the volume and curved surface area of the solid so formed are 100 π cm 3
and 65 π cm2 respectively.

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Assertion and Reason Answers-

1. c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
2. a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct
explanation for assertion.
Case Study Answers-
1.
(i) (a) 24000cm3
(ii) (b) 1200cm2
(iii) (d) 1200cm2
(iv) (c) Rs. 1600
(v) (b) Rs. 5200
2.
(i) (b) 5cm
(ii) (c) 1540cm3
(iii) (d) 523.8cm3
(iv) (c) 1.54
(v) (a) 314.3m2

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