CHEMISTRY WORKSHEET NO.

3 SAMHA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Chapter no.8:Acids,Bases,Salts and Test of ions
21) May 2013 [33] Q (6_b, c)
6 (b) (i) Suggest why a solution of malonic acid, concentration 0.2 mol / dm3,
has a higher pH than one of sulfuric acid of the same concentration.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe a test, other than measuring pH, which can be carried out on both
acid solutions to confirm the explanation given in (b)(i) for the different pH
values of the two acids.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Complete the following equations for reactions of these two acids.
(i) sodium hydroxide + malonic acid 
→ .................... + .................... [1]
....................

22) Nov 2013 [31] Q (6_b)

(b) Basic lead(II) carbonate is heated in the apparatus shown below. Water
and carbon dioxide are produced.

(i) Silica gel absorbs water. Silica gel often contains anhydrous cobalt(II)
chloride.
When this absorbs water it changes from blue to pink.
Suggest a reason.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Soda lime is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide. Why do
these two substances react with carbon dioxide?
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

(iii) Name two substances formed when soda lime reacts with carbon dioxide.
....................................................................................................................... [2]
23) Nov 2013 [32] Q (5_b)
(b) These questions refer to the preparation of the salt.
(i) Why is it necessary to filter the mixture after mixing and stirring?
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the purpose of washing the precipitate?
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Why leave the precipitate in a warm oven?
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) (i) Explain why the concentrations of silver(I) nitrate and potassium
chromate(VI) are different.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
24) Nov 2013 [33] Q (1_c)
1 (c) It is possible to determine whether zirconium(IV) oxide is acidic, neutral,
basic or amphoteric using an acid and an alkali. Complete the table of
possible results. If the oxide is predicted to react write ‘R’, if it is predicted not
to react write ‘NR’.

25) Nov 2013 [33] Q (4_c, d)

(c) Complete the following equations.

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

(d) (i) Sulfuric acid is a strong acid.

You are given aqueous sulfuric acid, concentration 0.1 mol/dm3, and aqueous
hexanesulfonic acid, concentration 0.2 mol/dm3. Describe how you could
show that hexanesulfonic acid is also a strong acid.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Deduce why, for a fair comparison, the two acid solutions must have
different concentrations.
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....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain the terms strong acid and weak acid.
............................................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................... [2]
26) May 2014 [32] Q (6_c)
(c) Scandium oxide is insoluble in water. Describe how you could show that it
is an amphoteric oxide.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [3]
27) May 2014 [32] Q (7_a)
7 The soluble salt hydrated lithium sulfate is made by titration from the soluble
base lithium hydroxide.

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

(a) The sulfuric acid is added slowly from the burette until the indicator just
changes colour. The volume of sulfuric acid needed to just neutralise the
lithium hydroxide is noted.
Describe how you would continue the experiment to obtain pure dry crystals
of hydrated lithium sulfate.
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28) Nov 2014 [31] Q (1)
1 (a) Match the following pH values to the solutions given below.
1 3 7 10 13
The solutions all have the same concentration.

solution pH

aqueous ammonia, a weak base …………

dilute hydrochloric acid, a strong acid …………

aqueous sodium hydroxide, a strong base …………

aqueous sodium chloride, a salt …………

dilute ethanoic acid, a weak acid …………

[5]
(b) Explain why solutions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid with the same
concentration, in mol / dm3, have a different pH.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Measuring pH is one way of distinguishing between a strong acid and a
weak acid.
Describe another method.
method ...............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
results ................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
[2]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

29) Nov 2014 [32] Q (2_c, ii)

(ii) This ore is a mixture of aluminium oxide, which is amphoteric, and iron(III)
oxide which is basic.
Explain how these two oxides can be separated by the addition of aqueous
sodium hydroxide.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
30) Nov 2014 [33] Q (6_b, i)
(b) Strontium carbonate is similar to calcium carbonate. It is insoluble in water
and it decomposes when heated. Rubidium carbonate is soluble in water and
does not decompose when heated.
(i) Describe a method to prepare a pure sample of the insoluble salt, strontium
carbonate, by precipitation.
............................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................
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....................................................................................................................... [4]
31) Nov 2014 [33] Q (8_b)
(b) Complete the description of the preparation of crystals of the soluble salt,
cobalt(II) chloride-6-water, CoCl2.6H2O, from the insoluble base, cobalt(II)
carbonate.

50 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid, concentration 2.2 mol / dm3, was heated
and cobalt(II) carbonate was added in small amounts until ...............................
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….…[4]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

32) May 2015 [31] Q (6_a, b)

6 Acid-base reactions are examples of proton transfer.
(a) Ethylamine is a weak base and sodium hydroxide is a strong base.
(i) In terms of proton transfer, explain what is meant by the term weak base.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Given aqueous solutions of both bases, describe how you could show that
sodium hydroxide is the stronger base. How could you ensure a ‘fair’
comparison between the two solutions?
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....................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) Ethylamine reacts with acids to form salts.
CH3CH2NH2 + HCl 
→ CH3CH2NH3Cl
ethylammonium chloride
(i) Complete the equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and
ethylamine. Name the salt formed.
......CH3CH2NH2 + ............ 
→ .........................
name of salt .................................................................................................. [3]
(ii) Amines and their salts have similar chemical properties to ammonia and
ammonium salts.
Suggest a reagent that could be used to displace the weak base, ethylamine,
from its salt ethylammonium chloride.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
33) May 2015 [32] Q (5)
5 Three common methods of preparing salts are shown below.
method A adding an excess of an insoluble base or carbonate or metal to a
dilute acid and removing excess by filtration
method B using a burette and indicator
method C mixing two solutions to obtain the salt by precipitation
For each of the following salt preparations, choose a method, A, B or C.
Name any additional reagent which is needed and complete the equation.

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

(a) the soluble salt, nickel chloride, from the insoluble compound nickel
carbonate
method ...............................................................................................................
reagent ...............................................................................................................
word equation ....................................................................................................
[3]
(b) the insoluble salt, lead(II) bromide, from aqueous lead(II) nitrate
method ...............................................................................................................
reagent ...............................................................................................................
ionic equation ........ + ........ 
→ PbBr2
[3]
(c) the soluble salt, lithium sulfate, from the soluble base lithium hydroxide
method ...............................................................................................................
reagent ...............................................................................................................
equation .............................................................................................................
[4]
34) May 2015 [33] Q (2)
2 This question is concerned with the following oxides.
aluminium oxide
carbon monoxide
copper(II) oxide
silicon(IV) oxide
sodium oxide
sulfur dioxide
zinc oxide
Choose one oxide from the above list to match each of the following
descriptions. An oxide may be used once, more than once or not at all.
(a) This oxide does not react with acid or alkali. ........................................... [1]
(b) This oxide reacts with water to give a strong alkali solution. ................... [1]
(c) This oxide is used as a bleach. ............................................................... [1]
(d) This oxide is amphoteric. ......................................................................... [1]
(e) This oxide has a giant covalent structure. ............................................... [1]
(f) This oxide is soluble in water and it is acidic ......................... .................. [1]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

35) May 2015 [33] Q (4_b, iii, iv)

(iii) Nitric acid contains nitrate ions.
Describe a test for nitrate ions.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(iv) Explain how you could determine which one of two samples of acid rain
had the higher concentration of hydrogen ions.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
36) Nov 2015 [31] Q (6_a, iii)
(iii) How could you show that silicon(IV) oxide is acidic and not basic or
amphoteric?
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
37) Nov 2015 [32] Q (6_g)
(g) Describe how you could show that magnesium oxide is a basic oxide and
not an amphoteric oxide.
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....................................................................................................................... [2]
38) Nov 2015 [33] Q (5)
5 Sulfuric acid is a strong acid. In aqueous solution, it ionises as shown
below.
→ 2H+ + SO4 2−
H2SO4 
(a) (i) What is meant by the term acid ?
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Sulfurous acid, H2SO3, is a weak acid.
State the difference between a weak acid and a strong acid.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) sulfurous acid forms salts called sulfites, which contain the ion SO32–
When barium nitrate solution is added to aqueous sulfurous acid, a white
precipitate, A, forms.
Bromine water changes from brown to colourless when added to aqueous
sulfurous acid.

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

Bromine oxidises sulfurous acid. When this solution is tested with acidified
barium nitrate solution, a different white precipitate, B, is formed.
(i) Identify the white precipitate, A.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Identify the white precipitate, B.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Write an ionic equation for the reduction of the bromine molecule.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Name the product formed by the oxidation of sulfurous acid.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Complete the following word equations.
(i) magnesium hydroxide + dilute sulfuric acid
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) zinc + dilute sulfuric acid
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) copper carbonate + dilute sulfuric acid
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Write equations for the reaction of dilute sulfuric acid with each of the
following.
(i) ammonia
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) sodium hydroxide
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) iron
....................................................................................................................... [2]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

39) Nov 2015 [33] Q (7_b, c)

7 Two salts can be made from potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. They
are potassium sulfate, K2SO4, and the acid salt potassium hydrogen sulfate,
KHSO4. They are both made by titration.

(b) in the conical flask there is a neutral solution of potassium sulfate which
still contains indicator used in the titration.
(i) Describe how you could obtain a solution of potassium sulfate without the
indicator.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Potassium hydrogen sulfate can be made by the following reaction.
KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 
→ KHSO4(aq) + H2O(l)
Suggest how you could make a solution of potassium hydrogen sulfate
without using an indicator.
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Describe a test which would distinguish between aqueous solutions of
potassium sulfate and sulfuric acid.
test .....................................................................................................................
result ..................................................................................................................
[2]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

40) May 2016 [41] Q (2_b, c)

(b) Magnesium reacts slowly with warm water to form a base, magnesium
hydroxide.
(i) Explain what is meant by the term base.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and warm
water.
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Aluminium oxide is amphoteric. It is insoluble in water.
Describe experiments to show that aluminium oxide is amphoteric.
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41) May 2016 [41] Q (5_d, e)
(d) Dilute sulfuric acid is a typical acid.
A student adds excess dilute sulfuric acid to a sample of solid copper(II)
carbonate in a test-tube.
(i) Give three observations the student would make.
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....................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Give the names of all products formed.
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(e) Concentrated sulfuric acid has different properties to dilute sulfuric acid.
When concentrated sulfuric acid is added to glucose, C6H12O6, steam is given
off and a black solid is formed.
(i) Name the black solid.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What type of reaction has occurred?
....................................................................................................................... [1]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

42) May 2016 [42] Q (3_c)

(c) Gallium(III) oxide, Ga2O3, is amphoteric.
(i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between gallium(III) oxide and
dilute nitric acid to form a salt and water only.
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The reaction between gallium(III) oxide and sodium hydroxide solution
forms only water and a salt containing the negative ion Ga2O42–.
Write the chemical equation for this reaction.
....................................................................................................................... [2]
43) May 2016 [42] Q (6_d, i)
(d) When a sample of steel is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, an aqueous
solution of iron(II) chloride, FeCl2, is formed.
When a sample of rust is added to dilute hydrochloric acid, an aqueous
solution of iron(III) chloride, FeCl3, is formed.
(i) Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to the solutions of iron(II) chloride and
iron(III) chloride.
Complete the table below, showing the observations you would expect to
make.

iron(II) chloride solution iron(III) chloride solution

aqueous
sodium hydroxide

[2]
44) May 2016 [43] Q (4_b)
(b) Potassium iodide and lead nitrate are both soluble. Lead iodide is
insoluble.
(i) Describe how a pure dry sample of lead iodide could be made from solid
potassium iodide and solid lead nitrate.
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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

(ii) Write an ionic equation for the formation of lead iodide, PbI2, when
potassium iodide and lead nitrate react with each other.
State symbols are not required.
....................................................................................................................... [2]
45) May 2016 [43] Q (6_b)
(b) Some of the white solid is removed from the tube and dissolved in water.
Describe how the white solid could be tested to show it contains,
(i) ammonium ions,
test .....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
result ..................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) chloride ions.
test .....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
result ..................................................................................................................
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[3]
46) Nov 2016 [42] Q (4)
4 Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in some reactions but not in other
reactions.
(a) Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid when reacted with copper(II)
oxide and with copper(II) carbonate.
Describe what you would see if excess dilute nitric acid is added separately to
solid samples of copper(II) carbonate and copper(II) oxide followed by
warming the mixtures.
copper(II) carbonate
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
copper(II) oxide
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
[4]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

(b) When dilute nitric acid is added to pieces of copper and heated, a reaction
takes place and copper(II) nitrate is formed.
(i) Part of the chemical equation for the reaction between copper and dilute
nitric acid is shown.
Complete the chemical equation by inserting the formula of copper(II) nitrate
and balancing the equation.
......Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) 
→ .........................(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2NO(g)
[2]
(ii) How is the reaction of dilute nitric acid with copper different from that of a
typical metal with a typical acid?
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [1]
47) Nov 2016 [42] Q (5_e, ii)
(ii) The oxide of iodine in (e)(i) dissolves in water.
Predict and explain the effect of adding Universal Indicator to an aqueous
solution of this oxide of iodine.
effect on Universal Indicator
................................................................................................
explanation
..........................................................................................................................
[2]
48) Nov 2016 [43] Q (2_d)
(d) Beryllium hydroxide is amphoteric.
Beryllium hydroxide reacts with acids. The salts formed contain positive
beryllium ions.
(i) Give the formula of the positive beryllium ion.
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between beryllium hydroxide
and hydrochloric acid.
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Beryllium hydroxide also reacts with alkalis. The salts formed contain
beryllate ions, BeO22–.
Suggest a chemical equation for the reaction between beryllium hydroxide
and sodium hydroxide solution.
....................................................................................................................... [2]

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Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Classified Paper_4_Topic 9

49) Nov 2016 [43] Q (5_f)

(f) Sulfuric acid reacts with a hydrocarbon called benzene to produce
benzenesulfonic acid, C6H5SO3H. Benzenesulfonic acid is a strong acid which
ionises to produce hydrogen ions, H+, and benzenesulfonate ions, C6H5SO3–.
(i) What is meant by the term strong acid?
....................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe how to show that a 1 mol / dm3 solution of benzenesulfonic acid
is a strong acid.
............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between benzenesulfonic acid
and sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.
....................................................................................................................... [2]

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