STUDY ON THE QUASI FREE REGIONS OF 20Ne(π+, K+) Λ20Ne REACTION

WITH FERMI MOTION CONSIDERATION

Phyo Pa Pa Hlaing1 Theingi2
1 2
Department of Engineering Physics Department of Physics
1 2
Technological University, Kyaukse Mandalay University of Distance Education, Mandalay
1 2
phyopapahlaing.mu@gmail.com theingimandalar@gmail.com
To determine the positions and widths of the
Abstract- The purpose of this research work is to study background peaks, the momentum transfer of kaon and 
quasi-free regions of lambda hyperon production from
+
n (π + , Κ + )Y
20
Ne ( π , K + ) 20Λ Ne reaction. In our calculation  is are obtained from the elementary process by
calculating numerically with Newton-Raphson method.
produced above its emission threshold, namely quasi- The
free region. Characteristics of quasi-free production is missing mass of lambda hypernucleus is calculated after
studied by considering Fermi motion of neutron in
target nucleus. We also calculated the kinematics of Κ+
having obtained the momentum transfer of .
π + + 20 + 20
10 Ne → Κ + Λ Ne reaction such as quasi- A. Mathematical Formulation for Momentum Transfer
free(QF) production base on the elementary process of
∘ ∘ ∘ ∘
with θ = 0 , 6 , 9 and 12 respectively. The results of n (π + ,Κ + ) Λ
emitted kaon momentum for various scattered angles Reaction
and calculated missing mass spectrum for single  Firstly we calculated Q value for elementary process (
production (quasi free -20Ne production) are
investigated. n + π+ → Κ + + Λ
) to know the reaction is endoergic or
Keywords- Fermi motion, hypernucleus, missing mass, exoergic. We found that Q = -531.338MeV and the reaction is
quasi-free (QF) process, sticking probability. endoergic. Therefore we continued to find the threshold
n ( π + , Κ+ ) Λ
energy Eth for reaction and the value of
I. INTRODUCTION threshold energy Eth is 897.914MeV. In momentum transfer
and missing mass calculation we used the incident pion
The production of hyperon in a scattering state of P π = 1040 MeV/c
the quasi-free(QF) process appears with a serious momentum [1][3] with different angles of
competition to the formation of a genuine hypernucleus. In emitted kaon.
order to produce a hypernucleus, the hyperon emerging
from the reaction on a nucleon of the target has to stay in K+ 
the nucleus. The sticking probability depends very much
on the momentum transferred to the hyperon. If the PK, EK
momentum transfer is large compared to the nuclear Fermi
momentum PF ( P F ≈ 280 MeV/ c ) , the hyperon will have
little chance to stick to the nucleus and will usually leave. PE n
Figure 1. Schematic diagram ofthe elementary process.
On the other hand, if momentum transfer is very small, the +
sticking probability should be high and the hyperon will π calculated Q value for elementary process (
The
most probably keep the situation of original nucleon. In
n + π+ → Κ + + Λ
n ( π + , Κ + ) Λ reaction the mass of final state hadrons ) is found to be Q = -531.338MeV
pair is sizably larger than the mass of initial particles. The which indicates the endoergic reactionY andPYthe threshold
reaction is endothermic with a quite large momentum energy Eth is 897.914MeV. To find the momentum transfer
∘ and missing mass spectra with different angles of emitted
MeV at 0
transfer to the hyperon Y
q ≃ 300−400
kaon we used the incide.nt pion momentum
scattering angle [1]. Hence this reaction is able to populate P π = 1040 MeV/c
all possible  levels, from the deepest one up to the quasi- [1][2][3].
free region. When the  is produced above its emission
threshold, namely quasi-free region, it may leave the In Harmonic-Oscillator model, momentum distribution of
nucleus or spread its energy inside the nucleus. Therefore neutron in target nucleus is

( )
we start our calculation from the study of momentum 2
+ 20
Ne → Κ + + 20 ρ ( k n ) = exp − k 2 .
transfer for the π + 10 Λ Ne reaction. a n

II. MOMENTUM TRANSFER OF Where _ kn = Wave vector

REACTION
 √ √
a a f '' ( P K )
k n= ± − ln ρ = ± ln N f ( PK ) + Δ PK f ' ( PK ) + Δ P 2 = 0
2 2 K 2!
f ' '' ( P K )
+ ΔP + −−−
a = 0.25217 fm-2(parameter for 20Ne ) K3 3 !

Pn = ℏ k n
= Neutron momentum in target nucleus
Pπ = pion momentum If we neglect the terms containing the second order and
higher order derivatives, we get
P Κ = kaon momentum
.

p Λ = lambda hyperon momentum f ( P K ) + ( P K − P K 0 ) f ' ( PK ) = 0

(4)
θ = angle between incident momentum of pion Then emitted kaon momentum can be expressed according
and emitted kaon momentum to Newton-Raphson formula as follows.
f ( PK )
P K = PK0 −
En = neutron energy d f ( PK )
EK = kaon energy d PK
(5)
E = lambda energy
Let us assume that PK0 is an approximate root of f( PK ) =
E = pion energy 0. Then we choose the initial value of PK0 to solve equation
Elementary process d f ( PK )
d ( PK )
n + π+ → Κ + + Λ (5).From equation (5) the term is solved as
follows.
According to energy conservation
En
En
Equation (1) can be expressed in the relative mass energy (6)
E = √ m 2 c 4 + P2 c 2
form of .

√m c π
2
4
+P
π
2
2
c + √m n
2
4
c +P2c
n
2
=0
−√m 2 c4 + P 2 c2 − √m 2
4
c +P 2 c2
Κ Κ Λ Λ
(2)
d f ( PK ) P c2 P c 2 − | P π + Pn| cos θc2
According to momentum conservation term, = K + K
d ( PK ) EK EΛ
P π + Pn = P Κ + P Λ , P Λ = Pπ + Pn − P Κ
. (7)
The value of f ( PΚ + )
P
Λ2 {
= ( P π + P n )2 + P
Κ2
− | P π + Pn| | P Κ| cos θ c 2 } After that we obtain and we get the first
is (1 ) ( 0)
P += P + ΔP Κ
substituted in equation (2.1.2). Κ
Κ
+
approximate value of . In the
√m π
2 c4 + P
π
2 c2 + √m n
2 c4 + P 2 c2 − m
n √ Κ
2 c4 + P
Κ
2 c2 = 0
P
(0 )
+
−
√ m
Λ
4
{ 2
2 c + ( Pπ + Pn ) + P
Κ
2 − 2 | P π + Pn|| PΚ| cosθ c
2
} numerical calculation, the initial value
Κ
is given and
(1 )
(3)
P +
Κ
+
first approximation is obtained from equation (5).
The momentum of K and lambda hyperon are obtained by (0 )
solving the above equation with Newton-Raphson Method. P
Κ
+
B. Newton-Raphson Method After that we get the first approximate value of and
(1 )
This method is a numerical method which applied to P +
Κ
find the root of any function f(x) equal to 0. we replaced this value and iterate the calculation
 f ( P K i ) − f ( P Κ i −1) P initial = Pobs + P X P X = Pinitial − Pobs
until approaches to zero. Then then .
momentum transfer of kaon is obtained.
By the value of Ex and Px substituting in equation ( 8 ),
20
Λ Ne
III. MISSING MASS FORMULA FOR missing mass of is obtained.
REACTION
The hypernuclear states can be studied from the 
hypernuclear production process. Therefore, it is necessary (10)
to find the missing mass energy of this production. The

( M Ne )
20
Λ
missing mass of the hypernucleus can be
obtained as
( rc ) exp[−(r /c) ]
2
opt 2
V (r)= (V 0 +i W 0 )
¿
Λ p

. Then we rewrite as follows. (11)

K̄ N
(8)
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
+ 20 + 20
π + 10 Ne → Κ + Λ Ne
For reaction We calculated the momentum transfer of
+ 20 + 20
π + 10 Ne → Κ + Λ Ne reaction with incident pion
By the law of conservation of energy,
E + + E target = E Κ + + E X momentum 1040MeV/c for various scattered angles.
π Emitted kaon momentum are expressed in table (I to III).
In order to understand the origins of quasi-free Y- Nucleus
E + + E20 Ne = E Κ + + E20 Ne structure, we examined missing mass spectrum of this
π 10 Λ (9) reaction. The peak position and level width of quasi-free
productions are determined by considering the Fermi
95+1−187(stat .)+3−201(syst.)
where = energy of incident pion, Etarget = energy of motion of neutron in target 20Ne. The neutron momentum
distribution of Fermi type is taken into account in
K̄ N Λ p
¿
determining the observed emitted kaon momentum.
target nucleus, = energy of observed particle ( and
The missing mass of Λ20Ne is obtained by applying the
Ex= energy of missing particle.
E init =E π + E target p
K+ relation .
Let and .
The calculated missing mass spectrum for single  of
f ( pK+ ) quasi free -20Ne production is shown in fig 2. It is found
Equation ( 9 ) can be written as . that missing mass spectrum of Λ20Ne is the right of the
threshold mass 18810MeV. The peak positions are slightly
E X = Einit − E obs shifted to the higher mass energy region by increasing in
scattered angles. According to the calculated results the
By the law of conservation of momentum, momentum transfer of -hyperon is more than 400MeV/c
P + + P target = P + + P X which is greater than Fermi momentum PF
π K ( P F ≈ 280 MeV/ c )
. The origin of quasi-free peaks
appears due to the kinematics of this reaction.
P f(pK+ )+
df(pK + )
ΔpK+ =0
π+ dp K+
where = momentum of incident particle pion
Table I. Relation between missing mass of Λ-20Ne and internal
Ptarget momentum of neutron with scattering angle θ = 0˚
= momentum of target nucleus. Pn
Missing
P p +→pK ++Δpk+ Probability (MeV/c)
Κ+ K
= momentum of observed particle (
1
. (MeV/c) p0K +
mass
PX
= momentum of missing particle. (MeV/c2)
P initial =P +
+ Ptarget and Pobs= P + 1.0 0 629.925 18862.293
π K
Let .
 0.5 58.327 576.838 18902.155 0.2 88.878 530.118 18935.665
-58.327 670.299 18830.970 -88.878 682.826 18820.884

0.166667 93.777 522.900 18940.739

0.333333 73.431 559.694 18914.674
-93.777 685.588 18818.695
-73.431 679.368 18823.825
0.142857 97.728 516.787 18945.007
0.25 82.487 548.404 18922.816
-97.728 687.783 18816.953
-82.487 684.581 18819.701
0.125 101.025 511.459 18948.706
0.2 88.878 539.877 18928.910
-101.025 689.594 18815.514
-88.878 688.166 18816.857
0.111111 103.847 506.7176 18951.980
0.166667 93.777 532.975 18933.807
-103.847 691.128 18814.294
-93.777 690.863 18814.714
0.1 106.307 502.431 18954.925
0.142857 97.728 527.145 18937.918 -106.307 692.455 18813.238
-97.728 693.006 18813.009

0.125 101.025 522.079 18941.471

1.20
-101.025 694.774 18811.600

=12˚
=
=

6˚=
0˚

9˚
1.00
0.111111 103.847 517.582 18944.609
-103.847 696.273 18810.406 0.80

0.1 106.307 513.528 18947.426 0.60

Rho(r)

-106.307 697.568 18809.372

0.40

0.20

0.00
18770 18800 18830 18860 18890 18920 18950 18980
Missing mass(MeV/c2)

Figure 2. Missing mass spectrum of quasi free state of

Λ-19Ne with various scattered angle

Table II. Relation between missing mass of Λ-20Ne and internal

momentum of neutron with scattering angle θ = 6˚
Table III. Relation between missing mass of Λ-20Ne and internal
n
P Missing momentum of neutron with scattering angle θ = 9˚
Probability Missing
(MeV/c) (MeV/c) p0K + Pn
0
mass Probability pK+
(MeV/c) (MeV/c) mass
(MeV/c2)
(MeV/c2)
1.0 0 623.127 18867.297
1.0 0 614.735 18873.443
0.5 58.327 568.485 18908.106
0.5 58.327 558.138 18915.423
-58.327 664.5244 18835.299
-58.327 657.396 18840.622
0.333333 73.431 550.738 18920.974
0.3333 73.431 539.613 18928.733
-73.431 673.814 18828.001
-73.431 666.959 18833.139
0.25 82.487 539.007 18929.367
0.25 82.487 527.306 18937.448
-82.487 679.155 18823.788
18828.819
 -82.487 672.454

0.2 88.878 517.937 18944.012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

-88.878 676.232 18825.840
I am deeply grateful to Dr Aye Aye San, Head of
0.1666 93.777 510.298 18949.318 Department of Engineering Physics, Technological
University (Kyaukse), for her permission and
-93.777 679.074 18823.595
encouragement to conduct this research work.
0.1428 97.728 503.800 18953.797
References
-97.728 681.333 18821.808
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0.125 101.025 498.113 18957.692 Hypernuclei, Intl. J. Mod. Phys. 1990.
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[2] A. Umehya, T. Motobaand and T. Harada, Genshikahu
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0.1 106.307 488.420 18964.273
-106.307 686.140 18817.998