CHAPTER

Nature and Significance

of lanagement
In this Chapter...
" Concept ot management " Levels of management
"Objectives ot management " Functions of management
" Importance of management " Coordination
Nature ot management

Management is a universal concept as it is According to Harold Koontz and Heinz

essential for all organisations whether big Weihrich, "Management is the process of
orsmall, profit or non-profit, services or designing and maintaining an environment in
Manufacturing. It is necessary so that the which individuals,working together in groups,
individuals make their best contribution efficiently accomplish selected aims."
towards group objectives. According to Kreitner, "Management is the
process of working with and through others to
Concept of Management effectively achieve organisational objectives by
efficiently using limited resources in the
Management is an activity which is necessary changing environment."n
wherever there is a group of people working in an
The abOve definitions focuses on three terms given
organisation. Management aims at guiding their below
efforts towards achieving a common goal.
It can be defined as 'a process of getting things 1. Management as Process It isconsidered as
done with the aim of achievinggoals effectively process as it includes a series of functions,
and efficiently." which are necessary to get the things done.
These functions consist of planning,
Deinitions of Management organising, staffing,directing and
According toRobert LTrewelly and MGene controlling.
Newport, "Management is defined as the 2. Management needs Effectiveness
process of planning, organising, actuating and Effectiveness in management is concerned
Controlling an organisation's operations in order with doing the righttask, completing
toachieve coordination of the human and activities andachievinggoals within the
naterial resources essential in the effective and preseribed time liit. It is basically
eficient attainment of objectives." concerned with end result.
 Alinone Business Studles Class 12th NatureandSignificance of Management 5
4
Goal-oriented Process The
1. Management-isa Management of
Operations It refers to
3. Management to be Done
Efficiently achieve the
(basit aim of management is to theactivities of production 7. Management is an Intangible Force
Efficiency is concerned with doing the task
cycle, which Management is an unseen force whose
organisational goals.JTheseshould be simple otails the flow of input material and
correctly and with minimum cost, least presence can be felt when an organisation
and clearly stated. Different organisations transforms the input into desired
functions Orderliness, discipline,happy and
wastage and maximum utilisation of have different set of goals. output. It is interlinked with both
resources. management of work and management satisfied employees, all reflect the presence of
Management achieve these goals through of people. effectíve management.
Management is concerned with the efficient
uniting the efforts of the individuals in the
use of resources to get the maximum output,
organisation. Planning CHECKPoINT 01
as it reduces costs and lead to higher profits.
2. Management is All Pervasive
Management is
1. Describe the parameter to determine effectiveness. Tme
conduct all types of activities
Efedjveness vs Etiöenc..
tptmi ctiatel
necessary to
business or non-business MAn
2. "Management is acomplex activity with multiple
dimensions." Name the dimensions referred in the
. These two terms are different' but they are
whether it is a
in all Resource
interrelated. Effectiveness, on one hand aims activity. t is universaly applicable
political,
above said statement.
3. "Planning, organising, staffing, directing and
types of organisaion whether Controlling
toachieve goals within time, efficiency on the of Management: controlling are applied in schools, hospitals, clubs,
other, is concerned with optimum utilisation economic or socia) A multi-dimensional
etc." Which characteristic of management is
resources and achieving the goal with minimum Multi-dimensional activity highlighted in the given statement?
cost. So, completing the task in time with 3. Management is which
minimum cost is desirable. Management is a complex activity that 4. Why management is considered as group activity?
dimensions, 5. Ginni Pizza Hub keeps on introducing new variety of
"Though efficiency and effectiveness are different, comprises of three main nos
Pizzas in its menu, Identify the characteristic of
they refleçt two sides of the same coin. But are as follows
management highlighted in this case.
these twO aspects need to be balanced and at It is concerned
() Management of Workvarious.activities/
times, management has to compromise with with performance of Leading
efficiency. tasks in anorganisation.
" Take an example, the production target of a firm
is 10,000 units in a month. To achieve the e.g. Manufacturing a product in a
factory, Objectives of Management
hospital, etc. 4. Manage ment is a Continuous Process Management aims to achieve certain objectives
target, the production manager works in double treating patients in a which are the desired result of any activity.
shift, employs more workers and is able to Management translates this work in Management is an ongoing process of
complete the target but the costs have terms of goals to be achieved and continuous, composite, but separate Management has to achieve these objectives in
an effective and efficient manner.
increased. Thus, the manager is efective
assigns the means to achieve it. functions (planning, organising, staffing,
but not efficient.
This is done in terms of problems to be directing and controling).These functions These can be grouped as follows
" In another case with the same target, the
production manager does everything to reduce solved, decisions to be made, plans to be are simultanequsly performed by all
managers on a continuous basis.
cost, but he is unable to complete the target by established, budgets to be prepared, 1. Organisational Objectives
the end of the month. Thus, efficiency is responsibilities to be assigned and 5. Management is a Group Activity An The basic objective of any organisation should be
achieved but not effectiveness.
authority to be delegated. organisation is a collection of diverse to utilise human and material resources to the
Therefore, management should be effective as well
as efficient to make the organisation successful. (ü) Management of People It refers to individuals with different needs. maximum possible advantage, i.e. to fulfill the
management of human resources, which Through coordination and teamwork, economic objectives of business, which include
Characderistics of Management /Featte
are the most important asset for an
managenent unites the efforts of individuals (1) Survival The most important objective,of
organisation. achieve organisational goals, alongwith the every business is to survive. Management
Characteristics of management are as follows Management of people implies two growth and development of individuals as must seek to ensure organisation's survival,
Characteristics of Management things needs and opportunities change. (which can be possible only if organisation
" Dealing with employees as individuals 6. Management is a Dynamic Function Every earns enough revenue to cover its costs)
agoal-oriented -an intangible with diverse needs and behaviour. (i) Profit It is the incentive or reward for
Management force organisation interacts with its external
process
"Dealing with individuals as a group of
environment which includes social, economic carrying out a business. Management must
allpervasive adynamic people. and political factors. ensure that the organisation makes profit,
function The task of management is to make which provides a vital incentive for
multi-dimensional a group In orderto survive or achieve success, an
(Management of work, people work towards the achievement of
activity
organisation must change itself and its organisation's continued successful
peopte and operations) organisation's goals,by making their operation. Profit is essential to cover
a continuous strengths effective and their weaknesses goals according to the needs ofthe
process irrelevant. environment. costs and risks of the business.
 Class 1 and Signific:
cance of Management
6 Alinone Business Studies Nature
7

due to following oGective management helps to create

(iüi) Growth Business organisations must grow It is gaining its importance noloyment, provide good quality products This characteristic is also present in
and expand their activities which can be
measured in terms of sales, profits, number
reasons
Importance of Management easonable price, use eco-friendly methods management as it has certain principles
and techniques alongwith lots of literature
of production etc. which
and| contribute towards availabie in various areas of management
of products, number of employees etc. growth
Growth indicates the ability of an
-Management
Helps in
the developmentof society. like finance, marketing, etc. that the
organisation to fully exploit its potential Helps in Creates a the deve CHECK POINT 02 manager has to specialise in.
opportunities.

2. Sodal 0bjectives
achievls
group
Increases
eficiency
dynamic
organisation
Helps in
achieving
lopment
of society Survival of an organiSation is possible only ifit
earns enough to cover
2. Personalised Application Art is a
personalised concept, as use of principles
and theories differs from person to person,
personal 9 How can business fulil higher level needs of
These objectives deal with the commitnent of an objectives employees? giving rise to different stvles of application.
«prakash, a director of Cogmis Ltd. is engaged in e.g. two dancers, two speakers or two actors
organisation towards the society. It involves Achieving Group Goal
"Creating employment opportunities for 1. Management helpsin manufacturing auto aCcessories. He decided to keep will always differ in demonstrating their art.
Every organisation has a set of goals to be one-third seats reserved for specially disadvantaged Management also possess this feature, as
disadvantaged sections of society. Management unites the resources ection of society." ldentify the objective of
achieved. every manager learm same principles and
" Providing basic amenities like schools and direction to the management highlighted in givern case.
together and give common theories of manage ment, but each manager
creches to employees. individuals towards achieving 4. "Employees hesitate to accept the changes manages things and people in his own unique
efforts of all introduced in the organisation. Managers convince
" Providing good quality productsat reasonable those goals. and guide them to adapt to these changes."The way depending on how creative they are.
prices. 2. Management increases
Efficiency Managers oiven statement highlights which importance of A good manager works through a
seek to reduce costs and increase management?
Timely payment of taxes. combination of practice, creativity,
Using eco-friendly methodsof production. productivity through better planning, imagination, initiative and innovation.
Conducting business in fair and careful organising, directing, staffing and controlling 3. Based on Practice and Creativity Art hes in
manner the activities of the organisation. Nature of Management creative application of existing theoretical
3. Management creates a Dynamic Different management thinkers have different knowiedge, which improves with consistent
Organisation Every organisation works in an views, as some authors describe it as a science, practice, creativity, imagination. innovation
3. Persondl Objectives ever-changing environment and individuals while some consider it as an art. Moreover, some and initiative.
These objectives are related with satisfying the resist such change. Thus, management hélps practitioner believe that management is going
personal needs of the employees having different This feature also applies to management, as
people adapt to these changes, so that an towards the way of profession.
personalities, backgrounds, experiences and organisation is able to maintain its manager improves his skills and gains vast
Therefore, to understand its nature, let us study experience with the continuous appication of
objectives. competitive edge. the meaning and features of art, science and management principies. This gives rise to
These objectives involve 4. Management helps in Achieving Personal profession, and see how far management fulfills different styles of managemen:.
(financial needs, by giving competitive Objectives A manager leads and motivates them.
salary and perks. Condusion
his team members in such a way that each
On the basis of the above comparison, we can
lif Social needs, by peer recognition. individual is able to achieve his/her personalanagement as on Art
An art may be defined as personalised and skilfl Say that the management is an art as it fuiflls
(iiy figher level needs, by providing goals while contributing towards
all the criteria of being an art. Thus, we can
opportunities for personal growth and organisational objectives. Through application of theoretical knowtedge to achieve
motivation and leadership, the management desred results. conchude that management is an art of getting
development.
Management must reconcile personal goals with helps the individuals to develop team spirit, It can be acquired through study, observation things done through people"
organisational objectives for harmony in the cooperation and commitment to group and experience.
organisation. Success.
The basic features of an art and their comparison Managemernt aay iack pertection which can be
5. Management helps in the Development of . Existence of Theoretical Krnowledge Art is
Importance of Management Society An organisation has number of based on the existence of theoretical
seen Brt
asinger can si.g a sue song, again.
Successful organisations do not achieve their objectives towards diverse groups. Alongwitn knowledge and principles of concept
an artist Can dras the same paining again, etc.
goals by chance but by following a delibrate thedevelopment of But a thanager mar O be it a position to appy
process called management'. It is the thinking
organisation,
management also aims to develop society by
necessary for practice. e.g. literature
on dancing. changes ia carcLMstances.
organ that provides vision to the business. giving due importance to social obligations.
 9
Allinone Business Studles class 12th Significance of Management
Nature and

Peofessional Association All

professionals Condusion
Management as a Science Management as Both Science ond Art bound to be a part of a professional On the basis of the
above study, it can be said
Management is both a science and an art entry. grants does not possess all the
principles. association which regulates that nanagement Thus, it should be
Science is a systematised body of knowledge It is a science because it uses certain practice and enforces a code characteristicsof profession.
which consists of principles based on observation requires continuous certificate of full-ledged profession,
It is an art because it
ofconduct. e.g. All lawyers
have to be a considered that it is not a
and experimentation that explains various general practice and application of personal
skills. pace in the direction of
a scicnce are member of Bar Council to pursue
their but it is moving at a
truths or operation of general laws. Therefore, management as an art and becoming a profession.
exist together in profession.
The basic features of science and their not in contrast to each other but to
comparison
every management function.
This feature is also not applicable CHECK POINT 03
management. Though, there are certain
systenatised body of knowledge
1. Systematised Body of Knowledge Science is Manugement as a Profession management associations in India like
AU 1. "Managerent is a truths,* Which nature
a systematised body of knowledge consisting backed by which explain certain generai
Profession is defined as an occupation India Management Association (AIMA), but highlighted in the above
of management is
of principles and theories based on cause specialised knowledge and training, in which entry *bev do not have the statutory backing and statement?
and-effect relationship. is resticted. membership to these associations is not consideredas inexact science?
2. Why management is
Like science, there is a systematised body of The basic features of a profession and
their mandatory for managers. 3. Mention the comon
feature of art, sCience and
knowledge in management, consisting of
mariagennent.
profession, which is present n
comparison 4 Ethical Code of Conduct All professions are profession
theories, principles, vocabulary and 1. Wel-defined Body of Knowledge A profession Subject to an ethical code of conduct which 4 Is ethical code of conduct feature of
present in mnanagement?
concepts. is based on awell-defined body of knowledge. guides the behaviour of its members. e.g. All
2. Principles Based on Experimentation which can be acquired through instructions. doctors take the oath of ethical practice at
Scientificprinciples are developed through Like profession, management also has well the time they enter the profession.
observation and then tested through
defined body of knowledge. It has its own However, in management, no such rules and
Leveis of Management
repeated experimentation under controlled Every individual in the organisational hierarchy
principles based on experiments and a regulations are framed to guide the managers
conpletion of a
conditions
variety of business situations. through a code of conduct. is responsible for successful
This feature is not fully applicable to particular task. in order to perform this
management. Though, principles of One can acquire such knowledge by pursuing Although, certain associations like AIMA,
responsibility, he is provided certain authorities
courses like MBA, BBA, etc. and acquire have laid down various code of conduct for or the right to take decisions.
management have been developed over a
period of time based on observation and managerial skills at different institutions like managers but they are not legally supported.
Indian Institute of Management (IIM) in India. Thus, this feature is also not applicable to Such an authority-responsibility relationship
experimentation, but it deals with human connects individuais as superiors and
beings whose behaviour cannot be accurately 2. Restricted Entry Entry into a profession is management.
subordinates which gives rise to certain evels
predicted or replicated. Thus, management restricted through an examination or 5. Service Motive The basic motive of each
profession is to render dedicated and of m¡nagement. There are three levels in the
can be called as an inexact science. acquiring an educational degree. e.g. to hierarchy of an organisation. These ievels of
become a Chartered Accountant in India, a committed service its clients. e.g. The task
3. Universal Validity Scientific principles are of a lawyer is to ensure that his client gets management determines the amcunt of authority
valid and applicable universally. This feature candidate is required to clear a specified and status enjoved by an emnpkovee
is also not fully applicable to management.
examination conducted by the Institute of justice.
Principles of management are not exact like Chartered Accountants of India. This feature is also not present in
scientific principles. In management, no such restriction is there management completely, as the primary
Their application and use is not universal. to appoint a manager. Anyone can become a motive of management is to help organisation Top Levei
manager irrespective of the educational achieve its stated goal, which can be profit DircctoTN. Ma:nagement
They have to be modified according to a given Chairnan
situation. qualification. maximisation for a business enterprise and President, eic.
service for a hospital.
Condusion But, now-a-days, professional knowledge and Financ Maaget
training is considered to be a desirable However, in order to survive in the
Thus,on the basis of above comparison, we can Produc tinn Ma Lager Miidie Levei
qualification, as many companies prefer competitive environment, the objective of Divisiona! Heats. Plant Management
conclude that management cannotbe considered profit maximisation is rapidly changing Supenntendeni,etr.
as exact or pure science but we can call it as an
those who possess management degrees from
reputed institutions. Thus, this feature is not towards giving due importance to fulfilling Operative Levcl
inexact science or social science.
strictly applicable to management. socialobligations alongwith the economic SupervisOr, Forenau, Sretion Management
objectives. Oifeey ett.
 Alinone Busln0ss Studles Class 12th 1
10
Management
Nature and Significance of

These are discussed below " To assign duties and responsibilities to lower Motivating workers means creating
an
level managers. 1 Planning It is the process of deciding in environment that makes them want to work,
advance what to do, how to do, when to do to do
1. Top Level Manogement To motivate them to achieve desired objectíves, while leadership is infuencing others
andwho is going to do it. what the leader wants them to do.
Top level consist of senior most executives of To cooperate with other departments for
It bridges the gap between where we are and
organisation.This level includes Board of. smooth functioning of organisation. 5. Controlling This function monitors
Directors, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), where we want to reach, i.e. future position organisational performance towards the
that the management wants to achieve.
Managing Director, Chairman, President, 3. Operationalor Supervisory Level Menagement All managers start with deciding in advance
attainment of organisational goals.
Vice-President, Chief Financial Advisor (CFO) etc. This management level includes the groups or In this function, manager compares the
The people working at this level have maximum members, who are concerned with execution of the organisational goals and developinga actual performance with the planned
authority. the work. way of achieving them efficiently and performance and look towards finding the
They are also known as first line managers and
effectively. deviations, if any. Manager, then takes
Main Fundtions of Top Level Management 2. Organising It is the process of assigning corrective actions to keep the actual
. To strive for welfare and survival of business. relates to the lower level in the hierarchy of the
organisation. duties, grouping tasks, establishing performance as per plan.
" To formulate overall organisational goals and authority and allocating resources required
Their authority and responsibility is limited CHECK POINT 04
policies of the business.
according to the plans drawn by the top and to carry out a specific plan. It decides who
To integrate diverse elements and coordinate will do a particular task, where and whern it 1, What does levels of management indicate?
middle management. This level includes
the activities of different departments according (Supervisor, Foremen, Clerks, Inspectors, etc. will be done. 2. "Atul is responsíble for appointing workers on daily
tothe overall objectives of the organisation. It involves grouping of various tasks into wages." At which level of management, he is working?
Main Functions of Lower Level Management 3. Interacting with the actual workforce is a function of
To analyse the business environment and its manageable departments and establishes an
which level of managernent?
implications for the survival of the firm. To directly oversee the efforts of the workforce. authority and reporting relationship within 4. Which function bridges the gap between where we
They are responsible for all the activities of To interact with actual workforce and pass on the organisational hierarchy.
are and where we want to go?
business and their impact on society. middle level managers' instructions to the Proper organisatíonal techniques help in the 5. Under which function, manager compares the actual
Thus, it can be rightly said that the job of person workers. accomplishment of work and promote both performance with the pianned performance?
at this level of management is complex and To ensure that wastage of materials is the efficiency of operations and the
stressful, which demands long hours and minimised, output quality and safety effectiveness of results.
commitrnent to the organisation. standards are mnaintained. The quality and
Coordination
3. Stafing It is the process of filling all
quantity of output depends on the hardwork, positions in an organisation with adequate Coordination is the force that binds all the
2. Middle Level Management discipline and loyalty of workers. and qualified personnel. It is related to functions of management. t invoes
Middle level nanagement acts as a link between To represent workers' grievances and finding the right people with right synchronisation of the activities of different
top and lower level management. This level suggestions before the management. qualification to be employed at a right place departments towards the accomplishment of
includes division heads, such as Finance and at right time. common goal
To ensure safe and proper working conditions
Manager, Marketing Manager, Branch and for workers. This is also known as human resource It is sometimes considered as a separate function
Regional Managers, Departmental and Divisional function and involves activities like
Heads, Plant Superintendent, etc. of managernent. However, it is the essence of
Middle level managers are responsible to
Functions of Management recruitment, selection, placement, training,
etc.
management, to achieve harmony among
Management is a dynamic process, in which individual efforts towards the accomplishment of
implement and control plans and strategies 4. Directing This function is related with goals. Coordination is inplicit and inherent in all
developed by top management. At the same time, every manager has to perform following
functions, irrespective of nature, size or type of leading, influencing, communicating, functions of an organisation.
they are also responsible for all the activities of supervising and motivating employees
first line managers. organisation
towards the attainment of planned targets.
Definitions of Coordiunation
Functions of Management
Main Fundions of Middle Level Management It is concerned with influencing the According to McFariand, "Coordination is the
" To interpret the policies framed by top behaviour of human resource. Motivation process whereby an executive develops an
and leadership are two key components of orderly pattern of group efforts among his
management. Planning Staffing Controlling subordinates and secures unity of action in
" To select and appoint employees for middle
and supervisory level and evaluate their
directing. the pursuit of common purpose."
performance. Organising Directing
 12 Alanone Business Studies Class 126 Nature and Significance of Management
13

According toTheo Haimann, "Coordination is the Charoderistics/Features of Coordination 6. Coordination is a Deliberate Function 2. Functiona] Differentiation Functions of an
orderly synchronising of efforts of subordinates
to provide proper amount, timing and quality of
Main characteristics of coordination are Coordination does not establish itself, organisation are divided into departments,
Characterlstics of Coordination rather it is deliberately created by divisions and sections. All the departments
execution, so that their united efforts lead to the
stated objectives, namely, the common purpose Integrates group efforts managers, by directing the efforts of have their own objectives, strategies and
of the enterprise." Ensures unity of action individuals working under their guidance. policies.
According to EFL Brech, "Coordination is ’Continuous process Cooperation in the absence of coordination Thus, there is a chance of conflict. Such a
An all pervasive function may lead to wasted effort and coordination situation can only be handled by
balancing and keeping together the team by
ensuring suitable allocation of tasks to the The responsibility of all managers without cooperation may lead to establishing proper coordination between
various members and seeing that the tasks are ’Deliberate function dissatisfaction among employees. the departments, so that they proceed
1. Coordination integrates Group Efforts together in a single direction for attainment
performed with harmony among the members
themselves. Coordination is always required where a Importance of Coordinotion of common organisational goals.
group of people work towards a common 3. Specialisation Increasing complexities of
Coordination: goal. It binds unrelated or diverse interests Coordination is important because it integrates
the efforts of individuals, specialists and modern technology and diversity of tasks
into purposeful work activity. It gives a
The Essence of Management common focus to group effort to ensure departments. It is essential as the individuals have given rise to high degree of
Coordination is considered as the essence and departments depend on each other. specialisation. Specialists think that they
that performance is as per plans. only are qualified. perfect and able to judge
of management because of the following 2. Coordination ensures Unity of Action Through coordination, managers reconcile the situation.
reasons differences in timing, interest or effort etc. There
Coordination aims to unite the efforts of
Thus, they are not interested in listerning fo
1, Coordination is Needed to Perform every individual, departments and levels for is also a need to harmonise individual goals and advice from others. This sometimes ieads to
All the Functions of Management the realisation of a common purpose. It organisational goals.
" Coordination begins at the planning stage leads to action of all individuals in one
conflict amongst different specialists as well
Following points highlight the importance of as others in an organisation.
when top management plans for the entire common direction towards achieving coordination
organisation. organisational goals. 1. Growth in Size As organisation grows, it
In order to avoid such kind of conilicts,
" The organisational structure is developed coordination is required to reconciçe the
3. Coordination is a Continuous Process employs larger number of individuals who
based on plans. Coordination is a never ending process differences in approach, interest or opinion
have different habits of work, background, of the specialists.
" Through coordination, people are staffed in whose need is felt at each and every step in goals etc. Thus, there arises a need to
organisational structure, based on the the organisation. It starts with planning synchronise the efforts of all individuals CHECK POINT 05
required skills and abilities of an individual towards achieving the commnon
and jobs are assigned to them. and continues till controlling. 1. How is coordination a continOs prcess?
4. Coordination is an All Pervasive Function organisational goals. 2. What does 'coordination is pervasive' ¹an?
" To ensure that plans are properly
Coordination is required at all levels, To improve efficiency, coordination helps 3. "Coordination is spontaneous, Do vou agree?
executed, directing is required. departments and functions of management in harmonising the individual goals and In what way speciaists in an organisation make
" Ifany discrepancy arises between due to the interdependent nature of various organisational goals. coordination ccessary?
actual and realised activities, then such activities. Absence of coordination at any
discrepancy is taken care of at controlling
level, gives rise to overlapping of activities
stage. and chaos.
2. Coordination is Needed at
All Levels of Management
5. Coordination is the Responsibility of AM
Managers Coordination is the function of
" Top level coordinates the activities of the
every nanager in the organisation.
whole organisation, keeping in view the
Top level managers coordinate to ensure
desired goals. that overall policies are duly carried out,
" Middle level managers coordinate the
activities of different departments. middle level managers coordinate with the
top and supervisory levels and lower level
Lower level managers coordinate the
activities of the workers to ensure that managers coordinate the activities of its
work proceeds as per plans. workers to ensure that work proceeds as
per plans.
 15
Management
Nature and Significance of

and
characteristíCs of (ii) Assigning necessary duties level

NCERT FOLDER 2 Name any two important

management.
A.s Twyo important characteristics of
management are
responsibilities to the lower
managers.

(iv) Motivating them to

achieve desired

6 Which of the following statements does not (i) It is a goal-oriented process. objeetives
departroents for
QR Code Qvestions explain that Managenent is an art'? (ii) It is an intangible force. (vj Cooperates with other
srnooth functioning.
I The primary functions or activities like (a) The entry is restricted through an 3 ldentify and state the force that binds
all the
a
examination
other functions of management. State the basic features of management as
planning, organising, staffing, directing and methods 2
controlling that management performs to get (b) A manager applies the scientific profession.
and body of knowledge in his/her unique Ans Coordination is the force that binds all the other
things done may be termed as occupation backed
functions of management. It is a process by Ans Profession is defined as an
manner training, in wuch
(a) efficiency (b) event
(c) Management is based on practice and which a manager synchronises the activities of by specialised knowledge and
(c) pervasive (d) process different departments. entry is restricted.
creativity refer to text
(d) It has a personalised application growth of an For basic features of & profession,
Ans (d) process 4 List any two indicators of
right organisation. on page 8 and 9.
2 The aspect of management of doing the Ans (a) The entry is restricted through an examination
considered to be a multi
tasks, completing activities and achieving 7 The force that binds the functions of Ans Two indicators of growth of an organisation are 3 Why is management
goals is termed as (i) Profit (i) Expansion dimensional concept?
(b) effcctiveness management is has
(a) pervasive
(a) organising (b) coordination 5 Indian Railways has launched new broad Or Management is a compiex activity that
lc) coordination
(c) efficiency (d) profession gauge solar power train which is going to be three main dimnensions. Explain these Delhi 2019
(d) eficiency a path breaking leap towards making trains dimensions.
Ans (b) coordination greener and more environment friendly. The
Ans (b) effectiveness Ans Management is a compiex activity which is
3 Efficiency is a relationship between inputs 8 Which of the following is not a function of solar power DEMU(DieselElectric Multiple concerned with people, work and operations.
management? Unit) has 6 trailer coaches and is expected to It comprises of
and outputs. It means save about 2 1,000 liters of diesel and ensure
(b) Staffing
(a) adapt itself to the changing environment (a) Controlling (i) Management of Work It is concerned with
(c) Planning (d) Cooperation a cost saving of? 12,00,000 per year. Name performance of various actinties/tasks in
(b) doing the right task and achieving goals the objectives of management achieved by
(c) fulfilling the common organisational goals Ans (d) Cooperation an orgarisation. e.g manufacturing a
Indian Railways in the above case. product in a factorv, reating patients in a
(d) doing the task correctly and with minimum 9 The following is not an objective of Ans Indian Railways have taken an initiative for
Cost
hospital, etc.
management achieving social objectives of management.
Ans (d) doing the task correctly and with minimum (ü) Management of People It refers to
(a) earning profit management of hunman resource, which
COSt (b) growth of the organisation
4 Management can be called as a science, since (c) providing employment Short Answer Type Questions are the most inportant asser for an
(d) policy making 1Ritu is the manager of the northern division of organisatiorn.
(a) it has universal validity Management of people impies two things
a large corporate house. At what level does
(b) it has restricted entry Ans (d) policy making she work in the organisation? What are her (a) Dealing with emplovees as individuals
(c) it has an ethical code of conduct with diverse needs and behaviour.
10Coordination basic functions?
(d) it is based on practice andcreativity (a) function of management Or They transmit orders, decisions and (b)Dealhng with itndivid1als as a group of
Ans (a) it has universal validity (b) essence of management guidance downwards, they also deal with peopie.
5 Chandan Sinha is considered tobe in the top (c) objective of management problems and suggestions." Identify which (izi) Management af Operations i! refers to
management of Potato Chips since he (d) principle of management level of management it is? State some of its the activities of production cycle, which
(a) works with the actual workforce and gives Ans (b) essence of management functions. entails the ow of nput material and
them all kinds of support Ans The level of management being discussed in transforms the input intadesired output.
(b) ensures that his department has necessary
personnels
Exerdses above question middle level management It is interinkel witi xatn management of
Main functions of the middie level management work and management of pcopie.
(c) implements the plans developed by his
superiors Very Short Answer Type Questions are as follows
Q Company X is facing a lot of problems these
(d) analyses the strategies of other chips 1What is meant by management? All India 2015 (i) Interprets the policies framed by top days. It manutactures white goods like
companies and formulates the goals of the management. washing machines, nicrowave ovens,
company
Ans According to Harold Koontz and Heinz Weihrich, (ii) Select and appoint employees for niddle retrigerators and air conditioners. The
Ans (d) analyses the strategies of other chips "Management is the process of designing and and lower level and evaluate their company's margins are under pressure and
maintaining an environment in which performance. the prefits and market share are declining.
companies and formulates the goals of the individuals working together in groups,
company efficiently accomplish selected aims."
 16 All;mone Business Studies Class 12
Nature and Significance of Management 17
The production departnent blames marketing State whether Ashita and Lakshita are
tor not meeting sales targcts and marketing efficient and effective. Give reasons to justify
blames production department for producing your answer. eg. Acompany's target is to produce 5,000 The activities are interrelated and it is often
goods, which are not of good quality meeting Ans Effectiveness is concermed with completing units of goods per year at a cost of 5 per unit. difficult to pinpoint where one ended and the
customers expectations. The finance In order to achieve the target, manager employs other began.
department blames both production and activities or achieving goals within the prescribed
time limt, while efficiencv is concerned with extra labour force which results in increasing e.g. While performing the staffing function, HR
marketing for declining return on investment the cost per unit to ? 550. Thus, the manager is Managers have to plan for the future manpower
and bad marketing, doing the task correctly and achieving the goal effective but not efficient. requirements, recruitment, selection, etc. all at
What quality of management do you think the with mninimum cost. So, completing the task in
time with minimum cost is desirable. If, however, he works with same manpower to the same time. Thus, management functions are
company is lacking? Explain briefly. What keep the cost at ? 5.00 per unit, he is unable to Continuous and interrelated, with no
steps should the company's In the above said case, Ashita and Lakshita
to bring the company back on management
track?
take were assigned the responsibility of producing
attain the target in a year. predetermined sequence.
5 A company wants to modify its existing
500 bracelets each at a cost of Thus, he becomes ineffective. Therefore, in order
Ans Coordination is missing in 100 per to be successful, it is necessary that he is product in the market due to decreasing
departments are not Company X. All the bracelet. Ashita produced the required number
efficient and effective in his operations at the sales. You can inagine any product about
other and that is why,coordinating with each of bracelets within the stipulated time but at a
they end up in blaming cost of R 55,000, therefore, Ashita is effective
same time. which you are familiar. What decisions/steps
each other for the poor 4 Management is a series of continuous inter should each levei of management take to give
To bring coordination, performance.
but not efficient as the cost have increased.
related functions." Comment. effect to this decision?
the following steps management should take Whereas, Lakshita is efficient as she is able to
Arns The three levels of tmanagement win work
produce bracelets at lesser cost but not effective
(i)) After the goals are because she is not able to achieve the target of together towards the modification of the product
be comnmunicated toestablished, they should Management is a series of continuous inter with the motive of increasing sales.
all departments well in producing 500 bracelets. related functions with no predetermined
advance to understand goals' importance sequence." Explain. Delhi 2008C (i) Decisions to be taken by top level
and their specific roles Long Answer Type Questions Ans The process of management involves following
managenent are
(ii) Managers ensure that all (a) Direction of modification, after scanning
coordinate with each other.departments
1 Management is considered to be both an art functions
the evironent.
and science." Explain. (i) Planning In this step, an organisation
(iii) Whenever there is difference of interest, the (b) Drafting sales targets and various sales
Or "Management is regarded as an art by some, plans everything before action. This step
managers should try and strike a balance as science or as an inexact science by others. helps in determining objective, forecasting plans and sales incerntives.
so that they all work in the same (c) How to enhance the value of the product
direction. The truth seems to be in between." In the and formulation of policies.
(iv) Meetings between the departmental heads of in qualitative terms?
light of this statement, explain the true (i) Organising Once the plans are formulated
production, marketing, finance, etc, should nature of management. in an organisation, the next step is (d} Thinking of the financiai requirements
be organised on a regular basis and in Delhi 2011 organising which means providing all
Ans The above said statement is true. (e) Marketing and promotionai techniques
routine to solve problems when they emerge Let's consider necessary things for its functioning iie. raw required for fastening the sales.
5 them one-by-one from the following view points materials, tools, capital, personnel, etc.
Coordination is the essence of management." Management is both Art and Science Refer to
(ii) Decisions to be taken by middie ievel
Do you agree? Give reasons. (ii) Staffing In this step, right person is placed management are
text on page 7 and 8. at the right job according to the need of
Or "Coordination is the essence of workforce which is required to achieve the
fa) Interpretation af the poicies framed by
Explain. management. 2 Do you think
management has the organisational goals.
top management to the lower evel
Delhi 2019
Ans Yes, coordination is considered as
the essence of
characteristics of a full-fledged profession? (iv) Directing At this stage, actual work is
management.
Or Explain management as profession. (b) Hiring necessary personnel with the
management because of number of reasons started as it imnplies initiating or instructing
For reasons, refer to topic 'Coordination : The All India 2019 employees to act.
required qualities and qualifications.
Essence of Management' on page 12. Ans Refer to topic (c) Assigning responsibility as per capability
page 8 and 9.
'Managemnent as a Profession' on (v) Controlling This step helps in binding the and establishng the auperior
6 Ashita and Lakshita are efforts at every step. It ensures that the
employees working in organisation is moving on the right track subordinate relatienship.
Dazzling enterprises dealing in costume 3"A successful enterprise has to achieve its to achieve its goal. (d) Motivating people to achieve the desired
jewellery. The firm secured an urgent order goals effectively and efficiently." Explain. The various functions of manager are usually
results.
for 1,000 bracelets that were to
be delivered Or "Effectiveness and efficiency are two sides of performed in the order given above, suggesting (e) Cooperating with the team members as
within 4 days. They were assigned the the same coin." Explain. that a manager first plans. In reality, managers well as with other departments.
Delhi 2015
responsibility of producing 500 bracelets each
at acost of ? 100 per Ans The purpose of rmanagement is to are rarely able to carry out these functions in () Taking the feedback and arranging the
bracelet. Ashita was goals set for the organisation. These achieve the isolation, follow up meeting.
able to produce the required number within goals have
to be achieved
the stipulated time at the cost of ? 55,000 efficiently and effectívely.
whereas, Lakshita was able to produce only While efficiency means attaining objectives with
450 units at a cost of ? 90 per unit. specified cost,effective means achieving goals
within specific time limit.
18 Allinone Business Studies class 1

(iii) Decisions that should be taken by lower

level nanagement are
(a) Interpretation of planned targets to the
Ans As per the case, the problem is in coordination
and in communicating the work schedule. The
duplication of work implies that there is a lack
EXAM PATTERN EXERCISE
actual workforce and labourers. of coordination between the levels of performance
is concerned with the organisation.
(b) Helping and directing the workers management as well as there is a problem in
regarding how to carry out the work. Communication because confusion only arises Objective Type Questions of various activities/tasks in
an

(c) Maintaining standards, quality control when things are nott communicated properly. 1 At times a business may concentrate on (a) Managerment of people
and frequent checks. Following remedies are to be taken producing goods with fewer resources, but (b) Management of operations
(d) Minimisation of wastage and motivating cannot achieve the targeted production. In (c) Management of work
(i) Plans and control systems should be Such a case. the business is said to be (d) Managerment of individuais
the workers so that they can deliver coordinated and plans should be
upto their maximum potential. CBSE Term I 2021 perforrnance, e.g.
revised in the light of actual results Ans (c) This is concerned with the
(e) Communicating the grievances achieved. (a) effective but not efficient manufacturing a product in a factory, treating
and feedback to the middle (b) effcient but not effective patients in a hospital, etc.
(ii) A proper communication pattern with clear
management and bringing in the cut instructions is to be followed. (c) Both effective and efficient characteristics of
S ldentify the important
changes, if required. (iüi) Proper coordination is to be made between (d) Neither effective nor efficient management.
(0) Maintaining safety standards. the workers, by guiding them and Ans (b) efficient but not effective (a) It is a goal-oriented process
6A fim plans in advance and has a sound motivating them to achieve the goals. (b) It is an intangible force
2 Naveen works as a production manager in
organisation structure with efficient (iv) Time-to-time feedback is to be taken by the (c) It is single-dimensional
managers from the bottom level. Global Enterprises Ltd. He has been given
supervisory staff and control system, but on the task of getting 10,000 units of hand (d) Both (a) and (b)
several occasions, it finds that plans are not (v) There should be transparency in the wOven table mats manufactured at the cost of
being adhered to. 250 per unit within 20 days. In order to be Ans (d) Both (a) and b)
working pattern.
It leads to confusion and duplication of work. (vi APProprnate motivation techniques should acknowledged as an effective manager, he 6"Management is considered as a continuous
Advise remedy. be must ensure that process." Which of the following relates to this
a) the cost of production does not exceed ? 250 statement?
per unit
(b) the cost of production is less than ? 250 per la) The process of management is a dynamic
function
unit
(c) the work is completed within 20 days even (b} The process of managernent is nulti
at higher cost per unit dimensional
(d) All of the above (c) The process of management is an ongoing
process
Ans (c) the work is completed within 20 days even at
higher cost per unit (d) All of the above

3Different organisations have different goals. Ans (d) Management is a continuous dynamic
Zeepo' is an upcoming retail chain for process as it has to adjust itself to regularly
providing consumer goods door-to-door, the changing environment. it is muiti-dimensional
objective of this organisation is to increase because it has to manage work, people and
operations.
sales. 'Allie' is an educational organisation
working with an objective of providing It performs various furctians like pianning,
education to under privileged children of organising, irecting and controiling on an
the society. Management of each of these ongoing basis.
organisations unite the efforts of their
employees toward achieving organsational 7 Keeping in view the changes in the consumer
goals. demands and preferences, Kamal bakery has
reduced the sugar and tat content in its
The characteristic of management discussed products. This approach of business shows
above is CBSE 2023 that
(a) management is goal-oriented (a) management is an intangible force
(b) management is a continuousprocess (5) managenent is a multi-oe
(c) management is a dynamic function
(d) management is an intangible force (d} managemen: is :' ii u o t
ie (a) management is goal-oriented As {d) management is dnai
20
AIlinone Business Studies class 12th
Nature and Significance of Management 21

8SORT-IT Ltd'. is a leading software (a) Helps in achieving personal objectives

development company. The company is (b) Helps in achieving group goals 15 1dentify the role of middle level management (a) Coordination is an all pervasive function
satisfying the diverse needs of its employees. (c) Helps to increase efficiency from the following. (b) Coordination is the responsibility of all
Its employees are given competitive salaries (a) To implement the policies framed by top
(d) Helps to create a dynamic organisation management. managers
and perks. (c) Coordination is a continuous process
Ans (b) Helps in achieving group goals (b) To maintain close contacts with operative
They have been given chance for their Jevel s0 as to evaluate the performance. (d) Coordination ensures unity of action
personal growth and development. For 12Ram Murty, a Professor of management (c) To assign duties and responsibilities to Ans (d) Coordination ensures unity of action
harmony in the organisation management has conducted a Class on 'management lower level managers.
to reconcile personal goals with organisational principles' and explained to his students the (d) All of the above 20Which of the following functions are required
to be carried out for successfully establishing
objectives. Identify the objective of significance of management principles. Ans (d) Middle level management acts as a link coordination?
management being met by 'SORT-IT Ltd'. between top and lower level management. This
CBSE Term I 2021 In the next class,the Professor asked his (a) Planning and directing
students to play roles of different managers. level is subordinate to top management and
(a) Social (b) Personnel superior to lower managerment. (b) Organising
He gave them various situations and asked
(c) Organisational (c) Staffing
them to think like managers and provide 16 In AX Limited, Amit supervise and control
(d) Both socialand personnel (d) All of the above
solutions to the problems given in these the workers. He also ensures the proper
Ans (b) Personnel situations. arrangement of material and tools to start Ans (d) Coordination is considered as the essence of
the process. Amit is working at which level management and is needed to perform all the
9 Personal objectives are related with satisfying Each student applied the principles of of managerment? functions of management.
the personal needs of the employees. management to the given situation in his own (a) Operational level of management
Management must seek to satisfy the diverse 21 Manav is engaged in a process through which
personalised manner, depending upon his (b) Middle level of management harmony is established among different
needs of employees like creativity.
(c) Top level of managerment activities of an organisation. Which process is
(a) financial needs, by giving competitive salary
The nature of management highlighted in the (d) Either (b) or (c) referred here?
and perks above case is CBSE Term I 2021 (a) Planning
(b) social needs, by peer recognitíon Ans (a) Operational level of managemnent
(a) management as a science (b) Organising
(c) higher level needs, by providing 17 Ramesh Solanki was working in XYZ Ltd. a
(b) management as an art (c) Coordination
opportunities for personal growth (c) management both as an art and as a science
company manufacturing coolers. He found
(d) Either (a) or (b)
and development that the profits had started declining from the
(d) All of the above (d) management as a profession last 3 months. Profit has an implication for Ans (c) Coordination
Ans (b) management as an art the survival of the firm, so he analysed the
Ans (d) The satisfaction of personal objectives of business environment to find out the reasons 22 Without coordination, directing is impossible
individuals is necessary, as only satisfied 13Which of the following features of a profession and of no worth if there is lack of coordination
for this decline. Identify the level of
employees will help to achieve the organisational isfully satisfied by management? management at which Ramesh Solanki was between superiors and
goals. CBSE Term I 2021 (a) managers (b) directors
(a) Service motive
working. (c) subordinates (di All of these
10Protozone Ltd. business is running (a) Top level management
successfully from last 3 years in Rajasthan. (b) Well-defined body of knowledge (b) Middle level management s(c) Subordinates has been assigned the work
as directed by the supenors. So, directing is
The rnanagement has decided to focus on (c) Restricted entry (c) Lower level management
other states as well to sell their products. (d) Ethical code of conduct
impossible if there is a lack of coordination.
(d) None of the above
Identify the organisational objective it is Ans (b) Well-defined body of knowledge Ans (a) Top level 23 which of the following statements is incorrect?
trying to achieve. management (a) The art of managemernt can be acquired
18
(a) Growth objective (b) Social objective 14 Which level of management is reponsible for is an important function of through regular practice, creativity and
(c) Individual objective (d) None of these coordinating the activities of different management as it ensures that right people training
Ans (a) Growth objective departments according to overall objectives of with right qualification are employed at a (b) The major task of à manager is to give a
the organisation? CBSE Term I 2021
right place. conmon direction to the individua! efforts in
11"The management gives a common direction (a) Organising (b) Planning
(a) Top level achieving the overall goals of the
to the individual effort in achieving the overall (c) Staffing (d) Directing
(b) Middle level organisation.
goal of the organisation." Ans (c) Staffing
(c) Supervisory level (c) Important aspects of management include
Which point of importance of management is 19"It acts as the binding force between achieving the iI:dividuals' goals only.
highlighted in this statement? (d) Both middle and supervisory level
departments and ensure that all action (d) At midd!e level management, the managers
CBSE TermI 2021 Ans (a) Top level are aimed at achieving the goals of the are respongible for inplementing and
organisation." The statement highlights the controlling the plans and strategies of an
following characteristic of coordination. organisation.
CBSE Term I 2021 Ans (c) It incudes achiev ing the group goals.
22 Allinone Business Studies Class 1
Nature and Significance of Management 23
Statement II Directing function of
24 management is concerned with leading. Direction Read the followingtext andanswer the
29 Assertion (A) In any organisation,
influencing and motivating employees to coordination is required so that production questions 32 to 35 on the basis of the same
perfornm the task assigned to them. and sales department can work hand in hand.
Sana is the branch manager of ABC Handicrafts
Alternatives Reason (R) Coordination integrates group Pvt. Ltd. The company's objective is to promote
efforts.
(a) Statement Iis correct and Statement Il is the sales of Indian handloom and handicraft
Alternatives
incorrect products. It sells fabrics, furnishings,
(b) Statement lI is correct and Statement Iis (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true readymades and househoid items are made out
incorrect and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
of traditional Indian fabrics.
(c) Both the statements are correct Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, Sana decides quantities, variety, colour and
(d) Both the statements are incorrect texture of all the above items and then allocates
but Reason (R) 0s not the correct explanation
Ans (b) Management of work is concerned with of Assertion (A) resources for their purchase from different
performance of various activities/ tasks (c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false suppliers. She appoints a team of designers and
in an organisation. (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true crafts peopie in the company, who developed
Analyse the picture in which the incharge of 27 StatementIIn order to survive, an Ans (b) Coordination ensures unity of action. It acts some prints for bed covers in bright colour on
all the departments are in chaos and unable organisation must earn enough revenues to as a binding force between departments. silk. Although the products looked very attractive
to work properly. Which function of cover cost. 30 Match the following positions with their and impressive, they were relatively expensive on
management is missing here? correct level. the front of affordability for an average customer.
Statement II Management increases
(a) Planning
effectiveness by reducing cost and increasing Column Sana suggested that they should keep the silk
(b} Controlling productivity. Positions) (Level of Management)
(c) Directing A. Chairman
bed covers for special festive occasions and offer
Alternatives (i) Middle level the cotton bed covers on aregular basis to keep
management
(d) Coordination (a) Statement l is correct and Statement II is costs under controi. CBSE QB
incorrect B. Research (ü) Lower level
Ans (d) Coordination management 32 She appoints a team of designers and crafts
Manager
25 (b) Statement II is correct and Statement I is people in the company. who eveloped some
incorrect C. Foreman (iüi) Top level nanagement
prints for bed covers in bright colour on silk."
(c) Both the statements are correct Codes
B A B Which function of management is highlighted
(d) Both the statements are incorrect in this context?
(a) (i) (ii) (iü) (b) (ü) (ii) (i)
Ans (a) Management increases efficiency by reducing (c) (ii) (i) (i) (d) (ii) (i) (1) (a) Controiling
costs and increasing productivity. (b) Staffing
Ans (c) (iüi) (i) (i)
28 Assertion (A) The activities of each (c) Planning
department need to be linked through 31 Match the following functions with their (d) Directing
coordination. correct options. Ans (b) Stafing
ColumnI Columan
Reason (R) Specialists usually think that they (Functions) (Statements) 33In the above case "company's objective is to
are only qualified to evaluate, judge and A. Planning () Monitors organisational promote the sales of indian handloom and
ldentify the characteristic of management decide according to their professional criteria. performance for achieving handicraft produets"
illustrated by the above picture in which the Alternatives organisational goals The above line focus on which irature of
heads of all departments have contributed (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true B. Directing (ii) To determnine in advanc, managemen:?
what is to be done
towards the company's growth. and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of (a) Management is an intangble force
(a) Management is multi-dimensional Assertion (A) C. Organising (iii) It involves leading, (b) Management is a goal oriented process
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, inluencing and
(b) Management all pervasive motivating emplovees
(c) Mat1agement i9 pervasive n nature
(c) Management is a group activity but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation D. Controlling (t) Manage ment is a vantunuous process
of Assertion (A) (iv) Grouping of the required
(d) Manugement is a dynamic function tusks into manageable Ans (b) Management is a goal onented process
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false departments
Ans
Management is a group activity (d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true Codes
34 With reference to the above case, at which
26 Stat :u\ent level of nhanagenent Sana is working?
Management of people is Ans (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, A B C D A B D
concerned with performance of various but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of (a) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (b) (ii) (iii) (iv) ()
ja) Lower levei (b)Top level
Ctivities/tasks in an organisation. (c) Middle level ()Shop loor
Assertion (A) (c) (ii) (iv) () () (d)(iv) (i) (ii) (üi)
Ans (b) (ii) (ii) (iv) (i) Ass (c) Midile level
 Allinone Business Studies Class 1% 25
24 Nature and Significance of Management

keep the 39 According to the above casc, Anita is efficient (i) No, Arnav is not correct in his decision.
35 "Sanasuggested that they shouldoccasions as she 2 ldentify the characteristics of management in Ang
silk bed covers for special festive the following cases (iü) Setting up of chemical plant in residential
(a) submitted the projcct on time
and offer the cotton bed covers on a regular (i) What managers do in India, The USA, area will cause pollution in the residential
control," did deep research for the project area, causing health hazards to the
basis to keep costs under Germany and Japan is the same?
Which function of management is highlighted (c) Both (a) and (b)
(ii) KFC, the fast food joint, has made several residents. He is also overlooking the social
in this context? (d) None of the above objective of providing amenities to the
alterations in its menu in order to survive in
(a) Controlling (b) Staffing Ans (b) did deep research for the project Indian markets. society.
(c) Organising (d) Planning (iii) Suhasini at Fabmart, performs several (iü) Suggestions for rectification of his mistake
Ans (a) Controlling Short Answer Type Questions different tasks in a single day on a regular
are

(a) The decision of setting up factory in

basis in series.
Direction Read the following text and answer 1 Explain any four features of management. residential area should be reverted.
questions 36 to 39 on the basis of the same Foreign 2016 Ans (i) It is all pervasive. (ii) It is dynamic. (b) The company should donate for
(iii) It is a continuous process.
The students of Class XIl commerce stream of Or State any four points that highlight the providing facilities to the society.
Tagore school were instructed to prepare a characteristics of management. Delhi 2013 o 3 "Management seeks to achieve certain 6 Mita has successful ice cream business at
objectives, which must be derived from basic
project on Business Studies and submit it on the Or Management is the process of working with purpose of the business." In the light of this
Bikaner, namely 'Smartflavours'. Her ice
first working day after Diwali holidays. The and through others to effectively achieve statement, explain organisational and social creams are utterly delicious.
performance of the three students in the class is organisational objectives by efficiently using objectives of management. All India 2010 She makes ice creams from fresh milk and
as follows limited resources in the changing the same are available in a wide range of
environment." In the light of the above Ans Refer to text on page 5 and 6.
(i) Rashmi did extensive research for her statement, explain any four features of
flavours and packs. She sets viable business
project but failed to submit it on the 4 Aircom started an earnest awareness objectives and works with the same in mind
management. Delhi 2010 c campaign 'Save Our Tigers'. The campaign's in order to ensure that the customers will
due date.
main agenda was to conserve tigers. This come back for purchasing.
(iü) Sonali submitted her project on the due Ans Main characteristics of management are
(i) Management is a Continuous Process campaign highlights one of the objectives of
date but her project was prepared without management. Discuss in brief. Having the first mover advantage, her
any research and efforts. Moreover, her Management is an ongoing process of business was doing well. To earn higher
project was not complete. continuous, composite, but separate Ans Social Objectives Aircom took a great step and profits, she started cutting costs. This would
showed that it is strong supporter of
functions (planning, organising, staffing, sometimes lead to delay in delivery and the
(iüi) Anita prepared an excellent project after directing and controlling). These functions Corporate Social Responsibility. 'Save Our ice cream was not reaching the market in
a deep research and also submitted the Tigers' campaign highlights the urgency of the
are simultaneously performed by all time. Over a period of time, the demand for
project on time. managers on a continuous basis. situation faced by our national animal. This her ice cream declined and because of it the
objective results in creation of benefits for the
36 Rashmi did extensive research for her project (ü) Management is a Group Activity An society in the following ways competitors entered the market. She lost
but failed to submit it on the due date." She is organisation is a collection of diverse some of her market share to conpetitors.
(a) effective (b) efficient (i) Creating employment opportunities for
individuals with different needs. Through At the beginning of summer season, she got
coordination and teamwork, management
disadvantaged sections of society.
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these (ii) Providing good quality products at back to back orders for supply of 4,000 ice
unites the efforts of individuals to achieve cream packs of different flavours for special
Ans (b) efficient reasonable prices.
organisational goals, alongwith the growth (ii) Honest and timely payment of taxes. occasions. To ensure that the task was
37 "Sonalisubmitted her project on time but her and development of individuals as needs completed and orders delivered in time, she
project was prepared without any research and opportunities change. (iv) Using eco-friendly techniques of production. hired additional workers. She was, thus able
and efforts. Moreover, her project was not (ii) Management is a Dynamic Function (v) Contribution towards environment to produce and deliver the ice cream packs
complete." She is Every organisation interacts with its protection. but at a high production cost. While
(a) effective (b) efficient external environment which includes social, 5 Arnav, who is a MBA, has been appointed at completing activities and finishing the given
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these economic and political factors. In order to the post of General Manager in HCPC Ltd. task for achieving goals, Mita realised that
Ans (a) effective survive or achieve success, an organisation Soon after his joining, he decided to set-up she was ignoring one of the important aspects
must change itself and its goals according a chemical plant in a residential area. of management.
38 "Anita prepared an excellent project after a to the needs of the environment.
Identify the aspect of management that has
deep research and also submitted the project Also, he withdrew all kinds of donation and
on time." She is (iv) Management is an Intangible Force charity going for running of hospitals and been ignored by Mita. Also explain the same
(a) effective Management is an unseen force whose schools for the children of employees. with the help of an example. Delhi 2019
(b) efficient presence can be felt when an organisation (i) Do you think Arnav is correct in his decision? Ans Mita has ignored the concept of Efectiveness vs
functions. Efficiency.' For explanation and example, refer
(c) Both and (b) (ii) If not, in what reference?
(d) None of the above Orderliness, discipline, happy and satisfied (iüi) How can he rectify his mistake? Suggest. to Q.No.3 of long answer type questions in
employees, all reflect the presence of NCERT Folder.
Ans (c) Both (a) and (b) effective management.