20EE713 PROJECT WORK -PHASE I

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

111720103306 NAGIRI SANJAY

111720103308 OM PRAKASH M
111720103318 VEDA NARAYANAN A

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

R.M.K. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)
R.S.M. Nagar, Kavaraipettai-601 206

ANNA UNIVERSITY:
CHENNAI 600 025

DECEMBER 2023

R.M.K. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)
R.S.M. Nagar, Kavaraipettai-601 206

i
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that the project report Library Management System is the

Bonafide work of Nagiri Sanjay (111720103306), Om Prakash M

(111720103308) and Veda Narayanan A (111720103318) who carried out the

project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. Geetha Ramadas, M.E., Ph.D., Dr.Alexander jeevanatham

Professor and Head of the department Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering Electronics Engineering
R.M.K. Engineering College R.M.K. Engineering College
RSM Nagar, Kavaraipettai, RSM Nagar, Kavaraipettai,
Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu-601206. Thiruvallur, Tamilnadu-601206.

Submitted for the Project Viva–Voce held on …………………. at R.M.K.

Engineering College, Kavaraipettai, Tiruvallur District– 601206.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our honest gratitude to our beloved

chairman Thiru. R.S. MUNIRATHINAM, benevolent Vice Chairman of our
college Thiru. R.M. KISHORE and Principal Dr. K.A. MOHAMED
JUNAID for providing us with excellent lab facilities and a research
environment which helped us to complete the project work on
time.

We extend our sincere thanks to the Head of the Department, of

Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Dr. GEETHA RAMADAS. Special
thanks to the internal guide, Dr.Alexander jeevanatham, Assistant Professor
for instilling immense confidence in us for completing our project
successfully.

A special debt is owed to, Ms. L ANNIE ISABELLA,

for her encouragement and valuable advice that made us carry out the project
successfully.

We also extend our thanks to All Staff Members of Electrical and

Electronics Engineering for their support and technical assistance.

On a personal note, we would like to express our heartfelt thanks to our

beloved parents for their blessings, and our friends, and for their help and
wishes for successfully doing this project. Thanks to the Almighty for giving
me the strength to take up do their project successfully.

iii
 Abstract

Creating a library book place finder and a system to track which books
have been borrowed by students designed to simplify the process of
locating books in a library and to identify who has a particular book
using Esp 32 and RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology.
Libraries often face challenges in efficiently organizing and helping
patrons find books within their extensive collections. The proposed
solution leverages RFID tags attached to each book, an Esp 32
microcontroller user-friendly book locating system.All the details will
display with the help of lcd display and the collected data stored in
cloud using iot.

Keyword: IoT, RFID Tags, Esp 32microcontroller.

iv
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
ABSTARCT iv
LIST OF FIGURES Vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii
1 INTRODUCTION 10
1.1 Benefits of Library Management System 2

1.2 Objective 3

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

30
3 EXISTING WORK
3.1 Existing System 1
3.1.1 Hardware Requirements 1
3.1.2 Software Requirements 1
1 3.2 Components Description 2
3.3 Advantage of Existing system 5
3.4 Dis-Advantage of Existing system 5
REFERNCE 1

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE
FIGURE NAME
NO. NO.
1.1 Overview Of Library Management System 2

3.1 Block Diagram Of Existing System 1

3.2 RFID Reader 2
3.3 ESP32 3
3.4 LCD Display 3
4.1 Flowchart of Proposing System 7

vi
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE
TABLE NAME
NO. NO.

vii
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PCC - POINT OF COMMON COUPLING

viii
ix
1
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Currently, traditional libraries, despite using information systems, are facing problems
managing books. In this era of technology, traditional libraries need to innovate and adapt
to the smart society. Technologies such as Internet-of-things (IoT) could be used to
capture data in real time. Making use of business process re-engineering, a number of
processes could be refined. Using a smart library management system that integrates IoT
and automating a traditional library's core processes will propel the library towards a
next-generation library. Users will be able to communicate smartly with IoT devices to
perform relevant tasks. The paper therefore describes a traditional library system on a
university campus and highlights challenges faced by such a system. Additionally, the
paper explains how processes in the traditional library could be converted into a smart
library using BPMN notation. The smart library aims to efficiently perform library
management and solve traditional library problems. The Smart Library (SL) is a library
without a single physical lending item on the shelves, without books in print, library
without shelves, just large cooled servers, whirring digital archives linked through digital
networks with machines for copying and distribution. The SL is that any person who has
a computer and connection to the library networks can access not only the resources of
that library but also a variety of information available through national and international
networks like internet and intranet without being physically present in the library. The
library is considered as place of accumulated information for the smart readers in any
area of interest. After invention of Internet, the library collections and services have
dynamical changes.

The motivation behind this innovative project lies in recognizing the inherent
challenges faced by traditional libraries in today's rapidly evolving technological
landscape. Despite the integration of information systems, these libraries struggle with the
manual management of physical book collections, inefficient processes, and limited
accessibility for users. In response to this, the Smart Library project aims to harness
cutting-edge technologies, particularly the Internet of Things (IoT), coupled with business
process re-engineering, to propel traditional libraries into a new era. The envisioned
Smart Library (SL) transforms the conventional concept, eliminating the need for
1
physical books and shelves. Instead, it relies on large servers, digital archives, and
interconnected networks to provide users with seamless access to a dynamic array of
resources. The project not only addresses current challenges such as resource
management and accessibility but also anticipates the future needs of a smart society. By
embracing this transformative approach, the Smart Library endeavors to enhance

efficiency, reduce costs, and democratize access to information on a global scale, ushering
in a new chapter in the evolution of library service

Fig 1.1 : overview of Library Management System

1.1 Benefits of Library Management System :

The Smart Library project promises a transformative shift in the landscape of information
management, offering a host of benefits for both the library and its users. Central to its
objectives is the aim to enhance the user experience by providing seamless access to a
dynamic collection of digital resources, irrespective of geographical constraints. This is
achieved through the adoption of cutting-edge technologies, particularly the Internet of
Things (IoT), and the implementation of business process re-engineering to streamline
library operations. The resultant operational efficiency not only optimizes the utilization
of resources but also ensures a more cost-effective and sustainable model, reducing the
reliance on physical infrastructure and traditional library processes. By enabling global
accessibility, the smart library democratizes information, empowering individuals
worldwide with knowledge at their fingertips. Moreover, the project positions the library
at the forefront of technological advancements, fostering adaptability to changing
information needs and expectations. Ultimately, the Smart Library project signifies a leap

2
forward into a digitally integrated, user-centric, and environmentally sustainable future
for information dissemination and management.

1.2 Objective :

The objective of the project is to track which books have been borrowed by students
designed to simplify the process of locating books in a library and to identify who has a
particular book using Esp 32 and RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) technology.

1. To Check the availability of the requested book in the library.

2. To Determine if the book is available or not.

3. If available, proceed with the checkout process.

4. To Update the availability status of the book after checkout.

5. To Record the transaction of the user checking out the book.

6. To Generate a due date for the return of the checked-out book.

3
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

The implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system for Auto

Identification and Data collection technology in Smart Library Management System is
presented in this paper [2]. It allows identification of large number of tagged objects like
books, using radio waves. In existing system barcode and token card system were used.
Barcodes have no read/write capabilities; they do not contain any added information
such as expiry date etc. and it need line of sight, less security and it also can easily
damaged. By using token card system, they are very labor intensive and work process
for the librarians was more. By considering the above demerits in the existing systems,
the proposed Smart RFID system , which is a wireless non-contact system that uses
radio frequency to transfer data from a tag attached to an object, for the purpose of
automatic identification and tracking[2]. RFID doesnt need the line of sight, it remove
manual book keeping of records, improved utilization of resources like manpower,
infrastructure etc. Also less time consumption as line of sight and manual interactions
are not needed for RFID Tag reading. RFID based Library Management system helps to
allow fast transaction flow for the library and will provide immediate and long term
benefits for library in terms traceability and security.

The concept of library in educational institutions is changing as the major constituents of

library like physical books, hard copies of journals and newspapers are vanishing and a
new format called e-format of these resources emerging through advents in computer
science, information science and e-storage technology. The physical copies of books,
journals and newspapers are thumbing and their electronic format do not need space for
storage and single copy of such resource can be shared by any number of users so as the
name of library has no longer validity. Hence libraries are now renamed as Resource
Centres with online facility to provide resource sharing services to its registered users.
Future libraries so called ‘Resource Centres’ do not need large reading rooms, large

4
book/journal old volume storage area or even independent library building. Individual
institutions also do not need independent libraries. There should be one Resource centre
for a country or even only one for the entire world through which everybody can connect
through ICT for uploading and downloading audio, text and video files so that equality in
terms of accessibility to any of these types of resources can be maintained irrespective of
gender, region, religion, economical background and the country origin of the users. The
paper discusses the possibility of such transformation of Library into ‘Universal Resource
Center’ and the consequences of such transformation to information sharing throughout
the World and further changes in the model of costless higher education and extended
opportunity for new knowledge creation. We also discuss how such transformed Libraries
as Universal Resource Centres may provide automated customized service for individuals
ubiquitously by incorporating smart library model.

The transition of traditional library collections to digital or virtual collections presented

the librarian with new opportunities. The Internet, Web environment and associated
sophisticated tools have given the librarian a new dynamic role to play and serve the new
information based society in better ways than hitherto. Because of the powerful features
of Web i.e. distributed, heterogeneous, collaborative, multimedia, multi-protocol,
hypermedia-oriented architecture, World Wide Web has revolutionized the way people
access information, and has opened up new possibilities in areas such as digital libraries,
virtual libraries, scientific information retrieval and dissemination. Not only the world is
becoming interconnected, but also the use of Internet and Web has changed the
fundamental roles, paradigms, and organizational culture of libraries and librarians as
well. The article describes the limitless scope of Internet and Web, the existence of the
librarian in the changing environment, parallelism between information science and
information technology, librarians and intelligent agents, working of intelligent agents,
strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities involved in the relationship between
librarians and the Web. The role of librarian in Internet and Web environment especially
as intermediary, facilitator, end-user trainer, Web site builder, researcher, interface
designer, knowledge manager and sifter of information resources is also described.

The maneuver of libraries occurs through three tier –modernization, automation and

5
digitization. A quick library is an message centre with meshwork of many libraries and
their office in a larger informational ecosystem around the orb. Smartness slavish that the
unraveling of modern library e-weapon and avail are deliberate on the assessment of
kingly expedient and users. Smart is more use-amicable than understanding. As every
fresh exemplar, smartness sustain wager. In now’s period, a library dress with ‘dashy
library’ technology is to be admitting plentifully artless to library readers with no
library stick. Technology fetters facilities for subdue and oversee of library buildings,
conclude demands three stuff i.e. Smart users, Smart Library stick and Smart Library
benefit. Users are excluding more from the libraries particularly from the scholarly
libraries not only for their mental consequence but also for their Time now instructive
question which will sure thing extend Time by Time. The encore explain concisely
low-level on suffer library, poignant office, dashy readers, stain benefit development
‘showy librarians, office visibility, benefit orientation of quick scholarly library,
support, characteristic, perception of Smart Library’s, device for bump, showy
arrangement, suffer library abode, showy contrivance, poignant library personnel, raw
library construction, quick librarians and their e-office in digital period. This newspaper
is nicely speculation supported notes which is portray by subcreator pinpointed
concerning suffer library.

The paper will give an overview of worldwide international and national initiatives for
“Greening Libraries” in order to draw attention and to raise awareness to both public as
well as scholarly libraries to take a clear stand and create a visible green image for the
library as an important part of their social responsibility. The paper will promote the
idea that the mission of libraries should include the taking on of a leading role in
teaching environmental responsibility to the public. Because a “green” image is a good
image libraries should use their way of “going green” to promote a powerful green
image towards their stakeholders, customers and sponsors.

The transition of traditional library collections to digital or virtual collections presented

the librarian with new opportunities. The Internet, Web environment and associated
sophisticated tools have given the librarian a new dynamic role to play and serve the
new information based society in better ways than hitherto. Because of the powerful
features of Web i.e. distributed, heterogeneous, collaborative, multimedia, multi-

6
protocol, hypermedia-oriented architecture, World Wide Web has revolutionized the
way people access information, and has opened up new possibilities in areas such as
digital libraries, virtual libraries, scientific information retrieval and dissemination. Not
only the world is becoming interconnected, but also the use of Internet and Web has
changed the fundamental roles, paradigms, and organizational culture of libraries and
librarians as well. The article describes the limitless scope of Internet and Web, the
existence of the librarian in the changing environment, parallelism between information
science and information technology, librarians and intelligent agents, working of
intelligent agents, strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities involved in the
relationship between librarians and the Web. The role of librarian in Internet and Web
environment especially as intermediary, facilitator, end-user trainer, Web site builder,
researcher, interface designer, knowledge manager and sifter of information resources
is also described.

The maneuver of libraries occurs through three tier –modernization, automation and
digitization. A quick library is an message centre with meshwork of many libraries and
their office in a larger informational ecosystem around the orb. Smartness slavish that
the unraveling of modern library e-weapon and avail are deliberate on the assessment of
kingly expedient and users. Smart is more use-amicable than understanding. As every
fresh exemplar, smartness sustain wager. In now’s period, a library dress with ‘dashy
library’ technology is to be admitting plentifully artless to library readers with no
library stick. Technology fetters facilities for subdue and oversee of library buildings,
conclude demands three stuff i.e. Smart users, Smart Library stick and Smart Library
benefit. Users are excluding more from the libraries particularly from the scholarly
libraries not only for their mental consequence but also for their Time now instructive
question which will sure thing extend Time by Time. The encore explain concisely
low-level on suffer library, poignant office, dashy readers, stain benefit development
‘showy librarians, office visibility, benefit orientation of quick scholarly library,
support, characteristic, perception of Smart Library’s, device for bump, showy
arrangement, suffer library abode, showy contrivance, poignant library personnel, raw
library construction, quick librarians and their e-office in digital period. This newspaper

7
is nicely speculation supported notes which is portray by sub creator pinpointed
concerning suffer library.

The integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology into library

management systems represents a transformative leap in the realm of information
organization and retrieval. Traditional library systems, reliant on manual methods and
barcode technology, have encountered limitations in terms of efficiency and accuracy.
RFID, with its non-contact, wireless communication, has emerged as a viable solution to
address these challenges. Numerous studies have underscored the benefits of RFID in
libraries, emphasizing enhanced book tracking, streamlined check-in/check-out
processes, and improved inventory management. The implementation of RFID
technology has not been without challenges, including concerns related to cost, security,
and privacy. However, successful case studies showcase its potential to revolutionize
library operations, offering a user-friendly experience and significantly reducing
administrative burdens. Research has also delved into user perceptions, acknowledging
the importance of understanding and addressing concerns to ensure widespread
acceptance. As libraries continue to evolve, the literature suggests that RFID technology,
with ongoing research and development, holds promise for shaping the future of
efficient and secure information management in library settings.

The physical copies of books, journals and newspapers are thumbing and their electronic
format do not need space for storage and single copy of such resource can be shared by
any number of users so as the name of library has no longer validity. Hence libraries are
now renamed as Resource Centres with online facility to provide resource sharing
services to its registered users. Future libraries so called ‘Resource Centres’ do not need
large reading rooms, large book/journal old volume storage area or even independent
library building. Individual institutions also do not need independent libraries. There
should be one Resource centre for a country or even only one for the entire world
through which everybody can connect through ICT for uploading and downloading
audio, text and video files so that equality in terms of accessibility to any of these types
of resources can be maintained irrespective of gender, region, religion, economical
background and the country origin of the users

8
 CHAPTER 3
EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system for a library book place finding and book tracking project using
Arduino Uno and RFID may not be readily available as a complete commercial product.
Libraries typically have separate systems for book tracking and book location, which
might not be integrated with micro controller-based solutions. However, individual
components like RFID readers, tags, and databases may exist independent

Fig 3.1 : Block Diagram of Existing System

3.1 Hardware Requirements:

3.1.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Esp32

 Rfid Reader

 Rfid tag

 lcd display

3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 Arduino ide and Embedded C

1
3.2 Components Description:

In the Existing system of this project there are using the following components are:

1. RFID READER:

An RFID reader is a device that is used to read and transmit information from RFID
tags or transponders. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, and it is a
wireless technology that uses radio waves to communicate between the reader and the
tag.

An RFID reader consists of an antenna, a transceiver, and a decoder. The antenna is used
to emit a radio signal, which is received by the tag. The tag responds by sending back its
identification information to the reader. The transceiver converts the radio signals into a
digital signal that is sent to the decoder, which decodes the information and sends it to
the computer or controller.

WORKING

The working of an RFID reader involves the transmission of radio frequency signals to detect an

read data from RFID tags. The process can be broken down into the following steps:

Antenna emits a radio frequency (RF) signal: The RFID reader's antenna emits an RF signal that is

used to communicate with the RFID tags within its range.

RFID tag detects the RF signal: When the RFID tag receives the RF signal from the reader's antenna,

it responds by sending back its unique identification number (UID).

Reader captures the UID: The reader's antenna captures the UID transmitted by the RFID tag, and

sends it to the reader's decoder circuitry.

Fig 3.2 : RFID READER

2
 2. RFID TAG:

In most of the RFID tag system, passive RFID tags are attached to all items that are to
be tracked. These passive RFID tags are made from a tiny tag-chip that is connected to
an antenna. The tag chip contains memory which stores the product’s electronic product
code (EPC) and other variable information so that it can be read and tracked by RFID
readers anywhere. An RFID reader is a network-connected device (fixed or mobile) with
an antenna that sends power as well as data and commands to the passive RFID tags.

3. ESP23

ESP32 is a low-powered, low-cost microcontroller (MCU) board, with both Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth built in, and is based on a dual-core processor mechanism. The first one is a
powerful processor, such as a Xtensa LX6 (~240 MHz) with 512 KiB memory and the
second an ultra-low coprocessor (ULP) with only 8 KiB memory designed to run when
ESP32 is in deep-sleep mode.

Other components include around 48 I/O pins (variable); an array of peripheral

interfaces including temperature, hall effect, and capacitive touch sensors; and an 8-

centimeter LCD panel, prominently visible here in an ESP32-WROVER board by

Expressive Systems.

Fig 3.3 : ESP23

4. LCD DISPLAY:

3
 A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic visual display that uses the
light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs does not emit light
directly. They are used in a wide range of applications, including computer
monitors television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, etc. LCDs have
displaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are usually
more compact, lightweight, portable, less expensive, and more reliable. Each
pixel of an LCD typically consists of a layer of molecules aligned between two
transparent electrodes and two polarizing filters, the axes of transmission of
which are (in most of the cases) perpendicular to each other. With no actual
liquid crystal between the polarizing filters, light passing through the first filter
would be blocked by the second (crossed) polarizer. In most of the cases the
liquid crystal has double refraction.The surfaces of the electrodes that are in
contact with the liquid crystal material are treated so as to align the liquid crystal
molecules in a particular direction. Electrodes are made of a transparent
conductor called Indium Tin Oxide(ITO).

Before applying an electric field, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules is
determined by the alignment at the surfaces of electrodes. In a twisted nematic
device the surface alignment directions at the two electrodes are perpendicular to
each other, and so the molecules arrange themselves in a helical structure, or
twist. This reduces the rotation of the polarization of the incident light, and the
device appears grey. If the applied voltage is large enough, the liquid crystal
molecules in the center of the layer are almost completely untwisted and the
polarization of the incident light is not rotated as it passes through the liquid
crystal layer. This light will then be mainly polarized perpendicular to the second
filter, and thus be blocked and the pixel will appear black. By controlling the
voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed
to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray.

FEATURES

 5 x 8 dots with cursor.

 Built-in controller (KS 0066 or Equivalent)

4
  + 5V power supply (Also available for + 3V)

 1/16 duty cycle

 L to be driven by pin 1, pin 2 or pin 15, pin 16 or A.K (LED)

Fig 3.4 : LCD DISPLAY

3.3 Advantages Of Existing System

 Simplicity and Ease of Use

 Cost-Effective

 Quick Book Identification

3.4 DisAdvantages Of Existing System:-

 Limited Functionality

 Limited Security Features

 Absence of Expiry Information

5
 CHAPTER 4

PROPOSED SYSTEM

4.1 Introduction

The proposed RFID-based Library Management System (LMS) represents a pioneering

solution to the challenges faced by traditional library systems in coping with the
demands of contemporary libraries. In response to the increasing need for efficiency and
accuracy, the integration of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology promises
to revolutionize key library processes. By affixing RFID tags to each book, the system
aims to optimize check-in and check-out procedures, streamline inventory management
through real-time tracking, enhance security with automated alarm triggers, and
ultimately elevate the overall user experience. The system comprises RFID tags, readers,
a centralized database, and a user-friendly interface, all working in tandem to facilitate
seamless library operations. Through this proposal, we seek to improve time efficiency,
accuracy, resource allocation, and security, ushering in a new era of innovation for
library management. The implementation plan involves a phased approach, beginning
with a pilot test in a designated area and expanding to a full-scale deployment based on
the success of the initial phase. With thorough staff training, we anticipate a smooth
transition to a more advanced and user-centric library management system.

4.2 Flowchart of Proposed System:

The flowchart begins with a user requesting a book, initiating a process to check the
book's availability. A decision point follows, determining whether the book is available
or not. If available, the system proceeds to the checkout process; otherwise, the user is
notified of unavailability. For checked-out books, the system updates availability status,
records transactions, generates due dates, and provides the book to the user.
Notifications confirm successful checkouts. Returns involve updating availability,
recording return transactions, and notifying users of successful returns. Renewals

6
undergo eligibility checks, with successful renewals extending due dates and notifying
users. The system accommodates book searches, displaying results, and enables

librarians to add or remove books, updating the database accordingly. Report generation
and display are supported. The flowchart concludes with an exit point, encompassing the
essential processes in a library management system, from user requests to administrative
functions and reporting. Customization is possible based on specific system features and
requirements.

Fig 4.1 : Flowchart of Proposed System

4.3 Block diagram of Proposed System

7
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