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Biostatistics Presentation Normal Distribution

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27 views15 pages

Biostatistics Presentation Normal Distribution

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996gv9tjcz
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Normal distribution

Dr. Hussain Albadawi


Sec 006 2022 First quarter

Done by :
Abdullah Alhamam 223017910
Mohammed AL Ibrahim 223018248
Mohammed Alkhalifah 223013927
Saud Alsubaie 223013258

.
Learning objectives :
1. Normal distribution
2. Standard normal distribution
3. Finding The Probability Using Standard Normal Distribution
4. Importance of normal distribution
Introduction
The Normal Distribution is a type of distributions
with specific characteristics also it is the most
common and natural measurements with this type
of distributions
Normal Distribution
It is the most popular probability distribution for two reasons. The first reason is that
many phenomena follow a normal distribution curve. Another reason is that there is a
theory that says that the mean of the values ​of multiple samples takes the form of a
normal distribution even if the distribution of the variable itself does not follow a normal
distribution. So the normal distribution is central to statistics.
The normal distribution curve resembles a bell and is characterized by the presence of
symmetry between its left and right sides around the mean.
A characteristic of a normal distribution curve is that the mean is equal to the median
and equal to the mode. The normal distribution curve is defined by two values: the
mean and the standard deviation. The mean is usually denoted by µ and the standard
deviation by σ. The following figure shows the shape of the normal distribution curve. In
this example, the mean is µ = 8. Note that the symmetry of the curve means that 50% of
the values ​are less than the mean and 50% of the values ​are greater than the mean,
which means that the median is equal to the mean.
The normal distribution curve has major features, including
that 68% of the probabilities lie within the mean ± 1 standard
deviation, 95% of the probabilities lie within the mean ±2,
and 99.7% of the probabilities lie within the mean ±3
The standard normal distribution

• The standard normal distribution is one of the forms of the normal


distribution. It occurs when a normal random variable has a mean
equal to zero and a standard deviation equal to one. In other words, a
normal distribution with a mean 0 and standard deviation of 1 is called
the standard normal distribution. Also, the standard normal
distribution is centred at zero, and the standard deviation gives the
degree to which a given measurement deviates from the mean.
Standard Normal Distribution Table

• The standard normal distribution table gives the probability of a regularly


distributed random variable Z, whose mean is equivalent to 0 and the
difference equal to 1, is not exactly or equal to z. The normal distribution is
a persistent probability distribution. It is also called Gaussian distribution. It
is pertinent for positive estimations of z only.
• A standard normal distribution table is utilized to determine the region
under the bend (f(z)) to discover the probability of a specified range of
distribution. The normal distribution density function f(z) is called the Bell
Curve since its shape looks like a bell.
• A standard normal distribution table presents a cumulative probability
linked with a particular z-score. The rows of the table represent the whole
number and tenth place of the z-score. The columns of the table represent
the hundredth place. The cumulative probability (from –∞ to the z-score)
arrives in the cell of the table.
Standard Normal Distribution Function

• The standard normal distribution is a tool to translate a normal


distribution into numbers. We may use it to get more information
about the data set than was initially known.
• Standard normal distribution allows us to quickly estimate the
probability of specific values befalling in our distribution or
compare data sets with varying means and standard deviations.
• Also, the z-score of the standard normal distribution is interpreted
as the number of standard deviations a data point falls above or
below the mean.
What is Z-score?
The normal random variable of a standard normal distribution is called
a standard score or a z-score. Every normal random variable X can be
transformed into a z score by the following equation:

The random variable is (x)


The mean is (µ)
The standard deviation is (σ)

▪ Z-score formula used as a conversion formula


Table A-2
1. Table A-2 is designed for normal standard distribution with (mean = 0) and (S = 1)
2. Table A-2 has two pages one for positive z-scores and one for negative z-scores
3. The horizontal scale in the graph represents z-scores which can be found in the lift most
column in the table
4. The values in the body of the table are cumulative areas from the left to the vertical
boundary above each z-score.

5. Table A-2 used to find probabilities and z-scores


How to find the probability ?
Examples :
❖ P( Z > 1.25 ) = 1- P(1.25)

= 1- 0.8944 = 0.1056

❖ P( Z < 1.68 )

= 0.9535

❖ P( -1.2 < Z < 1.17 )

= 0.8790 - 0.1151 = 0.7639


Importance of normal distribution
1) It has one of the important properties called central theorem.
Central theorem means relationship between shape of population
distribution and shape of sampling distribution of mean. This means
that sampling distribution of mean approaches normal as sample size
increase.

2) In case the sample size is large the normal distribution serves as


good approximation.

3) Due to its mathematical properties it is more popular and


easy to calculate.
4) It is used in statistical quality control in setting up of control limits.

5) The whole theory of sample tests t, f and chi-square test is based on


the normal distribution.

These are the importance or benefits of normal distribution.


Conclusion
• We can say that a distribution is normal only if has all of
the characteristics that have been mentioned.
• Standard normal distribution is a type of normal
distribution with a mean equal to 0 and standard division
equal to 1
• Table A-2 helps us finding the probabilities
• Normal distribution is important for several reasons that
have been mentioned
Sources :
• https://byjus.com/
• https://stattrek.com/
• https://www.investopedia.com/
• Biostatistics for the Biological and Health Studies book

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