Midwest Fruit Pest

Management Guide 2023-2024

Arkansas
University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service
AG1304

Illinois
University of Illinois Extension
ICSG-18

Indiana
Purdue Extension
ID-465

Iowa
Iowa State University Extension and Outreach
HORT 3035

Kansas
Kansas State Research and Extension
MF3278

Kentucky
University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service
ID-232

Ohio
Ohio State University Extension
Bulletin 506

Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin-Extension
A4104
About This Guide
The Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide 2023-2024 was developed by the Midwest Fruit Workers Group.
Members of the Midwest Fruit Workers Group are in the process of changing the format of this publication. We hope
the new versions (for apples, peach, grapes, blueberry, brambles, strawberry) make it easier for producers to find the
accurate information they need for managing pests in fruit crops. We believe this new format provides readers with
information that is concise and easy to understand. We are working to transition the rest of the guide to this format.
We welcome your comments, criticisms and suggestions. The print copy guide of the guide will be revised every
other year. Updated version of the guide can be found at: https://ag.purdue.edu/department/hla/extension/_
docs/id-465.pdf
Printed copies of this publication are available from the Purdue Extension Education Store, www.edustore.purdue.edu.
A free PDF download also is available from the Education Store or from your state’s cooperative extension service.
Table layout and database development was supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Crop
Protection and Pest Management Program through the North Central IPM Center (2018-70006-28883), and pro-
ceeds from the sale of the spray guide. This was a monumental undertaking that we hope will improve the updating
and accuracy of this guide. Fungicide efficacy tables for all crops were compiled by Megan Heller-Haas and Janna
Beckerman; Ric Bessin managed the insecticide efficacy data. This work was supported by the United States De-
partment of Agriculture, National Institutes of Food and Agriculture (USDA-NIFA) grant number 2017-70006-27140/
IND11460G4-1013877.
The Midwest Fruit Workers Group also publishes companions to this guide, including the Midwest Small Fruit Pest
Management Handbook and Midwest Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook. Contact your state Cooperative Exten-
sion office for information about these publications.

Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook

The Midwest Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook is a companion publication to this guide. It contains additional
information about control strategies for small fruit diseases, insect pests, and weeds. Pesticide safety, sprayer cal-
ibration, plant nutrition, and weed identification are also covered. Copies of the publication (Ohio State University
Extension Bulletin 861) may be available from your state Extension office or from Ohio State University Extension
Publications, 385 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1044, 614-292-1607. You can also order it from
Ohioline, ohioline.osu.edu.

Midwest Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook

The Midwest Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook also is a companion publication to this guide. It contains addi-
tional information about pesticide safety, sprayer calibration, tree fruit diseases, insect pests, and weeds, pesticide
characteristics, growth regulators, spray adjuvants, and other related topics. Copies are available from your state
Extension service. It can be found at http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/id/id93/id93.htm.

Legal Responsibilities for Pesticide Use

The pesticides suggested in this publication have been registered by the Pesticides Regulation Division of the En-
vironmental Protection Agency. At the time of printing, these pesticides were registered for use as indicated on the
individual product labels. These registrations can change at any time.
Your responsibility as a pesticide user is to read and follow all current label directions for the specific pesticide being
used. Strictly observe the legal limitations on the use of these pesticides to prevent excessive residues in or on har-
vested fruit. All growers should read product labels, follow directions carefully, and observe pre-harvest intervals and
application rates. Pesticide labels are available on the following site: https://www.cdms.net/LabelsSDS/home; and
through many suppliers’ websites.
Not all products listed in this guide are registered in every state. To be sure a product is registered in your state,
check the National Pesticide Information Retrieval Service: npirspublic.ceris.purdue.edu
Some of the pesticides suggested in this publication are on the EPA Restricted Use List, and users must be certi-
fied private applicators to purchase and apply these materials. Record-keeping requirements are more stringent for
restricted use pesticides.
Remember: The pesticide label is a legal document.
Midwest Fruit Pest Management Contents
Guide 2023-2024 Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Apple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Citation Pear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Beckerman, J., Bessin, R., Welty, C., Athey, K., Wahle, Cherry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
E., Lewis, D., Long, E., Joshi, N., Guedot, C., Meyer, S., Peach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Strang, J., Gaulthier, N. 2022. Midwest Fruit Pest
Management Guide 2023-2024. Available online at: Plum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
https://ag.purdue.edu/department/hla/extension/ Grape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
_docs/id-465.pdf Blueberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Raspberry and Blackberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Additional Contributors Strawberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
University of Arkansas Vole Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Entomology: Neelendra Joshi* Growth Regulator PHIs and REIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
University of Illinois Chemical Weed Control in Fruit Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Entomology: Kacie Athey*
Generic Pesticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Horticulture: Elizabeth Wahle*
Suggested Recordkeeping Form for Restricted Use Pesticide . . 285
Iowa State University
Entomology: Donald Lewis Fruit Grower Newsletters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Horticulture: Suzanne Slack Pesticide Drift Communication Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Plant Pathology: Lina Rodriguez-Salamanca Using a Plant Diagnostic Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Kansas State University Pesticide Applicator Safety Education Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Entomology: Raymond Cloyd Pesticide Emergency and Poison Control Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
University of Kentucky Conversion Factors for Weights and Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Entomology: Ric Bessin*
Horticulture: Shawn Wright, Chris Smigell
Plant Pathology: Nicole W. Gauthier* environmental concerns, identification of common
pests encountered, pesticides and their use, proper
Ohio State University equipment use, application techniques, and applicable
Entomology: Celeste Welty*, Ashley Leach state and federal regulations. Training programs are
Purdue University offered to help you in certification. Contact your county
Entomology: Elizabeth Long* Extension office for information.
Horticulture: Stephen Meyer*, Tristand Tucker The pest management recommendations in this guide
Plant Pathology: Janna Beckerman*, Megan Haas have been formulated to provide you with up-to-date
University of Wisconsin information about pesticides and their applicability to
Entomology: Christelle Guedot* your problem. We suggest that you use this information
Plant Pathology: Leslie Holland to set up your own spray program. You should keep
*Section Editor accurate records of materials used, application dates,
areas treated, growth stages, and weather conditions.
A sample record sheet is on page 285. In case of
Foreword questions, nothing beats a good set of records. The
Commercial fruit production has become a highly EPA requires records for restricted use pesticide appli-
skilled, technical profession. Concerns about pesticide cations. Some states may require records for general
residues, operator risks, and the environment dictate use pesticides (e.g., Kentucky has this requirement).
that all fruit growers exercise extreme caution in the
use of all pesticides, and indeed, all chemicals. The Handling Pesticides
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has desig-
1. Know the pesticide toxicity and act accordingly.
nated a number of fruit pesticides as “restricted use.”
Growers who plan to use these restricted materials 2. When mixing pesticides do not breathe the dust,
must be certified as private applicators. powder, or vapor. Always mix outdoors.
Certification requires that applicators understand the 3. Do not use tobacco, eat, or drink when handling or
following: labels and labeling, safety factors, potential applying pesticides.

3
4. Stay out of drift from spray or dust. without the required protective clothing. Re-en-
5. Rinse liquid containers with water at least three try times and the required protective clothing are
times and pour rinsate into spray tank as it is being listed on product labels and in tables in this guide.
filled. Punch holes in metal and plastic containers 9. Inform all workers of re-entry restrictions and in-
and crush. Dispose of these and all other pesti- formation on safe pesticide use and/or training to
cide containers where no contamination of crops meet OSHA requirements.
or water supply can occur. Do not reuse pesticide 10. Comply with the Right-To-Know law. Have com-
containers. plete product labels readily available for workers to
6. Use an adequate respirator and protective cloth- see. Have the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
ing, especially when mixing pesticides. Necessary for each product you use available for workers to
protective equipment is listed on pesticide labels. see and for rescue or fire personnel to use in case
7. Have a “buddy” around when using acutely toxic of emergency.
organophosphates, just in case. 11. Provide pesticide safety training for pesticide
8. For maximum safety, get an appropriate blood handlers and other workers to comply with Worker
test before the season starts and test periodically Protection Standards (WPS).
during the season. 12. Regularly inspect and maintain personal protective
9. Consult a doctor immediately if you develop equipment used when applying pesticides.
unusual symptoms during or after spraying. Symp-
toms such as blurred vision, nausea, headaches, Pesticide Use and the Law
chest pains, weakness, diarrhea, or cramps indi-
Pesticides are developed by manufacturers, registered
cate possible pesticide poisoning.
with EPA, and sold to the public with the assumption
10. Wash hands thoroughly before eating, drinking, that users read, understand, and follow instructions
chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. on product labels. Pesticide labels include specific
11. Bathe and change clothes daily, and wash contam- information about use, personal protective equipment,
inated clothing separate from other laundry. environmental precautions, and storage and disposal.
The label’s purpose is to provide clear directions to
12. Always store a pesticide in its original container,
allow maximum product benefit while minimizing risks
never in an unmarked container. Never trust your
to human health and the environment.
memory.
Every pesticide label includes the following statement:
13. Always store pesticides under lock and key, and
“It is a violation of federal law to use this product in a
keep them away from children.
manner inconsistent with its labeling.” This language
14. Always use an anti-siphon device when filling the obliges purchasers or users of any pesticide to assume
spray tank from a domestic water source. all legal responsibilities for the product’s use. Further,
15. The label is the law. Read and follow all label in- courts and regulators recognize that pesticide labels
structions carefully. are binding contracts that require those using the
products to do so exactly as directed. Terms such as
Management Tips for Safety “must,” “shall,” “do not,” and “shall not” mean users
are responsible for specific actions when applying or
1. Maintain accurate spray records. Show application handling a given product; any departure from such
rates, pesticides used, total gallonage, area treat- directions is, in the eyes of the law, an illegal use of the
ed, stage of plant development, and weather data. pesticide.
2. Be prepared to show your records to the EPA or “Use” means more than just applying the pesticide.
state regulatory officials if necessary. Federal and state regulations define pesticide use to
3. Do not contaminate forage crops or pastures. include handling, mixing, loading, storing, transporting,
4. Do not allow animals to graze fruit plantings. and disposing, as well as human and environmental
exposure. This all-encompassing definition covers ev-
5. Prevent excess drift.
ery activity that involves a pesticide — from purchase
6. Maintain equipment in top condition. to container disposal.
7. Protect children, pets, livestock, and the environ- The pesticide label is more than just a piece of paper.
ment from pesticide contamination. It serves a dual function: the label instructs users how
8. Follow all label instructions on re-entry times for to use the product safely and effectively, and it serves
pesticides. Regulations mandate re-entry times as a legal measuring stick. Many statements on the
for all pesticides. Sprayed areas must be posted label result from rigorous scientific investigations and
so workers will not enter before the re-entry time governmental regulatory decisions. Pesticide users

4
should read, understand, and follow pesticide label • Many pesticide labels don’t specify whether the
directions to ensure effective pest control, personal product can be used in a greenhouse or not. When
safety, environmental protection, and legal compliance. labels don’t expressly prohibit greenhouse use,
Pesticide labels include two important statements: most state regulatory agencies interpret that to
mean the product can be used in a greenhouse
Re-entry or restricted entry interval (REI) state- as long as the treated crop is on the label and the
ments contain re-entry precautions and state a time product is used according to label directions.
interval during which entry into a pesticide-treated site
is not allowed. The statement indicates the length of
time that must elapse after the pesticide application Determining Spray Volume and Rate
before individuals may enter the treated area without Producers spray fruit plantings with insecticides,
personal protective clothing and equipment. fungicides, growth regulators, and nutrient solutions
Pre-harvest interval (PHI) statements indicate the in many different formulations and concentrations and
time interval that must elapse after the pesticide appli- at various stages of plant development. The principal
cation before the crop may be harvested. Harvesting targets in spraying may be the foliage, flowers, fruit,
prior to the PHI may result in dangerous and illegal woody surfaces, or all these components. The equip-
pesticide residues on the crop. ment and methods you use for such a diverse spraying
program must be versatile, and the equipment must
be properly calibrated for each type of application to
Pesticide Use in Greenhouses and High produce the desired results.
Tunnels
Fruit and vegetable production in greenhouses and Dilute Spraying
high tunnels have increased dramatically in the Mid- The objective of spraying is to distribute the spray
west in the past few years. Although greenhouse or material uniformly over the plants or plant parts of par-
high tunnel environments may change the compo- ticular concern. Pesticide recommendations are based
sition of the pest complex growers may face, using on the amount of dilute spray needed to wet plants
pesticides is often necessary to maintain the adequate thoroughly, to the point of “runoff.” In typical blueberry,
levels of control needed to produce a profitable and raspberry, or grape plantings with plants 5 to 7 feet tall
marketable crop. and 3 to 5 feet wide and set in rows 9 to 10 feet apart,
Pesticide regulatory agencies in the Midwest vary and in most strawberry plantings, 100 gallons of water
in their interpretation of whether a high tunnel is a per acre has been established as a standard dilute
type of greenhouse. For example, Indiana considers a spray volume for fungicide and insecticide application.
high tunnel to be a form of greenhouse. That means This dilute rate is considered a 1x concentration.
the pesticides one selects for high tunnel use must In a standard apple or pear orchard, with trees approx-
be appropriate for greenhouse use. Other states (not imately 20 feet tall, 22 feet wide, and set on rows 35
covered by this guide) consider high tunnels to be the feet apart, 400 gallons of water per acre is a standard
same as fields when it comes to pesticide use. Still dilute spray for fungicide and insecticide application.
other states, like Missouri, take an intermediate ap- Recommendations may be made per 100 gallons or
proach: they call a high tunnel a greenhouse when the per acre. Dilute is considered 1x concentration. For
sides are closed, but call it a field when the sides are cherry, peach, and plum, 300 gallons of water per acre
open. is the standard dilute spray volume for full-size trees.
It is important that you determine how your state The Amount of Dilute Spray per Acre Required for
views high tunnels. Pesticide labels address green- Equivalent Coverage of Plants table lists the gallons
house applications in one of three ways: of dilute spray per acre required to provide equivalent
• Pesticide labels can clearly state that the products coverage for mature trees of different sizes and
may be used in greenhouses. These products may spacings.
be used according to label directions. Pesticide la- Growth regulators may be applied by high-volume
bels that have different instructions for greenhouse hand-gun or air-blast sprayers, in either dilute or
use and in-field use also fall into this category. low-volume applications. Low-volume application may
These products also may be used in high tunnels be riskier because any mistakes in concentration are
according to label instructions. magnified. Read the growth regulator label for sugges-
• Pesticide labels may clearly prohibit greenhouse tions about application methods. Some labels suggest
use. Obviously, these products cannot be used in a dilute sprays with full coverage, and others suggest a
greenhouse under any circumstances. specific amount of chemical in a specific amount of
water per acre.

5
Amount of Dilute Spray per Acre Required for Equivalent Coverage of Plants
Distance Between Rows Plant Height (feet) Plant Width (feet) Maximum Plant Volume/ Minimum Dilute Spray
(feet) Acre (1000 cu ft1) (gallons/acre2)
30 20 15 436 300
26 16 12 354 225
24 14 10 254 180
22 14 10 272 200
20 12 10 261 185
18 10 10 242 175
16 8 8 174 125
14 6 6 149 105
12 6 6 131 90
10 6 4 105 74
10 4 4 70 49
Maximum plant volume/acre = plant width x plant height x running feet or row per acre. Running feet of row per acre = 43,560 divided by the distance between rows.
1

Minimum dilute gallons per acre = approximately 0.7 gallon /1,000 cubic feet of plant volume.
2

Low-volume Spraying
3. Prune plants well to create an open canopy for
Low-volume, or concentrate, spraying is the practice
spray penetration. Spray droplets will not penetrate
of using less water per acre to apply pesticides. In
dense foliage.
low-volume spraying, the volume of water applied per
acre is reduced in proportion to the increased 4. Choose pesticide formulations that will mix satis-
concentration of pesticide used by 2x, 3x, 4x, or more. factorily. Pay careful attention to increased opera-
Thus, a 3x rate uses a 3x concentration of pesticide in tor hazards and drift problems.
only one-third the water per acre that would be used
in dilute spraying. Gallons of Spray per Acre (approximate) for Various
You must apply low-volume sprays with air-assisted Concentrates
sprayers that use a high-velocity airstream to distrib-
1x 2x 3x 4x 5x 6x
ute the spray mixture. Most conventional air-assisted
sprayers can be used to apply spray mixtures up to Apples 400 200 132 100 80 64
6x concentration. Sprayers specifically designed for Peaches 300 150 100 75 60 50
ultra-low-volume application should be used for appli- Percent 50% 67% 75% 80% 84%
cations up to 10x. water
Using low-volume sprays requires less labor, less savings over
water, less time, and fewer refills than 1x or dilute dilute
mixtures. However, low volume sprays have disadvan- Greatest Dimin-
tages. Savings in gallonage and application costs de- savings ished
crease most rapidly down to about 50 gallons of water savings
per acre (on tree fruit). Below that, the savings may not
be worth the additional risk of improper application
and problems with wind.
Here are some precautions to follow when making
low-volume pesticide applications:
1. Use extreme care in calibrating the sprayer and
maintaining a constant sprayer speed. As you
decrease gallonage, errors become much more
critical.
2. Choose calm but good drying conditions for spray-
ing. This may mean spraying at night or early in the
morning. Good coverage cannot be achieved in
windy conditions (more than 5 mph).

6
Tree Row Volume Spraying Example 1
Tree row volume (TRV) is a method originally used A vineyard has rows spaced 10 feet apart, the canopy
with orchard crops to determine the dilute (1x) volume height is 6 feet, and the cross row spread is 4 feet at
of spray solution necessary to cover the entire plant full canopy. The density factor is 0.90.
surface for any given fruit planting. TRV is an objective Step 1 43,560 sq ft ÷ 10 ft = 4,356 ft of row/acre
method for determining the spray volume required for Step 2 4,356 x 6 ft x 4 ft = 104,544 cu ft TRV/acre
plants of different sizes, and for changes in canopy
size as plants develop during the season. Step 3 Density has been chosen as 0.90.
With the TRV method, you can easily calculate the Step 4 [104,544 x .90] ÷ 1,000 = 94 TRV gal/acre
volume of dilute spray needed per acre for each
planting based on plant size and canopy density. To Example 2
determine the TRV, you must accurately measure the An apple orchard on dwarfing rootstock has rows
between-row spacing, maximum plant height, and spaced 15 feet apart, the canopy height is 12 feet, and
cross-row plant spread. See the step-by-step proce- the cross row spread is 8 feet at full canopy. The densi-
dure below. ty factor is 0.90.
Step 1 43,560 sq ft ÷ 15 ft = 2,904 ft of row/acre
Calculate Tree Row Volume Gallonage Step 2 2,904 x 12 ft x 8 ft = 278,784 cu ft TRV/acre
Step 1. Calculate feet of row/acre. Step 3 Density has been chosen as 0.90.
43,560 sq ft/acre = feet of row/acre Step 4 [278,784 x .90] ÷ 1,000 = 251 TRV gal/acre
For additional information about calculating TRV
between-row spacing (ft)
gal/acre refer to Orchard Spray Rates: How to Deter-
mine the Amount of Pesticide and Water to Use in Your
Step 2. Calculate cu ft of TRV/acre.
Orchard (C. Welty, Ohio State Extension Bulletin 892,
Feet of row/acre (from Step 1) x plant height (ft) x
https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/90762).
cross-row plant spread (ft) = cu ft of TRV/acre.
Step 3. Select density factor. Spraying Small Volumes
Select one of the following numbers that best indi-
cates the canopy density of each separate planting. In some cases you may wish to apply small volumes
of pesticides with backpack or hand-held sprayers
0.70 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants extremely open, light or wipers. The following table helps convert from the
visible through entire canopy. rate per 100 gallons to the rate per gallon. Take care to
0.80 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants well pruned, with measure pesticide amounts accurately, because errors
moderate vigor, adequate light penetration into are magnified at small volumes. (See Approximate
canopy, many holes in foliage where light can be Dilutions for Small Volumes of Spray Mixes table on
seen through plant. page 8).
0.90 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants pruned minimally, or
with high vigor, poor light penetration into canopy, Calibrating Single Nozzle and Boom
very few holes where light can be seen through
plant. Sprayers
1.00 gal/1,000 cu ft: Plants unpruned, extremely Calibration is an essential step for using any appli-
dense, no light visible anywhere through canopy cation equipment. Early spring, right after you have
reassembled the sprayer and are preparing it for early
Step 4. Calculate TRV gallonage/acre. season operations, is a good time to calibrate. Be sure
cu ft of TRV/acre (from Step 2) x density (from Step 3 all fittings are tight and there are no leaks. Take the
nozzles apart, clean them, and check for worn nozzle
1,000 tips.
= gallons of dilute solution to be applied per acre Using wettable powder sprays enlarges nozzle open-
= TRV gal/acre ings, so calibrating each nozzle is essential. Start the
season with a calibrated sprayer, and depending on
the number of gallons you spray, calibrate the sprayer
again according to intervals specified in the owner’s
manual (or no later than halfway through the spray
season). Follow the procedure below to calibrate a
single nozzle boom sprayer.

7
Approximate Dilutions for Small Volumes of Spray Mixes
Equivalent rates for different quantities of water
Formulation 100 gallons 5 gallons 3 gallons 1 gallon
Wettable Powder, Dry Flowable, etc. 5 lb 15 tbsp 9 t tbsp 3 tbsp
4 lb 13 tbsp 8 tbsp 8 tsp
3 lb 10 tbsp 6 tbsp 2 tbsp
2 lb 8 tbsp 4 tbsp 4 tsp
1 lb 3 tbsp 6 tsp 2 tsp
1/2 lb (8 oz) 5 tsp 1 tbsp 1 tsp
Emulsifiable Concentrate, Liquid 5 gal 1 quart 1 1/4 pt 13 tbsp
4 gal 1 1/2 pt 1 pt 10 tbsp
3 gal 1 1/4 pt 3/4 pt 8 tbsp
2 gal 3/4 pt 1/2 pt 5 tbsp
1 gal 1/2 pt 8 tbsp 3 tbsp
1 qt 3 tbsp 2 tbsp 2 tsp
1 pt 5 tsp 1 tbsp 1 tsp
These approximations are based on average weights of various pesticide products as described in Dry Pesticide Rates for Hand-held Sprayers (University of Kentucky Extension
publication HO-83, https://www.uky.edu/Ag/Horticulture/masabni/Publications/HO-83.pdf).

Step 1. Check your tractor/sprayer speed. Step 2. Record the sprayer inputs.
Attach the sprayer to your tractor and make test runs Your Figures Example
to determine the tractor speeds (mph) in different
gears. Run the tractor at PTO speed as you will when Nozzle type on your sprayer
operating the sprayer. Travel a test course and record (all nozzles should be
time needed to travel a measured distance. Run the identical) 110˚ 04 flat fan
test on the same type surface in the planting (for ex- Recommended application
ample, sod, not pavement or gravel) volume
Formula (from manufacturer’s label) 20 GPA
Measured sprayer speed 3 MPH
MPH = feet traveled X 60
Nozzle spacing/band width
seconds 88 (in inches) 20 inches

Your tractor sprayer speed Step 3. Calculate the required nozzle output.
Formula
MPH = feet traveled X 60 =
GPM (per nozzle) = GPA x MPH x W
seconds 88
5,940 (constant)
Note: The recommended tractor speed for most appli- Where
cations with single nozzle boom sprayers is 2-3 mph. GPM = required output per nozzle in gallons per minute.
Traveling faster may lead to poor coverage. A conve- GPA = desired total carrier volume in gallons per acre.
nient method is to set up a calibration course in multi-
MPH = desired ground speed in miles per hour.
ples of 88 feet (88 feet per minute=1 mile per hour). Set
markers at 176 feet or 264 feet to correspond to 2 mph W = inches between nozzles (or band width if making
and 3 mph when the tractor speed is adjusted (gear band applications).
and rpm) to cover the distance in 60 seconds (1 minute).

8
Example Determining Sprayer Speed
GPM = 20 GPA x 3 MPH x 20 in

= 1,200 =

0.20 GPM You can determine the speed you need to travel to
5940 5,940 properly distribute the spray within the canopy by
Your figures placing water-sensitive spray paper at various loca-
tions within the canopy. For proper pesticide appli-
GPM = = = GPM cation, the air within the canopy must be completely
5,940 5,940 replaced with spray-laden air from the sprayer. In gen-
eral, a travel speed of 1 to 3 miles per hour has proved
Step 4. Operate the sprayer. satisfactory, depending on the size and density of the
Set the correct pressure at the gauge using the pres- canopy, and capacity of the sprayer.
sure-regulating valve. Note that recommendations for
flat fan nozzles are 15-30 psi (not more than 40 psi for Before you can calibrate your sprayer, you must de-
spraying weeds). termine the travel speed in miles per hour (mph). To
determine the travel speed, load the sprayer with clear
Collect and measure the output of each nozzle for one water and make a test run in the fruit planting. Always
minute. make the test run in the fruit planting or on similar
The output of each nozzle should be the approximately ground, because tractor speeds change dramatically
the same as calculated in Step 3 above. There are 128 from soft to firm surfaces. Set the tractor throttle at a
fluid ounces in one gallon. If you calculate the output level sufficient to operate the sprayer (PTO speed) and
at 0.20 GPM, multiply 0.20 by 128, which equals 25.6 select an appropriate gear. Remember or mark these
fluid ounces in one minute. settings.
If the nozzle output is slightly off from what you want, Calculate your speed by measuring the time required
change the pressure. If the nozzle output is significant- to travel any measured distance. A good conversion
ly off, change the speed or nozzle size. factor to remember is that 1 mph=88 feet/min. A con-
Compare nozzle output on multiple nozzle booms. venient test length is 176 feet because it is a multiple
Replace all nozzle tips that are more than 10 percent (2x) of 88. Use the following formula to determine
inaccurate. You will achieve a satisfactory spray pat- travel speed:
tern only if the output from individual nozzles does not Speed (MPH) = distance (ft) x 60

differ by more than 10 percent. time (sec) x 88
For example, if it requires 60 seconds to travel a mea-
Calibration of Air-blast Sprayers sured distance of 176 feet, the travel speed is:
Accurate calibration is the only way to ensure that a MPH = 176 x 60 = 10,560 = 2 MPH
sprayer is applying the intended amount of chemical.
You must know the amount of water that will be ap- 60 x 88 5,280
plied per unit of area to make a proper spray mix. Fail-
ing to calibrate the sprayer can injure the crop, create Determining Nozzle Flow Rate
a hazardous situation, and waste money. Frequent cal- To select the correct nozzle and whirlplate sizes, you
ibration identifies worn nozzles and keeps you aware must determine the total gallons per minute (gpm) of
of factors that can affect the application rate, including output for each particular application.
travel speed, pressure, and type of nozzle in use.
To determine gpm, you must know the travel speed of
the sprayer (mph), the gallons per acre (gpa) to be ap-
Pre-calibration Check plied, and the spacing (W) between the rows of plants.
Before calibrating, check the sprayer carefully. Be sure Once you have measured or selected these three
the nozzle tips are clean. Replace all worn or damaged variables, you can use a simple equation to calculate
nozzles. Check all hoses and fittings for leaks and the gpm. This equation is for one side of the sprayer
aging. Make sure the pressure is constant and the tank manifold only. Double the calculated answer if using
is free of dirt and debris. both sides of the sprayer. Once you determine the noz-
zle and whirlplate combinations, place the same size
nozzles and whirlplates in both sides of the sprayer if
you are using both sides.

9
Step 1. Calculate the total gpm required per side: The theoretical output from table information, however,
GPM (per side) = GPA x MPH x W was 4 gpm.

When actual output differs from the calculated output,
1,000
make adjustments by changing the pressure (when
GPM = gallons per minute (per side) the difference is small) or changing the nozzle sizes
GPA = gallons per acre (when the difference is large). Experiment with the
MPH = speed (in miles per hour) pressure to see if the output can be fine-tuned. Refer
to manufacturer’s tables for recommended operating
W = spacing between rows (in feet) pressures for nozzles. Never operate above or below
Example: You have decided to apply 70 gpa while recommended pressures.
traveling 2 mph, and the rows are spaced 10 feet apart. Repeat these calibration procedures whenever you
What is the gpm per side? change the speed, gallons per acre, or row spacing.
GPM = 70 x 2 x 10 = 1,400 = 1.4 GPM Periodically check the output from the nozzles during

the spraying season. The effectiveness of the spray
1,000 1,000
material directly depends on your skill as an operator.
Step 2. Select the correct nozzle-whirlplate combina-
Field test to confirm calculations:
tion and operating pressure. Air-blast sprayers nor-
mally use disk-core-type cone spray tips. Select the GPA (gallons per acre) = gal sprayed x 43,560 ft2

correct size nozzles and whirlplates by using a table distance traveled (ft)
that indicates the nozzle size and gallons per minute
output at various pressures using specific whirlplates. Example: A field test is run in which 10 rows, each 200
You can find these tables in the sprayer manufacturer’s feet long, were sprayed. Row spacing was 10 feet. It
literature or in nozzle catalogs. took 35 gallons to refill the sprayer to the original level.
What was the gpa?
Arrange nozzles in the sprayer manifold so approxi-
mately two-thirds of the total flow comes from nozzles 35 gal x 43,560 ft2 = 76 GPA
in the upper half of the manifold, and one-third of the 2,000 ft x 10 ft
total flow comes from nozzles in the lower half. Adjust
nozzles this way to provide uniform coverage through- Spray Water pH
out the canopy. It should adequately penetrate to the
top and center of the canopy while avoiding excess Several pesticides break down rapidly in alkaline water
application in the lower outside areas. (pH above 7.0). Both well and pond water in the Mid-
west tend to be alkaline. In a matter of hours — or, in
Step 3. Install the nozzles in their proper outlets. In- extreme instances, only minutes — 50 percent or more
spect and clean all nozzles and outlets and determine of the active ingredient may be hydrolyzed to yield a
that the sprayer is operating correctly. Nozzles are an less active compound. Captan, Dimethoate, Imidan,
important part of the sprayer; if the nozzles show any and Malathion are examples of compounds especially
defects or wear, replace them. vulnerable to alkaline hydrolysis.
Step 4. Measure the total gpm from all the nozzles To ensure the maximum effectiveness of pesticide
selected in Step 2. Fill the sprayer tank at least half full. applications, check the pH of spray mixes in the spray
Prime the sprayer system and check all the nozzles tank and add buffering agents if necessary to adjust
to make sure none are clogged or partially clogged. the pH to neutral (7.0). Many commercial buffering
Record the exact level of water in the spray tank. Bring agents are available, and the list is too long to in-
the sprayer up to the desired pressure and turn the clude all of them. Most adjuvants (see definition in the
nozzles on. Use a stopwatch to record how long the next section) are multipurpose adjuvants, serving as
sprayer is running. You should operate the sprayer for spreaders, activators, etc. Be sure to read the labels
at least three minutes. Record the new level in the tank of both the pesticide and adjuvant before using them.
or measure the amount of water needed to refill the Granulated food grade citric acid may be the most
tank to the original level. convenient and inexpensive acidifying material. Two
Example: The spray tank is filled to the 100-gallon ounces per 100 gallons has been shown to reduce the
level. It was predetermined from the manufacturer’s pH of tap water from 8.3 to 5.4. Convenient granulated
tables that the nozzles selected would give a total food grade citric acid measures are:
output of 4 gpm. The sprayer was operated for five per 100 gal 1/4 cup, slightly rounded
minutes at 150 psi on the gauge. After the five minutes, per 300 gal 3/4 cup, rounded
the sight gauge read 75 gal The actual output was: per 500 gal 1 1/3 cups
100 gal (start) - 75 gal (stop) = 25 gal per 5 min. = 5 gpm Granulated food grade citric acid is available in

10
50-pound bags from suppliers that handle food grade formulations are more likely to cause compatibility
chemicals. Do not try to acidify solutions containing problems than wettable powders. Mixing wettable
phosphorous acid, Bordeaux mixture, fixed copper, or powders with emulsifiable concentrates may result
other copper compounds. in incompatibility issues. Compatibility problems are
often noted when applicators use lime, copper (Bor-
Spray Adjuvants deaux), or oil products in a mix. Be aware of spray tank
pH as noted above.
Several types of additives are available to improve the
Read the comments section in this spray guide for
effectiveness of spray applications. Collectively, these
notes about compatibility problems, and read pesticide
products are called adjuvants. Here are some adju-
labels before tank mixing products. Most pesticide
vants and their functions:
labels give instructions for loading, tank mixes, etc.,
Activators increase a pesticide’s effect by increasing and we recommend that growers follow the label
the penetration of a spray solution through leaf hairs directions closely to avoid problems.
or a waxy cuticle and into a leaf or fruit.
Acidifiers lower the pH of alkaline spray water to re- Making Tank Mixes
duce the potential breakdown of certain pesticides in
the spray tank. Adding the components of the mixture in the order
the label specifies is critical; whether some pesticides
Buffers change the pH of spray water, then hold it at are physically compatible or not depends on the order
the desired degree of acidity. in which you add them to the tank. This is especially
De-foamers, when added to the spray tank, break true for pesticides packaged in water-soluble packets.
down or prevent the formation of foam. A mistake in mixing order could prevent the package
Elasticizers or drift control agents reduce the breakup from dissolving completely, thus preventing uniform
of spray droplets into very fine particles and thereby distribution of the pesticide in the spray tank. The label
minimize drift. provides mixing instructions for all registered tank
mixes. Unless the label states otherwise, you cannot
Surfactants, spreaders, and wetting agents are apply any pesticide in the mixture at a rate higher than
different names for products that reduce the surface the label allows for when the pesticide is used alone
tension around a spray droplet, allowing it to spread for the same purpose.
out more evenly on the surface of a leaf or fruit.
Caution: Some surfactants used in combination with Some pesticide labels do not provide adequate mixing
certain pesticides can function as activators, which order directions. The usual method for tank mixing is
can injure plants. Consult labels or chemical suppliers as follows.
for more information. First, fill the tank one-quarter to one-half full with the
Stickers cause a pesticide to stick to the surface after carrier and begin agitation. If you need to add a com-
the spray dries, thereby reducing the potential for loss patibility, buffering or defoaming agent, these products
from rain or overhead irrigation. should be added before the other products. If you are
using a drift reduction additive, always consult the la-
Spreader-stickers is a term commonly misused when bel; some are added very early, while others are added
referring to a surfactant or spreader. A true spreader- nearly last.
sticker combines the characteristics of a surfactant
with that of a sticker. Next, slowly add and thoroughly mix the pesticide
products, one at a time, beginning with those hardest
Caution: Do not use an adjuvant with any pesticide to mix (such as suspension-forming formulations).
without first consulting the specific pesticide label. Generally, wettable powder (WP) and dry flowable
Improper selection or use can injure crops or reduce or water-dispersible granule (DF, WDG) products
effectiveness, particularly when you mix adjuvants should be added first, followed by flowable (F, FL) and
with emulsifiable concentrates. microencapsulated (ME) products. Add emulsifiable
concentrates (EC) next, followed by any solution (S) or
Pesticide Compatibility soluble powder (SP) products. Other spray modifiers
Because of the complex nature of pest management in (penetrants and surfactants) should be added last. Dry
fruit crops, multiple fungicides and insecticides may formulations should be preslurried (mixed with a little
need to be tank mixed together and applied at one water) before adding them to the spray tank; this is
time. Pesticide compatibility in the spray tank is usually also a good idea (even with ECs) if you are using liquid
not a problem with newer pesticides. The compatibility fertilizers as the carrier. Finally, continue adding your
of some materials may depend on solvents and emul- carrier to the desired level.
sifiers the manufacturer used. Emulsifiable concentrate

11
To make certain you have a uniform spray mixture at are sensitive to Sinbar herbicide. Several apple variet-
all times, keep the mixture agitated during the entire ies are sensitive to azoxystrobin, the active ingredient
application and until the tank is empty. Avoid letting in Abound, Quilt, and Quadris Top fungicides. Always
the mixture stand overnight, if possible, without agi- read the comments associated with the materials in
tation. If you do end up with a physically incompatible this guide.
spray mix, call the manufacturer of each product to Pesticide choices can be limited by variety, disease or
see if you can rejuvenate the mix. Adding a compatibil- insect pressure, and other factors. Your preference,
ity agent may return the mix to a sprayable form. If you experience with materials, and price often influence
cannot rejuvenate the mix, treat it as pesticide waste. decisions as well. Pest management in fruit crops is
relatively easy as long as you understand the pests,
Tank Mixing Order critical periods for control, proper selection of control
1. Fill tank 1/4 to 1/2 full with carrier (water) materials, and proper application procedures.
2. Begin agitation
Always read the entire pesticide label. If you have
3. Utility agents (if needed)
any questions about the proper use of a pesticide,
4. Suspension products refer to other sources, such as the Midwest Small
a. Dry (Pre-mix): WP, DF, WDG, Fruit Pest Management Handbook or Midwest
b. Wet F, FL, ME Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook. If you still
5. Emulsifiable products (EC) have questions, contact the manufacturer or your
6. Solution products (S, SP) state Extension specialist for clarification.
7. Spray modifiers (if needed)
8. Finish filling the tank with carrier
From: Illinois Pesticide Applicator Training Manual
SP39: General Standards. University of Illinois Exten-
sion Pesticide Safety Education Program. pp. 19-20.

Summary
Pesticide recommendations are confusing because
there are so many options for materials to use for
certain diseases or insect pests. For this reason, we
strongly recommend that growers refer to the Midwest
Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook or Midwest
Tree Fruit Pest Management Handbook (see front in-
side cover/page 2) to develop a thorough understand-
ing of pest management.
With fungicides in particular, a single material may
control one or more diseases, but not all. So when
several diseases threaten, you may need to combine
materials to achieve control. Insect pests also may be
a problem at the same time, so you may also need to
apply insecticides. In most cases, you can tank mix
multiple fungicides and insecticides together and ap-
ply at one time. However, not all pesticides are com-
patible, so you should test for compatibility before tank
mixing any products.
Certain fungicides and insecticides may be phytotoxic
(cause foliar damage) to certain crops and/or varieties.
For example, many grape varieties are sensitive to sul-
fur or copper. The Relative Disease Susceptibility and
Chemical Sensitivity among Grape Cultivars table on
page 182 lists variety sensitivity to these materials. Ad-
ditionally, some grape varieties are sensitive to certain
strobilurin fungicides, and some strawberry varieties

12
 1. APPLE
Apple Insect Pests
Compiled by K. Athey; edited by C. Welty, E. Long, R. Bessin, C. Guedot and D. Lewis

The shaded boxes represent the crop stages where common pests in the Midwest are active and action (scouting
and preventative sprays) may be necessary/recommended. Weather and degree day accumulation will impact
the exact timing of pest appearance in the orchard. MD signifies timing to set Mating Disruption traps.
Stage
First and
Green Half-inch Tight Second Third Summer
Dormant Tip Green Cluster Pink Bloom Petal Fall Cover Cover Cover
CM-MD codling moth (CM)
OFM-MD oriental fruit moth (OFM)
plum curculio
apple maggot
brown marmorated
stink bug
European red mite European red mite
Japanese
beetle
rosy apple aphid rosy apple aphid
San Jose scale San Jose scale
woolly
apple aphid
periodical cicada
potato leafhopper
dogwood borer – MD dogwood borer
green apple
aphid
leafrollers
tarnished plant
bug
spotted tenti- spotted tenti- spotted tenti- spotted
form leafminer form leafminer form leafminer tentiform
– adults – larvae – larvae leafminer
ambrosia beetles

Major Present in most orchards in most years and usually causing economic damage if not managed. MD: Mating Disruption
Minor Often present but not causing economic damage and not requiring management. MD: Mating Disruption

13
Apple Spray Schedule Notes on disease management
Entomology Lead: K Athey, R. Bessin and C. Welty The fungi that cause apple scab, powdery mildew, and
Pathology Lead: J. Beckerman cedar apple rust attack newly emerged leaves to a
Horticulture Lead: J. Strang and E. Wahle greater degree than older leaves. The fungi that cause
summer rots attack newly developed fruit as early as
How to read the spray schedule tables
petal fall, even though symptoms may not appear until
Every apple growth stage has important notes on dis- harvest.
ease or insect management. In some cases, the reader
To protect leaves and fruit, starting fungicide appli-
will be directed to the special problems section at the
cations early to protect new growth is essential. That
end of the section or chapter. Please make sure to read
said, successful growers understand the limits of what
thoroughly and contact your state Extension specialist
fungicides can do, and they consider pesticide cost
with any specific questions.
and the risk of disease when deciding which fungicide
Key to tables to use and when to use it.
E = excellent control With proper timing and application, captan, mancozeb,
G = good control Syllit plus mancozeb or captan, or captan plus man-
F = fair control cozeb (“captozeb”) can provide very good to excellent
[r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible scab control from green tip until pink, at a lower cost,
s = suppression only and little risk of fungicide resistance. As always, the
i = ineffective goal is to keep the number of primary scab lesions low
u = unknown efficacy to improve fruit protection later in the season. This is
x = pest not on the label more difficult in cooler, wet years, which may require
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials more frequent spraying.
conducted across various regions and does not neces- At tight cluster through first cover (when the risk of
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over powdery mildew, scab, and rust are highest), incor-
time. Growers should contact their Extension special- porate the broad-acting, systemic fungicides with the
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information. FRAC codes of 3, 7, 11, to improve management and
The information on this publication is only a guide; the best utilize these fungicides’ systemic nature.
authors and their institutions assume no liability for
practices implemented based on this information.
Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is
Apple Dormant to Silver Tip – Diseases
the law. Product registration may vary by state. Apply before growth starts in spring and when tem-
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the peratures are above 45°F.
fungicide/insecticide. • If fire blight was severe last year, make fixed cop-
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the per applications at silver tip. Do not apply copper
number of days before harvest that the product may after 1/4-inch green leaf stage or when drying
not be applied. conditions are cool and slow, because that may
cause severe injury. Many fixed copper fungicides/
4
All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-Entry bactericides are registered for use on apple. Fixed
Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time coppers can be mixed with oil. However, never
immediately after a pesticide application when entry combine copper sulfate alone with dormant oil.
into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI. Using copper at this stage does not eliminate the
Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pes- need of streptomycin at bloom. Use of copper at
ticides during harvest. this stage has been shown to aid in the manage-
Applicators must abide by both maximum amount ment of apple scab, particularly in orchards that
of product per season AND maximum number of had a high incidence of the disease the previous
applications. season.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ • Apply Ridomil to soil in early spring before growth
acre/year. starts.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of • The suggested urea application rate is 40 lb of
applications per year. agricultural grade urea (46-0-0) per 100 gal of
water. See Sanitation Methods to Aid in Apple
Scab Control, page 51.

14
Table 1-1. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – dormant through silver tip1
Product and formulation Phytophthora crown REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 fire blight and collar rot scab PHI4 Max app6
Bordeaux mixture, 8-8-10 M 8 lb x x NA NA
copper sulfate s[G] x x 24h NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M 5-7.5 lb x x NA 40 lb
copper sulfate s[G] x x 48h NA
Kocide 3000 M 3.5-7 lb x x NA 53.3 lb
copper hydroxide s[G] x x 48h NA
Ridomil Gold SL (SC) 2 qt/A (2.0) or 1.5 fl oz/1,000
x x NA NA
sq ft (see note above)
mefenoxam x E x 48h NA
urea (46-0-0) 44 lb (see
NA x x 0 50 lb
note above)
x x G 0 NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Phytophthora collar, crown and root rot of apple Phosphorous acid (phosphonates and
Ridomil Gold SL is labeled for use on bearing apple phosphites)
trees. Make applications before symptoms appear, es- A number of phosphorous acid products are reg-
pecially in areas of the orchard with poor water drain- istered as fungicides to control root and collar rot
age. Ridomil Gold SL will not revitalize trees showing (caused by Phytophthora spp.) on apple, pear, and
moderate to severe crown rot symptoms. stone fruit. Brand names for these products include
Mix 0.5 pint of Ridomil Gold SL with 100 gallons of but are not limited to Agri-Fos, ProPhyt, Phostrol, and
water. Around the trunk of the tree, apply the amount Rampart. Their active ingredient, phosphorous acid, is
of diluted mixture indicated in the table below. Make essentially the same active ingredient as in the fungi-
applications in early spring before growth starts and cide Aliette, which has been registered for use on tree
in the fall after harvest and before the ground freezes. fruit for many years, however these are not generic
On new plantings, delay the first application until two versions of Aliette or each other. Care must be taken
weeks after planting. in following the label. In some instances, products are
To determine trunk diameter, measure the trunk 12 labeled for control of other diseases, although the data
inches above soil line. is complex and inconsistent.
These materials are applied as foliar sprays. The active
Amount of Ridomil Gold SL (diluted) to apply for crown ingredient is highly systemic and moves down the tree
rot control from the leaves into the crown and roots. See the label
for current use recommendations. Although labeled,
Quarts of Diluted these products are not recommended for managing
Trunk Diameter Mixture/Tree apple scab or fire blight in the Midwest.
< 1 inch 1 quart For spring and summer Phytophthora collar, crown
1-3 inches 3 quarts and root rot control on tree fruit: Under moderate
> 5 inches 4 quarts disease pressure, apply products as indicated on the
label on a 30-60-day spray interval. Make the first ap-
Do not dip tree roots or spray bare roots with solutions containing Ridomil Gold SL. Do
not graze in or feed cover crops from treated orchards. Illegal residues may occur. plication in the spring after sufficient foliage is present
to absorb the chemical.
Do not apply within two to three weeks of leaf color
change in the fall. Foliage must be green and living for
the roots to take up and transport Aliette.
Do not apply Aliette if you have applied copper-based
fungicides within two weeks to avoid possible phyto-
toxic reactions.

15
Apple Green Tip through Half-Inch Green – • Sulfur is formulated as dusts, liquids, and wettable
powders (e.g., wettable sulfur, Microthiol Disperss,
Diseases Cosavet, Microfine Kumulus, Liquid Sulfur Six,
Begin fungicide sprays at green tip and repeat every and Dusting Sulfur). Formulations can vary from
5-7 days through second cover. 80% to 95% elemental sulfur. Formulations with
Notes on disease management finer particles are more effective. Sulfur is effective
• Initiate applications at green tip or when environ- against plant-feeding mites but can damage pred-
mental conditions are favorable for primary scab atory mite populations. Do not use within 10 days
development. Continue applications through the of applying oil or captan or when temperatures
duration of primary scab on a 7-10 day interval. exceed 85°F. Certain apple varieties are sensitive
to sulfur sprays under certain conditions. Do not
• Captan 80WG PLUS Mancozeb 75D F is a highly apply unless the varieties are known to be sulfur
recommended tank mix (often called “captozeb”) tolerant.
and can be used up to 8 times, limited by the 77-
day PHI for Mancozeb. See Note About Mancozeb • Vangard 75WG is most effective at temperatures
(EBDC Products), page 50. below 70°F.

• If your orchard has a long history of Syllit (Cyprex)

use, fungicide resistance may be a problem. Tank
mix Syllit with a mancozeb-based product.

Table 1-2. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – green tip through half-inch green1
Product and formulation FRAC powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 mildew scab PHI4 Max app6
Captan 80 WDG M x 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan x G 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M x 1-2.5 lb 12h NA
copper sulfate x G-F NA NA
Ferbam Granulfo (76WDG) M x 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam x F NA 3
Kocide 3000 M x 0.75-7 lb 48h 53.3 lb
copper hydroxide x G-F 0d NA
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur G i-F 0d NA
Roper DF Rainshield M x 3 or 6 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb x G 77d 6
Scala SC 9 x 7-10 fl oz 12h 40 fl oz
pyrimethanil x E-G 72d NA
Vangard WG 9 x 5 oz 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x G 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 x 3 or 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram x G 14d 7
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

16
Apple Green Tip Through Half-Inch Green – target is European red mite or rosy apple aphid.
Although Diazinon is labeled for use with oil to
Insects increase scale control, trials have shown that oil
Notes on insect management alone results in greater than 98 percent control of
• Superior oil: Apply oil when temperature is above scales if coverage is thorough. Adding an insecti-
32°F (for at least 24 hours before and after the cide does improve aphid control.
application); never during freezing weather. Check • Esteem 35WP controls scale anytime between
label for fungicide/oil compatibility. Oil is most half- inch green and second cover. At half-inch
effective when sprayed dilute under calm condi- green it also controls rosy apple aphid. When
tions to ensure thorough coverage of all woody used at pink it also controls leafminer. The min-
tissue. Delaying oil application until half-inch green imum rate is effective when used pre-bloom, but
controls European red mite eggs better than ear- the maximum rate is necessary if application is
lier applications. For European red mite, oil should delayed until the crawler stage in early summer.
be used at higher rates (1-2%) at this pre-bloom • Oriental fruit moth: Pheromone traps for oriental
stage, but reduced to 0.5% for summer sprays. fruit moth should be deployed by half-inch green,
• Where San Jose scale is a main target of oil with the first catch of moths expected at the pink
sprays, the best application timing is at green tip. stage.
Wait until half-inch green or pink if your primary

Table 1-3. Insecticides for control of apple insects – green tip through half-inch green1
Product and Formulation IRAC European rosy apple San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite aphid scale PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20D 1 lb x x 12h NA
bifenazate G x x 7d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A x 4.5 oz x 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam x E x See label NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 2.25-4.25 fl oz x x 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin G x x 28d 2
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A 4-8 oz x x 12h NA
clofentezine E x x 45d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 101.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate x G i 21d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 2.5-4 oz 8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid x E s 7d 4
Azera 0.21EC 3A x 32 fl oz x 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins x u x 0d 10
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x x 2.4-2.8 fl oz 12h 2.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin x x G 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A x 4-6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin x E G 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 x 2-2.8 oz x 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid x G x 21d 3
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x x 34.5 oz 12h 34.5 oz
buprofezin x x E 14d 1
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x 1.5-2.75 fl oz 5.75 fl oz 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor x E s 7d 4
(Continued)

17
Table 1-3. Insecticides for control of apple insects – green tip through half-inch green1 (continued)
Product and Formulation IRAC European rosy apple San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite aphid scale PHI4 Max app6
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz 10.6-21.3 fl oz x 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin F F x 14d NA
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A x x 0.9-1.9 fl oz 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin x x u 21d NA
Diazinon AG600 (RUP) 1B x x 12.75 fl oz/100 4d 25.5 fl oz
gal
diazinon x x x 21d 2
Esteem 35WP 7C x 3-5 oz 4-5 oz 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen x E E 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x 13.5-20.5 fl oz x 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole x E x 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x x 2.125-5.75 lb 4 or 7d 15.5 lb
phosmet x x F 7d NA
Kanemite 15SC 20B 21-31 fl oz x x 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl E x x 14d 2
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) (RUP) 1A x 1.5-3 pt x 3d 15 pt
methomyl x G x 14d 5
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-4 fl oz x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x u x 14d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 13.7 fl oz x x 12h 27.4 fl oz
cyflumetofen E x x 7d 2
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN x 5-7 fl oz 7-16 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin x F u 0d NA
Nexter (SC) 21A 11-17 fl oz x x 12h NA
pyridaben G x x 25d 1
Oil (superior) UN 0.5-2% 0.5-2% 0.5-2% NA NA
mineral oil x x G NA NA
Onager Optek (1EC) 10 12-24 oz x x 12h 24 oz
hexythiazox E x x 28d 1
Permethrin 25W (RUP) 3A x 6.4-16 oz x 12h 32 oz
permethrin x G x See label NA
Permethrin 3.2EC (RUP) 3A x 4-16 fl oz x 12h 20 fl oz
permethrin x G x See label NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pt x x 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate E x x 14d 1
PQZ (1.87SC) 9B x 2.4-3.2 fl oz x 12h 4.8 fl oz
pyrifluquinazon x E x 14d 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin x G i 21d NA
(Continued)

18
Table 1-3. Insecticides for control of apple insects – green tip through half-inch green1 (continued)
Product and Formulation IRAC European rosy apple San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite aphid scale PHI4 Max app6
Savey 50DF 10A 3-6 oz x x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox E x x 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus 1A x 1.5-3 qt 1.5-3 qt 12h 15 qt
carbaryl x F F 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x 7-14 fl oz 10.5-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x G G 14d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B 1-2 lb x x 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide F x x 14d 2
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 9D x 1.5 fl oz x 12h 7 fl oz
afidopyropen x G x 7d NA
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 1A 2-4 pt 4-8 pt x 48h 8 pt
oxamyl G G x 14d 4
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin x G i 21d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B 2-3 oz x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole E x x 14d 1
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Apple Tight Cluster Through Pink – Diseases Fungicide Resistance Alert

7 days after half-inch green. Then 7-10 after tight cluster. • Mix FRAC 3, 7 and/or 11 fungicides with mancozeb
or captan for resistance management.
Notes on disease management
• To limit the potential for fungicide resistance
• Apple pink is a critical time for controlling scab, development, do not make more than four (4)
rust, and powdery mildew. applications of any fungicide within each group
• See Note About Mancozeb (EBDC Products), page per season, and delay using them until pink (at the
50. earliest) whenever possible.
• Scala 5SC and Vangard are most effective at tem- • Do not make more than two sequential applica-
peratures below 70°F. tions of any fungicide within each group without
• Syllit FL Fungicide resistance may be a problem if alternating to a fungicide from a different chemis-
your orchard has a long history of Syllit (Cyprex) try group.
use. Do not use after pink. • It is recommended that growers alternate between
• Topguard Fungicide Specialty Crops: Do not FRAC codes to reduce the risk of fungicide re-
confuse with Topguard EQ, which contains azox- sistance. For example: one application of Sovran
ystrobin, and is phytotoxic on many apple varieties. (FRAC 11), alternated with one application of
Inspire Super MP (FRAC 3+9), alternated with one
• Apply Apogee at 1-3” growth and continue at one- application of Fontelis (FRAC 7). See Fungicide
to four-week intervals at the first sign of regrowth, Resistance Management, page 50.
to control shoot growth and reduce the risk of fire
blight. See page 47 for more information regarding
application of Apogee or Kudos for control of plant
vigor and improved resistance to fire blight.

19
Table 1-4. Fungicides for management of apple diseases – tight cluster through pink1
Product and formulation FRAC powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 mildew rust scab PHI4 Max app6
Aprovia (EC) 7 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 12h 27.6 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr F u E-G 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG M 2.5-5 lb x 5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan i x G 0d NA
Cevya 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole G-E E E 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x x 1-2.5 lb 12hr NA
copper sulfate x x F-G NA NA
Excalia (2.84 SC) 7 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 12h 8 fl oz
inpyrfluxam E-G u E PF 2
Ferbam Granuflo (76 WDG) M3 x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam x G F NA 3
Flint Extra 11 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 fl oz 12h 10.5 fl oz
trifloxystrobin G [r] F E [r] 14d NA
Fontelis (1.67 SC) 7 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad G E E 28d NA
Indar 2F 3 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
fenbuconazole E [r] E E [r] 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil F E E 28d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 12.5 fl oz x 12.5 fl oz 12h NA
isofetamid s x F 20d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 2.4-6.8 fl oz x 4-6.8 fl oz NA NA
fluopyram G x G-E NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin G [r] F E [r] 14d 4
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 11.2-16 fl oz x 11.2-16 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil G x E 72d NA
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin G s E 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur G x i-F 0d NA
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen G G E 30d 4
Omega 500F 29 x 13.8 fl oz 10-13.8 fl oz 12h 138 fl oz
fluazinam x s-G G 28d 10
OSO 5% 19 3.75-13 fl oz x 3.75-13 fl oz 4h 78 oz
polyoxin D F x F 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 12h 74 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid E [r] E E [r] 0d 4
(Continued)

20
Table 1-4. Fungicides for management of apple diseases – tight cluster through pink1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 mildew rust scab PHI4 Max app6
Procure 480 SC 3 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole E [r] E [r] G [r] 14d NA
Rally 40WSP 3 5-10 oz 5-8 oz 5-8 oz 24h 5 lb
myclobutanil E [r] F E-G[r] 14d NA
Roper DF Rainshield M 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb i G G 77d 6
Scala (SC) 9 x x 7-10 fl oz 12h 40 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x G-E 72d NA
Sercadis 7 3.5-4.5 fl oz 4.5 fl oz 3.5-4.5 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
fluxapyroxad G s G-E 0d 4
Sovran (50WG) 11 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 oz 12h 25.6 oz
kresoxim-methyl G [r] E E [r] 30d 4
Syllit FL U12 x x 1.5 pt 48h 3 pt
dodine x x E [r] pink 2
Topguard Specialty Crops (SC) 3 8-12 fl oz 8-12 fl oz 13 fl oz 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol E E G 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 0.75-1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl G [r] x i 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 6.8 oz x x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid E x x 14d 1
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x x 5 oz 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x G 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 x 6 lb 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram x G G 14d 7
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Apple Tight Cluster Through Pink – Insects • Oriental fruit moth: If this pest is to be managed
by pheromone mating disruption, then dispensers
Notes on insect management should be deployed at pink. See details on page
• Rosy apple aphid: Scout for curled leaves at early 26-27.
pink. Apply aphicide at pink if you find any curled
leaves with rosy apple aphid inside.
• San Jose scale: Put pheromone traps in place
now to monitor adult scales; expect crawlers four
to six weeks after adults emerge.
• Pyrethroids (Asana, Baythroid, Danitol, Mustang
Maxx, Permethrin, Proaxis, and Warrior) kill pred-
atory mites that feed on European red mite and
two-spotted spider mite, thereby triggering out-
breaks of these pests. Use pyrethroids only if the
potential for plant bug and stink bug damage is
high.

21
Table 1-5. Insecticides for control of apple insects – tight cluster through pink1
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 rosy apple aphid PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A 4.5 oz 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam E 21d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 101.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate G 21d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 2.5- 4 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid E 7d 4
Azera 0.21EC 3A 32 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins u 0d 10
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 4-6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin E 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 2-2.8 oz 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid G 21d 3
Closer SC (2SC) 4C 1.5-2.75 fl oz 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor E 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin F 14d NA
Esteem 35WP 7C 3-5 oz 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen E 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole E 3d 3
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) (RUP) 1A 1.5-3 pt 3d 15 pt
methomyl G 14d 5
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.2-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin u 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 5-7 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin F 0d NA
Permethrin 25W (RUP) 3A 6.4-16 oz 12h 32 oz
permethrin G See label NA
Permethrin 3.2EC (RUP) 3A 4-16 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
permethrin G See label NA
PQZ (1.87SC) 9B 2.4-3.2 fl oz 12h 4.8 fl oz
pyrifluquinazon E 14d 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin G 21d NA
Sevin XLR Plus 1A 1.5-3 qt 12h 15 qt
carbaryl F 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D 7-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone G 14d NA
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 9D 1.5 fl oz 12h 7 fl oz
afidopyropen G 7d NA
(Continued)

22
Table 1-5. Insecticides for control of apple insects – tight cluster through pink1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 rosy apple aphid PHI4 Max app6
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 1A 4-8 pt 48h 8 pt
oxamyl G 14d 4
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin G 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Apple Pink
7-10 days after tight cluster.
Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments
nutrient level Solubor (boron) May add Solubor to pesticide
2 lb solutions, but check for compati-
AND/OR bility, order of mixing, etc. Solubor
helps prevent cork spot; see page
feed-grade urea (nitrogen) 31 for more information.
3 lb
Can add urea to pesticide sprays
when needed.

Apple Bloom – Diseases • A minimum of 2 applications are necessary to

provide control. If warm, wet weather occurs, it is
7-10 days after pink. Bloom begins when the first blos- critical to apply sprays on a tight schedule using
som opens (King Bloom). a maximum strength of 100 ppm (8 oz per 100
• Do not use Syllit after pink. gal) of streptomycin. You can improve timing and
• Fungicide applications for effective bitter rot con- confidence with streptomycin by using a disease
trol begins now. warning system such as MARYBLYT. Streptomycin
Phytotoxicity Alert! From bloom to first cover, be is not recommended for use after petal fall.
aware of potential phytotoxicity issues with complex • Do not concentrate Regulaid for fire blight control.
tank-mixes involving captan and other fungicides and • Fire blight (shoot blight): Apply the growth regu-
insecticides. lator Apogee 27.5W PLUS Regulaid at petal fall on
Streptomycin is the most effective antibiotic for fire king blooms for maximum effectiveness. It will take
blight control. If streptomycin resistance has been 10 days to two weeks after application for plants to
confirmed in your orchard, switch to FireLine 17WP, be less susceptible to disease. See comments on
Kasumin 2L, or Mycoshield only in those orchards page 49. Excessive nitrogen fertilization will make
with a documented streptomycin resistance. trees more susceptible to fire blight.
• Fire blight (blossom blight): Start fire blight • Bitter rot and summer rots: Rot control begins
sprays at first sign of open blossoms. Repeat now for best results. Applying mancozeb at this
sprays at 4- to 5-day intervals through bloom and time using the label’s extended program for con-
petal fall on susceptible varieties. trol of scab provides collateral control of bitter and
summer rot, and saves on applications of captan.

23
Table 1-6. Fungicides labeled for control of apple diseases – bloom1
Product and formulation FRAC fire powdery summer REI4 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot blight mildew rust scab rot PHI3 Max app6
Agri-Mycin 17 25 x 24-48 oz x x x x 12h NA
streptomycin sulfate x G [r] x x x x 50d NA
Apogee (27.5W) PGR x 9-36 fl oz x x x x 12h 99 oz
prohexadione calcium x E x x x x 45d NA
Aprovia (EC) 7 5.5-7 fl oz x 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 12h 27.6 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr G-E x F u E-G F 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG M 2.5-5 lb x 2.5-5 lb x 5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan E* x i x G E 0d NA
Cevya 3 x x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole x x G-E E E F-G 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x 5.5-7.5 lb x x 1-2.5 lb x 12hr NA
copper sulfate x F-G x x F-G x NA NA
Excalia (2.84 SC) 7 3-4 fl oz x 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz x 12h 8 fl oz
inpyrfluxam u x E-G u E x PF 2
Ferbam Granuflo (76 WDG) M3 3.5 lb x x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam F x x G F G NA 3
Flint Extra 11 2.9 fl oz x 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.9 fl oz 12h 10.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
trifloxystrobin G x G [r] F E [r] G 14d NA
Fontelis (1.67 SC) 7 x x 16-20 oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x G E E u 28d NA
Indar 2F 3 x x 6-8 oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
fenbuconazole x x E [r] E E [r] x 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x x 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12 fl oz x 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x x F E E x 28d NA
Kasumin 2L 24 x 64 fl oz x x x x 12h 256 fl oz
kasugamycin x G x x x x 90d 4
Kenja 400SC 7 x x 12.5 oz x 12.5 oz x 12h NA
isofetamid x x s x F x 20d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x x 2.4-6.8 x 4-6.8 fl oz x NA NA
fl oz
fluopyram x x G x G-E x NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 4-5.8 fl oz x 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E x G [r] F E [r] E 14d 4
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 11.2-16 fl x 11.2-16 x 12h 54.7 fl oz
oz fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x x G x E x 72d NA
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz x 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E x G s E E 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M x x 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb x 24h NA
sulfur x x G x i-F x 0d NA
(Continued)

24
Table 1-6. Fungicides labeled for control of apple diseases – bloom1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC fire powdery summer REI4 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot blight mildew rust scab rot PHI3 Max app6
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 3.4 fl oz x 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen s-F x G G E s 30d 4
Mycoshield 41 x 1 lb x x x x 12h 9 lb
oxytetracyline x G x x x x 60d 6
Omega 500F 29 13.8 fl oz x x 13.8 fl oz 10-13.8 13.8 fl oz 12h 138 fl oz
fl oz
fluazinam F x x s-G G s-G 28d 10
OSO 5% 19 x x 3.75-13 x 3.75-13 x 4h 78 oz
fl oz fl oz
polyoxin D x x F x F x 0d 6
Polyram 80 DF M3 x x x 3 lb 3 lb x 24h 21 lb
metiran x x x G G x 77d 7
Pristine 11+7 14.5-18.5 x 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 12h 74 oz
oz oz oz fl oz oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid F-E x E [r] E E [r] E 0d 4
Procure 480 SC 3 x x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz x 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole x x E [r] E [r] G [r] x 14d NA
Rally 40WSP 3 x x 5-10 oz 5-8 oz 5-8 oz x 24h 5 lb
myclobutanil x x E [r] F E-G[r] x 14d NA
Roper DF Rainshield M 3 lb x 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 3 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb see note x i G G see note 77d 6
above above
Scala (SC) 9 x x x x 7-10 fl oz x 12h 40 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x x x G-E x 72d NA
Sercadis 7 x x 3.5-4.5 4.5 fl oz 3.5-4.5 4.5 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluxapyroxad x x G s G-E F 0d 4
Sovran (50WG) 11 x x 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 3.2-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 12h 25.6 oz
fl oz
kresoxim-methyl x x G [r] E E [r] G 30d 4
Syllit FL U12 x x x x 1.5 pt x 48h 3 pt
dodine x x x x E [r] x pink 2
Topguard Specialty Crops (SC) 3 13 fl oz x 8-12 fl oz 8-12 fl oz 13 fl oz 13 fl oz 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol u x E E G u 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 x x 0.75-1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl x x G [r] x i G 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x 6.8 oz x x x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x x E x x x 14d 1
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x x x x 5 oz x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x x x G x 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 6 lb x x 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram G x x G G i 14d 7
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label
25
Apple Bloom – Insects (OFM) using the tactic of pheromone mating disrup-
tion. These products dispense a species-specific sex
7-10 days after pink. Bloom begins when the first blossom attractant that does not kill moths but prevents male
opens (king bloom). Remember to protect pollinators! moths from locating females for mating, which results
• SAVE THE BEES! Do not use insecticides or miti- in elimination of egg-laying in fruit. Mating disruption
cides at bloom. is most likely to succeed in blocks of at least 5 acres
• Codling moth (monitoring): Put out pheromone where initial populations of codling moth are low. If
traps now to monitor adult codling moth activity. 2 you attempt a mating disruption program in blocks
per 5 acres, minimum of 2 per block. See page 34 smaller than 5 acres, or where infestation is moderate
for information about how to use traps to determine or high, then you also need to make border sprays
optimal insecticide timing. or at least one or two insecticide cover sprays. Con-
trolling these moths by mating disruption does not
• Codling moth (management with mating disrup- control other insect pests that insecticide applications
tion): Deploy pheromone dispensers at bloom. See manage, for example, plum curculio and apple maggot.
details below. Many of these products are deployed manually but
aerosol emitters and sprayable products are available.
Mating disruption for codling moth control and The manual products last for several months, while the
oriental fruit moth sprayables last for several weeks.
Several products are registered in some states for
control of codling moth (CM) and oriental fruit moth

Table 1-7. Products for pheromone mating disruption of codling moth and oriental fruit moth
Target Type Product name Rate Duration
Codling moth (CM) only manual dispensers CheckMate CM-XL 2.0 Dispenser 120-200 dispensers/A
CideTrak CMDA Combo Meso-A 18-36 dispensers/A 120-150 days

Isomate CM Flex 200-400 dispensers/A

Isomate C Plus 200-400 dispensers/A
Isomate C TT 100-200 dispensers/A
NoMate CM Spiral 300-400 dispensers/A
sprayable CheckMate CM 2.0 Flowable 2.4-4.8 fl oz/A
NoMate CM MEC 1.34-2.68 fl oz/A
aerosol emitters CheckMate Puffer CM-O 1-2 puffer cabinets/A
Isomate CM Mist Plus 1-2 units/A
NoMate CM Smart Release 1-2 units/A 160 days
amorphous polymer SPLAT Cydia V2 750-2000 grams/A; for 1 kg as 400
matrix point sources, apply 2.5-gram
dollops; for 1 kg as 1,000 point
sources, apply 1-gram dollops
Oriental fruit moth (OFM) manual dispensers CheckMate OFM Dispenser 100-200 dispensers/A
only CideTrak OFM-L Meso 18-35 dispensers/A of one type 180 days
+ 100- 200 dispensers/A of other
type
Isomate M Rosso 100-200 dispensers/A
Isomate OFM TT 100 dispensers/A
NoMate OFM Spiral 100-400 dispensers/A

26
Table 1-7. Products for pheromone mating disruption of codling moth and oriental fruit moth (continued)
Target Type Product name Rate Duration
Oriental fruit moth (OFM) sprayable CheckMate OFM-F 1.32-2.93 fl oz/A
only aerosol emitters CheckMate Puffer OFM-O 1-2 puffer cabinets/A
continued
amorphous polymer SPLAT OFM 30M-1 400-1000 grams/A; for 1 kg as 400
matrix point sources, apply 2.5-gram
(1/2 teaspoon) dollops; for 1 kg as
1,000 point sources, apply 1-gram
(1/4 teaspoon) dollops
Both CM and OFM manual dispensers CideTrak CM-OFM Combo 200-440 dispensers/A 120 days
CideTrak CMDA+OFM Meso 30-38 dispensers/A 150-180 days
Isomate CM/OFM TT 200 dispensers/A
aerosol emitters CheckMate Puffer CM-OFM Pro 1-2 puffer cabinets/A
Isomate CM/OFM Mist Plus 1-2 units/A

Apple Petal Fall – Diseases trol of scab provides collateral control of bitter and
summer rot, and saves on applications of captan.
7-10 days after bloom.
• Excalia may not be applied after petal fall.
Notes on disease management
• Be aware that captan products may pose a risk of
• Bitter rot and summer rots: Rot control begins phytotoxicity in complex tank mixes at this stage.
now for best results. Applying mancozeb at this
time using the label’s extended program for con- • Fire blight: Continue antibiotic sprays on suscepti-
ble varieties until all petals have fallen.

Table 1-8. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – petal fall1
Product and formulation FRAC fire powdery summer REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot blight mildew rust scab rot PHI4 Max app6
Agri-Mycin 17 25 x 24-48 oz x x x x 12h NA
streptomycin sulfate x G [r] x x x x 50d NA
Apogee (27.5W) PGR x 9-36 oz x x x x 12h 99 oz
prohexadione calcium x E x x x x 45d NA
Aprovia (EC) 7 5.5-7 fl oz x 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 12h 27.6 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr G-E x F u E-G F 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG M 2.5-5 lb x 2.5-5 lb x 5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan E x i x G E 0d NA
Cevya 3 x x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole x x G-E E E F-G 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x 5.5-7.5 lb x x 1-2.5 lb x 12hr NA
copper sulfate x F-G x x F-G x NA NA
Excalia (2.84 SC) 7 3-4 fl oz x 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz x 12h 8 fl oz
inpyrfluxam u x E-G u E x PF 2
Ferbam Granuflo (76 WDG) M3 3.5 lb x x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam F x x G F G NA 3
(Continued)

27
Table 1-8. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – petal fall1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC fire powdery summer REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot blight mildew rust scab rot PHI4 Max app6
Flint Extra 11 2.9 fl oz x 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.9 fl oz 12h 10.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
trifloxystrobin G x G [r] F E [r] G 14d NA
Fontelis (1.67 SC) 7 x x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x G E E u 28d NA
Indar 2F 3 x x 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
fenbuconazole x x E [r] E E [r] x 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x x 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12 fl oz x 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x x F E E x 28d NA
Kasumin 2L 24 x 64 fl oz x x x x 12h 256 fl oz
kasugamycin x G x x x x 90d 4
Kenja 400SC 7 x x 12.5 oz x 12.5 oz x 12h NA
isofetamid x x s x F x 20d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x x 2.4-6.8 x 4-6.8 fl oz x NA NA
fl oz
fluopyram x x G x G-E x NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 4-5.8 fl oz x 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E x G [r] F E [r] E 14d 4
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 11.2-16 fl x 11.2-16 fl x 12h 54.7 fl oz
oz oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x x G x E x 72d NA
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz x 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E x G s E E 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M x x 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb x 24h NA
sulfur x x G x i-F x 0d NA
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 3.4 fl oz x 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen s-F x G G E s 30d 4
Mycoshield 41 x 1 lb x x x x 12h 9 lb
oxytetracyline x G x x x x 60d 6
Omega 500F 29 13.8 fl oz x x 13.8 fl oz 10-13.8 13.8 fl oz 12h 138 fl oz
fl oz
fluazinam F x x s-G G s-G 28d 10
OSO 5% 19 x x 3.75-13 x 3.75-13 x 4h 78 oz
fl oz fl oz
polyoxin D x x F x F x 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 14.5-18.5 x 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 12h 74 oz
oz oz oz fl oz oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid F-E x E [r] E E [r] E 0d 4
Procure 480 SC 3 x x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz x 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole x x E [r] E [r] G [r] x 14d NA
(Continued)

28
Table 1-8. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – petal fall1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC fire powdery summer REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot blight mildew rust scab rot PHI4 Max app6
Rally 40WSP 3 x x 5-10 oz 5-8 oz 5-8 oz x 24h 5 lb
myclobutanil x x E [r] F E-G[r] x 14d NA
Roper DF Rainshield M 3 lb x 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 3 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb see note x i G G see note 77d 6
above above
Scala (SC) 9 x x x x 7-10 fl oz x 12h 40 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x x x G-E x 72d NA
Sercadis 7 x x 3.5-4.5 4.5 fl oz 3.5-4.5 4.5 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluxapyroxad x x G s G-E F 0d 4
Sovran (50WG) 11 x x 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 3.2-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 12h 25.6 oz
fl oz
kresoxim-methyl x x G [r] E E [r] G 30d 4
Topguard Specialty Crops (SC) 3 13 fl oz x 8-12 fl oz 8-12 fl oz 13 fl oz 13 fl oz 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol u x E E G u 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 x x 0.75-1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl x x G [r] x i G 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x 6.8 oz x x x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x x E x x x 14d 1
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x x x x 5 oz x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x x x G x 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 6 lb x x 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram G x x G G i 14d 7
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Apple Petal Fall – Insects • European red mite: If not managed pre-bloom, it
can be managed at petal fall or later; see products
Notes on insect pest management listed at green tip (pages 17-19).
• The pyrethroids Asana, Baythroid, Danitol, Mus- • Although Sevin is listed (page 31) for plum curculio
tang Maxx, Permethrin, Proaxis, and Warrior are control, there is a risk of fruit thinning when used
labeled for control of plum curculio, oriental fruit within 30 days of bloom.
moth and leafrollers. However, pyrethroids are
not recommended at this stage, because they kill
predatory mites that feed on European red mite
and two-spotted spider mite, thereby triggering
outbreaks of these pest mites.
• Use insecticides only after petal fall is complete to
avoid killing bees and other pollinators.
• Rosy apple aphid is best treated at pink, but there
is some chance to control it at petal fall if infesta-
tions develop.

29
Table 1-9. Insecticides for control of apple insects – petal fall1
Product and formulation IRAC oriental fruit REI3 Max amt 5
Active ingredient code2 moth plum curculio PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x 4.5-5.5 oz 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam x G 21d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 28 2.5-4.5 oz x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole E x 5d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 101.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate E G 21d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 5-8 oz 8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid E G 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 5-6 oz 5-6 oz 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb G G 14d 4
Azera 0.21EC 3A 5-6 oz x 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins x x 0d 10
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2-2.4 fl oz 2.4-2.8 fl oz 12h 2.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E G 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin G G 7d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin E G 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 4.5-7 oz x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram E x 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A 0.9-1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin u u 21d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 6-10 fl oz x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad F x 7d 4
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 10-17 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole E G 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B 2.1-5.75 lb 2.1-5.7 lb 4 or 7d 15.5 lb
phosmet E G 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 12-16 fl oz x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide G x 14d NA
Madex HP 31 0.5-3 fl oz x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus G x 0d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin E G 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 4-16 fl oz x 12h NA
azadirachtin F x 0d NA
Permethrin 25W (RUP) 3A x 6.4-16 oz 12h 32 oz
permethrin x G See label NA
Permethrin 3.2EC (RUP) 3A x 4-16 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
permethrin x G See label NA
(Continued)

30
Table 1-9. Insecticides for control of apple insects – petal fall1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC oriental fruit REI3 Max amt 5
Active ingredient code2 moth plum curculio PHI4 Max app6
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin G G 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 6 4.8 fl oz x 12 or 48h 14.4 oz
emamectin benzoate F x 14d NA
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20-40 fl oz x 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron G x 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus 1A x 1.5-3 qt 12h 15 qt
carbaryl x G 3d 8
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole E G 7d 3
Virosoft CP4 31 1.6-3.2 fl oz x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus F x 0d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin E E 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Apple Petal Fall

Pest/Problem Material Rate/Acre Comments
For thinning summer varieties See Chemical Thinning of Apples, page 44.
nutrient level Solubor (boron) May add to pesticide spray solutions, but check
2 lb
AND/OR for compatibility, order of mixing, etc. Solubor helps
prevent cork spot; see page 49 for more information.
feed-grade urea 8 lb

Apple First and Second Cover • For early apples (e.g., Lodi, Pristine, Yellow Trans-
parent, Zestar) be aware that Luna Tranquility
7-10 days after petal fall and 7-10 days later. and Mancozeb and have PHIs of 72 and 77 days,
Cork spot, bitter pit, Jonathan spot respectively. Fontelis, Inspire Super and Omega
• Calcium chloride is best applied dilute at 8 lb/A have 28d PHI; Aprovia, Miravis and Sovran have a
dry formulation (1.5-2 lb per 100 gal) in the first or 30d PHI.
second cover. Do not reapply anytime during the • The addition of a spreader or penetrating adjuvant
growing season if rain has not washed off residue such as organo-silicon blends with either non-ion-
from previous spray. ic surfactants (NIS) or vegetable oils (COC; not
• Do not exceed 4 pounds per acre for low volume mineral); or NIS with 90% concentration is recom-
spray. See Cork Spot and Bitter Pit Management in mended with Aprovia. These include but are not
Apples, page 49. limited to Widespread Max or Bond.
Excess crop: see Chemical Thinning of Apples, page • The addition of LI-700 has been found to improve
44. the efficacy of captan in areas where water has a
pH greater than 7.0.

Apple First and Second Cover – Diseases • Topsin-M 70WSB may cause scarf skin on Rome
apples if applied within a four-week period follow-
7-10 days after petal fall and 7-10 days later ing petal fall. Do not use for scab control. Excellent
Scab, fruit rots (for orchards with a history of fungi- for control of some fruit rots but is no longer effec-
cide resistance): tive against scab in commercial orchards.

31
Scab, rust, powdery mildew, fruit rots, sooty blotch, • Bitter rot and summer rots: Rot control begins
flyspeck (For orchards with minimal issues of fungicide now for best results. Applying mancozeb at this
resistance) time using the label’s extended program for con-
• For powdery mildew control after second cover, trol of scab provides collateral control of bitter and
make applications based on field history and or- summer rot, and saves on applications of captan.
chard scouting. Be aware of 77-day PHI for early apples.
• Do not apply Merivon with EC or oil-based products. Fungicide Resistance Management
Do not apply with captan.
• Rotate mode of action. Do not exceed two sequen-
• Wettable sulfur: Do not apply in hot weather tial applications of the same FRAC group. See
(above 80°F). Do not apply within two weeks of an comments on page 50.
oil spray or spreader-sticker. Can affect fruit finish
of Golden Delicious.

Table 1-10. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – first and second cover1
sooty
Product and formulation FRAC powdery blotch/ summer REI4 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot mildew rust scab fly speck rot PHI3 Max app6
Aprovia (EC) 7 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 12h 27.6 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr G-E F u F E-G F 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG M 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb x 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan E i x G G-E E 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole x G-E E G-E E F-G 0d NA
Excalia (2.84 SC) 7 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz x 12h 8 fl oz
inpyrfluxam u E-G u E-G u x PF 2
Ferbam Granuflo (76 WDG) M3 3.5 lb x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam F x G G F G NA 3
Flint Extra 11 2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.9 fl oz 12h 10.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
trifloxystrobin G G[r] F G[r] G G 14d NA
Fontelis (1.67 SC) 7 x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x 16-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x G E G x u 28d NA
Indar 2F 3 x 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
fenbuconazole x E[r] E E[r] G x 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12 fl oz x 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x F E F E x 28d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz x 12.5 fl oz x x 12h NA
isofetamid x s x s x x 20d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x 2.4-6.8 x 2.4-6.8 6.8 fl oz x NA NA
fl oz fl oz
fluopyram x G x G F-G x NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 4-5.8 fl oz 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E G[r] F G[r] G-E E 14d 4
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x 11.2-16 x 11.2-16 x x 12h 54.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x G x G x x 72d NA
(Continued)

32
Table 1-10. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – first and second cover1 (continued)
sooty
Product and formulation FRAC powdery blotch/ summer REI4 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot mildew rust scab fly speck rot PHI3 Max app6
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E G s G E E 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M x 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb x x 24h NA
sulfur x G x F-i x x 0d NA
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen s-F G G G G s 30d 4
Omega 500F 29 13.8 fl oz x 13.8 fl oz 13.8 fl oz 10-13.8 13.8 fl oz 12h 138 fl oz
fl oz
fluazinam F x s[G] s[G] F s-G 28d 10
OSO 5% 19 x 3.75-13 x 3.75-13 x x 4h 4.2 oz
fl oz fl oz
polyoxin D x F x F x x 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 12h 74 oz
oz oz oz oz oz oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid F-E E[r] E E[r] E E 0d 4
Procure 480 SC 3 x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz x x 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole x E[r] E[r] E[r] x x 14d NA
Rally 40WSP 3 x 5-10 oz 5-8 oz 5-10 oz x x 24h 5 lb
myclobutanil x E[r] F E[r] x x 14d NA
Roper DF rainshield M 3 lb 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb x 3 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb see note i G G x see note 77d 6
above above
Sercadis 7 x 3.5-4.5 4.5 fl oz 3.5-4.5 4.5 fl oz 4.5 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluxapyroxad x G s F F F 0d 4
Sovran (50WG) 11 x 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 4-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 12h 25.6 oz
fl oz
kresoxim-methyl x G[r] E G[r] G G 30d 4
Topguard Specialty Crops (SC) 3 13 fl oz 8-12 fl oz 8-12 fl oz 8-12 fl oz x 13 fl oz 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol u E E E[r] x u 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 x 0.75-1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl x G[r] x G[r] G-E G 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x 6.8 oz x x x x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x E x x x x 14d 1
Ziram 76DF M3 6 lb x 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram G x G G G i 14d 7

33
Apple First and Second Cover – Insects San Jose scale “crawlers”
7-10 days after petal fall and 7-10 days later. • May be present by second or third cover. Esteem
35W controls scale anytime between half-inch
• Although Sevin is listed for control of several pests, green and third cover. The minimum rate of Es-
be aware of a risk of fruit thinning when Sevin is teem is effective when used pre-bloom, but use
used within 30 days of bloom. the maximum rate if application is delayed until the
crawler stage in early summer. One application is
Codling moth sufficient for Esteem, but for other products, use
• Initiate codling moth control at first or second cov- two applications, 10 days apart
er based on timing of capture in pheromone traps.
Insecticide timing ranges from 50-250 degree days Potato leafhopper
after trap-based biofix as shown in table below. • Effectiveness of products for leafhopper control
• See Mating Disruption for Codling Moth Control, are shown in the table for minor pests on pages
pages 26-27. 55-58.
• Virus products (Cyd-X, Virosoft, Madex) are for
codling moth. Apply virus products at weekly
intervals.

Timing of first insecticide spray for codling moth

control on apple and pear1
Degree-days (base 50ºF) after
biofix2 Insecticide Products
50-75 Dimilin, Rimon
100-200 Intrepid, Confirm
150-250 Altacor, Assail, Belay, Delegate, Exirel
250 Imidan, Avaunt pyrethroids (Asana,
Baythroid, Danitol, Mustang Maxx,
Proaxis, Warrior) Virus (Cyd-X, Virosoft
CP4)
A second spray should be made 10-14 days later.
1

2
Biofix is defined as the date on which pheromone traps detect sustained flight of
moths.

34
Table 1-11. Insecticides for control of apple insects – first and second cover1
Product and formulation IRAC codling oriental plum San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 moth fruit moth curculio scale PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x 4.5-5.5 oz x 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam x x G x 21d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 28 2.5-4.5 oz 2.5-4.5 oz x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole E E x x 5d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 101.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate E E G i 21d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 4-8 oz 5-8 oz 8 oz 8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid E E G s 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 5-6 oz 5-6 oz 5-6 oz x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb F G G x 14d 4
Azera 0.21EC 3A x 5-6 oz x x 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins x x x x 0d 10
Dipel 11A 0.5-2 lb x x x NA NA
B.t. kurstaki F x x x NA NA
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2-2.4 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 2.4-2.8 fl oz 2.4-2.8 fl oz 12h 2.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E E G G 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin G G G G 7d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x x x 34.5 oz 12h 34.5 oz
buprofezin x x x E 14d 1
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x x x 5.75 fl oz 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor x x x s 7d 4
Confirm 2F 18 20 fl oz x x x 4h 120 fl oz
tebufenozide F x x x 14d NA
Cyd-X HP 0 0.5-3 fl oz x x x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus F x x x 0d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz x 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin E E G x 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 4.5-7 oz 4.5-7 oz s x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram E E s x 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A 0.9-1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin u u u u 21d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 6-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz x x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad G F x x 7d 4
Esteem 35WP 7C 4-5 oz x x 4-5 oz 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen F x x E 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 8.5-17 fl oz 10-17 fl oz 13.5-20.5 x 12h 61.5 fl oz
fl oz
cyantraniliprole E E G x 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B 2.1-5.75 lb 2.1-5.75 lb 2.1-5.7 lb 2.1-5.75 lb 4 or 7d 15.5 lb
phosmet G E G F 7d NA
(Continued)

35
Table 1-11. Insecticides for control of apple insects – first and second cover1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC codling oriental plum San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 moth fruit moth curculio scale PHI4 Max app6
Intrepid 2F 18 16 fl oz 12-16 fl oz x x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide s G x x 14d NA
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) (RUP) 1A 3 pt x x x 3d 15 pt
methomyl G x x x 14d 5
Madex HP 31 0.5-3 fl oz 0.5-3 fl oz x x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus G G x x 0d NA
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz x x 6-9 fl oz 24h 25 fl oz
spirotetramat s x x G 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin E E G x 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 4-16 fl oz 4-16 fl oz x 7-16 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin F F i u 0d NA
Oil (superior) UN x x x see label NA NA
mineral oil x x x G NA NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin E G G i 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 6 4.8 oz 4.8 oz x x 12 or 48h 1.6 pt
emamectin benzoate F F x x 14d NA
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20-40 fl oz 20-40 fl oz x x 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron E G x x 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus 1A 1-3 qt x 1.5-3 qt 1.5-3 qt 12h 15 qt
carbaryl G x G F 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x x x 10.5-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x x x G 14d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole E E G x 7d 3
Virosoft CP4 31 1.6-3.2 fl oz 1.6-3.2 fl oz x x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus F F x x 0d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin E E E i 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Apple Third and Summer Covers – Diseases • Aprovia, Miravis and Sovran have a 30d PHI.
Third cover: 10 days after second cover. • ProPhyt plus captan has provided control of sooty
blotch and flyspeck equal to captan plus Topsin-M.
Apple summer cover sprays: Depending on rainfall,
apply at intervals of 10 to 14 days. • Captan 80WDG 4 lb plus the use of an acidifier
may be equally effective. Other formulations are
• Roper (mancozeb) has a 77-day PHI and should available, such as 4L and 50WP. See Use of Captan
not be used on early apples or after third cover. Fungicide on Tree Fruit-Restricted Entry Intervals
• Fontelis, Inspire Super and Omega have 28d PHI. (REI), page 50.

36
Table 1-12. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – third and summer cover1
sooty
Product and formulation FRAC powdery blotch/fly summer REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot mildew scab speck rot PHI4 Max app6
Aprovia (EC) 7 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 12h 27.6 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr G-E F E-G E-G F 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG M 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 5 lb 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan E i G G-E E 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole x G-E E E F-G 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x x 1-2.5 lb x x 12hr NA
copper sulfate x x F-G x x NA NA
Excalia (2.84 SC) 7 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz x 12h 8 fl oz
inpyrfluxam u E-G E u x PF 2
Ferbam Granuflo (76 WDG) M3 3.5 lb x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam F x F F G NA 3
Flint Extra 11 2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.9 fl oz 12h 10.5 fl oz
trifloxystrobin G G [r] E [r] G G 14d NA
Fontelis (1.67 SC) 7 x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x 16-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x G E x u 28d NA
Indar 2F 3 x 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
fenbuconazole x E [r] E [r] G x 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12 fl oz x 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x F E E x 28d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz 12.5 fl oz x x 12h NA
isofetamid x s F x x 20d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x 2.4-6.8 fl oz 4-6.8 fl oz 6.8 fl oz x NA NA
fluopyram x G G-E F-G x NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 4-5.8 fl oz 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E G [r] E [r] G-E E 14d 4
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x 11.2-16 fl oz 11.2-16 fl oz x x 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x G E x x 72d NA
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E G E E E 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M x 10-20 lb 10-20 lb x x 24h NA
sulfur x G i-F x x 0d NA
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen s-F G E G s 30d 4
Omega 500F 29 13.8 fl oz x 10-13.8 fl oz 10-13.8 fl oz 13.8 fl oz 12h 138 fl oz
fluazinam F x G F s-G 28d 10
OSO 5% 19 x 3.75-13 fl oz 3.75-13 fl oz x x 4h 78 oz
polyoxin D x F F x x 0d 6
(Continued)

37
Table 1-12. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases – third and summer cover1 (continued)
sooty
Product and formulation FRAC powdery blotch/fly summer REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot mildew scab speck rot PHI4 Max app6
Pristine 11+7 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 12h 74 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid F-E E [r] E [r] E E 0d 4
Procure 480 SC 3 x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz x x 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole x E [r] G [r] x x 14d NA
Rally 40WSP 3 x 5-10 oz 5-8 oz x x 24h 5 lb
myclobutanil x E [r] E-G[r] x x 14d NA
Roper DF Rainshield M 3 lb 6 lb 6 lb x 3 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb see note i G x see note 77d 6
above above
Sercadis 7 x 3.5-4.5 fl oz 3.5-4.5 fl oz 4.5 fl oz 4.5 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
fluxapyroxad x G G-E F F 0d 4
Sovran (50WG) 11 x 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 12h 25.6 oz
kresoxim-methyl x G [r] E [r] G G 30d 4
Topguard Specialty Crops (SC) 3 13 fl oz 8-12 fl oz 13 fl oz x 13 fl oz 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol u E G x u 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl x G [r] i G-E G 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x x 5 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x G x x 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 6 lb x 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram G x G G i 14d 7
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Apple Third and Summer Covers – Insects Japanese beetles

Third cover: 10 days after second cover. • Begin treatments as soon as observed. Multiple
applications may be necessary.
Apple summer cover sprays: Depending on rainfall,
apply at intervals of 10 (if rainy) to 14 days (if dry). Brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB)
Apple maggot flies • The products below may be needed despite their
• Flies begin emerging from the soil about mid-June. harm to beneficial arthropods that help control San
Monitor for the first appearance of flies each year Jose scale, woolly apple aphid, and mites.
by examining fruit and leaves in the center of trees • Baythroid XL 1EC, Belay 2.13SC, Danitol 2.4EC,
in detail, using yellow sticky board traps baited Mustang Maxx, Lannate SP, Lannate LV, and War-
with an attractant, hanging red or green spheres rior II are only labeled for general stink bug control,
coated with a sticky substance in trees, or combin- not specifically for brown marmorated stink bug.
ing all three methods. Continue applications until
late September or as long as flies are present. San Jose scale crawlers
• Crawlers may be present by second or third cover.
Codling moth The minimum rate of Esteem 35W is effective
• Timing for sprays depends on which insecticides when used pre-bloom, but use the maximum rate
will be used. See table on page 51 for target timing if application is delayed until the crawler stage in
for each product. early summer. One application is sufficient for Es-
teem, but for other products, use two applications,
10 days apart.

38
Table 1-13. Insecticides for control of apple insects – third and summer cover1
brown woolly
Product and formulation IRAC apple marm’d codling Japanese oriental San Jose apple REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 maggot stink bug moth beetle fruit moth scale aphid PHI4 Max app6
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 2.8 fl oz x x x x 2.8-8 fl oz 7-10.5 fl 12h 10.5 fl oz
oz
imidacloprid G x x x x F G 21d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 28 2.5-4.5 oz x 2.5-4.5 oz x 2.5-4.5 oz x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole s x E x E x x 5d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 x 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 x 12h 101.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
esfenvalerate G E E x E i x 21d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 8 oz x 4-8 oz 5-8 oz 5-8 oz 8 oz 2.5-4 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid G x E G E s F 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 5-6 oz x 5-6 oz x 5-6 oz x x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb F x F x G x x 14d 4
Azera 0.21EC 3A x 32 fl oz x 2-3.5 pt 32 fl oz x x 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins x u x G x x x 0d 10
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4-2.8 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz x 2-2.4 fl oz 2.4-2.8 fl oz x 12h 2.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin G E E x E G x 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 4-6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin G G G x G G u 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 x x x x x x 2-2.8 oz 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid x x x x x x F 21d 3
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x x x x x 34.5 oz x 12h 34.5 oz
buprofezin x x x x x E x 14d 1
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x x x x x 5.75 fl oz 2.75-5.57 12h 17 fl oz
fl oz
sulfoxaflor x x x x x s x 7d 4
Confirm 2F 18 x x 20 fl oz x x x x 4h 120 fl oz
tebufenozide x x F x x x x 14d NA
Cyd-X HP 0 x x 0.5-3 fl oz x x x x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella x x F x x x x 0d NA
granulovirus
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz x 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz x x 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin G x E E E x x 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 6-7 oz x 4.5-7 oz x 4.5-7 oz x x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram s x E x E x x 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A 0.9-1.9 fl oz 1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz x 0.9-1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz x 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin u u u x u u x 21d NA
Diazinon AG 600 (RUP) 1B x x x x x 12.75 fl 12.75 fl 4h 25.5 fl
oz/100 gal oz/100 oz
gal
diazinon x x x x x u u 21d 2
(Continued)

39
Table 1-13. Insecticides for control of apple insects – third and summer cover1 (continued)
brown woolly
Product and formulation IRAC apple marm’d codling Japanese oriental San Jose apple REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 maggot stink bug moth beetle fruit moth scale aphid PHI4 Max app6
Dipel 11A x x 0.5-2 lb x x x x NA NA
B.t. kurstaki x x F x x x x NA NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 6-10 fl oz x 6-10 fl oz x 6-10 fl oz x x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad s x G x F x x 7d 4
Esteem 35WP 7C x x 4-5 oz x x 4-5 oz x 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen x x F x x E x 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5-20.5 x 8.5-17 fl oz x 10-17 fl oz x x 12h 61.5 fl oz
fl oz
cyantraniliprole s x E x E x x 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B 2.1-5.75 lb x 2.1-5.75 lb 2.1-5.75 lb 2.1-5.75 lb 2.125-5.75 lb x 4 or 7d 15.5 lb
phosmet E x G G E F x 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x 16 fl oz x 12-16 fl oz x x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x s x G x x 14d NA
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) 1A x 1.5-3 pt 3 pt x x x x 3d 15 pt
(RUP)
methomyl x i G x x x x 14d 5
Madex HP 31 x x 0.5-3 fl oz x 0.5-3 fl oz x x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella x x G x G x x 0d NA
granulovirus
Movento (2SC) 23 x x 6-9 fl oz x x 6-9 fl oz 6-9 fl oz 24h 25 fl oz
spirotetramat x x s x x G G 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) 3A 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz x x 12h 24 fl oz
(RUP)
zeta-cypermethrin G E E E E x x 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN x 7-16 fl oz 4-16 fl oz 4-16 fl oz 4-16 fl oz 7-16 fl oz 5-7 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin x u F F F u u 0d NA
Oil (superior) UN x x x x x see label x NA NA
mineral oil x x x x x G x NA NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz x 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin G E E E G i x 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 6 x x 4.8 oz x 4.8 oz x x 12 or 14.4 oz
48h
emamectin benzoate x x F x F x x 14d NA
Rimon 0.83EC 15 x 20-30 fl oz 20-40 fl oz x 20-40 fl oz x x 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron x i E x G x x 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus 1A 1.5-3 qt x 1-3 qt 1.5-3 qt x 1.5-3 qt 1.5-3 qt 12h 15 qt
carbaryl G x G E x F i 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x x x x x 10.5-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x x x x x G s 14d NA
(Continued)

40
Table 1-13. Insecticides for control of apple insects – third and summer cover1 (continued)
brown woolly
Product and formulation IRAC apple marm’d codling Japanese oriental San Jose apple REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 maggot stink bug moth beetle fruit moth scale aphid PHI4 Max app6
Surround WP (95WP) UN x x x 25-50 lb x x x 4h NA
kaolin x x x s x x x 0d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz x 5.5-11 fl oz x x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole x s E x E x x 7d 3
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 9D x x x x x x 3.5 fl oz 12h 7 fl oz
afidopyropen x x x x x x s 7d NA
Virosoft CP4 31 x x 1.6-3.2 fl oz x 1.6-3.2 fl oz x x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella x x F x F x x 0d NA
granulovirus
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 1A x 1.5-4 pt x x x x x 48h 8 pt
oxamyl x i x x x x x 14d 4
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz x 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin F E E E E i x 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label

Special Problems and Pests of Apple

For more detailed information about disease and
insect control and integrated pest management (IPM),
consult the Midwest Tree Fruit Pest Management
Handbook and use it in conjunction with this guide.
Contact your state’s Cooperative Extension service to
get a copy.

41
Horticultural Management varieties do not develop red color during hot weather
with or without ethephon. Ethephon speeds up ripen-
Special notes for growth regulator use in ing. Do not use ethephon on Golden Delicious.
apples Add a fruit drop inhibitor to control pre-harvest drop of
the fruit. You can add napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to
Edited by John Strang, Elizabeth Wahle, and Daniel Becker
the same spray as ethephon. NAA is effective for 7 to
10 days, and a second application might be necessary
Blush on apples if harvest is delayed.
Blush and Blush 2x contain 5.25% and 10% Prohy- No spreader-sticker is necessary. Ethephon does not
drojasmon propyl-3-oxo-2-pentylcyclo-pentylacetate, overcome poor management practices. Trees of mod-
respectively. Blush is used to promote early color erate vigor, well-pruned, and thoroughly sprayed,
change in red apples that have difficulty developing respond most favorably with well-colored fruit of uni-
color. Effectiveness depends on cultivar and environ- form maturity. For dense trees, harvest outer fruit first
mental conditions. Cultivars or strains in environments and then apply ethephon. Harvest at proper maturity;
where color development is normally satisfactory may do not delay harvest to obtain additional red color-
not develop significant additional red color. ation. Treat only the acreage that you can harvest and
Make 1-2 applications of Blush at 26-52 fl. oz. or Blush market in a timely manner. You should promptly mar-
2X at 13-52 fl. oz. per acre per year at 7-14 day intervals, ket fruit treated with ethephon because it may have
7-42 days prior to anticipated harvest. Use the higher short shelf life.
rate if environmental conditions are not as favorable
for color development. Avoid applications during Increasing early bearing on young trees
the hottest part of the day. Apply under slow-drying
conditions in early morning or at night. Do not apply To increase fruit bud development on young, nonbear-
to stressed or injured trees. ing trees, apply a foliar spray of Ethephon 2 two to four
weeks after full bloom. Spray trees thoroughly almost
to runoff at 2-8 pt per acre.
Ethephon on apples
Ethephon, which is available as a 21.3% formulation of Increasing flower bud development on bearing
2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel, or Motivate), may:
trees
1. Promote early color development and maturity.
Delay treatment until after June drop and six weeks
2.  Loosen fruit for easier harvesting by hand or following full bloom to help prevent fruit thinning. Ap-
machine. ply 0.5-3 pt per acre. Yield and fruit size reduction may
3.  Increase fruit bud formation and early bearing on occur; however, flowering should increase the follow-
young trees. ing spring.
4. Promote fruit thinning and return bloom. Do not use on low vigor trees, as excessive growth
5.  Cause premature fruit drop, particularly on spur- reduction may occur.
type trees.
Stop-drop sprays
Promoting early color development If used properly, stop-drop sprays of napthaleneacetic
and maturity acid (NAA) can significantly reduce pre-harvest apple
drop. Use knowledge of orchard conditions when
To increase red coloration and early maturity, apply applying stop-drop sprays, and keep notes on the
Ethephon 2 14 to 21 days prior to anticipated harvest responses in your orchard.
and 1-2 weeks before the preferred harvest time at 1-4
pt per acre for early to mid-season maturing varieties
and 2-4 pt per acre for later maturing (maturing after Concentration and timing of stop-drop application
McIntosh) varieties. Apply in a dilute spray with plenty Application Time NAA Concentration
of water to ensure thorough coverage.
Variety Before Picking (days) (ppm)
Color development should be apparent in about 7 Red Delicious 7-10 10-15
days. Ethephon 2 is most effective under weather con-
Jonathan 7-10 10
ditions that favor color development.
Golden Delicious 7 10
Do not apply ethephon during hot weather or when
hot weather is forecasted in the next 14 days. Apply Rome Beauty 7 10
ethephon between 60°F and 90°F. Most red apple Winesap 7 15

42
Apply NAA (Fruitone N, Amid-Thin W, K-salt Fruit Dilute ReTain in at least 100 gal of water per acre. Best
Fix 800, K-salt Fruit Fix 200, and PoMaxa) before the results are obtained when applied under slow drying
beginning of fruit drop (7 to 14 days before harvest) at conditions in the morning or evening.
the rate of 5 ppm for summer varieties and 10 ppm for Thorough wetting and coverage are essential for
late varieties. This application should normally prevent optimum effectiveness. Although ReTain seems to be
fruit drop for 7 to 10 days. compatible with other materials, it should only be
Make a second NAA application within 7 to 10 days of applied with other products if compatibility has been
the first application if fruits were not harvested. Do not verified. Do not apply if rain is expected within eight
exceed two NAA applications. Do not apply within two hours of application.
days of harvest. NAA works best as a dilute spray. Additives. Include a 100% organosilicone surfactant at
Using NAA too early, or in greater than recommended 0.05 to 0.1 percent (v/v) (e.g., Widespread Max).
concentrations, may accelerate fruit maturity and de-
crease storage life. Apply stop-drop sprays at concen- For increasing fruit set
trations no higher than 3x. You may apply stop-drop
sprays with pesticides. Do not use stop-drop sprays on ReTain is labeled to increase fruit set on apples, Euro-
trees in low states of vigor; healthy leaves are essential pean pears, peaches, and cherries. Make a single ap-
for these sprays to be effective. plication from pink to full bloom on apple, from white
bud to full bloom on pear, and from balloon stage to
first bloom on cherries. Never apply ReTain earlier or
ReTain later than these stages.
For harvest management Comments. ReTain is expensive; therefore, use it only
on high-value, productive blocks with good fruit qual-
ReTain is labeled on apple, pear, peach, nectarine,
ity. Store treated fruit separately. Do not use an adju-
plum, prune, and apricot. The active ingredient in
vant for bloom applications. Do not apply more than
ReTain is aminotheoxy-vinylglycine (AVG), a natural
two pouches of ReTain per acre per year.
inhibitor of ethylene synthesis. Ripening fruit normally
produces ethylene gas, which promotes further ripen-
ing and pre-harvest drop in some varieties. After treat- ProVide 10SG on apples
ment with ReTain, fruit produce less ethylene, which
slows the ripening process and reduces pre-harvest Russeting
drop. Applying ProVide, a mixture of gibberellins A4 and A7,
Growers who have large plantings of a variety may reduces (but does not eliminate) russeting on Golden
consider applying ReTain to some of the planting as Delicious.
a harvest management tool to allow a later harvest of Apply ProVide two to four times with the first spray
treated trees. beginning at petal fall and continuing at 7- to 10-day
Timing. Best results are obtained when ReTain is intervals. The rate is 2.1 to 3.5 oz (60-100) grams of
applied before the first visible signs of ripening. Re- ProVide applied in 100 gal of solution per application
search has shown that ReTain should be applied four per acre. Spray additives are not required and have the
weeks before the optimum harvest date on apples and potential to cause russeting.
one or two weeks before the anticipated beginning of Under conditions of high humidity and rain, you will
the normal harvest period for untreated fruit for other obtain best russet control with four 3.5 oz (100-gram)
fruit types. Do not apply ReTain to plants of fruit under per-acre applications. Do not use excessive spray
stress from heat, water, disease of insects as these volumes, because excess moisture can induce russet.
plants may not respond to Retain. The PHI for ReTain Direct 85 percent of the spray volume to the upper
is 7 days. two-thirds of the tree.
Application rate. Apply ReTain as a single or double
application. The label rate is one pouch (11.7 oz) or two Stayman cracking
pouches per acre. For apples apply one pouch per Start applying ProVide 10SG three to six weeks before
acre 28 days prior to the anticipated beginning of the cracking begins (normally by mid-June to mid-July).
normal harvest period for untreated fruit. A second Apply three to six consecutive sprays at 14- to 21-day
application may be made to enhance the effects of Re- intervals at an application rate of 1.8-3.5 oz (50-100
Tain. Apply one pouch of ReTain per acre 14 to 21 days grams) of ProVide per 50 gal per half acre, per applica-
after the first application, but not less than 7 days be- tion. The use of a nonionic surfactant enhances spray
fore harvest. The second application helps fruit retain coverage and improves absorption for cracking sup-
their firmness during storage. Maintain spray solution pression. Do not use ProVide for cracking suppression
pH between 6 and 8.

43
if ProVide has been used in the same season on the
same fruit for russet suppression. (REI is 4 hours.)
Chemical thinning of apples
Because weather changes influence cracking, and be- Chemical sprays can reduce fruit set on apples and
cause cracking can occur over extended periods, mul- promote larger fruit size at harvest and increase return
tiple applications have given the best response. Apply bloom. These have become standard practices in most
ProVide early in the morning or late in the evening commercial orchards. Proper use is vital to the success
under slow drying conditions to maximize absorption. of chemical thinning.
NAA (naphthalene acetic acid), NAD (naphthalene
Promalin on apples acetamide), Sevin (1-naphthyl-N-methyl-carbamate),
Promalin contains 1.8% N-(phenylmethyl)-1H-purine and MaxCel (6-benzyladenine) are suggested.
6-amine and 1.8 percent gibberellins A4 and A7. A Apply NAA to fall and winter varieties when king fruit
single application to Delicious from early king bloom are 11 to 13 mm in diameter. Sevin is more effective
to the early stages of petal fall of the side blossoms than NAA for fruit larger than 13 mm. Sevin gives
elongate the fruit and encourages the development of uniform results from petal fall to 21 days later. NAD is
more prominent calyx lobes. most effective when applied from late bloom to petal
The application rate is 1 to 2 pt in 75 to 200 gal of spray fall. NAD is milder than NAA and is less likely to cause
mixture per acre. If the bloom period is prolonged, two over-thinning.
lower rate applications provide better results. Make You can combine NAA and Sevin, and apply it on fall
the first application of 0.5 to 1 pt of Promalin per acre and winter varieties when king fruit are 11 to 13 mm in
at the beginning of the bloom period as above. Make diameter, and on summer varieties (Wealthy and Earli-
the second application of 0.5 to 1 pt of Promalin per blaze) at petal fall.
acre three to 21 days later when the remainder of the
Applying NAA to early summer varieties may result in
canopy comes into bloom.
excessive foliage injury, fruit cracking, and premature
Do not exceed 2 pt per acre for the combined sprays. ripening.
Do not apply Promalin when air temperatures are be-
In the warmer parts of the Midwest, concentrations of
low freezing or higher than 90°F.
NAA that successfully thin frequently cause pygmy ap-
ples on spur-type Red Delicious. These small seedless
Promalin for branching apples persist through harvest and are a nuisance.
Promalin may be used as a single application alone or Sevin is preferred for thinning spur-type Red Delicious.
in a Promalin-latex paint spot application to apples, In some experiments, Sevin has over-thinned Rome
non-bearing pears, and non-bearing sweet cherries. and Gallia Beauty, so do not use it on these varieties.
This treatment increases lateral bud break and shoot NAA is not successful in thinning Fuji, as this often re-
growth and improves branch angles to produce a sults in pygmy apples. Honeycrisp is easy to overthin,
stronger, better-shaped tree for early production. You so you should use combinations.
must apply to non-bearing pear and sweet cherry one You can avoid the variability of results and excessive
year before harvest. foliage injury often experienced with NAA by using it
You can make foliar Promalin applications on bear- at one-third and one-half of the rates recommended
ing and nursery apples and non-bearing pears at 1-3 on the label in combination with 0.75 pt of Tween 20
inches of new terminal growth. The applications rate is (also sold as Scattics, Akest TW 20) per 100 gal
125-500 ppm (0.25-1 pt of Promalin per 5 gal of spray Adding Tween 20 increases the rate of foliar absorp-
solution). On apple, non-bearing pears, and non-bear- tion and decreases the effects of seasonal factors,
ing sweet cherries, you may treat trees when they have such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind, on
reached a terminal height at which lateral branching the drying rate and amount of material entering the
is desired. For this treatment, apply Promalin at 250- leaf. Eliminating foliage wilting and tree “shock” results
1,000 ppm (0.5-2 pt) per 5 gal of spray solution. in better fruit size at harvest than the same amount
You must make Promalin-latex paint applications of fruit thinning obtained by the full dosage of NAA
before bud break or you may injure new shoot tips, alone.
causing shoot growth failure. Apply uniformly to cover Wetting agents that have been used successfully in
the bark surface with a brush or sponge only on one- tests in Illinois and Indiana include Regulaid and Nu
year-old wood. The application rate is 5,000 to 7,500 Film 17.
ppm (0.2-0.33 pt or 3.2-5.3 fl oz) of Promalin per pint of
latex paint.

44
MaxCel, Rite Way, Exilis 9.5 SC, Exilis Plus for Concentrate chemical thinner sprays have been satis-
factory. Calibration allows the right amount of material
thinning to reach all parts of the tree and row. Avoid double ap-
Apply 75 to 200 ppm in spray volumes of a minimum plications to row ends, etc. Miscalibrating the sprayer
of 100 gal per acre. Use a sufficient volume to ensure manifold is magnified in concentrate application. Con-
complete coverage. In most cases, 100 gal per acre is centrating more than 4x has provided variable results,
adequate. and should be avoided.
Apply when the average king fruitlets on apples and Applying chemical thinning sprays after frost or freez-
pears are 5 to 15 mm in diameter. Only two applica- ing temperatures is risky. Foliage exposed to such
tions are allowed per season. Do not exceed 308 fl oz conditions absorbs chemicals more readily, and
(182 grams 6-BA) of MaxCel or RiteWay, 61.6 fl oz Exilis over-thinning may result. If you must spray under such
9.5 SC or 296 fl oz of Exilis Plus per acre per season for conditions, reduce the concentration 25 to 30 percent.
all uses. MaxCell works best at a water pH of 5-7 and Chemical thinners are generally more effective under
the pH should not exceed 8.5. Do not apply within 86 the following conditions:
days of harvest. Do not add surfactant to tank.
1. Low vigor trees
Applications are most effective when the maximum
2. Light pruning
temperature is above 65°F on the day of application
and the following two to three days. Apply under slow 3. Heavy bloom
drying conditions in the morning or evening to en- 4. Poor pollination
hance uptake. If applied in the morning, wait until most 5. High humidity before spraying
of the dew has dried off. Generally, one application is
sufficient. 6. Slow drying of spray
Do not tank mix these materials with products that 7. Poor air drainage
contain NAA and use on varieties that are susceptible 8. Cloudy, cool weather preceding or following the
to producing pigmy fruit when treated with NAA (es- bloom period
pecially Red Delicious and Fuji). Keep records of the prevailing conditions when you
make applications and leave several trees unsprayed
Fuji thinning to evaluate the results of thinning. This allows you
Fuji has been notoriously difficult to thin in the past. to work out the concentrations best suited for your
On young trees MaxCel at 100 ppm (2 qt) + 1 qt Sevin orchard.
XLR per 100 gal has worked well.
There are two options on mature trees with a heavy Defruiting young apple trees
set: It is often desirable to remove all the fruit from young
1. 150 ppm (3 qt) MaxCel + 1 qt Sevin XLR trees when they have not reached a profitable bear-
ing size. NAA at 15 ppm + Sevin XLR at 1 qt/100 gal
2. If captan has not been used prior to this during applied at petal fall effectively defruits Jonathan, Red
the current season: 100 ppm (2 qt) MaxCel + 1 qt Delicious, and McIntosh. For other cultivars, use NAA
Sevin XLR + 1 qt horticultural spray oil per 100 gal. at the recommended rate + Sevin XLR at 1 qt/100 gal
These sprays may not completely defruit the trees, but
Important reminders about chemical thinning higher NAA rates may cause leaf damage.
NAA generally gives best results under fast drying
conditions and when the temperature is between 70°F Promoting return bloom
and 75°F. Amid-Thin gives best results under slow dry- NAA may be used to promote return bloom for the
ing conditions and is often applied in the evening. following season in young trees that are not initiat-
Thorough spraying and uniform coverage are neces- ing enough flower buds and on older trees prone to
sary for satisfactory results. However, to reduce the biennial bearing that produce few flowers in off years
degree of thinning or avoid over-thinning, reduce the such as Fuji, Jonagold, Mutsu, Braeburn and Golden
concentration (but not amount) per tree. Delicious. An application at a spray concentration of
Lower limbs are easier to thin. Reduce spray applica- 3 to 5 ppm five to six weeks after full bloom in enough
tion on lower limbs by shutting off one or more nozzles. water to provide good coverage will increase bloom
the following season. An additional one to two applica-
Some spray applied to the tree tops will fall on lower
tions at 7- to 10-day intervals may be used for certain
limbs.
varieties that do not respond sufficiently based on
previous experience.

45
Recommended chemical thinners for apple1
NAD2,3 NAA2,4 NAA2 +WA5 Sevin XLR Plus2,6,7 Combinations2,3,7,8
Cultivars (PPM) (PPM) (PPM) (qt/100 gal) MaxCel2,8 (PPM + qt./100 gal)
Summer Varieties 35-50 E NAA 5-10 + Sevin 1/2-1
Paulared 5-10 3-5 1/2-1 M
Gala 5-10 3-5 1/2-1 M
Jonamac 5-10 3-5 1/2-1 M
McIntosh 35-50 7 1/2-12 3-5 1/4-1/2 E
Jonathan 35-50 7 1/2-12 3-5 1/4-1/2 E
Spartan 10-15 5-7 1/2 1/2-1 ?
Cortland 35-50 7 1/2-12 3-5 1/4 E
Grimes Golden 35-50 5-10 5-7 1/2 ? NAD 25-50 + Sevin 1/2-1
Red Delicious/non-
5-10 3-5 1/2-1 E
spur
Red Delicious/spur 5-10 5-7 1/2 1/2-1 M
Honeycrisp 3-5 1/4-1/2 ? N.R.9
Empire 10-15 5-7 1/2 1/2-1 E
Golden Delicious 10-20 5-10 1/2-1 M NAA 5-10 + Sevin 1/2-1
Blushing Golden 1/4-1/2 ?
Firmgold 1/4-1/2 ?
Idared 1/2-1 E
Winesap 35-50 7 1/2-10 3-5 1/2-1 E
Stayman and Turley 35-50 7 1/2-10 3-5 1/2-1 M
Braeburn 7 1/2 7 1/2 NAA 7 1/2 + Sevin 1
Rome 50-60 15-20 7 1/2-10 N.R. 9
E
Fuji8 N.R.9 H MaxCel 150 ppm + Sevin 1
1
Thinning Strategies for 2022 by Anna Wallis, Philip Schwallier, and Amy Irish-Brown. Available online at: https://www.canr.msu.edu/apples/uploads/files/Thinning%20Guide%20
2022%20updated.pdf
2
Lower concentrations suggested when conditions are favorable for thinning.
3
Apply NAD (Amid-Thin) from late bloom to petal fall.
4
Apply NAA, Sevin, or combinations to fall and winter varieties when king fruits are 11-13 mm in diameter. On summer varieties (such as Wealthy and Earliblaze) apply the
combination at petal fall.
5
WA = wetting agent: Regulaid at 0.5 pt per 100 gal.
6
Adding NAA at 2.5-4 ppm to Sevin stimulates the initiation of fruit buds for return bloom. This low-NAA rate should not thin fruit or cause pygmy apples on Red Delicious.
7
The Sevin XLR Plus formulation is most commonly used for thinning and is the only formulation labeled for early use (80% petal fall to 6 mm fruit diameter). Reduce spray
application to lower portion of tree to avoid overthinning. Consult the label if you use other Sevin formulations.
8
Variety ease of thinning with MaxCel: E = easy. M = moderate. H = hard. See MaxCel Recommendation Tables for suggested rates of Maxcel and Sevin for thinning.
9
N.R. = not recommended.

MaxCel for apples and pears MaxCel for thinning apples only1
For Fruit Thinning, Sizing, and Enhanced Return Thinning
Use Bloom Difficulty Aggressive Moderate Slight
Apply 75 to 200 ppm spray concentration. Refer to 100-150 ppm +
Application Hard to thin 100 ppm + Sevin 100 ppm
dilution table on label for assistance. Sevin + oil
Spray Use sufficient volume to ensure complete tree cover- 75-100 ppm +
Moderate to thin 100 ppm + Sevin 75 ppm
Volume age. Sevin
Apply when average king fruit diameter is 5-15 mm. 75-100 ppm + 50-75
Spray Easy to thin 75 ppm
10 mm is optimal. Do not apply more than twice in a Sevin ppm
Timing 1
See Recommended Chemical Thinners for Apples for variety thinning difficulty rating.
season.

46
MaxCel dilution table1 NAA Formulations
Fluid ounces of MaxCel per 100 gallons of spray re- Not all NAA formulations have the same amount of
quired to obtain given ppm concentrations. active ingredients. Because calculating ppm can be
difficult, this table describes materials and amounts of
10 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 formulation per 100 gal of water required to make a 10
ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm solution (table developed by R. Marini, VPI).
6 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128
1
MaxCel contains 75 grams active ingredient per 128 fl oz (1 gal).

NAD and NAA formulations for chemical thinning of apples

Acid Equivalent Amount of Formulation per
Trade Name Chemical Formulation (% of active ingredient) 100 gal to make 10 ppm
Amid-Thin W 1-Napthaleneacetamide WP 8.4 1.6 oz
Fruitone N 1-Napthaleneacetic acid, sodium salt (3.5%) WP 3.1 4 oz
PoMaxa 1-Napthaleneacetic acid, sodium salt (3.5%) liquid 3.1 4 fl oz
K-salt Fruit Fix 1-Napthaleneacetic acid, potassium salt
liquid 20.2 0.63 fl oz
800 (24.2%)
K-salt Fruit Fix 1-Napthaleneacetic acid, potassium salt
liquid 5.18 2.47 fl oz
200 (6.25%)

Promoting branching on high-density dwarf Foliar sprays are effective starting when terminal
growth is 1-3 inches long at the time of application.
fruit trees
Rates for non-bearing trees are generally between
Branch inducing growth regulators contain cytokinins,
125 and 500 ppm for apples and 250 and 1,000 ppm
gibberellins or both. Cytokinins stimulate cell division
for pears and sweet cherries. For first-leaf apple trees
and differentiation and promote shoot initiation and re-
received from the nursery as whips, apply 500 to 1,000
lease of lateral buds from apical dominance; they also
ppm of MaxCell 20 days after bud break followed
play an indirect role in overcoming dormancy.
about a week or so later by removal of the 2nd through
Gibberellins, like cytokinins, promote cell division 4th apical buds on the leader. For second and third-
while also stimulating elongation to increase shoot year apple trees, apply 200-300 ppm (non-bearing) or
length. However, at rates high enough to stimulate 200 ppm (bearing) of MaxCel. Spreading of some rap-
growth, gibberellins will entirely de-fruit trees and idly growing shoots is usually necessary, but for most,
inhibit return bloom. Growers who wish to promote the crotch angles that develop are wider compared to
lateral branching, but who also desire a potential other branch-promoting techniques and require less
crop the following year to manage vigor, should apply manual labor for correction.
a cytokinin only bioregulator. Lower rates of active
For further information on branch promotion see
ingredient used to moderately thin fruit, reduce russet-
http://www.uky.edu/hort/sites/www.uky.edu.hort/
ing, improve size or shape, or to increase fruit set after
files/documents/HortFact3011-4.pdf
frost will not diminish return bloom.
The following are some chemical plant growth regula- Managing the shoot blight phase of fire blight
tors labeled for lateral branch promotion on tree fruits.
Be sure to check the product registration as some are with Apogee
not available for distribution in all states. Cytokinins: Apogee is used on apple trees for two reasons:
Maxcel® – Valent Biosciences, LLC (not registered in • To reduce shoot growth because trees are overly
KS, NE, OK); Cytokin® – Miller Chemical & Fertiliz- vigorous because of crop loss, inappropriate root-
er, LLC (not registered in KY, IA, KS, NE); Exilis® 9.5 stock, tree spacing, or excessive nitrogen fertilization.
SC – Fine Americas, Inc. (not registered in AR, IA, IN,
IL, KY, KS, MO, NE, OK). Cytokinins and gibberellins: • To reduce the risk and reduce susceptibility to fire
Promalin® – Valent BioSciences, LLC; Typy® – Nufarm blight.
Americas, Inc.; Cytoplex® HMS® – Miller Chemical & Apogee (prohexadione calcium) inhibits gibberellin
Fertilizer, LLC (not registered in IA, KY, KS, NE, OK, biosynthesis, which stops terminal growth early.
WV); Perlan® – Fine Americas, Inc. (not registered in Apogee can decrease the length of shoots by 30 to
AR, IA, IN, IL, KY, KS, MO, NE, OK). 60 percent. Apogee does not affect blossom blight
occurrence, but when used effectively, reduces the

47
occurrence of shoot blight. Shoots with inhibited and application timing affect the efficacy of Apogee
growth are less susceptible to fire blight. The decrease and the rate needed.
in blight susceptibility does not occur until about 10
to 14 days after application. Note that apple varieties Application rates for vegetative growth control
differ in their susceptibility to damage from Apogee.
Do not apply Apogee to Empire or Stayman varieties,
in apples
because it causes cracking on these varieties. Apogee can cause a tree to retain more fruit and
thinning programs will need to be adjusted for this. To
Consider using Apogee to reduce the threat of shoot
decrease June drop on trees with light bloom, apply
blight on vigorous trees of susceptible varieties that
Apogee at 1-3 inches of new shoot growth using 10-12
have nearly filled their tree space. Apogee only de-
oz per 100 gallons of dilute spray or 30-36 oz per acre
creases host susceptibility; it does not affect the
(based on 300 gallons of dilute spray per acre).
pathogen directly. Apogee is not a substitute for
streptomycin for blossom blight control during bloom. Applying Apogee in the same season as ProVide re-
If needed, you can combine Apogee with streptomycin duces the effectiveness of both growth regulators.
in one of the bloom sprays. Timing. Apply Apogee 27.5W at full bloom to early
You should apply Apogee (27.5% W) when shoot petal fall on the king blooms for maximum effective-
growth is 1 to 3 inches (usually at king bloom petal fall ness. Apogee is considerably less effective if applied
on most varieties). Ohio has a special local needs label too late. The decrease in blight susceptibility does not
allowing the application of Apogee between pink and occur until about 10 to 14 days after application.
1-3 inches of new growth until December 31, 2022. Additives. Use a nonionic surfactant with Apogee.
Split applications have been shown to provide longer Follow the manufacturer’s rate recommendations. If
shoot suppression during the summer. Vegetative you mix Apogee in hard water (water that contains
suppression lasts two to five weeks only during the high levels of calcium carbonate), add 1 lb of spray-
current growing season. When fire blight is a concern, grade ammonium sulfate for each pound of Apogee.
increase the first Apogee application to help control Comments. Apogee’s ability to control growth does
vigor early and reduce the risk of fire blight. not depend on concentration. There is no difference in
Apogee is locally systemic. This means if you spray shoot growth control between dilute and concentrate
the tops of trees, Apogee has an effect only on the sprays, provided the total amount of chemical per acre
tops where it was applied. This allows growers to use is the same. Apogee’s level of growth control is rate
Apogee in problematic areas of trees that need local- dependent. The recommended rate provides the great-
ized control. For example, if the bottoms of trees had est and quickest reduction, and the effect on growth
frost damage that resulted in a low crop load, apply- declines as the rate is reduced. Do not tank mix Apogee
ing Apogee to the bottoms will control the excessive with boron, calcium chloride, or calcium nitrate. Apogee
growth. Tree vigor, variety (see table below), crop load, is rainfast after 8 hours. (REI is 12 hours; PHI is 45 days.)

Application rates of Apogee for vegetative growth control in apples

Apogee plant growth Apogee
regulator Rate per 100 gal- Rate per
Application Timing lons of Dilute Spray1 (oz) acre2 (oz) Restrictions
Medium to high vigor trees 6 to 12 18 to 36 DO NOT apply more
Apply at 1-3 inches of new shoot growth. than 48 oz/A (3 lb) of
For best results, make subsequent applications at 1- to 4-week intervals Apogee within any
and before or immediately after the shoots show signs of regrowth. 21-day interval.
Low vigor trees 3 to 8 9 to 24
Apply at 1-3 inches of new shoot growth. DO NOT apply more
For best results, make subsequent applications at 1- to 4-week intervals than 99 oz/A (6.2 lb)
and before or immediately after the shoots show signs of regrowth. of Apogee per year.

Long growing season 3 to 8 9 to 24

Apply at 1 to 3 inches of new shoot growth.
Make second and third applications at 7- to 14-day intervals.
Make subsequent applications as needed at 10- to 14-day intervals.
Refer to the Application Instructions section for rate calculations on the label.
1

Based on 300 gallons of dilute spray per acre.

2

48
Application rates for fire blight infections of shoots (shoot blight) for susceptible apple varieties
Apogee plant growth regulator
rate per 100 gallons of Dilute Apogee Rate
Application Timing Spray1 (oz) per acre2 (oz) Restrictions
To reduce fire blight infections of shoot by 6 to 12 18 to 36 DO NOT apply more than 48 oz/A
decreasing vegetative growth (3 lb) of Apogee within any 21-day
Apply at 1-3 inches of new shoot growth. interval.
Make a second application if new shoot DO NOT apply more than 99 oz/A (6.2
growth occurs lb) of Apogee per year.
Refer to the Application Instructions section for rate calculations on the label.
1

Based on 300 gallons of dilute spray per acre.

2

Selected apple varieties and their sensitivity to apogee

Apogee Sensitivity Varieties Recommendation
very sensitive Cortland, Gala, Ginger Gold, Northern Spy, Consider reducing spray rates.
Paula Red, Rome
sensitive Fuji, Golden Delicious, Jonamac, Spartan,
less sensitive Golden Supreme, Jonagold, Jonathan, Consider using an additional 1 oz per acre
IdaRed, McIntosh
special Red Delicious, Spur Mac On spur type, begin first application 2 weeks after bloom, followed by an
application 2 weeks later, and then 2 weeks after for medium-size trees.
phytotoxic Empire, Stayman, Winesap Do not use.
Kudos is a generic formulation of prohexidione calcium, the active ingredient in Apogee.

Cork spot and bitter pit management in apples • Adjust fruit density by chemically thinning fruit
in heavy cropping years to avoid a light crop and
Cork spot and bitter pit are related to low levels of cal- calcium disorders the following year.
cium and high levels of nitrogen in the fruit. However,
low calcium is not the only cause of these disorders. • Apply calcium in 6-8 sprays starting at first cov-
Excessive tree vigor and a light fruit crop increase cork er Calcium chloride is most commonly used; it is
spot and bitter pit. Bitter pit is primarily a storage dis- inexpensive but can be hard on pumps. Calcium
order, and calcium treatments before and after harvest nitrate (Nutrical) is an alternative. Calcium chloride
can reduce this. is sold as dry formulations (such as DowFlake Xtra
No one cultural practice eliminates these disorders 83-87% and Cor-Clear 28%) and as liquid formu-
and you need a multifaceted approach for control. For lations with 10 percent calcium (such as EezyCal
example: 8-0-0-10 and Loveland 10% Calcium). Applying
calcium at a low rate every 7 days is more effec-
• Apply lime to raise the soil pH to around 6.5 to tive than a higher rate every 14 days. Application
make calcium more available for tree uptake. between first cover and third cover is most critical,
• Balance tree nutritional levels by analyzing soil and but later sprays also help. You can apply higher
tissue. Keep nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium rates after mid-July.
levels from becoming excessive and avoid low
levels of calcium, boron, and zinc. If tissue analysis Managing cork spot in honeycrisp
boron levels are low, apply Solubor at 2 lb/acre at
pink and again at petal fall. Honeycrisp is one of the cultivars most susceptible to
corking. Affected cells start to show damage around
• Work to moderate tree vigor. Avoid excessive prun- two weeks after petal fall, but visual symptoms usually
ing and tree overcrowding and make moderate show up in mid to late June. When the disorder starts,
nitrogen applications. Summer pruning of water damaged cells usually have higher rates of protein
sprouts between mid-July and mid-August also synthesis, respiration, and cell division, but these cells
helps minimize cork spot. become brown and die shortly thereafter. As fruit de-
velopment progresses, severely damaged fruit become

49
cracked and deformed with deep brown, cork-like Topsin-M, Scala, Vangard, the sterol-inhibiting fun-
areas scattered throughout the flesh. gicides (Rally, Rhyme, Rubigan, Indar, Inspire Super,
Calcium and boron deficiencies are suspected as the Procure, Topguard); the strobilurin fungicides (Sovran,
main reasons for cork spot development. The flesh Pristine, Merivon, and Flint); and the succinase de-
and peels of Honeycrisp apples have less calcium than hydrogenase inhibiting fungicides (Aprovia, Fontelis,
some other varieties, so keeping up with the calcium Luna Sensation, Luna Tranquility, Pristine and Meri-
sprays is essential for managing cork spot. Calcium von). Because they all have specific modes of action,
moves very slowly into the tissue, so more water and fungi such as the apple scab, bitter rot and powdery
good coverage are essential for better uptake. mildew pathogens can rapidly evolve resistance to
them. Fungicide resistance, or at least reduced sensi-
The recommended application rate is about 1.5-2 tivity, has been observed for apple scab, bitter rot and
pounds of calcium chloride dissolved in 400 gallons or powdery mildew to both the sterol-inhibitor and stro-
more of water per acre. Begin applying calcium in the bilurin fungicides in the United States and throughout
first cover spray. Apply this spray to runoff. the Midwest.
To delay resistance development, never use these
Disease Management Notes fungicides alone in a season-long program and use
Note About Mancozeb (EBDC Products) them as little as possible. Most of the newer fungicides
limit the number of applications that can be made per
EBDC products have two rate recommendations, de- season (generally no more than four), and labels state
pending on how you use the fungicides. that no more than two sequential applications should
Mancozeb cannot be used past bloom at the 6 lb per be made without alternating with another fungicide
acre rate, but is permitted past bloom at the lower rate with a different mode of action. The sterol-inhibiting
of no more than 3 lb per acre. However, this lower rate fungicides, strobilurin fungicides, and succinase dehy-
may be insufficient under heavy scab pressure without drogenase inhibiting fungicides have different modes
a tank-mix partner. The application of mancozeb from of action and can be alternated with each other in a
bloom through first cover for the control of apple scab fungicide resistance management program.
heavily contributes to the prevention of bitter rot in A good approach is to alternate one to two spray
highly susceptible varieties, like Honeycrisp. blocks of these materials. For example: a spray of
• Do not apply mancozeb within 77 days of harvest. Sovran (a strobilurin fungicide) alternated with a spray
• Do not apply more than 24 lb of mancozeb (Roper that contains Rally (a sterol-inhibiting fungicide) mixed
and other generic formulations) or more than 25.6 with a broad-spectrum protectant fungicide such as
lb of penncozeb per acre per year if using for pre- captan or mancozeb.
bloom (6 lb) applications.
• Do not apply more than 21 lb of mancozeb or more Use of pre-mixes
than 22.4 lb of Penncozeb per year if using the 3 lb Many chemical manufacturers provide pre-mixes
per acre rate. (pre-formulated tank mixtures). Take care when using
• Label recommendations for mancozeb are identi- these pre-mixes so that your rotation partners are
cal for apples and pears. not in the same chemical family as the pre-mix. For
example, if you use Pristine or Merivon (a pre-mix of
Use of Captan fungicide on tree fruit-restricted a strobilurin and SDHI fungicide; FRAC11+7), avoid
using Sovran or Flint (FRAC11), or the Luna series
entry intervals (REI) (FRAC 7+11; FRAC 7;FRAC 7+9), all of which contain
Most captan formulations (Captan 50W, Captan either a strobilurin (FRAC 11) or an SDHI (FRAC 7). Do
80WDG, Captan 4L) are currently available with a not rotate with Aprovia, Fontelis, Kenja or Miravis, all
24-hour REI. The REI was reduced from 4 days to 24 of which are SDHI fungicides (FRAC 7).
hours a few years ago for apples, cherries, plums/fresh
prunes, and peaches. However, some formulations Blister spot on Mutsu, Cortland, Fuji
produced by certain companies still may have the
4-day REI. Check the label of the captan product you Blister spot is a bacterial disease of susceptible apple
plan to purchase to be sure it has a 24-hour REI. varieties — most notably Mutsu (Crispin). It is caused
by a bacterium in the genus Pseudomonas. New blister
spot outbreaks have been identified on Cortland and
Fungicide resistance management Fuji, and outbreaks have been reported on other vari-
Many of our “best” fungicides may lose their efficacy eties interplanted with Mutsu.
due to fungicide resistance evolving in the pathogens
we are trying to manage. These fungicides include

50
Due to resistance issues, streptomycin is no longer Effectiveness ratings of insecticides for control of cod-
suggested for disease management. Due to the severi- ling moth are shown in the table for first and second
ty and lack of control options for blister spot on Mut- cover sprays, on pages 35-36.
su, the variety we recommend replacing Mutsu with Insect populations resistant to the organophosphates
Shizuka, which is similar in color and quality to Mutsu. exhibit resistance to all the organophosphates that are
labeled for codling moth control in apples (Diazinon,
Sanitation methods to aid in apple scab control Imidan), so switching among these insecticides offers
Especially in years after a high incidence of apple no benefit. Laboratory research and field observations
scab developed in the orchard, sanitation is important have shown that organophosphate-resistant codling
because apple scab overwinters only in fallen leaves. moth populations also are less susceptible to some
The sanitation methods described below can reduce pyrethroids, so switching to Pounce (or other perme-
the amount of apple scab inoculum (ascospores) by as thrin formulations), Asana, Warrior, Danitol, Mustang
much as 50 percent. Maxx, Baythroid, or Proaxis may not provide adequate
control.
Applying 5% urea to the orchard floor (40 lb per acre
in 100 gal of water) provides nitrogen to help microor- Altacor, Assail, Delegate, Exirel and Rimon are effec-
ganisms decompose leaves, killing the overwintering tive against organophosphate-resistant codling moth
apple scab fungus. populations. Consult your state Extension specialists
in entomology to plan effective seasonlong programs
Flail mowing the orchard also has been reported to re- that make the best use of available products within the
duce apple scab inoculum by as much as 50 percent. label-specified limits and restrictions for each.
You can flail mow or apply nitrogen in the fall and/ or
spring. Each method has been reported to reduce the Timing of first insecticide spray for codling moth
number of scab ascospores by as much as 50 percent; control on apple and pear1
however, the combined effects do not provide com-
plete control. Using both methods probably does not Degree-days
reduce ascospore more than 50 percent. Be sure to (base 50ºF) after
recognize that urea provides nitrogen, and modify your biofix2 Insecticide Products
fertilization program appropriately. 50-75 Dimilin
Rimon
100-200 Intrepid
Insect Management Notes Confirm
150-250 Altacor
Insecticide resistance in codling moth Assail
populations Belay
Several states (including those covered by this guide) Delegate
have reported codling moth populations that are sus- Exirel
pected or confirmed to be resistant to certain insecti- 250 Imidan
cides. The resistance traits of populations differ among Avaunt
orchards and regions, so resistance may account for Pyrethroids (Asana, Baythroid, Danitol, Mustang
control failures in some orchards, even though the Max, Proaxis, Warrior)
Virus (Cyd-X, Carpovirusine, Virosoft CP4)
same insecticides may provide effective control in
other locations.
1
A second spray should be made 10-14 days later.
2
Biofix is defined as the date on which pheromone traps detect sustained flight of
Resistance is not the only cause for control failures, moths
so always consider whether the cause of poor control
was due to other issues, including inadequate rates, Apple borers
inadequate spray volumes, spray timing, or wash-off
due to rainfall. Where these factors do not appear to The dogwood borer and American plum borer are cat-
explain poor control, resistance — particularly to the erpillars that attack burr knot tissue on apple trunks.
organophosphates (Imidan, Diazinon) — may be the Flat-headed and round-headed apple borers are
reason, and switching to other insecticides is recom- beetle larvae that attack tree trunks, often trees that
mended. Where control programs have been effective have received mechanical, cold, or other injury or are
and resistance does not seem to be a problem, rotat- generally weakened.
ing among insecticides with different modes of action Insecticides currently registered for control of borers
is recommended to delay resistance development. on apple are Assail 30SG for dogwood borer and War-
rior II and Proaxis for control of tree borer species.

51
For dogwood borer, the best insecticide timing is at Notes on soaps and horticultural oils
peak egg hatch, which is in late June in the central
Midwest. Pheromone mating disruption by Isomate SunSpray UFO (UFO = “ultrafine” oil), Saf-T-Side, and
DWB can be used starting at bloom. M-Pede (a potassium salt of fatty acids, previously
called an insecticidal soap) are relatively new insecti-
For American plum borer, the best timing is at petal cides that may be used in certified organic production
fall. systems. Summer oils and M-Pede are effective only
For flat-headed and round-headed apple borers, apply against insects the sprays contact at the time of appli-
insecticide in the spring. cation. These sprays provide no residual control. Many
Apply borer sprays to the lower 4 feet of the trunk and questions about their efficacy remain, and their use
lower branches, and soak the bark. should be considered experimental.
Nonetheless, they appear to be useful in certain situa-
Periodical cicadas tions.
Periodical cicadas are orange to black and about 1 1/2 A summer oil alone, at a concentration of 1-2 percent
inches long, have black transparent wings, and appear by volume, provides some control of mites and aphid
from May to July. Annual or dog-day cicadas are larger, (rosy apple aphid, apple grain aphid, green apple
green to black, and appear each year from July to Sep- aphid, and spirea aphid). Limited observations suggest
tember. Annual cicadas ordinarily do not cause much that aphid control is likely to be greatest if you apply
damage. Cicada males announce their presence to oil when clusters are at the 0.25 inch green stage.
the voiceless females by making a continuous, high- M-Pede alone reduces mite, aphid, pear psylla, and
pitched, shrill sound. white apple leafhopper populations, but control may
Adult females lay eggs in rows in pockets they cut not be satisfactory or long-lasting unless you apply
in small branches and twigs of trees with their long, multiple sprays. Unlike oils, M-Pede is not ovicidal.
knife-like egg layer. The eggs hatch in six or seven If applied alone, a summer oil is likely more effective
weeks. The newly hatched nymphs fall to the ground for aphid and (especially) mite control than M-Pede.
and burrow until they find suitable roots, usually 1 1/2 Data from Michigan indicate that adding M-Pede at 2
to 2 feet beneath the soil. With their sucking mouth- percent by volume to full-rate sprays of Vendex, Kelt-
parts, they immediately begin to suck juices from the hane, and presumably other miticides, greatly enhanc-
roots. es the control they provide.
Females prefer oak, hickory, apple, peach, and pear Phytotoxicity, leaf drop, and fruit blemishes should be
trees, and grapevines for laying eggs. Females dam- major concerns when deciding whether to use sum-
age plants when they make slits in branches and twigs mer oil or soap. To prevent damage to foliage or fruits,
to deposit their eggs. These small twigs and branch- never use a summer oil with Captan, Sevin, or other
es turn brown and die and sometimes break off. The sulfur-containing pesticides. Allow at least 14 days
damage may be severe in newly planted orchards or between applications of sulfur-containing compounds
on new shade trees or shrubs. Heavy populations of and the use of a summer oil. Do not apply oils if tem-
nymphs in the soil also may affect the growth and peratures exceed 90°F or drying conditions are poor.
vigor of certain trees. Because of concerns about fruit russeting, some
You can prevent egg-laying damage by cicadas on authorities suggest that insecticidal soaps should be
young fruit and ornamental trees by covering them used only in nonbearing orchards. Applicators must
with a protective netting, such as cheesecloth. Cover mix oils and soaps at the proper dilution (1-2 percent);
a tree and tie the netting to the trunk below the lower concentrated sprays are less effective and more phy-
branches. Remove the covering when egg-laying is totoxic. Deposits of large droplets or the coalescing of
over. If netting is not an option, you may apply insecti- droplets on fruit or foliage also increases the likelihood
cides when egg laying begins and repeat 7 to 10 days of leaf damage and fruit blemishes.
later. Pyrethroids are recommended to control period-
ical cicada, but using these products may lead to mite
outbreaks.

52
Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases1

summer rots (black

powdery mildew

sooty blotch /

and white)
fire blight
bitter rot

flyspeck
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

scab
rust
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Agri-Mycin 17 12h NA
25 x G-E[r] x x x x x
streptomycin sulfate 50d NA
Apogee (27.5W) 12h 99 oz
PGR x E x x x x x
Growth regulator 45d NA
Aprovia (EC) 12h 27.6 fl oz
7 E-G x F u E-G E-G F
benzovindiflupyr 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG 24h 40 lb
M3 E x i x G G E
captan 0d NA
Cevya (formulation) 12h NA
3 G x E-G E E E G-F
mefentrifluconazole 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 didpress 12h NA
M x G-F x x G-F x x
copper hydroxide NA NA
Excalia (2.84 SC) 12h 0.178 lb
inpyrfluxam 7 u x E-G u E u x PF 2
Ferbam Granulfo (76WDG) 24h NA
M F x x G F F G
ferbam NA 3
Flint Extra 12h 10.5 fl oz
11 G x G[r] F E[r] G G
trifloxystrobin 14d NA
Fontelis (SC) 12h 61 fl oz
7 x x G E E x u
penthiopyrad 28d NA
Indar 2F 12h 32 fl oz
3 x x E[r] E E[r] G x
fenbuconazole 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 12h 60 fl oz
3+9 s x F E E E x
difenoconazole + cyprodinil 28d NA
Kasumin 2L 12h 256 fl oz
Kassugamycin hydrochloride 24 x G x x x x x 90d 4
hydrate
Kenja 400SC 12h NA
7 x x s x F x x
isofetamid 20d NA
Kocide 3000 48h 53.3 lb
M x G-F x x G-F x x
copper hydroxide 0d NA
Luna Privilege NA NA
7 x x G x G-E F-G x
fluopyram NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 12h 21 fl oz
7+11 i-E x G[r] F E[r] G-E E
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin 14d 4
Luna tranquility (SC) 12h 54.7 fl oz
7+9 x x G x E x x
fluopyram + pyrimethanil 72d NA
(Continued)

53
Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases1 (continued)

summer rots (black

powdery mildew

sooty blotch /

and white)
fire blight
bitter rot

flyspeck
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

scab
rust
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Merivon (2.09SC) 12h 22 fl oz
7+11 E x G s E E E
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss 24h NA
M u x G x i-F x x
sulfur 0d NA
Miravis (1.67 SC) 4h 13.6 fl oz
7 x x G G E G x
pydiflumetofen 30d 4
Mycoshield 12h 9 lb
41 x G x x x x x
oxytetracycline 60d 6
Omega 500F 12h 138 fl oz
29 F x x s-G G s s
fluazinam 28d 10
OSO 5% SC 4h 78 fl oz
M3 x x F x F x x
polyoxin D 0d 6
Polyram 80 DF 24h 21 lb
M3 x x x G G x x
metiram 77d 7
Pristine 12h 74 oz
7+11 F-E x E[r] E E[r] E E
pyaclostrobin + boscalid 0d 4
Procure 480SC 12h 64 fl oz
3 x x E[r] E[r] G[r] x x
triflumizole 14d NA
Rally 40WSP 24h 5 lb
3 x x E[r] F G[r] x x
myclobutanil 14d NA
Roper DF Rainshield 24h 21 lb
M x x i G G x G
mancozeb 77d 6
Scala SC 12h 40 fl oz
9 x x x x E-G x x
pyrimethanil 72d NA
Sercadis 12h 18 fl oz
7 x x G s E-G F F
fluxapyroxad 0d 4
Sovran (50WG) 12h 25.6 oz
11 x x G[r] E E[r] G G
kresoxim-methyl 30d 4
Syllit FL 48h 3 pt
U12 x x x x E[r] x x
dodine “Pink” 2
Topguard Specialty Crops 12h 52 fl oz
3 u x E E E-G x u
flutriafol 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 24h 4 lb
1 x x G[r] x i E-G [r] G
thiophanate methyl 1d NA
Torino (SC) 4h 6.8 oz
U6 x x E x x x x
cyflufenamid 14d 1
(Continued)

54
Effectiveness of fungicides for control of apple diseases1 (continued)

summer rots (black

powdery mildew

sooty blotch /

and white)
fire blight
bitter rot

flyspeck
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

scab
rust
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Vangard WG 12h 30 oz
9 x x x x G x x
cyprodinil 0d 2
Ziram 76DF 48h 42.4 lb
M3 G x x G G G i
ziram 14d 7
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their
institutions assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary
by state. E= excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x=
pest not on the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited.
Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

Effectiveness of insecticides for control of minor apple insects1

white apple
redbanded
black stem

leafhopper

leafhopper
leafroller

leafroller
banded
oblique

potato

Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

green
aphid
borer

Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6

Actara (25WDG) 12h 16.5 oz
4A x E x u x E
thiamethoxam 14-35d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 12h 10.5 fl oz
4A x E x u x E
imidacloprid 7d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 12h 8.5 fl oz
6 x x x x x G
abamectin 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 4h 9 oz
28 x x E x E s
chlorantraniliprole 5d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 12h 53.5 fl oz
21A x G G u u u
tolfenpyrad 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 12h 101.5 fl oz
3A x F G x E G
esfenvalerate 21d NA
Assail 30SG 12h 32 oz
4A x E x G x G-E
acetamiprid 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 12h 24 oz
22 x x x G G s
indoxacarb 14d 4
(Continued)

55
Effectiveness of insecticides for control of minor apple insects1 (continued)

white apple
redbanded
black stem

leafhopper

leafhopper
leafroller

leafroller
banded
oblique

potato
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

green
aphid
borer
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) (Agree, 4-12h NA
Dipel, etc.) 11B x x G x G x
Bacillus thuringiensis 0d NA
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 12h 2.8 fl oz
3A x x G G E G
cyfluthrin 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 12h 12 fl oz
4A x E u u x E
clothianidin 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 12h 8.4 oz
29 x G x x x x
flonicamid 21d 3
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 12h 34.5 oz
16 x x x F x F
buprofezin 14d 1
Closer SC (2SC) 12h 17 fl oz
4C x E x x x E
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
Confirm 2F 4h 120 fl oz
18 x x F x E x
tebufenozide 14d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 42.6 fl oz
3A x x G E E E
fenpropathrin 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 4h 28 oz
5 x x E x E x
spinetoram 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 12h 3.6 fl oz
3A x x u u u u
deltamethrin 21d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 4h 29 fl oz
5 x x G x x x
spinosad 7d 4
Envidor 2SC 12h 18 fl oz
23 x x x x x x
spirodiclofen 7d 1
Esteem 35WP, 0.86EC 12h 10 oz
7C x u s x s x
pyriproxyfen 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 12h 61.6 fl oz
28 x x E x E G
cyantraniliprole 3d 3
Imidan 70W 168h 15.5 lb
1B x x x x G x
phosmet 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 4h 64 fl oz
18 x x E x E x
methoxyfenozide 14d NA
Lannate SP (90WSB) (RUP) 72h 5 lb
1A x x E x E E
methomyl 14d 5
(Continued)

56
Effectiveness of insecticides for control of minor apple insects1 (continued)

white apple
redbanded
black stem

leafhopper

leafhopper
leafroller

leafroller
banded
oblique

potato
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

green
aphid
borer
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Movento (2SC) 24h 25 fl oz
23 x G x x x x
spirotetramat 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 12h 24 fl oz
3A x x G E E E
zeta-cypermethrin 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L), AzaDirect 4h NA
UN x F u u u u
azadirachtin 0d NA
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 12h 17 oz
21A x x x x x x
pyridaben 25d 1
Oil (superior) 4h NA
UN x u u x u x
mineral oil 0d NA
Permethrin 25W (RUP) 12h 32 oz
3A x G E-G x E x
permethrin 14d NA
Permethrin 3.2EC (RUP) 12h 20 fl oz
3A x x x x E P
permethrin 14d NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 12h 2 pt
21A x x x u x F
fenpyroximate 14d 1
PQZ (1.87SC) 12h 4.8 fl oz
9B x E x x x x
pyrifluquinazon 14d 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 24h 25.6 fl oz
3A x G G E E E
gamma-cyhalothrin 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 12h 14.4 oz
6 x x E x E x
emamectin benzoate 14d NA
Rimon 0.83EC 12h 150 fl oz
15 x x E x E u
novaluron 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus 12h 15 qt
1A x F F x F x
carbaryl 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4h 28 fl oz
4D x G x G x G-E
flupyradifurone 14d NA
Surround WP (95WP) 4h NA
UN x x s x s x
kaolin 0d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 48h 4 lb
12B x x x x x x
fenbutatin-oxide 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 4h 33 fl oz
28 x x x x E u
cyclaniliprole 7d 3
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 12h 7 fl oz
9D x G x x x x
afidopyropen 7d NA
(Continued)

57
Effectiveness of insecticides for control of minor apple insects1 (continued)

white apple
redbanded
black stem

leafhopper

leafhopper
leafroller

leafroller
banded
oblique

potato
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

green
aphid
borer
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 48h 8 pt
1A x G x F x E
oxamyl 14d 4
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 24h 12.8 fl oz
3A x G F x E x
lambda-cyhalothrin 21d NA
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

Effectiveness of insecticides and miticides for control of apple mites1

Product and formulation IRAC apple European two-spotted REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 rust mite red mite mite PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 12h NA
20D G G G
bifenazate 7d 1
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 12h 8.5 fl oz
6 x G F
abamectin 28d 2
Apollo SC (1SC) 12h NA
10A x E E
clofentezine 45d NA
Azera 0.21EC 12h NA
UN+3 u u u
azadirachtin+ pyrethrins 0d 10
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 42.6 fl oz
3A x F F
fenpropathrin 14d NA
Envidor 2SC 12h 18 fl oz
23 G E E
spirodiclofen 7d 1
Kanemite 15SC 12h 62 fl oz
20 B x E G
acequinocyl 14d 2
Magister SC (1.7SC) 12h 36 fl oz
21 A G E E
fenazaquin 7d 1
Movento (2SC) 24h 25 fl oz
23 u s s
spirotetramat 7d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 12h 27.4 fl oz
25 x E E
cyflumetofen 7d 2
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 12h 17 fl oz
21 A E G F
pyridaben 25d 1
(Continued)

58
Effectiveness of insecticides for control of minor apple insects1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC apple European two-spotted REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 rust mite red mite mite PHI4 Max app6
Onager Optek (1EC) 12h 24 oz
10 A x E E
hexythiazox 28d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 12h 2 pt
21 A G E G
fenpyroximate 14d 1
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 12h 14.4 oz
6 x x s
emamectin benzoate 14d NA
Savey 50DF 12h 6 oz
10 A x E E
hexythiazox 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus 12h 15 qt
1A G x x
carbaryl 3d 8
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 48h 4 lb
12 B F-G F F
fenbutatin-oxide 14d 2
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 48h 8 pt
1A x G G
oxamyl 14d 4
Zeal (72WP) 12h 3 oz
10 B x E E
etoxazole 14d 1
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

59
 2. PEAR
Pear Spray Schedule Pear Dormant to Bud Swell – Diseases
Entomology Leads: C. Welty, E. Long, R. Bessin Apply before growth starts in the spring and when
Plant Pathology Lead: J. Beckerman temperatures are above 45°F.
How to read the spray schedule tables Disease management notes
Every pear growth stage has important notes on dis- • Fire blight: If fire blight was severe last year, a
ease or insect management. In some cases, the reader fixed copper spray (copper hydroxide, copper oxy-
will be directed to the special problems section at the chloride, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture)
end of the section or chapter. Please make sure to read at swollen bud stage is suggested. Label recom-
thoroughly and contact your state Extension specialist mendations may vary; be sure to review product
with any specific questions. labels.
Key to tables Table 2-1. Pear disease management at dormant1
E = excellent control
G = good control Product and formulation FRAC fire REI3 Max amt5
F = fair control Active ingredient code2 blight PHI4 Max app6
[r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible Badge M 5.25-14 pt 48 h 56.3 pt
s = suppression only copper oxychloride G-F 0d NA
i = ineffective
u = unknown efficacy Bordeaux M 8 lb 24 h NA
x = pest not on the label limed copper sulfate G-F NA NA
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials C-O-C-S M 12-15.6 lb 48 h 31 lb
conducted across various regions and does not neces- copper oxychloride, sulfate G-F NA 1 every 5d
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss M 7.5-10 lb 12h NA
time. Growers should contact their Extension special-
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information. copper sulfate G-F NA NA
The information on this publication is only a guide; the Kocide 3000 M 7 lb 48h 53.3 lb
authors and their institutions assume no liability for copper hydroxide G-F 0d NA
practices implemented based on this information. Al-
ways read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the
law. Product registration may vary by state. Pear Dormant to Bud Burst – Insects
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the Apply before buds break into green tip.
fungicide/insecticide. Insect management notes
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the Pear psylla
number of days before harvest that the product may • Adult pear psylla become active when temperature
not be applied. is above 40oF. First eggs of pear psylla are laid on
4
All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-Entry buds and twigs when temperature is above 50oF.
Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time Peak psylla egg laying is at the time of bud burst.
immediately after a pesticide application when entry • In addition to applying oil, apply an adulticide once
into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI. psylla adults are seen. Pyrethroids (Asana, Danitol,
Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pes- Mustang Maxx, Permethrin, Pounce) are most
ticides during harvest. effective but should be avoided if resistance is a
Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of concern. Pear psylla populations at some locations
product per season AND maximum number of appli- are resistant to pyrethroids. Pyrethroids work best
cations. when temperatures are cool. Another option is Sur-
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ round. Surround should be applied every 7-14 days
acre/year. beginning no later than green tip.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of • Dimilin is an insect growth regulator that should
applications per year. be applied during egg deposition.

60
Oil • Lime-sulfur can be applied at the dormant stage,
• Apply when temperatures are above 40°F, never using a high rate (11 gal/acre). A lower rate (3 gal/
during freezing weather. Do not apply within two acre) can be used if not applied until the delayed
weeks of a sulfur spray or later than delayed dor- dormant stage. In addition to controlling pear
mant. Insecticide may be combined with oil during psylla and San Jose scale, lime sulfur controls pear
dormant and delayed-dormant periods only. Oil on rust mite and pearleaf blister mite. Elemental sulfur
wood inhibits psylla egg laying/hatching. Apply used during the delayed dormant period to control
oil as soon as psylla first eggs are laid and again pearleaf blister mite also controls pear psylla. Do
seven days later if adults are still present. not use sulfur or lime-sulfur when temperatures
are predicted to exceed 90oF during or within
Sulfur and lime-sulfur three days of application. Sulfur sprays are most
effective when the temperature is above 60oF after
• Should not be applied once green tissue is present application. Not all elemental sulfur products are
on sensitive cultivars (Anjou, Comice or Seckle) registered in all Midwest states.
Table 2-2. Insect management at late dormant to green bud1
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla San Jose European REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 EGG/ADULT scale red mite PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20D x x 0.7-1 lb 12h NA
bifenazate x x G 7d 1
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 x x 2.2-4.2 fl oz 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin x x E 28d 2
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A x x 4-8 fl oz 12h NA
clofentezine x x E 21d 1
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-19.2 fl oz x x 12h 72 fl oz
esfenvalerate G[r] x x 28d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A x x 5.1-12.8 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
bifenthrin x x F 14d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x 34.5-46 oz x 12h 69 oz
buprofezin x E x 14d 2
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz x x 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin G[r] x x 14d NA
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A 1.9 fl oz x x 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin s x x 21d NA
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B 6.5-12.7 fl oz/100 gal 12.7 fl oz/100 gal 12.7 fl oz/100 gal 4d 102 fl oz
diazinon F G u 21d 2
Dimethoate (4EC) 1B 0.5-1 pt/100 gal x 0.5-1 pt/100 gal 10d 2 pt
dimethoate u x u 28d NA
Dimilin 2L (2AF) (RUP) 15 12-48 fl oz x x 12h 64 fl oz
diflubenzuron E x x 14d 4
Envidor 2SC 23 x x 16-18 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen x x E 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C x 4-5 oz x 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen x E x 45d 2
Grandevo UN x x 2-3 lb 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae x x u 0d NA
(Continued)

61
Table 2-2. Insect management at late dormant to green bud1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla San Jose European REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 EGG/ADULT scale red mite PHI4 Max app6
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x 21-31 fl oz 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl x x E 14d 2
Lime-sulfur solution UN 3-5 gal 3-11 gal 3-11 gal 48h NA
calcium polysulfide E u u PB/PH* NA
Mustang Maxx (0.8EC) (RUP) 3A 1.2-4 fl oz x x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin G[r] x x 14d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x 13.7 fl oz 12h 27.4 fl oz
cyflumetofen x x E 7d 2
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A x x 11-17 fl oz 12h NA
pyridaben x x E 7d 1
Oil (superior) UN 2% 2% 2% 4h NA
mineral oil G G G 0d NA
Onager Optek (1EC) 10 x x 12-24 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox x x E 28d 1
Permethrin 3.2EC (RUP) 3A 8-16 fl oz x x 12h 26 fl oz
permethrin G[r] x x PB NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x x 2 pt 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate x x E 14d 1
Pounce 25WP (RUP) 3A 12.8-25.6 oz x x 12h 41.6 oz
permethrin G[r] x x PB* NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz x x 24h 25.6 fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin s x x 21d NA
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x 10.5-14 fl oz x 12h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x s x 14d NA
Soap (M-Pede, Des-X, etc.) UN 2% 2% 2% 12h NA
potassium salts of fatty acids F F u 0d NA
Sulfur (Microfine; 90%) UN x x 10-60 lb 24h NA
sulfur x x u 0d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN 50 lb x x 4h NA
kaolin G x x 0d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x 1-2 lb 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x G 14d 2
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 1A x x 6-8 pt 48h 8 pt
oxamyl x x G 14d 1
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz x x 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin s x x 21d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x 2-3 oz 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x E 14d 1
*PB = prebloom. PH = postharvest.

62
Pear Pre-bloom (Budburst up to Bloom) –
Diseases
Apply every 7-10 days after bud break to protect new
growth from green tip to bloom.
Disease management notes
• Syllit FL should be mixed with Mancozeb 75DF.
Begin applications at 1/4- to l/2-inch green tip and
continue on a 7- to 10-day schedule to bloom.

Table 2-3. Fungicides labeled for late dormant to bloom disease management1
Product and formulation FRAC Fabraea powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 leaf spot mildew scab PHI4 Max app6
Aprovia (EC) 7 x 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 12h 27.6 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr x F E-G 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG M x 2.5-5 lb 5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan x i G 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole x E-G E 0d NA
C-O-C-S M x x 0.5-1 lb 48 h 31 lb
copper oxychloride, sulfate x x u NA NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M x x 1-2.5 lb 12h NA
copper sulfate x x G-F NA NA
Ferbam Granulfo (76WDG) M 3.5 lb x 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam E x F NA 3
Flint Extra 11 x 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 fl oz 12h 10.5 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x G[r] E[r] 14d NA
Fontelis (SC) 7 x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x G E 28d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x F E 28d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz 12.5 fl oz 12h NA
isofetamid x s F 20d NA
Kocide 3000 M x x 0.75 lb 48h 53.3 lb
copper hydroxide x x G-F 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 2.4-6.8 fl oz 4-6.8 fl oz NA NA
fluopyram x G G-E NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x G[r] E[r] 14d 4
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x 11.2-16 fl oz 11.2-16 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x G E 72d NA
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 x 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin x G E 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M x 10-20 lb 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur x G i-F 0d NA
(Continued)

63
Table 2-3. Fungicides labeled for late dormant to bloom disease management1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC Fabraea powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 leaf spot mildew scab PHI4 Max app6
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 x 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen x G E 30d 4
OSO 5% SC 19 x 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 4h 78 fl oz
polyoxin D x F F 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 x 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 12h 74 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid x E[r] E[r] 0d 4
Procure 480SC 3 x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole x E[r] G[r] 14d NA
Roper DF Rainshield M 3 or 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb E i G 77d 6
Scala SC 9 x x 7-10 fl oz 12h 40 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x E-G 72d NA
Sovran (50WG) 11 x 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 oz 12h 25.6 oz
kresoxim-methyl x G[r] E[r] 30d 4
Syllit FL U12 3 pt x 3 pt 48h 9 pt
dodine G x E[r] 7d 3
Topguard Specialty Crops 3 x 8-12 fl oz 13 fl oz 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol x E E-G 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl E[r] G[r] i 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x 6.8 oz x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x E x 14d 1
Vangard WG 9 x x 5 oz 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x G 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 6 x 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram E x G 14d 7

Green Cluster to White Bud – Insects • Do not use sulfur or lime-sulfur within two weeks
of an oil spray. Sulfur or lime-sulfur should not be
Insect management notes applied once green tissue is present on sensitive
Pear psylla cultivars (Anjou, Comice or Seckle). Sulfur sprays
• At green cluster (tight cluster), eggs of pear psylla are most effective when the temperature is above
begin to hatch and young nymphs are found. Apply 60oF after application. Do not use sulfur or lime-
insecticide when eggs begin to hatch. If pyrethroids sulfur when temperatures are predicted to exceed
(Asana, Danitol, Mustang Maxx, Permethrin, 90oF during or within 3 days of application. Not all
Pounce) were used earlier for adult control, switch elemental sulfur or lime sulfur products are regis-
to different chemistry (e.g., Dimilin or Centaur, or tered in all Midwest states.
Esteem, Nexter or Surround). • Do not apply Actara after green cluster until petal
fall.

64
Table 2-4. Insecticides labeled for green cluster to white bud1
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla San Jose European REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 NYMPH scale red mite PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20D x x 0.7-1 lb 12h NA
bifenazate x x G 7d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A 5.5 oz x x 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam E x x 35d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 7 fl oz x x 12h 14 fl oz
imidacloprid G x x 7d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 2.2-4.2 fl oz x 2.2-4.2 fl oz 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin G x E 28d 2
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A x x 4-8 fl oz 12h NA
clofentezine x x E 21d 1
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 21-27 fl oz x x 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad G x x 14d 2
Assail 30SG 4A 4-8 oz x x 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid G x x 7d 4
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz x x 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin G x x 7d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A x x 5.1-12.8 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
bifenthrin x x F 14d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 34.5-46 oz 34.5-46 oz x 12h 69 oz
buprofezin u E x 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 4C 5.7 fl oz x x 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor s x x 7d 4
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 6-7 oz x x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram E x x 7d 4
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B x 12.7 fl oz/ 100 gal 12.7 fl oz/ 100 gal 4d 102 fl oz
diazinon x G u 21d 2
Dimethoate (4EC) 1B x x 0.5-1 pt/100 gal 10d 2 pt
dimethoate x x u 28d NA
Dimilin 2L (2AF) (RUP) 15 12-48 fl oz x x 12h 64 fl oz
diflubenzuron E x x 14d 4
Envidor 2SC 23 x x 16-18 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen x x E 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C 5 oz 4-5 oz x 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen G E x 45d 2
Grandevo UN 2-3 lb x 2-3 lb 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae u x u 0d NA
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x 21-31 fl oz 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl x x E 14d 2
Lime-sulfur solution UN x 3-11 gal 3-11 gal 48h NA
calcium polysulfide x u u PB/PH* NA
*PB = prebloom. PH = postharvest. (Continued)

65
Table 2-4. Insecticides labeled for green cluster to white bud1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla San Jose European REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 NYMPH scale red mite PHI4 Max app6
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x 13.7 fl oz 12h 27.4 fl oz
cyflumetofen x x E 7d 2
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz x x 4h NA
azadirachtin F x x 0d NA
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A 11-17 fl oz x 11-17 fl oz 12h NA
pyridaben G x E 7d 1
Oil (superior) UN x 2% 2% 4h NA
mineral oil x G G 0d NA
Onager Optek (1EC) 10 x x 12-24 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox x x E 28d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pt x 2 pt 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate G x E 14d 1
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 6 3.2-4.8 oz x 3.2-4.8 oz 12 or 48h 14.4 oz
emamectin benzoate s x s 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1.5-3 qt x x 12h 15 qt
carbaryl u x x 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D 10.5-14 fl oz 10.5-14 fl oz x 12h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone G s x 14d NA
Soap (M-Pede, Des-X, etc.) UN 2% 2% 2% 12h NA
potassium salts of fatty acids F F u 0d NA
Sulfur (Microfine; 90%) UN x x 10-60 lb 24h NA
sulfur x x u 0d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN 50 lb x x 4h NA
kaolin G x x 0d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x 1-2 lb 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x G 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 11 fl oz x x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole u x x 7d 3
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 1A x x 6-8 pt 48h 8 pt
oxamyl x x G 14d 1
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x 2-3 oz 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x E 14d 1

66
Pear Bloom through Petal Fall – Diseases by adding 1 pt of Regulaid to Streptomycin 17W
(1 lb).
Disease management notes
• In orchards with documented streptomycin resis-
Fire blight tant fire blight use Mycoshield 17WP (16 oz/200
• Start fire blight sprays at first sign of open blossoms. ppm) and generic oxytetracycline products alter-
Repeat sprays at 4- to 5-day intervals through nated with Kasumin 2L (64 oz per 100 gal). Do
bloom and petal fall on highly susceptible varieties. not exceed two sequential treatments per year for
A minimum of two applications are necessary to use to manage streptomycin-resistant fire blight
provide control. Better control has been obtained bacteria.

Table 2-5. Fungicides labeled for pear bloom through petal fall1
Product and formulation FRAC Fabraea fire blight powdery scab summer REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 leaf spot mildew rot PHI4 Max app6
Agri-Mycin 17 25 x 24-48 oz x x x 12h NA
streptomycin sulfate x G-E[r] x x x 50d NA
Aprovia (EC) 7 x x 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 12h 27.6 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr x x F E-G E-G 30d NA
Badge M x 0.5-1 pt x x x 48 h 56.3 pt
copper oxychloride x G-F x x x 0d NA
Captan 80 WDG M x x 2.5-5 lb 5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan x x i G G 0d NA
Cevya 3 x x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole x x E-G E x 0d NA
C-O-C-S M x 0.5-1 lb x 0.5-1 lb x 48 h 31 lb
copper oxychloride, sulfate x G-F x u x NA NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M x .75 x 1-2.5 lb x 12h NA
copper sulfate x G-F x G-F x NA NA
Ferbam Granulfo (76WDG) M 3.5 lb x x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam E x x F E-G NA 3
Flint Extra 11 x x 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 fl oz 2.9 fl oz 12h 10.5 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x x G[r] E[r] x 14d NA
Fontelis (SC) 7 x x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x G E x 28d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x x 12 fl oz 12 fl oz x 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x x F E x 28d NA
Kasumin 2L 24 x 64 fl oz x x x 12h 256 fl oz
kasugamycin x G x x x 90d 4
Kenja 400SC 7 x x 12.5 fl fl oz 12.5 fl oz x 12h NA
isofetamid x x s F x 20d NA
Kocide 3000 M x 0.75 lb x 0.75 lb x 48h 53.3 lb
copper hydroxide x G-F x G-F x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x x 2.4-6.8 fl oz 4-6.8 fl oz x NA NA
fluopyram x x G G-E x NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x x 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x x G[r] E[r] x 14d 4
(Continued)

67
Table 2-5. Fungicides labeled for pear bloom through petal fall1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC Fabraea fire blight powdery scab summer REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 leaf spot mildew rot PHI4 Max app6
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 11.2-16 fl oz 11.2-16 fl oz x 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x x G E x 72d NA
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 x x 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin x x G E E-G 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M x x 10-20 lb 10-20 lb x 24h NA
sulfur x x G i-F x 0d NA
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 x x 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz x 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen x x G E x 30d 4
Mycoshield 41 x 1 lb x x x 12h 9 lb
oxytetracyline x G x x x 60d 6
OSO 5% SC 19 x x 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5 fl oz 4h 78 fl oz
polyoxin D x x F F x 0d 6
Polyram 80 DF M3 x x x 3 lb x 24h 21 lb
metiran x x x G x 77d 7
Pristine 11+7 x x 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 oz 12h 74 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid x x E[r] E[r] E-G[r] 0d 4
Procure 480SC 3 x x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz x 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole x x E[r] G[r] x 14d NA
Roper DF Rainshield M x x 6 lb 6 lb 3 lb 24h 21 lb
mancozeb x x i G E-G 77d 6
Scala SC 9 x x x 7-10 fl oz x 12h 40 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x x E-G x 72d NA
Sovran (50WG) 11 x x 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 12h 25.6 oz
kresoxim-methyl x x G[r] E[r] x 30d 4
Topguard Specialty Crops 3 x x 8-12 fl oz 13 fl oz 13 fl oz 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol x x E E-G E-F[r] 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl E[r] x G[r] i E-G[r] 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x 6.8 oz x x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x x E x x 14d 1
Vangard WG 9 x x x 5 oz x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x x G x 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 6 lb x x 6 lb 6 lb 48h 42.4 lb
ziram E x x G E 14d 7

68
Pear Petal Fall – Insects Agri-Mek, Delegate and Actara. Agri-Mek is effec-
tive now through second cover because leaves are
7-10 days after bloom. tender; it is not as effective once leaves harden off.
Insect management notes • Codling moth: If pheromone mating disruption
• Pear psylla: The pear psylla population should is used, dispensers should be set up at petal fall.
be low at this time if insecticides were applied at Recommended only in orchards that are 5 acres or
earlier stages. Petal fall is peak egg hatch. Nymphs larger. See list of products in Apple chapter, pages
are the target of spray at petal fall. Best options are 26-27.

Table 2-6. Insecticides labeled for pear at petal fall1

Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla plum stink tarnished REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 NYMPH curculio bug plant bug PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A 5.5 oz 4.5-5.5 oz x x 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam E G x x 35d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 7 fl oz x x x 12h 14 fl oz
imidacloprid G x x x 7d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 2.2-4.2 fl oz x x x 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin G x x x 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x 2.5-4.5 oz x x 4h 9 fl oz
chlorantraniliprole x s x x 5d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 21-27 fl oz 21-27 fl oz x x 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad G G x x 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x 4.8-14.5 fl oz x x 12h 72 fl oz
esfenvalerate x F x x 28d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 4-8 oz 8 oz x x 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid G G x x 7d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.4-2.8 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 12h 2.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin x F G E 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 4-6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin G G E G 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 x x x 2-2.8 oz 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid x x x G 21d 3
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A x 2.6-12.8 fl oz 2.6-12.8 fl oz 2.6-12.8 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
bifenthrin x F E E 14d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 34.5-46 oz x x x 12h 69 oz
buprofezin u x x x 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 4C 5.7 fl oz x x 2.7-5.7 fl oz 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor s x x G 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x x 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin x x G G 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 6-7 oz 6-7 oz x x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram E s x x 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A x 0.9-1.9 fl oz 1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin x F u E 21d NA
Dimilin 2L (2AF) (RUP) 15 12-48 fl oz x x x 12h 64 fl oz
diflubenzuron E x x x 14d 4
(Continued)
69
Table 2-6. Insecticides labeled for pear at petal fall1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla plum stink tarnished REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 NYMPH curculio bug plant bug PHI4 Max app6
Esteem 35WP 7C 5 oz x x x 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen G x x x 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5-20.5 13.5-20.5 x x 12h 61 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
cyantraniliprole s G x x 3d 3
Grandevo UN 2-3 lb x x x 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae u x x x 0d NA
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.1-5.7 lb x x 7d 16 lb
phosmet x G x x 7d NA
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A 32-36 fl oz x x x 12h 36 fl oz
fenazaquin G x x x 7d 1
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz x x x 24h 25 fl oz
spirotetramat G x x x 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.8EC) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x F G E 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz x 7-16 fl oz 7-16 fl oz 4h NA
azadirachtin F x u G 0d NA
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A 11-17 fl oz x x x 12h NA
pyridaben G x x x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pt x x x 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate G x x x 14d 1
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 25.6 fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin x G F E 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 6 3.2-4.8 oz x x x 12 or 48h 14.4 oz
emamectin benzoate s x x x 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1.5-3 qt 1.5-3 qt x 1.5-3 qt 12h 15 qt
carbaryl u F x i 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D 10.5-14 fl oz x x x 12h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone G x x x 14d NA
Soap (M-Pede, Des-X, etc.) UN 2% x x x 12h NA
potassium salts of fatty acids F x x x 0d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN 50 lb x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 4h NA
kaolin G x s s 0d NA
Transform WG (50WG) 4C 2.75 oz x x 1.5-2.7 oz 24h 8.5 oz
sulfoxaflor s x x u 7d 4
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole u G s x 7d 3
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 1A x x 1.5-4 pt x 48h 8 pt
oxamyl x x G x 14d 1
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin x G G G 21d NA

70
Pear Summer Cover – Diseases • Use of Ferbam products is not recommended for
later cover sprays due to the presence of unsightly
10-14 days after petal fall, with applications every 10-14 residue at harvest.
days as needed, continuing until harvest.
• The following products have 28- or 30-day PHI. Be
Disease management notes careful of their use close to harvest to avoid MRL
• Where Febraea leaf spot is a problem, use Flint issues: Aprovia, Fontelis, Inspire Super, Miravis,
Extra, Sovran or Ziram. Observe preharvest interval Omega and Sovran.
requirements. • Luna Tranquility has a 72-day PHI.

Table 2-7. Fungicides for pear disease management at summer cover1

summer
sooty rots
Product and formulation FRAC bitter powdery blotch/ (black and Fabraea REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 rot mildew scab flyspeck white) leaf spot PHI4 Max app6
Aprovia (EC) 7 5.5-7 fl 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz 5.5-7 fl oz x 12h 27.6 fl oz
oz
benzovindiflupyr S (E-G) F E-G E-G F x 30d NA
Captan 80 WDG M 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 5 lb 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb x 24h 40 lb
captan E i G G S (G-F) x 0d NA
Cevya 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz x 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole G E-G E E E x 0d NA
C-O-C-S M x x 0.5-1 lb x x x 48 h 31 lb
copper oxychloride, sulfate x x u x x x NA NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss M x x 1-2.5 lb x x x 12h NA
copper sulfate x x G-F x x x NA NA
Ferbam Granulfo (76WDG) M 3.5 lb x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h NA
ferbam F x F F G E NA 3
Flint Extra 11 2.9 fl oz 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.5-2.9 2.9 fl oz x
12h 10.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
trifloxystrobin s[G] G[r] E[r] G s[G] x 14d NA
Fontelis (SC) 7 x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x 16-20 fl oz x 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x G E x u x 28d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 12 fl oz 12 fl oz 12 fl oz x x 12h 60 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil s F E E x x 28d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz 12.5 fl oz x x x 12h NA
isofetamid x s F x x x 20d NA
Kocide 3000 M x x 0.75 lb x x x 48h 53.3 lb
copper hydroxide x x G-F x x x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 2.4-6.8 fl oz 4-6.8 fl oz 6.8 fl oz x x NA NA
fluopyram x G G-E F-G x x NA NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 4-5.8 fl oz 5-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz 4-5.8 fl oz x 12h 21 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin i-E G[r] E[r] G-E E x 14d 4
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz x 12h 22 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E G E E E x 0d 4
(Continued)

71
Table 2-7. Fungicides for pear disease management at summer cover1 (continued)
summer
sooty rots
Product and formulation FRAC bitter powdery blotch/ (black and Fabraea REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 rot mildew scab flyspeck white) leaf spot PHI4 Max app6
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb 10-20 lb 10-20 lb x x x 24h NA
sulfur u G i-F x x x 0d NA
Miravis (1.67 SC) 7 x 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz 3.4 fl oz x x 4h 13.6 fl oz
pydiflumetofen x G E G x x 30d 4
OSO 5% SC 19 6.5 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5 fl oz 6.5 fl oz x 4h 78 fl oz
polyoxin D F F F F F x 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 oz 14.5-18.5 14.5-18.5 oz x 12h 74 oz
oz oz oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid F-E E[r] E[r] E E x 0d 4
Procure 480SC 3 x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz x x x 12h 64 fl oz
triflumizole x E[r] G[r] x x x 14d NA
Sovran (50WG) 11 x 4-6.4 oz 3.2-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz x 12h 25.6 oz
kresoxim-methyl x G[r] E[r] G G x 30d 4
Topguard Specialty Crops 3 13 fl oz 8-12 fl oz 13 fl oz x 13 fl oz x 12h 52 fl oz
flutriafol u E E-G x u x 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate methyl E[r] G[r] i E-G [r] G E-G[R] 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x 6.8 oz x x x x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x E x x x x 14d 1
Ziram 76DF M3 6 lb x 6 lb 6 lb 6 lb 6 48h 42.4 lb
ziram G x G G i E 14d 7

Pear First and Second Cover – Insects • Pear rust mite: Pear rust mite is not a problem in
most orchards but can be a problem in young or-
10-14 days after petal fall and 10-14 days later. chards or where pyrethroids have been used. First
Insect management notes cover is the best time to control pear rust mite if
• Codling moth: First and second cover are the key not treated pre-bloom. If pear rust mite is present,
times to control codling moth, to kill young larvae note that Agri-Mek, Nexter, Magister and Portal
as they emerge from eggs. Read the insecticide control both pear psylla and pear rust mite.
label to see if an adjuvant is recommended. Opti- • San Jose scale “crawlers”: Sprays should target
mal timing for the first spray can be determined by the crawler stage, which usually begins in early
using pheromone traps to monitor codling moth, summer, around the time of second or third cover.
and a degree-day model to track temperature after A pheromone trap and a degree-day model can be
moth flight begins. See table in Apple chapter for used to predict the timing of crawler emergence.
degree-day targets for various insecticides.
• Pear psylla: Pear psylla control is required in first
or second covers only if control at petal-fall was
not adequate. Best results occur when pear psylla
is treated in its young nymphal stage.

72
Table 2-8. Insecticides for pear pest management at first and second cover1
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla plum pear rust codling REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 NYMPH curculio mite moth PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A 5.5 oz 4.5-5.5 oz x x 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam E G x x 35d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 7 fl oz x x x 12h 14 fl oz
imidacloprid G x x x 7d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 2.2-4.2 fl oz x 2.2-4.2 fl oz x 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin G x E x 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x 2.5-4.5 oz x 2.5-4.5 oz 4h 9 fl oz
chlorantraniliprole x s x E 5d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 21-27 fl oz 21-27 fl oz 21-27 fl oz 21-27 fl oz 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad G G u s 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x 4.8-14.5 fl oz x 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 72 fl oz
esfenvalerate x F x G 28d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 4-8 oz 8 oz x 4-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid G G x E 7d 4
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) (Dipel DF, 11A x x x 0.5-2 lb 4h NA
etc.)
Bacillus thuringiensis x x x F 0d NA
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.4-2.8 fl oz x 2-2.4 fl oz 12h 2.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin x F x G 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin G G x s 7d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A x 2.6-12.8 fl oz x 2.6-12.8 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
bifenthrin x F x G 14d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 34.5-46 oz x x x 12h 69 oz
buprofezin u x x x 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 4C 5.7 fl oz x x x 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor s x x x 7d 4
Confirm 2F 18 x x x 20 fl oz 4h 20 fl oz
tebufenozide x x x F 14d 120 fl oz
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x x x 16-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin x x x G 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 6-7 oz 6-7 oz x 4.5-7 oz 4h 28 oz
spinetoram E s x E 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A x 0.9-1.9 fl oz x 0.9-1.9 fl oz 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin x F x G 21d NA
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B x x x 12.7 fl oz/100 4d 102 fl oz
gal
diazinon x x x F 21d 2
Dimilin 2L (2AF) (RUP) 15 12-48 fl oz x 40-48 fl oz 12-16 fl oz 12h 64 fl oz
diflubenzuron E x u u 14d 4
(Continued)

73
Table 2-8. Insecticides for pear pest management at first and second cover1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla plum pear rust codling REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 NYMPH curculio mite moth PHI4 Max app6
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x x 6-10 fl oz 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x x x F 7d 4
Envidor 2SC 23 x x 16-18 fl oz x 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen x x E x 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C 5 oz x x 5 oz 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen G x x G 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5-20.5 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz x 8.5-17 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
cyantraniliprole s G x E 3d 3
Grandevo UN 2-3 lb x 2-3 lb 1-3 lb 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae u x u F 0d NA
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.1-5.7 lb x 2.1-5.7 lb 7d 16 lb
phosmet x G x G 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x x 16 fl oz 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x x s 14d NA
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A 32-36 fl oz x 32-36 fl oz x 12h 36 fl oz
fenazaquin G x G x 7d 1
Mating disruption UN x x x see apple 0h NA
Isomate, Checkmate x x x G 0d NA
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz x 6-9 fl oz 6-9 fl oz 24h 25 fl oz
spirotetramat G x u s 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.8EC) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-4 fl oz x 1.2-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x F x G 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz x x 4-16 fl oz 4h NA
azadirachtin F x x F 0d NA
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A 11-17 fl oz x 11-17 fl oz x 12h NA
pyridaben G x E x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pt x 2 pt x 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate G x G x 14d 1
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.5-5.1 fl oz x 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 25.6 fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin x G x G 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 6 3.2-4.8 oz x x 4.8 oz 12 or 48h 14.4 oz
emamectin benzoate s x x F 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1.5-3 qt 1.5-3 qt 1.5-3 qt 3 qt 12h 15 qt
carbaryl u F G F 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D 10.5-14 fl oz x x x 12h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone G x x x 14d NA
Soap (M-Pede, Des-X, etc.) UN 2% x 2% x 12h NA
potassium salts of fatty acids F x u x 0d NA
(Continued)

74
Table 2-8. Insecticides for pear pest management at first and second cover1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC pear psylla plum pear rust codling REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 NYMPH curculio mite moth PHI4 Max app6
Surround WP (95WP) UN 50 lb x x 25-50 lb 4h NA
kaolin G x x s 0d NA
Transform WG (50WG) 4C 2.75 oz x x x 24h 8.5 oz
sulfoxaflor s x x x 7d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x 1-2 lb x 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x G x 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz x 5.5-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole u G x E 7d 3
Virus (Cyd-X HP) 31 x x x 0.5-3 fl oz 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus x x x G 0d NA
Virus (Madex HP) 31 x x x 0.5-3 fl oz 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus x x x G 0d NA
Virus (Virosoft CP4) 31 x x x 1.6-3.2 fl oz 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus x x x G 0d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-2.5 fl oz x 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin x G x G 21d NA

75
Pear Summer Covers – Insects • San Jose scale: Sprays should target the crawler
stage, which usually begins in early summer,
Apply at 10- to 14-day intervals observing harvest around the time of second or third cover. A phero-
restrictions and limitations. mone trap and a degree-day model can be used to
Insect management notes predict the timing of crawler emergence.
• Pear psylla: For cultural control, it is very import- • Codling moth: Fifth and sixth cover sprays target
ant to prune water sprouts, which appear in early the new generation of young larvae as they
summer. This removal destroys the favorite habitat emerge from eggs.
of pear psylla. Make two applications 10-12 days • Stink bug: The time that stink bugs arrive is
apart to target second-generation young nymphs, variable, sometimes in the pre-bloom period,
in early summer, usually in about mid-June. The sometimes in early summer, sometimes not until
first new summer adults appear about three weeks late summer. Native stink bugs can be present
after full bloom. Adults are found on terminals pre-bloom or post-bloom. At locations where
and water sprouts. The adults are more difficult to brown marmorated stink bug is present, it is most
control than young nymphs. The first new summer commonly controlled in third, fourth and fifth cover
adults appear about three weeks after full bloom. sprays.
Adults are found on terminals and water sprouts.
Third generation nymphs can be controlled in
mid-summer, around mid-July.

Table 2-9. Insecticides for pear at summer cover1

Max
pear San Jose amt5
Product and formulation IRAC European psylla scale codling stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 red mite mealybug NYMPH CRAWLERS moth bug PHI4 app6
Acramite 50WS 20D 0.7-1 lb x x x x x 12h NA
bifenazate G x x x x x 7d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A x 4.5-5.5 oz 5.5 oz x x x 12h 16.5 oz
thiamethoxam x G E x x x 35d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 2.8 fl oz x x 12h 14 fl oz
imidacloprid x G G F x x 7d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 2.2-4.2 x 2.2-4.2 x x x 12h 8.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
abamectin E x G x x x 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x x x x 2.5-4.5 oz x 4h 9 fl oz
chlorantraniliprole x x x x E x 5d NA
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A 4-8 fl oz x x x x x 12h NA
clofentezine E x x x x x 21d 1
Apta (1.34SC) 21A x 21-27 fl oz 21-27 fl oz x 21-27 fl oz x 12h 53.5 fl
oz
tolfenpyrad x u G x s x 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x x x x 4.8-14.5 x 12h 72 fl oz
fl oz
esfenvalerate x x x x G x 28d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 4-8 oz 4-8 oz 8 oz 4-8 oz x 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid x G G s E x 7d 4
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 x x x x 5-6 oz x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x x x x G x 28d 4
(Continued)

76
Table 2-9. Insecticides for pear at summer cover1 (continued)
Max
pear San Jose amt5
Product and formulation IRAC European psylla scale codling stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 red mite mealybug NYMPH CRAWLERS moth bug PHI4 app6
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) (Dipel 11A x x x x 0.5-2 lb x 4h NA
DF, etc.)
Bacillus thuringiensis x x x x F x 0d NA
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x x x 2.4-2.8 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 2-2.4 fl 12h 2.8 fl oz
oz
beta-cyfluthrin x x x F G G 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin x G G G s E 7d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 5.1-12.8 x x 2.6-12.8 fl oz 2.6-12.8 2.6- 12h 32 fl oz
fl oz fl oz 12.8 fl
oz
bifenthrin F x x F G E 14d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x 34.5-46 oz 34.5-46 oz 34.5-46 oz x x 12h 69 oz
buprofezin x G u E x x 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x x 5.7 fl oz 5.7 fl oz x x 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor x x s s x x 7d 4
Confirm 2F 18 x x x x 20 fl oz x 4h 120 fl oz
tebufenozide x x x x F x 14d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x x x x 16-21.3 16-21.3 24h 42.7 fl
fl oz fl oz oz
fenpropathrin x x x x G G 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x x 6-7 oz x 4.5-7 oz x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x x E x E x 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 3A x x x 0.9-1.9 fl oz 0.9-1.9 fl oz 1.9 fl oz 12h 3.6 fl oz
deltamethrin x x x u G u 21d NA
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B 12.7 fl oz/ 12.7 fl oz/ x 12.7 fl oz/ 100 12.7 fl oz/ x 4d 102 fl oz
100 gal 100 gal gal 100 gal
diazinon u G x G F x 21d 2
Dimethoate (4EC) 1B 0.5-1 x x x x x 10d 2 pt
pt/100 gal
dimethoate u x x x x x 28d NA
Dimilin 2L (2AF) (RUP) 15 x x 12-48 fl oz x 12-16 fl oz x 12h 64 fl oz
diflubenzuron x x E x u x 14d 4
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x x x 6-10 fl oz x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x x x x F x 7d 4
Envidor 2SC 23 16-18 fl oz x x x x x 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen E x x x x x 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C x x 5 oz 4-5 oz 5 oz x 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen x x G E G x 45d 2
(Continued)

77
Table 2-9. Insecticides for pear at summer cover1 (continued)
Max
pear San Jose amt5
Product and formulation IRAC European psylla scale codling stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 red mite mealybug NYMPH CRAWLERS moth bug PHI4 app6
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x x 13.5-20.5 x 8.5-17 fl oz x 12h 61 fl oz
fl oz
cyantraniliprole x x s x E x 3d 3
Grandevo UN 2-3 lb 2-3 lb 2-3 lb 2-3 lb 1-3 lb x 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae u u u u F x 0d NA
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.1-5.7 lb x x 2.1-5.7 lb x 7d 16 lb
phosmet x F x x G x 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x x x 16 fl oz x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x x x s x 14d NA
Kanemite 15SC 20B 21-31 fl oz x x x x x 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl E x x x x x 14d 2
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A 32-36 fl oz x 32-36 fl oz x x x 12h 36 fl oz
fenazaquin G x G x x x 7d 1
Mating disruption UN x x x x see apple x 0h NA
Isomate, Checkmate x x x x G x 0d NA
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz 6-9 fl oz 6-9 fl oz 6-9 fl oz 6-9 fl oz x 24h 25 fl oz
spirotetramat s G G E s x 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.8EC) (RUP) 3A x x x x 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl 12h 24 fl oz
oz
zeta-cypermethrin x x x x G G 14d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 13.7 fl oz x x x x x 12h 27.4 fl oz
cyflumetofen E x x x x x 7d 2
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN x 7-16 fl oz 7-16 fl oz 6-16 fl oz 4-16 fl oz 7-16 fl 4h NA
oz
azadirachtin x i F u F u 0d NA
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A 11-17 fl oz x 11-17 fl oz x x x 12h NA
pyridaben E x G x x x 7d 1
Oil (superior) UN see label x x see label x x 4h NA
mineral oil G x x G x x 0d NA
Onager Optek (1EC) 10 12-24 fl oz x x x x x 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox E x x x x x 28d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pt 2 pt 2 pt x x x 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate E u G x x x 14d 1
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A x x x 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 24h 25.6 fl
fl oz oz
gamma-cyhalothrin x x x G G F 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 6 3.2-4.8 oz x 3.2-4.8 oz x 4.8 oz x 12 or 14.4 oz
48h
emamectin benzoate s x s x F x 14d NA
(Continued)

78
Table 2-9. Insecticides for pear at summer cover1 (continued)
Max
pear San Jose amt5
Product and formulation IRAC European psylla scale codling stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 red mite mealybug NYMPH CRAWLERS moth bug PHI4 app6
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A x x 1.5-3 qt 1.5-3 qt 3 qt x 12h 15 qt
carbaryl x x u F F x 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x x 10.5-14 fl oz 10.5-14 fl oz x x 12h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x x G G x x 14d NA
Soap (M-Pede, Des-X, etc.) UN 2% 2% 2% 2% x x 12h NA
potassium salts of fatty acids u G F F x x 0d NA
Sulfur (Microfine; 90%) UN 10-60 lb x x x x x 24h NA
sulfur u x x x x x 0d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN x x 50 lb x 25-50 lb 25-50 4h NA
lb
kaolin x x G x s s 0d NA
Transform WG (50WG) 4C x x 2.75 oz 2.75 oz x x 24h 8.5 oz
sulfoxaflor x x s s x x 7d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B 1-2 lb x x x x x 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide G x x x x x 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x x 11 fl oz x 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl 4h 33 fl oz
oz
cyclaniliprole x x u x E s 7d 3
Virus (Cyd-X HP) 31 x x x x 0.5-3 fl oz x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus x x x x G x 0d NA
Virus (Madex HP) 31 x x x x 0.5-3 fl oz x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus x x x x G x 0d NA
Virus (Virosoft CP4) 31 x x x x 1.6-3.2 fl oz x 4h NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus x x x x G x 0d NA
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 1A 6-8 pt x x x x 1.5-4 pt 48h 8 pt
oxamyl G x x x x G 14d 1
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A x x x 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 24h 12.8 fl
fl oz oz
lambda-cyhalothrin x x x F G G 21d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B 2-3 oz x x x x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole E x x x x x 14d 1

79
Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Pear Diseases1
sooty
Product and formulation FRAC blotch / powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot pear scab fire blight flyspeck mildew PHI 4
Max app6
Aprovia (EC) 12h 27.6 fl oz
7 s E-G x G-E F
benzovindiflupyr 30d NA
Captan 4L 24h 32 qt
M3 G G x G x
captan 0d NA
Cevya (formulation) 12h NA
3 x G x G x
mefentrifluconazole 0d NA
Ferbam Granulfo 24h 10.5 lb
M G F x F x
ferbam Not listed 3
FireLine 17WP 12h 9 lb
41 x x x x x
oxytetracycline 60d 6
Fixed copper pesticides 48h 30 lb
M x x F[r] x x
basic copper sulfate see label NA
Flint Extra 12h 10.5 fl oz
11 x F-G x G G
trifloxystrobin 14d NA
Fontelis (SC) 12h 61 fl oz
7 G G-E x x G
penthiopyrad 28d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 12h 60 fl oz
3+9 x G-E x E G
difenoconazole + cyprodinil 28d NA
Kasumin 2L 12h 256 fl oz
24 x x G x x
kasugamycin hydrochloride 90d 4
Luna Sensation (SC) 12h 21 fl oz
7+11 G G-E x E-F E[r]
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin 14d 4
Luna Tranquility (SC) 12h 54.7 fl oz
7+9 s G-E x x G
fluopyram + pyrimethanil 72d NA
Mancozeb 75DF 24h 21 lb
M3 G G x x x
mancozeb 77d NA
Merivon (2.09SC) 12h 22 fl oz
7+11 G G-E x E E
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin 0d 4
Mycoshield 17WP 12h NA
41 x x F-G x x
oxytetracycline 60d 6
Pristine 12h 74 oz
7+11 F G-E[r] x E G-F
pyaclostrobin + boscalid 0d 4
Procure 480SC 12h 64 fl oz
3 x G[r] x x E[r]
triflumizole 14d NA
Scala SC 12h 40 fl oz
9 x G x x x
pyrimethanil 7d NA
Sovran (50WG) 12h 25.6 oz
11 x G[r] x G-E G
kresoxim-methyl 30d 4
Streptomycin 17W 12h NA
25 x x E-G[r] x x
streptomycin sulfate 30d NA
(Continued)

80
Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Pear Diseases1 (continued)
sooty
Product and formulation FRAC blotch / powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 bitter rot pear scab fire blight flyspeck mildew PHI 4
Max app6
Sulfur, Microthiol Disperss 24h NA
M x x x x G
sulfur 0d NA
Syllit 48h 9 pt
U12 x F-G x x x
dodine “Pink” 2
Topguard (SC) 12h 52 fl oz
3 x E x x E
flutriafol 14d 4
Topsin-M WSB 24h 4 lb
1 G G-E x G-E G[r]
thiophanate -methyl 1d NA
Torino (SC) 4h 6.8 oz
U6 x x x x G
cyflufenamid 14d 1
Vangard WG (75WG) 12h 30 oz
9 x G x x x
cyprodinil 0d 2
Ziram 76DF 48h 42.4 lb
M3 G G x G x
ziram 14d 7
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited.
Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.
Sources: Plant Disease Management Reports (PDMR) PF011, SMF003, PF019, PF033

81
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Pear Insects and Mites1
Major Minor

pear leaf blister mite

tarnished plant bug

European red mite

periodical cicada
San Jose scale

pear rust mite

plum curculio
codling moth

pear psylla

stink bugs

mealybug
Product and formulation IRAC Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 REI3 PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 12h NA
20D x x x x G x x x x x x
bifenazate 7d 1
Actara (25WDG) 12h 16.5 oz
4A x E x x x G x x x G x
thiamethoxam 14 or 35d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 12h 10.5/14 fl oz
4A x G F x x G x x x x x
imidacloprid 7 or 21d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 12h 8.5 fl oz
6 x G x x E x x E x x x
abamectin 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 4h 9 fl oz
28 E x x x x x x x x s x
chlorantraniliprole 5d NA
Apollo SC (1SC) 12h NA
10A x x x x E x x x x x x
clofentezine 21d 1
Apta (1.34SC) 12h 53.5 fl oz
21A s G x x x u x u x G x
tolfenpyrad 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 12h 72 fl oz
3A G G[r] x x x x x x E F x
esfenvalerate 28d NA
Assail 30SG 12h 32 oz
4A E G s x x G x x x G x
acetamiprid 7d 4
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 12h 24 oz
22A G x x x x x x x x x x
indoxacarb 28d 4
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) 4h NA
(Agree, Dipel, etc.) 11A F x x x x x x x x x x
0d NA
Bacillus thuringiensis
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 12h 2.8 fl oz
3A G x F G x x x x E F E
cyfluthrin 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 12h 12 fl oz
4A s G G E x G x x x G G
clothianidin 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 12h 8.4 oz
29 x x x x x x x x x x G
flonicamid 21d 3
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 12h 32 fl oz
3A G x P E F x x x x F E
bifenthrin 14d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 12h 34.5 oz
16 x x E x x G x x x x x
buprofezin 14d 1
Closer SC (2SC) 12h 17 fl oz
4C x s s x x x x x x x G
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
(Continued)

82
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Pear Insects and Mites1 (continued)
Major Minor

pear leaf blister mite

tarnished plant bug

European red mite

periodical cicada
San Jose scale

pear rust mite

plum curculio
codling moth

pear psylla

stink bugs

mealybug
Product and formulation IRAC Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 REI3 PHI4 Max app6
Confirm 2F 4h 120 fl oz
18 F x x x x x x x x x x
tebufenozide 14d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 42.7 fl oz
3A G G[r] x G G x x x E F G
fenpropathrin 14d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 4h 28 oz
5 E E x x x x x x x s x
spinetoram 7d 4
Delta Gold (1.5EC) (RUP) 12h 3.6 fl oz
3A G s u u x x x x E F E
deltamethrin 21d NA
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 4d 102 fl oz
1B F F G x u G u x x x x
diazinon 21d 2
Dimethoate (4EC) 10d 2 pt
1B x u x x u x u x x x x
dimethoate 28d NA
Dimilin 2L (2AF) (RUP) 12h 64 fl oz
15 u E x x x x x u x x x
diflubenzuron 14d 4
Entrust SC (2SC) 4h 29 fl oz
5 F x x x x x x x x x x
spinosad 7d 4
Envidor 2SC 12h 18 fl oz
23 x x x x E x x E x x x
spirodiclofen 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 12h 10 oz
7C G G E x x x x x x x x
pyriproxyfen 45d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 12h 61 fl oz
28 E s x x x x x x x G x
cyantraniliprole 3d 3
Grandevo 4h NA
UN F u x x u u u u x x x
Chromobacterium subtsugae 0d NA
Imidan 70W 7 or 14d 16 lb
1B G x x x x F x x x G x
phosmet 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 4h 64 fl oz
18 s x x x x x x x x x x
methoxyfenozide 14d NA
Kanemite 15SC 12h 62 fl oz
20B x x x x E x x x x x x
acequinocyl 14d 2
Lime-sulfur 48h NA
UN x E u x u x G u x x x
calcium polysulfide (prebloom only) NA
Magister SC (1.7SC) 12h 36 fl oz
21A x G x x G x x G x x x
fenazaquin 7d 1
Mating disruption 0h NA
UN G x x x x x x x x x x
Isomate, Checkmate 0d NA
(Continued)

83
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Pear Insects and Mites1
Major Minor

pear leaf blister mite

tarnished plant bug

European red mite

periodical cicada
San Jose scale

pear rust mite

plum curculio
codling moth

pear psylla

stink bugs

mealybug
Product and formulation IRAC Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 REI3 PHI4 Max app6
Movento (2SC) 24h 25 fl oz
23 s G E x s G x u x x x
spirotetramat 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 12h 24 fl oz
3A G G[r] x G x x x x x F E
zeta-cypermethrin 14d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 12h 27.4 fl oz
25A x x x x E x x x x x x
cyflumetofen 7d 2
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) 4h NA
un F F u u x P x x x x G
azadirachtin 0d NA
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 12h NA
21A x G x x E x x E x x x
pyridaben 7d 1
Oil (superior) 4h NA
UN x G G x G x u x x x x
mineral oil 0d NA
Onager Optek (1EC) 12h 24 fl oz
10A x x x x E x x x x x x
hexythiazox 28d 1
Permethrin 3.2EC (RUP) 12h 26 fl oz
3A G G[r] x x x x x x x x x
permethrin (prebloom only) NA
Pounce 25WP (RUP) 12h 41.6 oz
3A G G[r] x x x x x x x x x
permethrin (prebloom only) NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 12h 2 pt
21A x G x x E u x G x x x
fenpyroximate 14d 1
PQZ (1.87SC) 12h 4.8 fl oz
9B x x x x x x x x x x x
pyrifluquinazon 14d 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 24h 25.6 fl oz
3A G s G F x x x x E G E
gamma-cyhalothrin 21d NA
Proclaim (5SG) (RUP) 12 or 48h 14.4 oz
6 F s x x s x x x x x x
emamectin benzoate 14d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 12h 15 qt
1A F u F x x x F G G F P
carbaryl 3d 8
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 12h 28 fl oz
4D x G s x x x x x x x x
flupyradifurone 14d NA
Soap (M-Pede, Des-X, etc.) 12h NA
UN x F F x u G x u x x x
potassium salts of fatty acids 0d NA
Surround WP (95WP) 4h NA
UN s G x s x x x x s x s
kaolin 0d NA
Transform WG (50WG) 24h 8.5 oz
4C x s s x x x x x x x u
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
(Continued)

84
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Pear Insects and Mites1 (continued)
Major Minor

pear leaf blister mite

tarnished plant bug

European red mite

periodical cicada
San Jose scale

pear rust mite

plum curculio
codling moth

pear psylla

stink bugs

mealybug
Product and formulation IRAC Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 REI3 PHI4 Max app6
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 48h 4 lb
12B x x x x G x x G x x x
fenbutatin-oxide 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 4h 33 fl oz
28 E u x s x x x x x G x
cyclaniliprole 7d 3
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 12h 7 fl oz
9D x x x x x x x x x x x
afidopyropen 7d NA
Virus (Cyd-X HP, Madex HP, 4h NA
Virosoft CP4) 31 G x x x x x x x x x x
0d NA
Cydia pomonella granulovirus
Vydate L (2L) (RUP) 48h 8 pt
1A x x x G G x x F x x x
oxamyl 14d 1
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 24h 12.8 fl oz
3A G s F G x x x x E G G
lambda-cyhalothrin 21d NA
Zeal (72WP) 12h 3 oz
10B x x x x E x x x x x x
etoxazole 14d 1
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

85
 3. CHERRY
Cherry Spray Schedule All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-Entry
4

Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time

Entomology Section Editor: D. Lewis, C. Guedot immediately after a pesticide application when entry
Pathology Section Editor: J. Beckerman
into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI.
How to read the spray schedule tables Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pes-
ticides during harvest.
Every cherry growth stage has important notes on
disease or insect management. In some cases, the Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of
reader will be directed to the special problems section product per season AND maximum number of appli-
at the end of the section or chapter. Please make sure cations.
to read thoroughly and contact your state Extension 5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/
specialist with any specific questions. acre/year.
Key to tables 6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of
E = excellent control applications per year.
G = good control
F = fair control Cherry Dormant – Diseases
[r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible Before buds break in the spring.
s = suppression only
i = ineffective Notes on disease management
u = unknown efficacy • Bacterial canker: Bacterial canker is generally
x = pest not on the label more serious on sweet than tart cherry. Dormant
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials copper sprays are an effective method for control
conducted across various regions and does not neces- of bacterial canker. All stone fruit, including cherry,
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over are extremely sensitive to copper. Sprays must
time. Growers should contact their Extension special- be timed to reduce P. syringae inoculum without
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information. causing phytotoxicity. Tart cherries may require
The information on this publication is only a guide; the continued protection through bloom.
authors and their institutions assume no liability for • Application of copper for bacterial canker at this
practices implemented based on this information. Al- time may reduce the overwintering inoculum of the
ways read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the cherry leaf spot pathogen.
law. Product registration may vary by state. • Make first application before fall rains and a second
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the at late dormant.
fungicide/insecticide. • Phytophthora: See Phytophthora Disease Man-
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the agement of Stone Fruit on page 153.
number of days before harvest that the product may
not be applied.

Table 3-1. Products registered for disease management at dormant1

Product and formulation bacterial cherry leaf spot REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code
2
canker DORMANT PHI4 Max app6
Badge SC M 3.5-14 pt 3.5-14 pt 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-P F 0d NA
C-O-C-S WDG M x 8-15 lb 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride x F 21d 3
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss M 5-8 lb 5-8 lb 48h 45 lb
copper sulfate G-P* G-P 120d NA
Kocide 3000 M x 2.2-3.5 lb 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide x G 0d 4

86
Cherry Late Dormant through Pre-bloom – if delayed until eggs are hatching (petal-fall). Oil
applied by late dormant will also control aphid
Insects eggs. When spraying oil, check labels for tempera-
Notes on insect management ture restrictions (e.g., only when temperatures are
• European red mite: If European red mites have above 40F° or never during freezing weather).
been a problem in the past, apply superior oil or • San Jose scale: Generally controlled dormant to
Envidor 2SC during the dormant stage to control delayed dormant where they have been a problem.
mite eggs. Other miticides will be more effective Do not use Imidan 70W on sweet cherries.

Table 3-2. Insecticides for cherry management from dormant to pre-bloom1

Product and formulation European San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code2 aphid red mite scale PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20D x 1 lb x 12h 1 lb
bifenazate x G x 3d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A 3-4 oz x x 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam E x x 14d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 x 2.25-4.25 fl oz x 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin x G x 21d 2
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 17-21 fl oz x x 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad u x x 14d 2
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A x 2-8 fl oz x 12h NA
clofentezine x E x 21d 1
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz x x 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate u x x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 2.5-5.3 oz x 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid E x F 7d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4-2.8 fl oz x x 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E x x 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 2-2.8 oz x x 12h 8.4 fl oz
flonicamid E x x 14d 3
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x x 34.5 oz 12h 69 oz
buprofezin x x E 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 4C 1.5-2.75 fl oz x 5.74 fl oz 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor E x s 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.3-21.3 fl oz 10.3-21.3 fl oz x 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin u F x 3d NA
6.5-12.25 fl
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 1B 12.75 fl oz/100 gal x 4d 102 fl oz
oz/100 gal
diazinon u u x 21d 2
Envidor 2SC 23 x 16-18 fl oz x 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen x E x 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C x x 4-5 oz 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x x E 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5-20.5 fl oz x x 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole E x x 3d 3
(Continued)

87
Table 3-2. Insecticides for cherry management from dormant to pre-bloom1 (continued)
Product and formulation European San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code2 aphid red mite scale PHI4 Max app6
Imidan 70W 1B x x 2.13-4.25 lb 7d 13 lb
phosmet x x E 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.28-4 fl oz x x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin u x x 14d NA
Nexter (75WP) 21 x 4.4-10.7 oz x 12h 21.3 oz
pyridaben x G x 7d 2
Oil (superior) UN x see label see label 4h NA
mineral oil x E G 0d NA
Onager Optek (1EC) 10A x 12-24 oz x 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox x E x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x 2 pt x 12h 4 pt
fenpyroximate x E x 7d 2
PQZ (1.87SC) 9B 2.4-3.2 fl oz x x 12h 4.8 fl oz
pyrifluquinazon E x x 7h 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.56-5.12 fl oz x x 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin u x x 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h NA
pyrethrins u u u 0d 10
Savey 50DF 10A x 3-6 oz x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox x E x 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2-3 qt x 4-5 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl u x u 3d 3
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D 7-14 fl oz x 10.5-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone E x G 14d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x 1-2 lb x 2d 3 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x G x 14d 2
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 9D 1.5 fl oz x x 12h 3 fl oz
afidopyropen G x x 7d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz x x 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin u x x 14d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B x 2-3 oz x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x E x 7d 1

88
Cherry Early Bloom through Petal Fall and Brown rot: Infection is rare at early bloom but may
occur if brown rot cankers and mummies are present
Shuck Split – Diseases coupled with warm (above 60ºF), wet weather. It con-
Early bloom is also referred to as popcorn or white bud, tinues to be a risk throughout bloom, and whenever
followed by bloom. Petal fall describes when flower weather is warm and wet.
petals are dropping. Shuck split describes when the
shucks fall from expanding fruit. Cherry leaf spot
Disease management notes • Cherry leaf spot management begins at early
bloom for tart cherries; for sweet cherries, it begins
The two major diseases of concern are brown rot and
at petal fall.
leaf spot. Many fungicides are labeled for disease
management at this time. • Syllit F is labeled for use west of the Mississippi
River.
• Rovral is recommended early, as use after petal fall
is prohibited.
Bacterial canker: For sour cherries only: Badge SC
• Vanguard is only labeled for tart cherries. Make the one to two times after petal fall, using lower to moder-
second and final application at full bloom. ate rates. Do not apply to sweet cherry or the English
• Bravo may not be used after shuck split. Morello variety as severe injury may result.

Table 3-3. Fungicides for disease management from early to full bloom through shuck split1
Product and formulation FRAC cherry REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot leaf spot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 12-15.5 fl oz 12-15 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin G[r] G[r] 0d 5
Badge SC M 3.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride F G-F 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M5 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 12h 20.5 pt
chlorothalonil F-G E thru SS NA
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb 1-2.9 lb 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride F F 21d 3
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 9.5 oz 9.5 oz 12h 47.5 oz
pyraclostrobin F-E G[r] 0d 5
Captan 80WDG M 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 24h 17.5 lb
captan G F-G 0d NA
Cevya 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole E E 0d see label
Elevate 50WDG 17 1-1.5 lb x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid G-E x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 4-8 fl oz 4-8 oz 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole E [r] E-G[r] 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin E E 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad E F-G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole E[r] E[r] 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E x 2d 4
(Continued)
89
Table 3-3. Fungicides for disease management from early to full bloom through shuck split1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC cherry REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot leaf spot PHI4 Max app6
Kenja 400SC 7 12.5 fl oz x 12 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid E x 1d 3
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 6-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol G-E x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 4-6.8 fl oz 6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E-G s 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 5-5.6 fl oz 5-6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E E-G 1d 4
Merivon 7+11 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E E-G 0d 3
Pristine 7+11 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid G E 0d 5
Procure 480SC 3 10-16 fl oz 10-16 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
triflumizole G[r] G[r] 1d 4
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz x 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole E x 0d NA
Quash 3 2.5-4 oz 4 oz 12h 10.5-12 oz
metconazole G[r] G[r] 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole E G 0d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 2.5-6 oz 2.5-6 oz 24h 3.2 lb
myclobutanil E E[r] 0d NA
Rovral 4F 2 1-2 pt x 24h 4 pt
iprodione E x 60d 2
Sulfur, Microthiol Disperss M2 18 lb x 24h NA
sulfur F x NA NA
Syllit F U12 3 pt 1.5-3 pt 48h 12 pt
dodine s G 7d 6
Tilt (EC) 3 4 fl oz 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole G G[r] 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 6-8 oz x 6-8 oz 12h
flutriafol + azoxystrobin G x E 7d
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol E G 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 1-1.5 lb 1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl G F-G 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 5 oz x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil G x 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 5-6 lb 5-6 lb 48hr 24.2 lb
ziram F-i F-i 14d 4

90
Cherry Full Bloom – Insects Cherry Petal Fall through Shuck Split –
Insect management notes Insects
• Save the bees! Do not apply insecticides during When petals are shed from blooms through shucks
bloom. split, with shucks falling from expanding fruit.
Insect management notes
• Plum curculio: Do not use Imidan 70W on sweet
cherries.
• European red mites: Agri-Mek SC, Apollo SC, or
Zeal miticides may be applied to suppress devel-
oping populations of European red mites.

Table 3-4. Insecticides for use at petal fall through shuck split1
Product and formulation IRAC European plum REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite leafroller curculio PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20 0.75-1 lb x x 12h NA
bifenazate E x x 3d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x 4.5-5.5 oz 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam x x G 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x 2.8 fl oz 12h 10.5/14 fl oz
imidacloprid x x s 7/21d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 2.25-4.25 fl oz x x 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin G x x 21d 2
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A 2-8 fl oz x x 12h NA
clofentezine E x x 21d 1
Apta (1.34SC) 21A x 21-27 fl oz 21-27 fl oz 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad x G G 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x x 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate x x G 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x x 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid x x G 7d 4
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 x x 5-6 oz 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x x E 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x 4.8-14.5 fl oz 2.4-2.8 fl oz 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin x E G 7d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x 10.6-21.3 fl oz 10.6-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin x G G 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x 4.5-7 oz 6-7 oz 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x E s 7d 4
Envidor 2SC 23 16-18 fl oz x x 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen E x x 7d 1
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x 10-20.5 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole x E G 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.12-4.25 lb 2.12 lb 72h 7.5 lb
phosmet x E G 7d NA
(Continued)

91
Table 3-4. Insecticides for use at petal fall through shuck split1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC European plum REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite leafroller curculio PHI4 Max app6
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A 32-36 fl oz x x 12h 36 fl oz
fenazaquin u x x 3d 1
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz x x 24h 15.3 fl oz
spirotetramat s x x 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x E G 14d NA
Nexter (75WP) 21 4.4-10.6 oz x x 12h 21.3 oz
pyridaben u x x 300d 2
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A 7.5-17 fl oz x x 12h NA
pyridaben u x x 300d 2
Oil (superior) UN see label see label x 4h UN
mineral oil u u x dormant NA
Onager Optek (1EC) 10 12-24 fl oz x x 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox u x x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pts. x x 12h 4 pt
fenpyroximate u x x 7d 2
Pounce 25WP 3A x x 6.4-12.8 oz 12h 38.4 oz
permethrin x x G 3d 3
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A x x 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 25.6 fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin x x G 14d NA
Savey 50DF 10A 3-6 oz x x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox E x x 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A x 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl x F F 3d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 4h NA
kaolin x u s 0d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B 1.5-3 lb x x 48h 4.5 lb
fenbutatin-oxide G x x 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL 28 x 5.5-11 fl oz 8.2-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole x E u 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin x u G 14d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B 2-3 oz x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole E x x 7d 1

92
Cherry Shuck Split to First Cover – Insects
Insect management notes
• Do not use Imidan 70W on sweet cherries.
Table 3-5. Insecticides labeled for shuck split to first cover1
Product and formulation IRAC cherry Japanese plum REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 fruit fly beetle curculio PHI4 Max app6
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 2-2.8 fl oz 1.4-2.8 fl oz 2.8 fl oz 12h 10.5/14 fl oz
imidacloprid G F s 7/21d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 14-27 fl oz x 21-27 fl oz 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad u x G 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz x 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate G x G 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid G G G 7d 4
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 x x 5-6 oz 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x x E 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4-2.8 fl oz x 2.4-2.8 fl oz 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin G x G 7d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz 10.7-21.3 fl oz 10.7-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin x E G 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 6-7 oz x 6-7 oz 4h 28 oz
spinetoram s x s 7d 4
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 10-17 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole E G G 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B 2.1 lb 2.1 lb 2.1 lb 72h 7.5 lb
phosmet E G G 7d NA
Malathion 5EC 1B 2.8 pt 2.8 pt x 12h NA
malathion G G x 3d 4
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.28-4 fl oz x 1.28-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin F x G 14d NA
Pounce 25WP 3A x x 6.4-12.8 oz 12h 38.4 oz
permethrin x x G 3d 3
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 25.6 fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin G u G 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz x 12h NA
pyrethrins i F x 0d 10
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl G E F 3d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 4h NA
kaolin s F s 0d NA
Verdepryn 100SL 28 8.2-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 8.2-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole G u u 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin G E G 14d NA

93
Cherry Summer Cover through Harvest
Sprays – Diseases
Applications begin 10-14 days after shuck split as needed
through harvest.
Notes on disease management
• Leaf spot: Syllit is labeled for use west of the
Mississippi River.

Table 3-6. Fungicides for summer cover disease management1

Product and formulation FRAC cherry REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot leaf spot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 12-15.5 fl oz 12-15 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin G[r] G[r] 0d 5
Badge SC M 3.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride F G-F 0d NA
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb 1-2.9 lb 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride F F 21d 3
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 9.5 oz 9.5 oz 12h 47.5 oz
pyraclostrobin F-E G[r] 0d 5
Captan 80WDG M 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 24h 17.5 lb
captan G F-G 0d NA
CaptEvate 68WDG M+17 3.7 lb 3.75 lb 24h 18.7 lb
captan + fenhexamid E G 0d NA
Cevya 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 12h NA
mefentrifluconazole E E 0d see label
Elevate 50WDG 17 1-1.5 lb x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid G-E x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 4-8 fl oz 4-8 oz 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole E [r] E-G[r] 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 oz
trifloxystrobin E E 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad E F-G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole E[r] E[r] 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E x 2d 4
Kenja 400SC 7 12.5 fl oz x 12 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid E x 1d 3
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 6-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol G-E x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 4-6.8 fl oz 6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E-G s 0d NA
(Continued)

94
Table 3-6. Fungicides for summer cover disease management1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC cherry REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot leaf spot PHI4 Max app6
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 5-5.6 fl oz 5-6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E E-G 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E E-G 0d 3
Pristine 7+11 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid G E 0d 5
Procure 480SC 3 10-16 fl oz 10-16 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
triflumizole G[r] G[r] 1d 4
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz x 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole E x 0d NA
Quash 3 2.5-4 oz 4 oz 12h 10.5-12 oz
metconazole G[r] G[r] 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14 fl oz x 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole E G 0d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 2.5-6 oz 2.5-6 oz 24h 3.2 lb
myclobutanil E E[r] 0d NA
Sulfur, Microthiol Disperss M2 18 lb x 24h NA
sulfur F x NA NA
Syllit F U12 3 pt 1.5-3 pt 48h 12 pt
dodine s G 7d 6
Tilt (EC) 3 4 fl oz 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole G G[r] 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 6-8 oz x 6-8 oz 12h
flutriafol + azoxystrobin G x E 7d
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol E G 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 1-1.5 lb 1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl G F-G 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 5 oz x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil G x 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 5-6 lb x 48hr 24.2 lb
ziram F x 14d 4

95
Additional Summer Cover Sprays to from early May to early June, depending on latitude
Harvest – Insects and spring temperatures. See Borers of Peach,
Cherry, and Plum Trees, page 152.
Insect management notes
• Spotted-wing Drosophila: Can begin to attack
• Imidan 70W: Do not use on sweet cherries.
fruit when they change color and soften before
• Lesser peachtree borer: Control of the first gen- harvest.
eration of lesser peachtree borer with trunk sprays
is during the time of peak moth flight, generally

Table 3-7. Additional summer cover sprays for insect management1

Product and formulation IRAC cherry Japanese spotted-wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 fruit fly beetle Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A 4.5-5.5 oz x x 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam G x x 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 2-2.8 fl oz 1.4-2.8 fl oz x 12h 10.5/14 fl oz
imidacloprid G F x 7/21d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 28 3-4.5 oz x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole G x x 10d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 14-27 fl oz x 14-27 fl oz 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad u x s 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz x see label 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate G x x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz x 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid G G x 7d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4-2.8 fl oz x see label 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin G x G 7d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz 10.6-21.3 fl oz 10.6-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin x E E 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 6-7 fl oz x 4.5-7 oz 4h 28 oz
spinetoram s x G 7d 4
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B 6.5-12.7 fl oz/ x x 72h 102 fl oz
100 gal
diazinon G x x 21d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-8 fl oz x 4-8 fl oz 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad F x G-E 7d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 10-17 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole E G E 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B 2.12 lb 2.12 lb 2.1 lb 72h 7.5 lb
phosmet E G E 7d NA
Malathion 5EC 1B 2.8 pt 2.8 pt see label 12h NA
malathion G G G 3d 4
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz x 6-9 fl oz 24h 15.3 fl oz
spirotetramat u x G 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.28-4 fl oz x 4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin F x E 14d NA
(Continued)

96
Table 3-7. Additional summer cover sprays for insect management1 (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC cherry Japanese spotted-wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 fruit fly beetle Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Pounce 25WP 3A x x see label 12h 38.4 oz
permethrin x x u 3d 3
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz x 24h 25.6 fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin G u x 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h NA
pyrethrins i F F 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20-40 fl oz x 20-40 fl oz 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron u x G 8d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2-3 qt 2-3 qt x 12h 14 qt
carbaryl G E x 3d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin s F x 0d NA
Verdepryn 100SL 28 8.2-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole G u u 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz see label 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin G E E 14d NA

Cherry Post-harvest – Disease

Disease management notes
• The goal is to keep trees from defoliating without
driving fungicide resistance. Rely on Bravo, coppers
and sulfur for disease management at this time.

Table 3-8. Post-harvest fungicides1

Product and formulation FRAC cherry powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 leaf spot mildew PHI4 Max app6
Badge SC M 1.5-5 pt x 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-F x 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M5 3-4 pt x 12h 20.5 pt
chlorothalonil through shuck
E x NA
split
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb x 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride F x 21d 3
Captan 80WDG M 2.5 lb x 24h 17.5 lb
captan F-G x 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss M 3.75 lb x 48h 45 lb
copper sulfate G-P x 120d NA
Sulfur, Microthiol Disperss M2 x 10-30 lb 24h NA
sulfur x G NA NA
(Continued)

97
Table 3-8. Post-harvest fungicides1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC cherry powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 leaf spot mildew PHI4 Max app6
Syllit F U12 1.5-3 pt x 48h 12 pt
dodine G x 7d 6
Ziram 76DF M3 x x 48hr 24.2 lb
ziram F-i x 14d 4

Cherry Post-harvest – Insects (see Summer

Covers)
Insect management notes
Japanese beetle
• Damage by adult beetles feeding on leaves is spo-
radic and transient in July to August in most of the
region.
• Leaves are skeletonized and may turn brown and
fall. Defoliation is not fatal but may be stressful.

98
Special Comments on Cherry Schedule flower changes will be evident two or three years after
the program is started.
Edited by J. Strang, E. Long
Applications must be applied annually to promote spur
Spotted lanternfly development and yield improvement.
The spotted lanternfly is an invasive planthopper that
has spread throughout the Midwest. This insect feeds
RainGard, cherry cracking suppressant
on plant sap, causing wilting, dieback and even death. RainGard is applied as a protective coating to de-
Spotted lanternfly is currently believed to pose the crease rainwater uptake by fruit to reduce cracking
greatest threat to the blueberry, blueberry, grape, susceptibility.
hops, stone fruit and hardwood industries. Know how Make the first application 4 weeks before anticipated
to identify this pest and remain vigilant for its appear- harvest, and additional applications at 7- to 10-day
ance in your vineyard and orchard systems. intervals. Three weekly applications are much more
effective at reducing rain cracking than a single ap-
Pro-Gibb on cherries plication. Use 102 ounces of RainGard per 100 gal per
acre. Do not mix with organosillicone surfactants.
The active ingredient in Pro-Gibb is a natural plant Ground sprayer speed should not exceed 2 miles per
hormone, gibberellin A3. You can use it to maintain hour. RainGard must cover all fruit for maximum crack
and extend high fruiting capacity of bearing tart cherry prevention.
trees and to reduce the occurrence of “blind” nodes by
stimulating lateral vegetative buds and a more produc-
tive balance of lateral shoots and spurs.
Apogee for vegetative control
Apply 4 to 18 fl oz of Pro-Gibb 4% per acre from 14 to Apogee is registered for vegetative control on sweet
28 days after bloom when 1-3 inches of terminal shoot cherry. See label for additional information.
extension has occurred in sufficient water to provide
uniform coverage Application rate depends on tree Fungicides for Phytophthora root rot
age and vigor. See label. management
Since Pro-Gibb acts on buds that will flower the fol- See page 153 for Phytophthora Management on Bear-
lowing growing year, responses will not begin to be ing and Non-bearing Stone Fruit.
visible until the year after application. Shoot, spur and

Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Cherry Diseases1

Product and formulation FRAC black brown cherry leaf powdery Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 knot rot spot mildew REI3
PHI4
Max app6
Abound (SC) 4h 90 fl oz
11 x G[r] x G
azoxystrobin 0d 5
Bravo Weather Stik 12h 20.5 pt
chlorothalonil M5 E F-G E G through NA
shuck split
Cabrio EG (20EG) 12h 47.5 oz
11 x F-E x E
pyraclostrobin 0d 5
Captan 80WDG 24h 17.5 lb
M x G F-G x
captan 0d NA
CaptEvate 68WDG 24h 18.75 lb
M+17 x E G x
captan + fenhexamid 0d NA
Cevya 12h NA
3 x E E E
mefentrifluconazole 0d see label
C-O-C-S WDG 48h 36 lb
M E F F x
copper oxychloride 21d 3
(Continued)

99
Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Cherry Diseases1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC black brown cherry leaf powdery Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 knot rot spot mildew REI 3
PHI4
Max app6
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss 48h 45 lb
M E F F P
basic copper sulfate 120d NA
Elevate 50WDG 12h 6 lb
17 x G-E x x
fenhexamid 0d NA
Elite 45DF 12h 3 lb
3 x E [r] E-G[r] G[r]
tebuconazole 0d NA
Flint Extra 12h 15.2 oz
11 x E E E
trifloxystrobin (higher rate) 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 12h 61 fl oz
7 x E F-G G
penthiopyrad 0d NA
Gatten 12 32 fl oz
U13 x x x E
flutianil 3d 4
Indar 2F 12h 48 fl oz
3 x E[r] E[r] G[r]
fenbuconazole 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 12h 80 fl oz
3+9 x E x E
difenoconazole + cyprodinil 2d 4
Kenja 400SC 12 37.5 fl oz
7 x E x x
isofetamid 1d 3
Kocide 3000 48h 60 lb
M E G-F G F
copper hydroxide 0d 4
Luna Experience (SC) 12h 34 fl oz
7+3 x G-E x E
fluopyram + tebuconazole 0d NA
Luna Privilege 12h 13.7 fl oz
7 E E-G s G
fluopyram 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 12h 27.1 fl oz
7+11 x E EG G
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin 1d 4
Merivon XBF 12h 20.1 fl oz
7+11 x E E-G G
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin 0d 3
PhD 4h NA
19 x x x G
polyoxin D 0d NA
Pristine 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid 7+11 x G E E 0d 5
Procure 480SC2 12h 56 fl oz
3
triflumizole x G G[r] E 1d 4
Quadris Top 12h 56 fl oz
11+3 x E F-G G
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole 0d NA
Quash 12h 10.5-12 oz
3 x G GR E
metconazole 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 12h 70 fl oz
11+3 x E G G
azoxystrobin + propiconazole 0d 5
(Continued)

100
Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Cherry Diseases1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC black brown cherry leaf powdery Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 knot rot spot mildew REI 3
PHI 4
Max app6
Quintec (2.08F) 12h 32 fl oz
13 x x x G
quinoxyfen 7d NA
Rally 40WSP2 24h 3.25 lb
3 x E ER E
myclobutanil 0d NA
Rovral 4F 24h 4 pt
2 x E F-G E
iprodione 60d 2
Microthiol Disperss 24h N/A
M2 x F x G
sulfur N/A NA
Syllit F2 48h 12 pt
U12 x G G x
dodine 7d 6
Tilt (EC) 12h 20 fl oz
3 x G[r] G[r] E[r]
propiconazole 0d 5
Topguard Specialty Crop 12h 56 fl oz
3 x E G G
flutriafol 7d 4
Topsin M70 WSB 2 48h 4 lb
1 E G F-G F[r]
thiophanate-methyl 1d NA
Vanguard WG (75WG) 12h 30 oz
9 x G x u
cyprodinil 2d 4
Ziram 76DF 48hr 24.2 lb
M3 E F-i F-i x
ziram 14d 4
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited.
Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

101
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Cherry Insects and Mites1
Compiled by D. Lewis

spotted-
Product and formulation IRAC cherry European plum wing Max amt5
Active ingredient Code2 borers fruit fly red mite curculio Drosophila REI3 PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 12h NA
20 x x E x x
bifenazate 3d 1
Actara (25WDG) 12h 11 oz
4A x F x G x
thiamethoxam 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 12h 8.4-10.5 fl oz
4A i F G s x
imidacloprid 0-21d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 12h 8.5 fl oz
6 x x u x x
abamectin 21d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 4h 9 oz
28 x s x x x
chlorantraniliprole 10d NA
Apollo SC (1SC) 12h NA
10A x x E x x
clofentezine 21d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 12h 53.5 fl oz
21A x u x G s
tolfenpyrad 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 12h 72.5 fl oz
3A G G x G x
esfenvalerate 14d NA
Assail 30SG 12h 32 oz
4A G F x G F
acetamiprid 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 12h 24 oz
22 x x x E x
indoxacarb 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 12h 5.6 fl oz
3A G G x G x
cyfluthrin 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 12h 8.4 oz
29 x x x x x
flonicamid 14d 3
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 12h 69 oz
16 x x x x x
buprofezin 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 12h 17 fl oz
4C x x x x x
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 42.7 fl oz
3A x x F G E
fenpropathrin 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 4h 28 oz
5 x s x s G
spinetoram 7d 4
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 72h 102 fl oz
1B x G u x x
diazinon 21d 2
Dimilin 25W, 2L (RUP) 12h NA
15 x x x x x
diflubenzuron 10d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 4h 29 fl oz
5 x F x x x
spinosad 7d 3
(Continued)

102
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Cherry Insects and Mites1 (continued)
spotted-
Product and formulation IRAC cherry European plum wing Max amt5
Active ingredient Code2 borers fruit fly red mite curculio Drosophila REI3 PHI4 Max app6
Envidor 2SC 12h 18 fl oz
23 x x E x x
spirodiclofen 7d 1
Esteem 35WP, 0.86EC 12h 15 oz
7C x x x x x
pyriproxyfen 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 12h 61.5 fl oz
28 x E x G E
cyantraniliprole 3d 3
Imidan 70W 72h 5.25 lb
1B x G x G E
phosmet 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 4h 64 fl oz
18 x x x x x
methoxyfenozide 7d NA
Magister SC (1.7SC) 12h 36 fl oz
21A x x u x x
fenazaquin 3d 1
Malathion 12h 7 pt
1B x G x x G
malathion 3d 4
Movento (2SC) 24h 15.3 fl oz
23 x u u x u
spirotetramat 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 12h 24 fl oz
3A x F x G E
zeta-cypermethrin 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L), AzaDirect 4h NA
un F x x i x
azadirachtin 0d NA
Nexter (75WP) 12h 21.34 oz
21 x x u x x
pyridaben 300d 2
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 12h 34 fl oz
21A x x u x x
pyridaben 300d 2
Oil (superior) 12h UN
UN x x u x x
mineral oil dormant NA
Onager (1EC) 12h 24 oz
10 x x u x x
hexythiazox 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 12h 4 pt
21A x x u x x
fenpyroximate 7d 2
Pounce 25WP 12h 38.4 oz
3A F x x G x
permethrin 3d 3
PQZ (1.87SC) 12h 4.8 fl oz
9B x x x x x
pyrifluquinazon 7d 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 24h 1.6 pt
3A x G x G x
gamma-cyhalothrin 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC, 1.4EC 12h 15.61 fl oz
3A x i x i i
pyrethrins 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 12h 150 fl oz
15 x x x x G
novaluron 8d NA
(Continued)

103
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Cherry Insects and Mites1 (continued)
spotted-
Product and formulation IRAC cherry European plum wing Max amt5
Active ingredient Code2 borers fruit fly red mite curculio Drosophila REI3 PHI 4
Max app6
Savey 50DF 12h 6 oz
10A x x E x x
hexythiazox 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 12h 14 qt
1A x G x F x
carbaryl 3d 3
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4h 28 fl oz
4D x x x x x
flupyradifurone 14d NA
Surround WP (95WP) 4h NA
UN x s x s x
kaolin 0d NA
Transform WG 24h 8.5 oz
4C x x x x x
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 48h 4.5 lb
12B x x G x x
fenbutatin-oxide 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL 4h 33 fl oz
28 x G x u u
cyclaniliprole 7d 3
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 12h 3 fl oz
9D x x x x x
afidopyropen 7d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 24h 12.8 fl oz
3A G G x G x
lambda-cyhalothrin 14d NA
Zeal (72WP) 12h 3 oz
10 B x x E x x
etoxazole 7d 1
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

104
 4. PEACH
Peach Insect Pests
Entomology Lead: K. Athey, R. Bessin
Pathology Lead: J. Beckerman, M. Heller-Haas

The shaded boxes represent the crop stages where common pests in the Midwest are active; scouting and pre-
ventative sprays may be necessary/recommended. Weather and degree day accumulation will impact the exact
timing of pest appearance in the orchard. MD= mating disruption and pheromone traps.

Second Additional
Dormant Pink Full Bloom Petal Fall Shuck Split First Cover Cover Covers Pre-Harvest
green June beetle
Japanese beetle
peachtree peachtree
borer borer
MD and traps oriental fruit moth
plum curculio
stink bugs stink bugs
San Jose scale San Jose scale
European red mite
green peach
aphid
spotted-wing
Drosophilia
tarnished
tarnished plant bug
plant bug
two-spotted spider mite

Major Present in most orchards in most years and usually causes economic damage if not managed.
Minor Often present but not causing economic damage and not requiring management.

105
Peach Spray Schedule Peach Dormant and Delayed Dormant –
How to read the spray schedule tables Diseases
Every peach growth stage has important notes on dis- After leaves drop in the fall or as buds swell in spring.
ease or insect management. In some cases, the reader Notes on disease management
will be directed to the special problems section at the
Peach leaf curl
end of the section or chapter. Please make sure to read
thoroughly and contact your state Extension specialist • To effectively control peach leaf curl, fungicides
with any specific questions. must be applied before bud swell. Best control is
achieved by applying in late autumn at 50% leaf
Key to tables
fall and again at delayed dormant in late February
E = excellent control before floral buds begin to open; second best time
G = good control is in early spring prior to bud break.
F = fair control
[r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible Bacterial diseases (bacterial canker and shot hole)
s = suppression only
• Copper pesticides: Using copper at the dormant
i = ineffective
stage may reduce the overwintering inoculum of
u = unknown efficacy
the bacteria that cause bacterial canker and bacte-
x = pest not on the label
rial spot. As season progresses, reduce the rate of
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials copper applied to reduce the risk of phytotoxicity.
conducted across various regions and does not neces- Copper applied using tank mixes with a pH of less
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over than 6.5 may result in phytotoxicity issues.
time. Growers should contact their Extension special-
• Be sure to incorporate oxytetracycline compounds
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information.
to reduce the risk of bacterial pathogens evolving
The information on this publication is only a guide; the
resistance to copper products.
authors and their institutions assume no liability for
practices implemented based on this information. Al- • The addition of 1 to 3 pounds of hydrated lime per
ways read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the copper application may reduce crop injury.
law. Product registration may vary by state.
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the
fungicide/insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the
number of days before harvest that the product may
not be applied.
4
All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-Entry
Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time
immediately after a pesticide application when entry
into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI.
Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pes-
ticides during harvest.
Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of
product per season AND maximum number of appli-
cations.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/
acre/year.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of
applications per year.

106
Table 4-1. Fungicides for disease control at dormant1
bacterial Phytophthora
Product and formulation FRAC bacterial spot peach leaf crown, collar REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 canker dormant curl and root rot PHI4 Max app6
Badge SC M 3.5-14 pt 3.5-14 pt 3.5-14 pt x 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride x G-F F-G x 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M3 x x 3.1-4.1 pt x 12h 20.5 pt
chlorothalonil x x G x shuck-split NA
C-O-C-S WDG M 12-15.6 lb 12-15.6 lb 1-2.9 lb x 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride G G-F F-G x 21d 3
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M 5-7.5 lb 5-7.5 lb 5-7.5 lb x 12h 45 lb
copper hydroxide G G-F F-G x 120d NA
Ferbam Granuflo M x x 4.5 lb x 24h 3.4 lb
ferbam x x E-G x 21d 3
Kocide 3000 M 3.5-7 lb 3.5-7 lb 3.5-7 lb x 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide G G-F F-G x 0d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x x x 2 qt/A or 1.5 oz 48 1.5 gal
per 1000 sq ft
mefenoxam x x x E NA 3
Thiram Granuflo M3 x x 3.5 lb x 24h 21.2 lb
thiram x x G x 7d NA
Ziram 76DF M3 x x 3.75-8 lb x 48h 48.2 lb
ziram x x E x 30d 6

Peach Dormant – Insects oil, check labels for temperature restrictions (e.g.,
only when temperatures are above 40F or never
After leaves drop in the fall or before buds swell in during freezing weather).
spring.
Notes on insect management
• Mites and San Jose scale: When spraying superior

Table 4-2. Insecticide applications during dormant1

Product and formulation REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
San Jose scale PHI4 Max app6
Assail 30SG 4A 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid F 7d 4
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin G 21d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 34.5 oz 12h 69 oz
buprofezin E 14d 2
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B 12.75 fl oz/100 gal 4d 51 fl oz
diazinon F 21d 2
Esteem 35WP 7C 4-5 oz 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen E 14d 3
(Continued)

107
Table 4-2. Insecticide applications during dormant1 (continued)
Product and formulation REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
San Jose scale PHI4 Max app6
Imidan 70W 1B 2.1-4.25 lb 4d 17 lb
phosmet E 14d NA
Malathion 8 (8EC) 1B 1.25 pt 24h 3.75 pt
malathion F 7d 3
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz 4h NA
azadirachtin G 0d NA
Oil (superior) UN 1.5-2 gal/100 g 4h NA
mineral oil G dormant NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h 15.6 fl oz
pyrethrins u 0d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 4-5 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl u 3d 3
Sivanto Prime 4D 10.5-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone G 14d NA

Peach Pink – Diseases swell. The addition of 1 to 3 pounds of hydrated lime

may reduce crop injury.
Notes on disease management
• Under severe disease pressure, use the Ziram
Copper pesticides: Copper rates are tied to crop 76DF higher rate.
development, with rates reduced as the season pro-
gresses to minimize the risk of phytotoxicity. When • Fungicides with the FRAC code 3, 7, or 11 are not
using coppers post-bloom, do not apply during ex- recommended at this time, unless disease pres-
tended dews or foggy conditions. Spotting of leaves sures are particularly high. They are better de-
and defoliation may occur from copper use after bud ployed later in the season.

Table 4-3. Fungicide applications during pink1

bacterial
Product and formulation FRAC spot/shot peach leaf REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot curl PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 12-15.5 fl oz x 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin x F-E[r] x 0d See label
Badge SC M 0.5-2 pt 3.5–5.25 pt 3.5–5.25 pt 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-F F F-G 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M3 x 3.1-4.1 pt 3.1-4.1 pt 12h 20.5 pt
chlorothalonil x G G shuck-split NA
Captan M4 x 2.5-5 lb x 24h 40 lb
captan x G x 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 3-5 fl oz x 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x E x 0d See label
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb 1-2.9 lb 1-2.9 lb 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride G-F F F-G 21d 3
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M 1.5 lb 1.5 lb 1.5 lb 12h 45 lb
copper hydroxide G-F F F-G 120d NA
(Continued)
108
Table 4-3. Fungicide applications during pink (continued)
bacterial
Product and formulation FRAC spot/shot peach leaf REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot curl PHI4 Max app6
Elevate 50 WDG 17 x 1-1.5 lb x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid x E-G x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 x 4-8 oz x 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole x E x 0d NA
Ferbam Granuflo M x x 4.5 lb 24h 3.4 lb
ferbam x x E-G 21d 3
Flint Extra 11 x 2.5-3.8 fl oz x 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x s (G) E 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 x 14-20 fl oz x 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x E-G x 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 x 6 fl oz x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole x E[r] x 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 16-20 fl oz x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x E x 2d 4
Kenja 400 SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid x E x 1d 3
Kocide 3000 M 3.5-5 lb 3-5 lb 3.5-5 lb 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide G-F F F-G 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x 6-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x G-E E-G 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 4-6.8 fl oz x 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x E x 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x E E-G 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 x 4-6.7 fl oz x 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin x E x 0d 3
Microthiol Disperss M x 10-20 lb 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur x F-P E-G 0d NA
Miravis 7 x 3.4-5.1 fl oz x 4h 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen x E x 0d 4
Ph-D 19 x x x 4h NA
polyoxin D x x x 0h NA
Pristine 7+11 x 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid x E-G[r] s(G ) 0d 5
Quadris Top 11+3 x 12-14 fl oz x 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole x E x 0d 4
Quash 3 x 2.5-3.5 fl oz x 12h 12 fl oz
metconazole x E-G x 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 x 14 fl oz x 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole x E x 0d 5
(Continued)

109
Table 4-3. Fungicide applications during pink (continued)
bacterial
Product and formulation FRAC spot/shot peach leaf REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot curl PHI4 Max app6
Rally 40WSP 3 x 2.5-6 oz x 24h 3.25 lb
myclobutanil x G x 0h NA
Rovral 4F 2 x 1-2 pt x 24h 4 pt
iprodione x E x PF 2
Scala (SC) 9 x 9-18 fl oz x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil x E-G x 2d 3
Syllit F U12 x 3 pt 3 pt 48h 9 pt
dodine x s E petal fall 3
Thiram Granuflo M3 x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb 24h 21.2 lb
thiram x G G 7d NA
Tilt (EC) 3 x 4 fl oz x 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole x E x 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 x 6-8 fl oz x 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin x G x 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 x 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol x E G 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 x 1-1.5 lb x 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl x E[r] x 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x 5 oz x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x E-G x 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 x 4.5-8 lb 3.75-8 lb 48h 48.2 lb
ziram x G E 30d 6

Peach Pink – Insects to determine the need for sprays at petal fall. See
mating disruption for peach pest, page 153.
Notes on insect management
• Tarnished plant bug, stink bugs: Apply insecti-
• Oriental fruit moth monitoring: Put pheromone cides before any blooms open.
traps to monitor oriental fruit moth in place now

Table 4-4. Insecticide applications at pink1

Product and formulation REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
plant bug/stink bug PHI4 Max app6
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate G 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid F 7d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2-2.4 fl oz 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin E 21d NA
(Continued)

110
Table 4-4. Insecticide applications at pink (continued)
Product and formulation REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
plant bug/stink bug PHI4 Max app6
Beleaf 50SG 29 2-2.8 oz 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid G 14d 3
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.7-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin E 3d NA
Lannate LV 1A 3 pt 4d 18 pt
methomyl G 4d 6
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.28-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin E 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz 4h NA
azadirachtin E 0d NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin u 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h 15.6 fl oz
pyrethrins u 0d 1
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20-40 fl oz 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron u 8d NA
Scorpion 35SL 4A 5.25-7 fl oz 12h 14.25 fl oz
dinotefuran E 3/21d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2-3 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl F 3d 3
Venom (70SG) 4A 3-4 oz 12h 6 oz
dinotefuran E 3d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin E 14d NA

Peach Full Bloom – Diseases which is known to be phytotoxic to certain apple

varieties. Do not use where drift might affect apples.
Notes on disease management
• Application of Captan or Bravo as a tank mix is not
• Use 12 oz of Mycoshield/100 gallons of water (=150 recommended at this time due to the risk of phyto-
ppm), varying volume depending upon tree size toxicity.
and foliar development.
• The use of copper is not recommended during
• Quadris Top and Quilt Xcel contain azoxystrobin, bloom to reduce phytotoxicity and protect pollinators.

Table 4-5. Fungicides application at full bloom1

Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 12-15.5 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin F-E[r] 0d See label
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3.1-4.1 pt 12h 20.5 pt
chlorothalonil G shuck-split NA
(Continued)

111
Table 4-5. Fungicides application at full bloom (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot PHI4 Max app6
Captan M4 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan G 0d NA
Cevya 3 3-5 fl oz 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole E 0d See label
Elevate 50 WDG 17 1-1.5 lb 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid E-G 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 4-8 oz 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole E 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin s (G) 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad E-G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole E[r] 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E 2d 4
Kenja 400 SC 7 12.5 fl oz 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid E 1d 3
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol G-E 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 4-6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 5-7.6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E 0d 3
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur F-P 0d NA
Miravis 7 3.4-5.1 fl oz 4h 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen E 0d 4
Mycoshield 41 x 12h 12 lb
oxytetracyline x 21d 8
Ph-D 19 6.2 oz 4h NA
polyoxin D x 0h NA
Pristine 7+11 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid E-G[r] 0d 5
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole E 0d 4
Quash 3 2.5-3.5 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
metconazole E-G 14d 3
(Continued)

112
Table 4-5. Fungicides application at full bloom (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot PHI4 Max app6
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14 fl oz 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole E 0d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 2.5-6 oz 24h 3.25 lb
myclobutanil G 0h NA
Rovral 4F 2 1-2 pt 24h 4 pt
iprodione E PF 2
Scala (SC) 9 9-18 fl oz 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil E-G 2d 3
Thiram Granuflo M3 3.5 lb 24h 21.2 lb
thiram G 7d NA
Tilt (EC) 3 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole E 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 6-8 fl oz 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin G 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol E 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 1-1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl E[r] 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 5 oz 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil E-G 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 4.5-8 lb 48h 48.2 lb
ziram G 30d 6

Peach Full Bloom – Insects read the label whenever using copper products to
avoid phytotoxicity.
Save the bees! Insecticide use for insects or mites is
not recommended at this time. • If bacterial spot has been a problem, apply at 7-day
intervals from petal fall (<5% shuck split) through
first cover.
Peach Petal Fall through Shuck Split – • For control of bacterial spot, reduce the rate of
Diseases copper as the season progresses to reduce the risk
Brown rot of phytotoxicity. Do not apply under extended wet
or humid conditions.
• Last application for Rovral (iprodione) at petal fall.
Do not apply Rovral after petal fall. • Last application of Cuprofix; Do not apply after
shuck split.
• Last application of Bravo or chlorothalonil product
for control of brown rot and scab at shuck split. Peach scab applications begin now and are critical
from shuck split through second-third cover.
Bacterial spot management:
• Some labels specify shuck-split, first and /or sec-
ond cover sprays for application timings. Carefully

113
Table 4-6. Fungicides for petal fall through shuck split1
bacterial powdery
Product and formulation FRAC spot/shot mildew/peach REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot peach scab rusty spot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 12-15.5 fl oz 12-15.5 fl oz 12-15.5 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin x F-E[r] G F 0d See label
Badge SC M 0.5–2 pt x x x 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-F x x x 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M3 x 3.1-4.1 pt 3.1-4.1 pt 3.1-4.1 pt 12h 20.5 pt
chlorothalonil x G G x shuck-split NA
Captan M4 x 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan x G G F 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 4-5 fl oz 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x E E E 0d See label
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb 1-2.9 lb x x 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride G-F F x x 21d 3
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M 1 lb 1 lb x x 12h 45 lb
copper hydroxide G-F F x x 120d NA
Elevate 50 WDG 17 x 1-1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid x E-G x x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 x 4-8 oz x 4-8 oz 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole x E x E 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 x 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x s (G) E E 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 x 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x E-G F-G F-G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole x E[r] F x 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x E G-F G-F 2d 4
Kenja 400 SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz 12.5 fl oz x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid x E G x 1d 3
Kocide 3000 M 02.5-0.5 lb x x x 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide G-F x x x 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x 6-10 fl oz 8-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x G-E E G 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 4-6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz 4-6.84 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x E F G 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x E F E-G 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 x 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin x E E-G E-G 0d 3
(Continued)

114
Table 4-6. Fungicides for petal fall through shuck split (continued)
bacterial powdery
Product and formulation FRAC spot/shot mildew/peach REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot peach scab rusty spot PHI4 Max app6
Microthiol Disperss M x 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur x F-P x F-P 0d NA
Miravis 7 x 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 4h 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen x E E-G E-G 0d 4
Mycoshield 41 12 oz/100 g x x x 12h 12 lb
oxytetracyline E[r] x x x 21d 8
Ph-D 19 x x 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 4h NA
polyoxin D x x G u 0h NA
Pristine 7+11 x 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid x E-G[r] E-G E[r] 0d 5
Quadris Top 11+3 x 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole x E u G 0d 4
Quash 3 x 2.5-3.5 fl oz 2.5-3.5 fl oz 3.5-4 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
metconazole x E-G G E 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 x 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole x E G G 0d 5
Quintec 13 x x x 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x E 7d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 x 2.5-6 oz x 2.5-6 oz 24h 3.25 lb
myclobutanil x G x E-G 0h NA
Rovral 4F 2 x 1-2 pt 1-2 qt x 24h 4 pt
iprodione x E u x PF 2
Scala (SC) 9 x 9-18 fl oz x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil x E-G x x 2d 3
Syllit F U12 x 3 pt 3 pt x 48h 9 pt
dodine x s F x petal fall 3
Thiram Granuflo M3 x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x 24h 21.2 lb
thiram x G G x 7d NA
Tilt (EC) 3 x 4 fl oz x 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole x E x G 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 x 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin x G u E 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 x 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol x E s(G) G 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 x 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl x E[r] G G[r] 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x 5 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x E-G x x 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 x 4.5-8 lb 4.5-8 lb x 48h 48.2 lb
ziram x G G x 30d 6

115
Peach Petal Fall through Shuck Split – Insects
Table 4-7. Insecticide applications at petal fall through shuck split1

San Jose scale

cherry fruit fly

plum curculio
European red

spotted-wing
oriental fruit
green peach

Drosophila
plant bug/
Japanese

stink bug
Product and

borers

beetle
formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

aphid

moth
mite
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4.5-5.5 4.5-5.5 4.5-5.5
4A x x 3-4 oz x x x x 12h 11 oz
oz oz oz
thiamethoxam x F x E x x G G x x 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 2-2.8 fl 1.4-2.8 1.4-2.8 1.4-2.8
4A x x x 2.8 fl oz 2.8 fl oz x 12h 8.4 fl oz
oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
imidacloprid x F x E G x u s F x 0d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 3-4.5 3-4.5
28 x x x x x x x x 4h 9 oz
oz oz
chlorantraniliprole x s x x x E x x x x 10d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 14-27 fl 17-27 fl 21-27 fl 21-27 fl 21-27 fl
21A x x x x x 12h 53.5 fl oz
oz oz oz oz oz
tolfenpyrad x u x G x x S G x s 14d 2
Asana XL 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5
3A x x x x x 12h 72.5 fl oz
(0.66EC) (RUP) fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
esfenvalerate G G x x x E[r] G G x x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 5.3-8 5.3-8 2.5-5.3 5.3-8 5.3-8 5.3-8 5.3-8 5.3-8
4A x x 12h 32 oz
oz oz oz oz oz oz oz oz
acetamiprid G F x E G E F G F x 7d 4
Avaunt eVo
22 x x x x x 6 oz x 5-6 oz x x 12h 24 oz
(30WDG)
indoxacarb x x x x x G x E x x 14d 4
Baythroid XL 1.4-2 2.4-2.8 2-2.4 fl 2-2.4 fl 2.4-2.8
3A x x x x x 12h 5.6 fl oz
(1EC) (RUP) fl oz fl oz oz oz fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin G G x x x E[r] E G x x 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 3 - 6 fl
4A x x x x x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 12h 12 fl oz
oz
clothianidin x x x E x x E G G x 21d NA
Beleaf 50SG 2-2.8 2-2.8
29 x x x x x x x x 12h 8.4 oz
oz oz
flonicamid x x x E x x G x x x 14d 3
Danitol 2.4EC 10.7- 10.7- 10.7- 10.7- 10.7- 10.7- 10.7-
16-21.3
(RUP) 3A x 21.3 fl 21.3 fl 21.3 fl 21.3 fl 21.3 fl 21.3 fl x 21.3 fl 24h 42.7 fl oz
fl oz
oz oz oz oz oz oz oz
fenpropathrin x G i F E E[r] E G x E 3d NA
Delegate WG
5 x 6-7 oz x x x 6-7 oz x 6-7 oz x 4.5-7 oz 4h 28 oz
(25WG)
spinetoram x s x x x E x s x G 1d 4
(Continued)

116
Table 4-7. Insecticide applications at petal fall through shuck split (continued)

San Jose scale

cherry fruit fly

plum curculio
European red

spotted-wing
oriental fruit
green peach

Drosophila
plant bug/
Japanese

stink bug
Product and

borers

beetle
formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

aphid

moth
mite
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Diazinon AG 12.75 fl 12.75 fl 12.75 fl 12.75 fl
600WBC (RUP) 1B x x oz/100 oz/100 x oz/100 x x oz/100 x 4d 51 fl oz
gal gal gal gal
diazinon x x i G x G x x F x 21d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 4-8 fl 4-8 fl 4-8 fl
5 x x x x x x x 4h 29 fl oz
oz oz oz
spinosad x F x x x F x x x G-E 7d 3
Esteem 35WP 7C x x x x x 4-5 oz x x 4-5 oz x 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x x x x x F x x E x 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 13.5- 13.5- 13.5-
10-17 fl 10-20.5
28 x x x 20.5 fl x 20.5 fl x 20.5 fl 12h 61.5 fl oz
oz fl oz
oz oz oz
cyantraniliprole x E x x G E x G x E 3d 3
Imidan 70W 2.1-2.5 2.1-4.25 2.13- 2.1-4.25 2.1-4.25 2.1-4.25
1B x x x x 4d 17 lb
lb lb 4.25 lb lb lb lb
phosmet x G x x G E[r] x G E E 14d NA
Intrepid 2F 10-16 fl
18 x x x x x x x x x 4h 64 fl oz
oz
methoxyfenozide x x x x x G x x x x 7d NA
Lannate LV 1A x x x 3 pt x 3 pt 3 pt x x x 4d 18 pt
methomyl x x x G x F G x x x 4d 6
Malathion 8 (8EC) 1B 1.25 pt x x x x 1.25 pt x 1.25 pt 1.25 pt x 24h 3.75 pt
malathion u x x x x u x u F x 7d 3
Mustang
1.28-4 1.28-4 1.2-4 1.2-4 1.2-4
Maxx (0.83EC) 3A x x x x 4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
(RUP)
zeta-
G F x x x E[r] E G x E 14d NA
cypermethrin
Neemix 4.5 7-16 fl 7-16 fl 5-7 fl 7-16 fl 7-16 fl 7-16 fl
UN x x x x 4h NA
(0.39L) oz oz oz oz oz oz
azadirachtin F u x G x u E i G x 0d NA
Pounce 25WP 6.4-16 6.4-16 6.4-16
3A x x x x x x x 12h 48 oz
oz oz oz
permethrin F x x x x E[r] x G x x 14d NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1
3A x x x x 24h 1.6 pt
(RUP) fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
gamma-
G G x x F G[r] u G x x 14d NA
cyhalothrin
Pyganic 5EC 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6
3A x x 12h 15.6 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
pyrethrins u i u G u x u x u F 0d 1
(Continued)

117
Table 4-7. Insecticide applications at petal fall through shuck split (continued)

San Jose scale

cherry fruit fly

plum curculio
European red

spotted-wing
oriental fruit
green peach

Drosophila
plant bug/
Japanese

stink bug
Product and

borers

beetle
formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

aphid

moth
mite
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Rimon 0.83EC 20-40 20-40 20-40 20-40
15 20 fl oz x x x x x 12h 150 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
novaluron u u x x x E u x x G 8d NA
Scorpion 35SL 5.25-7 3.5-7 fl 5.25-7 5.25-7
4A x x x x x x 12h 14.25 fl oz
fl oz oz fl oz fl oz
dinotefuran s x x s x x E s x x 3/21d NA
Sevin XLR Plus
1A 2-3 qt 2-3 qt x x 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 4-5 qt x 12h 14 qt
(4F)
carbaryl u G x x E F F F u x 3d 3
Surround WP 25-50 25-50 25-50 25-50
UN x x x x x x 4h NA
(95WP) lb lb lb lb
kaolin x s x x F u x s x x 0d NA
Venom (70SG) 4A 3-4 oz x x 2-4 oz x x 3-4 oz 3-4 oz x x 12h .
dinotefuran u x x s x x E u x x 3d NA
Verdepryn 100SL 5.5-11 fl 5.5-11 fl 5.5-11 fl 5.5-11 fl 5.5-11 fl 5.5-11 fl
28 x x x x 4h 33 fl oz
(0.83SL) oz oz oz oz oz oz
cyclaniliprole x G x E x E s u x u 7d 3
Warrior II 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5
3A x x x x 24h 12.8 fl oz
(2.08CS) (RUP) fl oz fl oz fl oz fl .oz fl oz fl oz
lambda-
G G x x E G[r] E G x x 14d NA
cyhalothrin

118
Peach First Cover – Diseases
7-10 days after shuck split.

Table 4-8. Fungicides for control of diseases at first cover1

powdery
bacterial mildew/
Product and formulation FRAC spot/ shot peach rusty REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot peach scab spot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 12-15.5 fl oz 9-15.5 fl oz 12-15.5 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin x F-E[r] G F 0d See label
Badge SC M 0.5–2 pt x x x 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-F x x x 0d NA
Captan M4 x 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan x G G F 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 4-5 fl oz 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x E E E 0d See label
Elevate 50 WDG 17 x 1-1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid x E-G x x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 x 4-8 oz x 4-8 oz 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole x E x E 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 x 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x s (G) E E 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 x 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x E-G F-G F-G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole x E[r] F x 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x E G-F G-F 2d 4
Kenja 400 SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz 12.5 fl oz x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid x E G x 1d 3
Kocide 3000 M 0.25-0.5 lb x x x 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide G-F x x x 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x 6-10 fl oz 8-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x G-E E G 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 4-6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz 4-6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x E F G 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x E F E-G 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 x 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin x E E-G E-G 0d 3
Microthiol Disperss M x 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur x F-P x F-P 0d NA
(Continued)

119
Table 4-8. Fungicides for control of diseases at first cover (continued)
powdery
bacterial mildew/
Product and formulation FRAC spot/ shot peach rusty REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot peach scab spot PHI4 Max app6
Miravis 7 x 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 4h 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen x E E-G E-G 0d 4
Mycoshield 41 12 oz/100 g x x x 12h 12 lb
oxytetracyline E[r] x x x 21d 8
Ph-D 19 x x 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 4h NA
polyoxin D x x G u 0h NA
Pristine 7+11 x 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid x E-G[r] E-G E[r] 0d 5
Quadris Top 11+3 x 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole x E u G 0d 4
Quash 3 x 2.5-3.5 fl oz 2.5-3.5 fl oz 3.5-4 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
metconazole x E-G G E 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 x 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole x E G G 0d 5
Quintec 13 x x x 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x E 7d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 x 2.5-6 oz x 2.5-6 oz 24h 3.25 lb
myclobutanil x G x E-G 0h NA
Scala (SC) 9 x 9-18 fl oz x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil x E-G x x 2d 3
Thiram Granuflo M3 x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x 24h 21.2 lb
thiram x G G x 7d NA
Tilt (EC) 3 x 4 fl oz x 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole x E x G 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 x 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin x G u E 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 x 14 fl oz x 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol x E s(G) G 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 x 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl x E[r] G G[r] 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x 5 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x E-G x x 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 x 4.5-8 lb 4.5-8 lb x 48h 48.2 lb
ziram x G G x 30d 6

120
Peach First and Second Cover – Insects Lesser peachtree borer
7-10 days after shuck split. Second cover occurs 7-14 • Control of the first generation of lesser peachtree
days after first cover. borer with trunk sprays is during the time of peak
moth flight, generally from early May to early June,
Notes on insect management depending on latitude and spring temperatures.
San Jose scale See Borers of Peach, Cherry, and Plum Trees, page
• Movento 2SC, must be tank mixed with a spray 152.
adjuvant.

Table 4-9. Insect management at first and second cover1

Product and formulation IRAC oriental plant bug/ plum San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 borers fruit moth stink bug curculio scale PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x 4.5-5.5 oz 4.5-5.5 oz x 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam x x G G x 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x 2.8 fl oz 2.8 fl oz 1.4-2.8 fl oz 12h 8.4 fl oz
imidacloprid x x u s F 0d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x 3-4.5 oz x x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole x E x x x 10d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A x x 21-27 fl oz 21-27 fl oz x 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad x x s G x 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz x 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate G E[r] G G x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid x E F G F 7d 4
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 x 5.6 oz x 5-6 oz x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x G x E x 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 1.4-2 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 2.4-2.8 fl oz x 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin G E[r] E G x 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A x x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin x x E G G 21d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 x x 2-2.8 oz x x 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid x x G x x 14d 3
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x x x x 34.5 oz 12h 69 oz
buprofezin x x x x E 14d 2
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x 10.7-21.3 10.7-21.3 10.7-21.3 x 24h 42.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
fenpropathrin x E[r] E G x 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x 6-7 oz x 6-7 oz x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x E x s x 1d 4
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B x 12.75 fl x x 12.75 fl 4d 51 fl oz
oz/100 gal oz/100 gal
diazinon x G x x F 21d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x 4-8 fl oz x x x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x F x x x 7d 3
(Continued)

121
Table 4-9. Insect management at first and second cover (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC oriental plant bug/ plum San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 borers fruit moth stink bug curculio scale PHI4 Max app6
Esteem 35WP 7C x 4-5 oz x x 4-5 oz 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x F x x E 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x 10-20.5 fl oz x 13.5-20.5 fl oz x 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole x E x G x 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.13-4.25 lb x 2.1-4.25 lb 2.1-4.25 lb 4d 17 lb
phosmet x E[r] x G E 14d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x 10-16 fl oz x x x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x G x x x 7d NA
Lannate LV 1A x 3 pt 3 pt x x 4d 18 pt
methomyl x F G x x 4d 6
Malathion 8 (8EC) 1B 1.25 pt 1.25 pt x 1.25 pt 1.25 pt 24h 3.75 pt
malathion u u x u F 7d 3
Movento (2SC) 23 x x x x 6-9 fl oz 24h 15.3 fl oz
spirotetramat x x x x G 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz 1.2-4 fl oz x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin G E[r] E G x 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz 7-16 fl oz 7-16 fl oz x 7-16 fl oz 4h NA
azadirachtin F u E i G 0d NA
Pounce 25WP 3A 6.4-16 oz 6.4-16 oz x 6.4-16 oz x 12h 48 fl oz
permethrin F E[r] x G x 14d NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz x 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin G G[r] u G x 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz x 4.5-15.6 fl oz x 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h 15.6 fl oz
pyrethrins u x u x u 0d 1
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20 fl oz 20-40 fl oz 20-40 fl oz x x 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron u E u x x 8d NA
Scorpion 35SL 4A 5.25-7 fl oz x 5.25-7 fl oz 5.25-7 fl oz x 12h 14.25 fl oz
dinotefuran s x E s x 3/21d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl u F F F u 3d 3
Sivanto Prime (1.67 SL) 4D x x x x 10.5-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x x x x G 14d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin x u x s x 0d NA
Venom (70SG) 4A 3-4 oz x 3-4 oz 3-4 oz x 12h 6 oz
dinotefuran u x E u x 3d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole x E s u x 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz x 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin G G[r] E G x 14d NA

122
Peach Summer Cover Sprays – Diseases • Remember application limits when applying cop-
pers to control bacterial spot.
10 days after first cover. Until ~3 weeks prior to harvest • When environmental conditions are conducive
• Be aware of PHI when applying fungicides to early for brown rot, scab or powdery mildew, maintain
harvested varieties. fungicide schedule every 7-10 days.

Table 4-10. Fungicide recommendations for disease management at summer cover1

bacterial powdery
Product and formulation FRAC spot/shot mildew/peach REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot peach scab rusty spot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 12-15.5 fl oz 9-15.5 fl oz 12-15.5 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin x F-E[r] G F 0d See label
Badge SC M 0.5–2 pt x x x 24h 63.4 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-F x x x 0d NA
Captan M4 x 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan x G G F 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 4-5 fl oz 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x E E E 0d See label
Elevate 50 WDG 17 x 1-1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid x E-G x x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 x 4-8 oz x 4-8 oz 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole x E x E 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 x 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x s (G) E E 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 x 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad x E-G F-G F-G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole x E[r] F x 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x E G-F G-F 2d 4
Kenja 400 SC 7 x 12.5 fl oz 12.5 fl oz x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid x E G x 1d 3
Kocide 3000 M 02.5-0.5 lb x x x 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide G-F x x x 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x 6-10 fl oz 8-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x G-E E G 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 4-6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz 4-6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x E F G 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x E F E-G 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 x 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin x E E-G E-G 0d 3
(Continued)

123
Table 4-10. Fungicide recommendations for disease management at summer cover (continued)
bacterial powdery
Product and formulation FRAC spot/shot mildew/peach REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 hole brown rot peach scab rusty spot PHI4 Max app6
Microthiol Disperss M x 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur x F-P x F-P 0d NA
Miravis 7 x 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 4h 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen x E E-G E-G 0d 4
Mycoshield 41 12 oz/100 g x x x 12h 12 lb
oxytetracyline E[r] x x x 21d 8
Ph-D 19 x x 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 4h NA
polyoxin D x x G u 0d NA
Pristine 7+11 x 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid x E-G[r] E-G E[r] 0d 5
Quadris Top 11+3 x 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole x E u G 0d 4
Quash 3 x 2.5-3.5 fl oz 2.5-3.5 fl oz 3.5-4 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
metconazole x E-G G E 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 x 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole x E G G 0d 5
Quintec 13 x x x 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x E 7d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 x 2.5-6 oz x 2.5-6 oz 24h 3.25 lb
myclobutanil x G x E-G 0h NA
Scala (SC) 9 x 9-18 fl oz x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil x E-G x x 2d 3
Thiram Granuflo M3 x 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x 24h 21.2 lb
thiram x G G x 7d NA
Tilt (EC) 3 x 4 fl oz x 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole x E x G 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 x 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin x G u E 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 x 14 fl oz x 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol x E s(G) G 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 x 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl x E[r] G G[r] 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 x 5 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x E-G x x 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 x 4.5-8 lb 4.5-8 lb x 48h 48.2 lb
ziram x G G x 30d 6

124
Peach Summer Covers – Insects
Apply at 10- to 14-day intervals.

Table 4-11. Insecticide recommendations at summer cover1

Product and formulation IRAC green June Japanese oriental plant bug/ REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 beetle beetle fruit moth stink bug PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x x 4.5-5.5 oz 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam x x x G 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 1.4-2.8 fl oz 1.4-2.8 fl oz x 2.8 fl oz 12h 8.4 fl oz
imidacloprid G G x u 0d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x x 3-4.5 oz x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole x x E x 10d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x x 4.8-14.5 fl oz 4.8-14.5 fl oz 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate x x E[r] G 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 5.3-8 oz 5.3 - 8 oz 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid x G E F 7d 4
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 x x 6 oz x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x x G x 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x x 2-2.4 fl oz 2-2.4 fl oz 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin x x E[r] E 7d NA
BeetleGone! 11 1-17.5 lb 1-17.5 lb x x 4h NA
B. thuringiensis G G x x 0d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A x x x 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
clothianidin x x x E 21d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 x x x 2-2.8 oz 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid x x x G 14d 3
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x 10.7-21.3 fl oz 10.7-21.3 fl oz 10.7-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin x E E[r] E 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x x 6-7 oz x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x x E x 1d 4
Diazinon AG 600WBC (RUP) 1B x x 12.75 fl x 4d 51 fl oz
oz/100 gal
diazinon x x G x 21d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x 4-8 fl oz x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x x F x 7d 3
Esteem 35WP 7C x x 4-5 oz x 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x x F x 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x 13.5-20.5 10-20.5 fl oz x 12h 61.5 fl oz
fl oz
cyantraniliprole x G E x 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.1-4.25 lb 2.1-4.25 lb x 4d 17 lb
phosmet x G E[r] x 14d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x 10-16 fl oz x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x G x 7d NA
(Continued)

125
Table 4-11. Insecticide recommendations at summer cover (continued)
Product and formulation IRAC green June Japanese oriental plant bug/ REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 beetle beetle fruit moth stink bug PHI4 Max app6
Lannate LV 1A x x 3 pt 3 pt 4d 18 pt
methomyl x x F G 4d 6
Malathion 8 (8EC) 1B x x 1.25 pt x 24h 3.75 pt
malathion x x u x 7d 3
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A x x 1.28-4 fl oz 1.28-4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x x E[r] E 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN x x 7-16 fl oz 7-16 fl oz 4h NA
azadirachtin x x u E 0d NA
Pounce 25WP 3A x x 6.4-16 oz x 12h 48 oz
permethrin x x E[r] x 14d NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin F F G[r] u 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A x 4.5-15.6 fl oz x 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h 15.6 fl oz
pyrethrins x u x u 0d 1
Rimon 0.83EC 15 x x 20-40 fl oz 20-40 fl oz 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron x x E u 8d NA
Scorpion 35SL 4A x x x 5.25-7 fl oz 12h 14.25 fl oz
dinotefuran x x x E 3/21d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A x 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl x E F F 3d 3
Surround WP (95WP) UN x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin x F u x 0d NA
Venom (70SG) 4A x x x 3-4 oz 12h 6 oz
dinotefuran x x x E 3d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x x 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole x x E s 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin E E G[r] E 14d NA

Peach Pre-harvest – Diseases

Apply according to label directions beginning three
weeks before harvest.
• Continued applications of fungicides may be nec-
essary in orchards with moderate to high disease
pressure (due to cultivar susceptibility, rainfall and/
or fungicide resistance).

126
Table 4-12. Pre-harvest fungicide recommendations1
Product and formulation FRAC powdery mildew/ REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot peach scab peach rusty spot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 12-15.5 fl oz 9-15.5 fl oz 12-15.5 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin F-E[r] G F 0d See label
Captan M4 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 2.5-5 lb 24h 40 lb
captan G G F 0d NA
Cevya 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 4-5 fl oz 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole E E E 0d See label
Elevate 50 WDG 17 1-1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid E-G x x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 4-8 oz x 4-8 oz 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole E x E 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin s (G) E E 1d 4
Fontelis (SC) 7 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad E-G F-G F-G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole E[r] F x 0d 8
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E G-F G-F 2d 4
Kenja 400 SC 7 12.5 fl oz 12.5 fl oz x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid E G x 1d 3
Kocide 3000 M 3-5 lb x x 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide F x x 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 6-10 fl oz 8-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol G-E E G 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 4-6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz 4-6.84 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E F G 0d NA
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E F E-G 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E E-G E-G 0d 3
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb x 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur F-P x F-P 0d NA
Miravis 7 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 4h 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen E E-G E-G 0d 4
Ph-D 19 x 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 4h NA
polyoxin D x G u 0d NA
Pristine 7+11 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid E-G[r] E-G E[r] 0d 5
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole E u G 0d 4
(Continued)

127
Table 4-12. Pre-harvest fungicide recommendations (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC powdery mildew/ REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 brown rot peach scab peach rusty spot PHI4 Max app6
Quash 3 2.5-3.5 fl oz 2.5-3.5 fl oz 3.5-4 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
metconazole E-G G E 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole E G G 0d 5
Quintec 13 x x 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x E 7d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 2.5-6 oz x 2.5-6 oz 24h 3.25 lb
myclobutanil G x E-G 0d NA
Scala (SC) 9 9-18 fl oz x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil E-G x x 2d 3
Thiram Granuflo M3 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x 24h 21.2 lb
thiram G G x 7d NA
Tilt (EC) 3 4 fl oz x 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole E x G 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin G u E 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 14 fl oz x 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol E s(G) G 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 1-1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl E[r] G G[r] 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 9 5 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil E-G x x 2d 4
Ziram 76DF M3 4.5-8 lb 4.5-8 lb x 48h 48.2 lb
ziram G G x 30d 6

Peach Pre-harvest – Insects peach tree borer is best controlled by a trunk

drench at the time of peak moth flight, usually in
Apply any insecticides according to label directions early August. See Borers of Peach, Cherry, and
beginning three weeks before harvest. Plum Trees, page 152.
• If not using peachtree borer mating disruption,

Table 4-13. Pre-harvest insecticide recommendations1

Japanese
beetle and
Product and formulation IRAC green June oriental spotted-wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 borers beetle fruit moth Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x 1.4-2.8 fl oz x x 12h 8.4 fl oz
imidacloprid x G x x 0d NA
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x x 3-4.5 oz x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole x x E x 10d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz x 4.8-14.5 fl oz x 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate G x E[r] x 14d NA
(Continued)
128
Table 4-13. Pre-harvest insecticide recommendations (continued)
Japanese
beetle and
Product and formulation IRAC green June oriental spotted-wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 borers beetle fruit moth Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Assail 30SG 4A 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz x 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid G G E x 7d 4
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 x x 6 oz x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x x G x 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 1.4-2 fl oz x 2-2.4 fl oz x 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin G x E[r] x 7d NA
BeetleGone! 11 x 1-17.5 lb x x 4h NA
B. thuringiensis x G x x 0d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x 10.7-21.3 fl oz 10.7-21.3 fl oz 10.7-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin x E E[r] E 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x x 6-7 oz 4.5-7 oz 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x x E G 1d 4
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x x F G-E 7d 3
Esteem 35WP 7C x x 4-5 oz x 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x x F x 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x 13.5-20.5 fl oz 10-20.5 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole x G E E 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.1-4.25 lb 2.1-4.25 lb 2.1-4.25 lb 4d 17 lb
phosmet x G E[r] E 14d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x 10-16 fl oz x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x G x 7d NA
Lannate LV 1A x x 3 pt x 4d 18 pt
methomyl x x F x 4d 6
Malathion 8 (8EC) 1B 1.25 pt x 1.25 pt x 24h 3.75 pt
malathion u x u x 7d 3
Movento (2SC) 23 x x x 6-9 fl oz 24h 15.3 fl oz
spirotetramat x x x u 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 1.28-4 fl oz x 1.28-4 fl oz 4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin G x E[r] E 14d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz x 7-16 fl oz x 4h NA
azadirachtin F x u x 0d NA
Pounce 25WP 3A 6.4-16 oz x 6.4-16 oz x 12h 48 oz
permethrin F x E[r] x 14d NA
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz 2.5-5.1 fl oz x 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin G F G[r] x 14d NA
(Continued)

129
Table 4-13. Pre-harvest insecticide recommendations (continued)
Japanese
beetle and
Product and formulation IRAC green June oriental spotted-wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 borers beetle fruit moth Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz x 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h 15.6 fl oz
pyrethrins u u x F 0d 1
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20 fl oz x 20-40 fl oz 20-40 fl oz 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron u x E G 8d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt x 12h 14 qt
carbaryl u E F x 3d 3
Surround WP (95WP) UN x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin x F u x 0d NA
Venom (70SG) 4A 3-4 oz x x x 12h 6 oz
dinotefuran u x x x 3d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x x 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole x x E u 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz 1.2-2.5 fl oz x 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin G E G[r] x 14d NA

Special Notes on Peach Schedule Currently spotted lanternfly is believed to pose the
greatest threat to the blueberry, grape, hops, stone
Spotted lanternfly fruit and hardwood industries. Know how to identify
The spotted lanternfly is an invasive planthopper that this pest and remain vigilant for its appearance in your
has spread throughout the Midwest. This insect feeds orchard and vineyard systems.
on plant sap, causing wilting, dieback and even death.

Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Peach Diseases1

Product and formulation FRAC bacterial brown peach leaf peach powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 spot rot curl scab mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 4h 92.3 fl oz
11 x F-E[r] x G F
azoxystrobin 0d 15
Badge SC 24h 18 lb
copper oxychloride+copper M G-F F G x x 0d NA
hydroxide
Bravo Weather Stick 12h 18.8 lb
M5 x G G u F
chlorothalonil shuck-split NA
Captan 24h 30 lb
M3 x G F G x
captan 0d NA
Cevya 12h NA
3 x E x E x
mefentrifluconazole 0d see label
copper oxychloride (C-O-C-S WDG) 48h 36 lb
M G-F F G x x
copper oxychloride 21d 3
(Continued)

130
Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Peach Diseases1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC bacterial brown peach leaf peach powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 spot rot curl scab mildew PHI4 Max app6
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss 48h 45 lb
M G-F F G x x
basic copper sulfate 120d NA
Elevate 50 WDG 12h 6 lb
17 x E-G x x x
fenhexamid 0d NA
Elite 45DF 12h 3 lb
3 x E x x G
tebuconazole 0d NA
Ferbam Granuflo 24h 3-4 lb
M x F E-G F x
ferbam 21d NA
Flint Extra 12h 15.2 fl oz
11 x E-G x E E
trifloxystrobin (higher rate) 1d 3
Fontelis (SC) 12h 61 fl oz
7 x E-G x F-G F-G
penthiopyrad 0d 4
Indar 2F2 12h 48 fl oz
3 x E[r] x F E-G
fenbuconazole 0d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 12h 80 fl oz
3+9 x E x G-F G-F
difenoconazole+cyprodinil 2d 8
Kenja 400 SC 12h 37.5 fl oz
7 x E x x x
isofetamid 1 day 3
Kocide 3000 48h 60 lb
M G-F F G x x
copper hydroxide 0d 4
Luna Privilege 12h 34 fl oz
7 x E x F G
fluopyram 0d 6
Luna Sensation (SC) 12h 27.1 fl oz
7+11 x E x F E-G
fluopyram+trifloxystrobin 1d NA
Merivon XBF 12h 20.1 fl oz
7+11 x E x E-G E-G
fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin 0d 4
Mycoshield 12h N/A
41 E[r] x x x x
xxytetracycline 21d 3
Pristine 12h 72.5 oz
7+11 x E-G[r] x E-G E[r]
pyaclostrobin+boscalid 0d 9
Quadris Top 12h 56 fl oz
11+ 3 x E x x G
azoxystrobin+difenoconazole 0d 5
Quash 12h 10.5-12 oz
3 x E-G x G E
metconazole 14d NA
Quilt Xcel 12h 70 fl oz
11+ 3 x E x G G
azoxystrobin+propiconazole 0d 3
Quintec 12h 28 fl oz
13 x x x x E
quinoxyfen 7d 5
Rally 40WSP 24h 3.25 lb
3 x G x x E-G
myclobutanil 1d NA
(Continued)

131
Efficacy of Selected Fungicides Against Peach Diseases1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC bacterial brown peach leaf peach powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 spot rot curl scab mildew PHI4 Max app6
Rovral 4F 24h 4 pt
2 x E x x x
iprodione N/A NA
Scala (SC) 12h 54 fl oz
9 x E-G x x x
pyrimethanil 2d 2
Microthiol Disperss 24h NA
M x F i i G
sulfur 0d 3
Syllit F 48h 9 pt
U12 x F E F x
dodine petal fall 3
Thiram Granuflo 24h NA
M3 x G G G x
thiram 7d NA
Tilt (EC) 12h 20 fl oz
3 x E x F G
propiconazole 0d 5
Topguard EQ 12h NA
3+11 x G x x E
flutriafol + azoxystrobin 7d 4
Topsin M70 WSB 2 48h 4 lb
1 x E[r] x G G[r]
thiophanate-methyl 1d NA
Vangard WG (75WG) 12h 30 oz
9 x E-G x x x
cyprodinil 2d 4
Ziram 76DF 48h 48.2 lb
M3 x G G G x
ziram 14d 6
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited.
Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

132
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Peach Insects and Mites1
Compiled by Ric Bessin

spotted-wing Drosophila
plant bugs / stink bugs
green peach aphid
European red mite

oriental fruit moth

peachtree borers
Japanese beetle

San Jose scale

plum curculio
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 PHI4
Max app6
Acramite 50WS 12h 1 lb
20D G x x x x x x x x
bifenazate 3d 1
Actara (25WDG) 12h 11 oz
4A x E x x x G G x x
thiamethoxam 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 12h 8.4 fl oz
4A x E G x x u F F x
imidacloprid 0d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 12h 8.5 fl oz
6 G x x x x x x x x
abamectin 21d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 4h 9 oz
28 x x x E x x x x x
chlorantraniliprole 10d NA
Apollo SC (1SC) 12h 8 oz
10A E x x x x x x x x
clofentezine 21d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 12h 53.5 fl oz
21A x G x x x s G x s
tolfenpyrad 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 12h 72.5 fl oz
3A x x x E[r] G G G x s
esfenvalerate 14d NA
Assail 30SG 12h 32 oz
4A x E G E x F E F x
acetamiprid 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 12h 24 oz
22 x x x G x x G x x
indoxacarb 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 12h 5.6 fl oz
3A x x x E[r] G E G x E
cyfluthrin 7d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 12h 12 fl oz
4A x E x x x E G G x
clothianidin 21d NA
Beleaf 50SG 12h 8.4 oz
29 x E x x x G x x x
flonicamid 14d 3
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 12h 69 oz
16 x x x x x s x E x
buprofezin 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 12h 17 fl oz
4C x E x x x F x x x
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 42.7 fl oz
3A F F E E[r] G E G x E
fenpropathrin 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 4h 28 oz
5 x x x E x x s x E
spinetoram 1d 4
(Continued)

133
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Peach Insects and Mites1 (continued)

spotted-wing Drosophila
plant bugs / stink bugs
green peach aphid
European red mite

oriental fruit moth

peachtree borers
Japanese beetle

San Jose scale

plum curculio
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 PHI4
Max app6
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 96h 102 fl oz
1B u G x G x x x F x
diazinon 21d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 4h 29 fl oz
5 x x x F x x x x G
spinosad 1d 3
Envidor 2SC 12h 18 fl oz
23 E x x x x x x x x
spirodiclofen 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 12h 15 oz
7C x x x F x x x E x
pyriproxyfen 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 12h 61.5 fl oz
28 x x G E x x G x G
cyantraniliprole 3d 3
Imidan 70W 72h 12 lb
1B x x G E[r] x x G u E
phosmet 14d NA
Intrepid 2F 4h 64 fl oz
18 x x x G x x x x x
methoxyfenozide 7d NA
Lannate SP (RUP) 96h 6 lb
1A x G x F x E x x x
methomyl 4d 8
Magister SC (1.7SC) 12h 36 fl oz
21A E x x x x x x x x
fenazaquin 3d 1
Malathion 8 (8EC) 24h 3.75 pt
1B x x x u i x u u x
malathion 7d 3
Movento (2SC) 24h 15.3 fl oz
23 s G x x x x x G s
spirotetramat 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 12h 24 fl oz
3A x x x E[r] G E E x E
zeta-cypermethrin 14d NA
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 12h 34 fl oz
21A G x x x x x x x x
pyridaben 7d 2
oil (superior) 4h UN
un E G x x x x x x x
mineral oil 0d
Onager (1EC) 12h 24 fl oz
10A E x x x x x x x x
hexythiazox 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 12h 4 pt
21A E x x x x x x x x
fenpyroximate 7d 2
Pounce 25WP 12h 48 oz
3A x x x E[r] G G G x x
permethrin 14d NA
PQZ (1.87SC) 12h 4.8 fl oz
9B x E x x x x x x x
pyrifluquinazon 7d 2
(Continued)

134
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Acaricides Against Peach Insects and Mites1 (continued)

spotted-wing Drosophila
plant bugs / stink bugs
green peach aphid
European red mite

oriental fruit moth

peachtree borers
Japanese beetle

San Jose scale

plum curculio
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 PHI 4
Max app6
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 24h 1.6 pt
3A x G E G[r] G E G x x
gamma-cyhalothrin 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 12h 15.6 fl oz
3A u F F x x u x u F
pyrethrins 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 12h 150 fl oz
15 x x x E u u x x F
novaluron 8d NA
Savey 50DF 12h 6 oz
10A E x x x x x x x x
hexythiazox 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 12h 14 qt
1A x x E F u F F u x
carbaryl 3d 3
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4h 28 fl oz
4D x E x x x x x G x
flupyradifurone 14d NA
Surrond WP (95WP) 4h NA
un x x F u x x F x x
kaolin clay 0d NA
Venom (70SG) 12h 6 oz
4A x s x x u E u x x
dinotefuran 3-21d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 4h 33 fl oz
28 x x G E x s u x u
cyclaniliprole 7d 3
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 12h 3 fl oz
9D x E x x x x x x x
afidopyropen 7d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 24h 12.8 fl oz
3A x x E G[r] G E G x x
lambda-cyhalothrin 14d NA
Zeal (72WP) 12h 3 oz
10B E x x x x x x x x
etoxazole 7d 1
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes
over time. Growers should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a
guide; the authors and their institutions assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The
label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E= excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s=
suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the
treated area is limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number
of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND
maximum number of applications.

135
 5. PLUM
Plum Spray Schedule Plum Dormant (before buds break in the
Entomology Lead: K. Athey, R. Bessin spring) – Diseases
Pathology Lead: J. Beckerman
Notes on disease management
How to read the spray schedule tables • Bacterial spot and copper pesticides: Plum is on
Every plum growth stage has important notes on dis- most, but not all, copper fungicide labels. Check
ease or insect management. In some cases, the reader label before use. Using copper at the dormant
will be directed to the special problems section at the stage may also reduce the overwintering inoculum
end of the section or chapter. Please make sure to read of the bacterium that cause bacterial canker, but
thoroughly and contact your state Extension specialist have limited efficacy in suppressing bacterial spot,
with any specific questions. plum pockets and black knot. As season progress-
es, reduce the rate of copper applied to reduce the
Key to tables risk of phytotoxicity. Copper applied with tanks
E = excellent control having a pH of less than 6.5 may cause phytotoxic-
G = good control ity issues.
F = fair control • Black knot: Prune out and destroy knots during
[r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible the dormant season with pruning cuts at least 8”
s = suppression only below knots. Continue knot removal all season
i = ineffective long, whenever they are observed. Remove nearby
u = unknown efficacy wild plums and cherry seedlings.
x = pest not on the label
• Cytospora canker: Paint trunks with whitewash to
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials prevent winter injury and sunscald.
conducted across various regions and does not neces-
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over • Plum pockets (leaf curl): Autumn application
time. Growers should contact their Extension special- during leaf fall is the best time for application,
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information. followed by spring application at budswell. Unless
The information on this publication is only a guide; the disease pressure is severe, Luna Experience and
authors and their institutions assume no liability for Luna Sensation are better deployed later in the
practices implemented based on this information. Al- season for control of brown rot and powdery mildew.
ways read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the
law. Product registration may vary by state.
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the
fungicide/insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the
number of days before harvest that the product may
not be applied.
4
All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-Entry
Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time
immediately after a pesticide application when entry
into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI.
Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pes-
ticides during harvest.
Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of
product per season AND maximum number of appli-
cations.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/
acre/year.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of
applications per year.

136
Table 5-1. Fungicides labeled for disease control at dormant1
Product and formulation bacterial spot plum pockets REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 DORMANT black knot (Taphrina spp.) PHI4 Max app6
Badge SC M 1.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 24h 18 lb
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-F x s 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 12h 18.8 lb
chlorothalonil G G G shuck-split NA
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb x 1-2.9 lb 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride G-F x G 21d 3
Champ FL M 5.3-8 pt x 5.3-8 pt 48 h 49.6 pt
copper hydroxide s x s NA NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M 5-8 lb 3-3.75 5-7.5 lb 48h 45 lb
copper sulfate G-F F G 120d NA
Kocide 3000 M 3.5-7 lb 1.75-3.5 lb 1.75-3.5 lb 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide G-F F G-F 0d 4

Plum Dormant (before buds break in the spring) – Insects

Notes on insect management
• European red mite and scale insects: Apply dormant oil at a rate of 2 gal per 100 gals (2%). Check labels
carefully for temperature restrictions (e.g., when temperatures are above 40F° or never during freezing
weather).

Plum Pre-bloom (including bud burst, green cluster, white bud/popcorn) – Diseases
Notes on disease management
• Copper pesticides: Copper rates are tied to crop development, with rates reduced as the season progresses
to minimize the risk of phytotoxicity. Do not apply during cooler conditions with extended dews or fog.
Note: Copper has limited efficacy for control of bacterial spot. For more information see Bacterial Spot of
Peach, Nectarine and Plum on pages 152-153.

Table 5-2. Fungicides labeled for disease control pre-bloom through popcorn1
Product and formulation bacterial plum pockets REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 spot black knot (Taphrina spp.) PHI4 Max app6
Badge SC M 1.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 24h 18 lb
copper sulfate + oxychloride G-F F s 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 12h 18.8 lb
chlorothalonil G G G shuck-split NA
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb x x 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride G-F x x 21d 3
Captan 80WDG M x 3.75 lb 3.75 lb 24h 40 lb
captan x s F 0d NA
Champ FL M 4.2 pt x x 48 h 49.6 pt
copper hydroxide s x S NA NA
(Continued)

137
Table 5-2. Fungicides labeled for disease control pre-bloom through popcorn (continued)
Product and formulation bacterial plum pockets REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 spot black knot (Taphrina spp.) PHI4 Max app6
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M 1-2.5 lb 3-3.75 5-7.5 lb 48h 45 lb
copper sulfate G-F F G 120d NA
Kocide 3000 M 0.25-0.5 lb 1.75-3.5 lb 1.75-3.5 lb 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide G-F F G-F 0d 4
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x x 6-10 fl oz 12 h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x x u 1d varies
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x x 5 to 7.6 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x x E 1d 4
Pristine 7+11 x x 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid x x s 0d 9
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 x x 13 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol x x G 7d 4

Plum Pre-bloom (including bud burst, green cluster, white bud/popcorn) – Insects
Notes on insect management
• Oriental fruit moth: Pheromone traps for oriental fruit moth should be deployed pre bloom. For
mating disruption, see Mating Disruption for Peach Pests page 153.

Table 5-3. Insecticides labeled for insect management delayed dormant to pre-bloom1
Product and formulation European San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code2 aphid red mite leafroller scale PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20D x 1 lb x x 12h 1 lb
bifenazate x G x x 3d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A 3-4 oz x x x 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam E x x x 14d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 x 2.25-4.25 fl oz x x 12h 8.5 fl oz
abamectin x G x x 21d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x x 3-4.5 oz x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole x x E x 10d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 17-21 fl oz x 21-27 fl oz x 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad u x G x 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-14.5 fl oz x 4.8-14.5 fl oz x 12h 72.5 fl oz
esfenvalerate u x E x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 2.5-5.3 oz x x 5.3-8 oz 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid E x x F 7d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4-2.8 fl oz x 2.4-2.8 fl oz x 12h 5.6 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E x u x 7d NA
Beleaf 50SG 29 2-2.8 oz x x x 12h 8.4 fl oz
flonicamid E x x x 14d 3
(Continued)

138
Table 5-3. Insecticides labeled for insect management delayed dormant to pre-bloom (continued)
Product and formulation European San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code2 aphid red mite leafroller scale PHI4 Max app6
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x x x 34.5 oz 12h 69 oz
buprofezin x x x E 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 4C 1.5-2.75 fl oz x x 5.7 fl oz 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor E x x s 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.3-21.3 fl oz 10.3-21.3 fl oz 10.3-21.3 fl oz x 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin u F u x 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x x 4.5-7 oz x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x x E x 1d 4
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 1B 12.75 fl oz/100 6.5-12.25 fl x 12.75 fl oz/100 4d 102 fl oz
gal oz/100 gal gal
diazinon u u x F 21d 2
Dimilin 2L (RUP) 15 x x 8-16 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
diflubenzuron x x u x 14d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x 4-8 fl oz x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x x u x 1d 3
Envidor 2SC 23 x 16-18 fl oz x x 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen x E x x 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C x x x 4-5 oz 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x x x E 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5-20.5 fl oz x 10-20.5 fl oz x 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole E x E x 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x x 2.13-4.25 lb 2.13-4.25 lb 7d 13 lb
phosmet x x E E 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x 8-16 fl oz x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x E x 7d NA
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A x 32-36 fl oz x x 12h 36 fl oz
fenazaquin x E x x 3d 1
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A x x 1.28-4 fl oz x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x x E x 14d NA
Nexter (75WP) 21 x 4.4-10.7 oz x x 12h 21.3 oz
pyridaben x G x x 7d 2
Oil (superior) UN x 1.5-2% x 1.5-2% 4h NA
mineral oil x E x G 0d NA
Onager (1EC) 10A x 12-24 oz x x 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox x E x x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x 2 pt x x 12h 4 pt
fenpyroximate x E x x 7d 2
PQZ (1.87SC) 9B 2.4-3.2 fl oz x x x 12h 4.8 fl oz
pyrifluquinazon E x x x 7h 2
(Continued)

139
Table 5-3. Insecticides labeled for insect management delayed dormant to pre-bloom (continued)
Product and formulation European San Jose REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code2 aphid red mite leafroller scale PHI4 Max app6
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A 2.5-5.1 fl oz x 2.5-5.1 fl oz x 24h 1.6 pt
gamma-cyhalothrin u x E x 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h NA
pyrethrins u u u u 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 15 x x 20-50 fl oz x 12h 150 fl oz
novaluron x x E x 8d NA
Savey 50DF 10A x 3-6 oz x x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox x E x x 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2-3 qt x 2-3 qt 4-5 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl u x F u 3d 3
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D 7-14 fl oz x x 10.5-14 fl oz 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone E x x G 14d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN x x 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin x x u x 0d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x 1-2 lb x x 2d 3 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x G x x 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x x 5.5-11 fl oz x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole x x E x 7d 3
Versys Inscalis (0.83DC) 9D 1.5 fl oz x x x 12h 3 fl oz
afidopyropen G x x x 7d NA
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A 1.2-2.5 fl oz x 1.2-2.5 fl oz x 24h 12.8 fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin u x u x 14d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B x 2-3 oz x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x E x x 7d 1

140
Plum Full Bloom – Diseases
Notes on disease management
• Copper pesticides: Copper is not recommended after early bloom, to protect both flowers and bees.

Table 5-4. Fungicides labeled for disease control at bloom1

Product and formulation bacterial REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2
brown rot spot black knot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 12-15.5 fl oz x x 4h 92.3 fl oz
azoxystrobin F-E[r] x x 0d 15
Badge SC M 3.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 1.5-5 pt 24h 18 lb
copper sulfate + oxychloride F G-F s 0d NA
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3.1-4.1 pt x 3-4 pt 12h 18.8 lb
chlorothalonil G G G shuck split NA
C-O-C-S WDG M 1-2.9 lb 1-2.9 lb x 48h 35 lb
copper oxychloride F G-F x 21d 3
Captan 80WDG M 3.7 lb x x 24h 40 lb
captan G x s 0d NA
Cevya 3 5 oz x x 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole E x x 0d 5
Champ FL M 4.2 pt 4.2 pt 4.2 pt 48 h 49.6 pt
copper hydroxide F s s NA NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 Disperss M 3.75 lb 1-2.5 lb 3-3.75 48h 45 lb
copper sulfate F G-F F 120d NA
Elevate 50 WDG 17 1-1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid E-G x x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 2 oz x x 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole E x x 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3.8 oz x x 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin E-G x x 1d 3
Fontelis (SC) 7 14-20 fl oz x x 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad E-G x x 0d 4
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz x x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole E[r] x x 0d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz x x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E x x 2d 8
Kenja 400 SC 7 12.5 fl oz x x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid E x x 1 day 3
Kocide 3000 M 3.5-5 lb 0.25-0.5 lb 1.75-3.5 lb 48h 60 lb
copper hydroxide F G-F s 0d 4
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 6-10 oz x x 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol G-E x x 1d varies
(Continued)

141
Table 5-4. Fungicides labeled for disease control at bloom (continued)
Product and formulation bacterial REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
brown rot spot black knot PHI4 Max app6
Luna Privilege 7 4-6.8 fl oz x x 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E x x 0d 6
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 6-10 fl oz x x 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E x x 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 4-6.7 fl oz x x 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E x x 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb x x 24h NA
sulfur F x x 0d 3
Miravis 7 3.4-5.1 fl oz x x 4 hr 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen E-G x x 0d 4
Ph-D 19 6.2 oz x x 0d NA
polyoxin D G x x NA NA
Pristine 7+11 10.5-14.5 oz x x 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid E-G[r] x x 0d 9
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz x x 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole E x x 0d 5
Quash 3 2.5-3.5 oz x x 12h 12 oz
metconazole E-G x x 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14 fl oz x x 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole E x x 0d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 2.5-6 oz x x 24h 2.75 lb
myclobutanil G x x 1d NA
Rovral 4F 2 1-2 pt x x 24h 4 pt
iprodione E x x N/A NA
Scala (SC) 9 9-18 fl oz x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil E-G x x 2d 2
Tilt (EC) 3 4 fl oz x x 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole E x x 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 6-8 oz x x 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin G x x 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 13 fl oz x x 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol E x x 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 1-1.5 lb x 1-1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl E[r] x E[r] 1d NA
Vanguard WG (75WG) 9 5 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil E-G x x 2d 4

142
Plum Full Bloom – Insects
Notes on insect management
• Protect pollinators! Do not apply insecticides during bloom.

Plum Petal Fall through Shuck Split – Diseases

Notes on disease management
Brown rot
• Failure to control plum curculio and/or brown marmorated stink bug may result in an increase in brown rot.
• When using coppers or captan post-bloom, drying conditions should be excellent to minimize the risk of
phytotoxicity. Applications of captan from shuck split through early July can cause shot-holing of leaves and
spotting of fruit of some European and Japanese plums.
• Rovral cannot be applied after petal fall.
• The last application of Bravo is at shuck split.

Table 5-5. Fungicides labeled for disease control from petal fall through shuck split1
Product and formulation REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
brown rot bacterial spot black knot PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 12-15.5 fl oz x x 4h 92.3 fl oz
azoxystrobin F-E[r] x x 0d 15
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3.1-4.1 pt x 3-4 pt 12h 18.8 lb
chlorothalonil G G G shuck split NA
Captan 80WDG M 3.7 lb x x 24h 40 lb
captan G x x 0d NA
Cevya 3 5 oz x x 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole E x x 0d 5
Elevate 50 WDG 17 1-1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid E-G x x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 2 oz x x 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole E x x 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3.8 fl oz x x 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin E-G x x 1d 3
Fontelis (SC) 7 14-20 fl oz x x 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad E-G x x 0d 4
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz x x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole E[r] x x 0d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz x x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E x x 2d 8
Kenja 400 SC 7 12.5 fl oz x x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid E x x 1 day 3
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 6-10 fl oz x x 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol G-E x x 1d NA
Luna Privilege 7 4-6.8 fl oz x x 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E x x 0d 6
(Continued)

143
Table 5-5. Fungicides labeled for disease control from petal fall through shuck split (continued)
Product and formulation REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
brown rot bacterial spot black knot PHI4 Max app6
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 6-10 fl oz x x 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E x x 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 4-6.7 fl oz x x 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E x x 0d 4
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb x x 24h NA
sulfur F x x 0d 3
Miravis 7 3.4-5.1 fl oz x x 4 hr 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen E-G x x 0d 4
Ph-D 19 6.2 oz x x 0d NA
polyoxin D G x x NA NA
Pristine 7+11 10.5-14.5 oz x x 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid E-G[r] x x 0d 9
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz x x 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole E x x 0d 5
Quash 3 2.5-3.5 oz x x 12h 12 oz
metconazole E-G x x 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14 fl oz x x 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole E x x 0d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 2.5-6 oz x x 24h 2.75 lb
myclobutanil G x x 1d NA
Rovral 4F 2 1-2 pt x x 24h 4 pt
iprodione E x x N/A NA
Scala (SC) 9 9-18 fl oz x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil E-G x x 2d 2
Tilt (EC) 3 4 fl oz x x 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole E x x 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 6-8 oz x x 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin G x x 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 13 fl oz x x 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol E x x 7d 4
Topsin M WSB 1 1-1.5 lb x 1-1.5 lb 48h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl E[r] x E[r] 1d NA
Vanguard WG (75WG) 9 5 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil E-G x x 2d 4

144
Plum Petal Fall through Second Cover – • San Jose scale: Insecticides are best applied
when scale crawler nymphs are active.
Insects – Do not apply Movento until PF is complete.
Notes on insect management • Lesser peachtree borer: Control of the first gen-
• Codling moth: Pheromone traps for codling moth eration of lesser peachtree borer with trunk sprays
should be deployed by petal fall with the first cap- is during the time of peak moth flight, generally
tures expected during the early cover sprays. from early May to early June, See Borers of Peach,
Cherry, and Plum, page 152.

Table 5-6. Insecticides labeled for insect management petal fall through second cover1
Max
oriental peach peri- amt5
Product and formulation IRAC European plum Japanese San Jose leaf- fruit tree odical REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 red mite curculio beetle scale roller moth borers cicada PHI4 app6
Acramite 50WS 20D 1 lb x x x x x x x 12h 1 lb
bifenazate G x x x x x x x 3d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A x 4.5-5.5 oz x x x x x x 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam x G x x x x x x 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x 2.8 fl oz 1.4-2.8 1.4-2.8 x x x x 12h 10.5/14
fl oz fl oz fl oz
imidacloprid x s G F x x x x 0-21d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) 6 2.25-4.25 x x x x x x x 12h 8.5 fl
(RUP) fl oz oz
abamectin G x x x x x x x 21d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x x x x 3-4.5 3-4.5 oz x x 4h 9 oz
oz
chlorantraniliprole x x x x E E x x 10d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A x 21-27 fl oz x x 21-27 x x x 12h 53.5
fl oz fl oz
tolfenpyrad x G x x G x x x 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x 4.8-14.5 x x 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 12h 72.5
fl oz fl oz fl oz f oz fl oz fl oz
esfenvalerate x G x x E E G E 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 5-8 oz 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz x 5.3-8 oz x x 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid x E F F x E x x 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 x 5-6 oz x x x 6 oz x x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x G x x x F x x 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.4-2.8 x x 2.4-2.8 2-2.4 1.4-2 fl oz 2.4-2.8 12h 5.6
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin x G x x u E G E 7d NA
Centaur WDG (70WDG) 16 x x x 34.5 oz x x x x 12h 69 oz
buprofezin x x x E x x x x 14d 2
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x x x 5.7 fl oz x x x x 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor x x x s x x x x 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.3-21.3 10.3-21.3 10.3-21.3 x 10.3- 10.3-21.3 10.7-21.3 x 24h 42.7
fl oz fl oz fl oz 21.3 fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
fenpropathrin F G E x u E G x 3d NA
(Continued)

145
Table 5-6. Insecticides labeled for insect management petal fall through second cover (continued)
Max
oriental peach peri- amt5
Product and formulation IRAC European plum Japanese San Jose leaf- fruit tree odical REI3 Max
Active ingredient code red mite curculio beetle
2
scale roller moth borers cicada PHI4 app6
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x 6-7 oz x x 4.5-7 oz 6-7 oz x x 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x s x x E E x x 1d 4
Diazinon AG600 1B 6.5-12.25 x x x x x x x 4d 102
WBC (RUP) fl oz/100 fl oz
gal
diazinon u x x x x x x x 21d 2
Dimilin 2L (RUP) 15 x 8-16 fl oz x x 8-16 8-16 fl oz x x 12h 32 fl oz
fl oz
diflubenzuron x u x x u u x x 14d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x x x 4-8 4-8 fl oz x x 4h 29 fl oz
fl oz
spinosad x x x x u F x x 1d 3
Envidor 2SC 23 16-18 fl oz x x x x x x x 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen E x x x x x x x 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C x x x 4-5 oz x 4-5 oz x x 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x x x E x F x x 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x 13.5-20.5 13.5-20.5 x 10-20.5 10-20.5 x x 12h 61.5 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
cyantraniliprole x G G x E E x x 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x 2.13-4.25 2.13-4.25 2.13-4.25 2.13- 2.13-4.25 x x 7d 13 lb
lb lb lb 4.25 lb lb
phosmet x G G E E E x x 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x x x 8-16 10-16 x x 4h 64 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x x x E G x x 7d NA
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A 32-36 x x x x x x x 12h 36 fl oz
fl oz
fenazaquin E x x x x x x x 3d 1
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz x x 6-9 fl oz x x x x 24h 15.3
fl oz
spirotetramat s x x G x x x x 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) 3A x 1.2-4 x x 1.2-4 1.2-4 1.2-4 x 12h 24 fl oz
(RUP) fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x E x x E E G x 14d NA
Nexter (75WP) 21 4.4-10.7 oz x x x x x x x 12h 21.3 oz
pyridaben G x x x x x x x 7d 2
Oil (superior) UN 1.5-2% x x 1.5-2% x x x x 4h NA
mineral oil E x x G x x x x 0d NA
Onager (1EC) 10A 12-24 oz x x x x x x x 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox E x x x x x x x 7d 1
(Continued)

146
Table 5-6. Insecticides labeled for insect management petal fall through second cover (continued)
Max
oriental peach peri- amt5
Product and formulation IRAC European plum Japanese San Jose leaf- fruit tree odical REI3 Max
Active ingredient code red mite curculio beetle
2
scale roller moth borers cicada PHI4 app6
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pt x x x x x x x 12h 4 pt
fenpyroximate E x x x x x x x 7d 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 x 2.5- 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 2.5- 24h 1.6 pt
fl oz fl oz 5.1 fl oz fl oz fl oz 5.1 fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin x G E x E G G E 14d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 x x x 12h NA
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
pyrethrins u i F u u x x x 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 15 x x x x 20-50 20-40 20 fl oz x 12h 150 fl
fl oz fl oz oz
novaluron x x x x E E u x 8d NA
Savey 50DF 10A 3-6 oz x x x x x x x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox E x x x x x x x 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A x 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 4-5 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 12h 14 qt
carbaryl x F E u F F i G 3d 3
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x x x 10.5-14 x x x x 4h 28 fl oz
fl oz
flupyradifurone x x x G x x x x 14d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin x F F x u u s x 0d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B 1-2 lb x x x x x x x 2d 3 lb
fenbutatin-oxide G x x x x x x x 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz x 5.5-11 5.5-11 x x 4h 33 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
cyclaniliprole x G u x E E x x 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 x 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 24h 12.8
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin x G E x u G G E 14d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B 2-3 oz x x x x x x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole E x x x x x x x 7d 1

147
Plum Cover Sprays – Diseases spotting of fruit, and may be mistaken for bacterial
leaf spot.
7-10 days after shuck split
• To prevent brown rot at harvest, continue sprays 21
Notes on disease management days before harvest. Depending on rainfall, repeat
Bacterial spot applications every 5-10 days, if needed. Merivon,
• Copper pesticides are not recommended after first Luna Sensation and Pristine all have PHIs of 1 day
cover, to reduce the risk of phytotoxicity. or less.

Brown rot Powdery mildew

• Although captan is still labeled for use for brown • Stanley plums: Do not apply Quash. Do not apply
rot control, it is phytotoxic to some varieties of Quilt Xcel to Stanley plums earlier than 21 days
European, hybrid and Japanese plums. Symptoms prior to harvest, which has been implicated in
of phytotoxicity include shot-holes of leaves and reduced size and shape issues.

Table 5-7. Fungicides labeled for disease control during cover1

Product and formulation powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
brown rot mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 12-15.5 fl oz 12-15.5 fl oz 4h 92.3 fl oz
azoxystrobin F-E[r] F 0d 15
Captan 80WDG M 3.7 lb x 24h 40 lb
captan G x 0d NA
Cevya 3 5 oz 3-5 fl oz 12h 15 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole E E 0d 5
Elevate 50 WDG 17 1-1.5 lb x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid E-G x 0d NA
Elite 45DF 3 2 oz x 12h 3 lb
tebuconazole E x 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3.8 fl oz 2.5-3.8 fl oz 12h 15.2 fl oz
trifloxystrobin E-G E 1d 3
Fontelis (SC) 7 14-20 fl oz 14-20 fl oz 12h 61 fl oz
penthiopyrad E-G F-G 0d 4
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz x 12h 48 fl oz
fenbuconazole E[r] E-G 0d NA
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E G-F 2d 8
Kenja 400 SC 7 12.5 fl oz x 12h 37.5 fl oz
isofetamid E S 1 day 3
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 6-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol G-E E 1d NA
Luna Privilege 7 4-6.8 fl oz 4-6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E G 0d 6
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 6-10 fl oz 6-10 fl oz 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E E-G 1d 4
Merivon XBF 7+11 4-6.7 fl oz 4-6.7 fl oz 12h 20.1 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E E-G 0d 4
(Continued)

148
Table 5-7. Fungicides labeled for disease control during cover (continued)
Product and formulation powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
brown rot mildew PHI4 Max app6
Microthiol Disperss M 10-20 lb 10-20 lb 24h NA
sulfur F G 0d 3
Miravis 7 3.4-5.1 fl oz 3.4-5.1 fl oz 4 hr 20.4 fl oz
pydiflumetofen E-G E-G 0d 4
Ph-D 19 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 0d NA
polyoxin D G G NA NA
Pristine 7+11 10.5-14.5 oz 10.5-14.5 oz 12h 72.5 oz
pyaclostrobin + boscalid E-G[r] E[r] 0d 9
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole E G 0d 5
Quash 3 2.5-3.5 oz 3.5-4 oz 12h 12 oz
metconazole E-G E 14d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 70 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole E G 0d 5
Quintec 13 x 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
quinoxyfen x E 7d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 2.5-6 oz 2.5-6 oz 24h 2.75 lb
myclobutanil G E-G 1d NA
Rovral 4F 2 1-2 pt x 24h 4 pt
iprodione E x N/A NA
Scala (SC) 9 9-18 fl oz x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil E-G x 2d 2
Tilt (EC) 3 4 fl oz 4 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
propiconazole E G 0d 5
Topguard EQ 3+11 6-8 oz 6-8 oz 12h NA
flutriafol + azoxystrobin G E 7d 4
Topguard Specialty Crop 3 14 oz 14 oz 12h 56 fl oz
flutriafol G E 7d 4

149
Plum Second and Additional Cover Sprays • Peachtree borer: Best controlled by a trunk
drench at the time of peak moth flight in, usually
– Insects in early August. See Borers of Peach, Cherry and
Two weeks after first cover spray and 10- to 14-day Plum, page 152.
intervals thereafter • Japanese beetle: Begin applications for Japanese
Notes on insect management beetle as soon as observed. Multiple applications
• Plum curculio can stay active thorough second may be needed.
cover. Failure to control plum curculio may result in • Cherry fruit flies: Adults emerge from late May
an increase in brown rot. to early July and lay their eggs in the fruits. Sprays
need to target the adults before egg laying begins,
generally 5 to 6 days after adults emerge.

Table 5-8. Insecticides labeled for summer covers1

oriental spotted-
Product and formulation IRAC European cherry Japanese fruit wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite fruit fly beetle leafroller moth Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20D 1 lb x x x x x 12h 1 lb
bifenazate G x x x x x 3d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A x 4.5-5.5 oz x x x x 12h 11 oz
thiamethoxam x G x x x x 14d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x 2-2.8 fl oz 1.4-2.8 x x x 12h 10.5/14
fl oz fl oz
imidacloprid x G G x x x 0-21d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 2.25-4.25 x x x x x 12h 8.5 fl oz
fl oz
abamectin G x x x x x 21d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x 3-4.5 oz x 3-4.5 oz 3-4.5 oz x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole x G x E E x 10d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A x 14-27 fl oz x 21-27 fl oz x 21-27 fl oz 12h 53.5 fl oz
tolfenpyrad x F x G x s 14d 2
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A x 4.8-14.5 x 4.8-14.5 4.8-14.5 x 12h 72.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
esfenvalerate x G x E E x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 5.3-8 oz 5.3-8 oz x 5.3-8 oz x 12h 32 oz
acetamiprid x G F x E x 7d 4
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 x x x x 6 oz x 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb x x x x F x 14d 4
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.4-2.8 x 2.4-2.8 2-2.4 fl oz x 12h 5.6 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin x G x u E x 7d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.3-21.3 16-21.3 10.3-21.3 10.3-21.3 10.3-21.3 10.7-21.3 fl oz 24h 42.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
fenpropathrin F G E u E E 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x x x 4.5-7 oz 6-7 oz 4.5-7 oz 4h 28 oz
spinetoram x x x E E E 1d 4
(Continued)

150
Table 5-8. Insecticides labeled for summer covers (continued)
oriental spotted-
Product and formulation IRAC European cherry Japanese fruit wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite fruit fly beetle leafroller moth Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 1B 6.5-12.25 x x x x x 4d 102 fl oz
fl oz/100
gal
diazinon u x x x x x 21d 2
Dimilin 2L (RUP) 15 x x x 8-16 fl oz 8-16 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
diflubenzuron x x x u u x 14d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x 4-8 fl oz x 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x G x u F G 1d 3
Envidor 2SC 23 16-18 fl oz x x x x x 12h 18 fl oz
spirodiclofen E x x x x x 7d 1
Esteem 35WP 7C x x x x 4-5 oz x 12h 15 oz
pyriproxyfen x x x x F x 14d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x 10-17 fl oz 13.5-20.5 10-20.5 10-20.5 13.5-20.5 12h 61.5 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
cyantraniliprole x E G E E G 3d 3
Imidan 70W 1B x x 2.1-4.25 lb 2.1-4.25 lb 2.1-4.25 lb x 7d 13 lb
phosmet x x G E E x 7d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x x x 8-16 fl oz 10-16 fl oz x 4h 64 fl oz
methoxyfenozide x x x E G x 7d NA
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A 32-36 fl x x x x x 12h 36 fl oz
oz
fenazaquin E x x x x x 3d 1
Movento (2SC) 23 6-9 fl oz 6-9 fl oz x x x 6-9 fl oz 24h 15.3 fl oz
spirotetramat s s x x x s 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A x 1.28-4 fl x 1.28-4 fl 1.28-4 fl 4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
oz oz oz
zeta-cypermethrin x F x E E E 14d NA
Nexter (75WP) 21 4.4-10.7 x x x x x 12h 21.3 oz
oz
pyridaben G x x x x x 7d 2
Oil (superior) UN see label x x x x x 4h NA
mineral oil E x x x x x 0d NA
Onager (1EC) 10A 12-24 oz x x x x x 12h 24 fl oz
hexythiazox E x x x x x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A 2 pt x x x x x 12h 4 pt
fenpyroximate E x x x x x 7d 2
Proaxis (0.5EC) (RUP) 3A x 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 2.5-5.1 x 24h 1.6 pt
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
gamma-cyhalothrin x G E E G x 14d NA
(Continued)

151
Table 5-8. Insecticides labeled for summer covers (continued)
oriental spotted-
Product and formulation IRAC European cherry Japanese fruit wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 red mite fruit fly beetle leafroller moth Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 x 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h NA
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
pyrethrins u u F u x i 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 15 x 20-40 x 20-50 fl 20-40 x 12h 150 fl oz
fl oz oz fl oz
novaluron x G x E E x 8d NA
Savey 50DF 10A 3-6 oz x x x x x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox E x x x x x 28d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A x 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt 2-3 qt x 12h 14 qt
carbaryl x G E F F x 3d 3
Surround WP (95WP) UN x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin x G F u u x 0d NA
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B 1-2 lb x x x x x 2d 3 lb
fenbutatin-oxide G x x x x x 14d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 x 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 5.5-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole x G u E E u 7d 3
Warrior II (2.08CS) (RUP) 3A x 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 1.2-2.5 x 24h 12.8 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
lambda-cyhalothrin x G E u G x 14d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B 2-3 oz x x x x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole E x x x x x 7d 1

Special Problems of Stone Fruit Bacterial canker of sweet cherry

Bacterial canker is a sporadic but serious problem on
Borers of peach, cherry, and plum trees sweet cherries. It is generally less severe on tart cher-
The peachtree borer, lesser peachtree borer and shot- ries, plums and prunes.
hole borer often infest peach, apricot, cherry and plum The disease is favored by cold, wet conditions during
trees. Peachtree borers infest the trunk at the soil line, and shortly after bloom. Copper compounds are
while lesser peachtree borers infest scaffold limbs and moderately effective in reducing pathogen populations
the upper trunk. and controlling the disease. Apply copper compounds
The peachtree borer is primarily a pest of young trees, according to the product label in the spring while trees
whereas the lesser peachtree borer is a pest of older are dormant.
trees. The shothole borer is often found in trees of low If favorable conditions for the disease persist, apply
vigor with dead and/or diseased limbs. Moths of the reduced-rate applications (25-35 percent of dormant
two peachtree borers lay their eggs on the surface of rate) after bud break, but before bloom. You can add
bark; shothole beetles lay their eggs in the inner bark. hydrated lime (6-9 lb/acre) to reduce the phytotoxicity
Some of the regularly applied cover sprays help con- that can occur when copper compounds are applied in
trol borers; however, specific trunk and scaffold branch cool, wet conditions.
spray are often required. Pheromone traps are avail-
able to monitor emergence of the adult stage (moth) of
lesser peachtree borer and peachtree borer. Knowing
Bacterial spot of peach, nectarine and
the time of emergence can help you properly time in- plum
secticide applications, because insecticides target the Bacterial spot of stone fruit can be a serious problem
hatching eggs laid by the newly emerged moths. in certain varieties, areas and years. The disease is fa-

152
vored by stormy, rainy weather from May through July.
It causes the most damage in areas where the soil is
Phytophthora root, crown and collar rots
sandy and where strong winds blow the sand. Peach rootstocks are highly susceptible to Phytoph-
thora root, crown and collar rots. The main defense
Planting cultivars resistant to bacterial spot provides against these diseases is providing good soil drainage
the best control. In the past, various control programs through proper site selection and tiling.
have been tried using foliar sprays of zinc sulfate plus
lime, or fall applications of copper with or without lime. However, Ridomil Gold SL provides additional pro-
None of these programs offered reliable control and, in tection in wet years, on marginal sites, or in wetter
some cases, caused foliar and twig damage. sections of the orchard. Make applications just before
growth starts in the spring and at two- to three-month
For peaches, the antibiotic oxytetracycline (My- intervals thereafter if soil is very wet. Apply to the soil
coshield or FireLine) provides good control when beneath the tree canopy in sufficient water to ensure
properly applied. For best results, use oxytetracycline good coverage. (Subsequent rain or irrigation moves
at 12 oz per 100 gal of dilute spray. Use dilute or 2x; material into the soil.)
higher concentrates are not effective and may be
phytotoxic. These products are no longer labeled for Ridomil Gold SL is also registered for use on cherries
plums. (sweet and tart), nectarines, plums and prunes. See
label for further information and use rates. See page
Spraying the entire tree once per week is essential. 27 for additional information on phosphorous acid,
If you spray only one side of the tree (alternate row phosphonates and phosphites.
middle), make certain to spray the other side of the
tree within 3-4 days. Begin sprays at shuck split and
continue at 7-day intervals until three weeks before Mating disruption of oriental fruit moth
harvest. Copper sprays, applied for peach leaf curl at Mating disruption can succeed in blocks of at least
leaf drop, also may help control bacterial spot. The 5 acres, or smaller blocks when perimeter or border
rate of copper decreases over the growing season. On sprays are used. There are many different types of dis-
peaches, copper can cause injury to leaves and ap- pensers available, see Mating Disruption for Codling
pears as reddish spots and shot-holes with some very Moth Control and Oriental Fruit Moth on pages 26-27
mild defoliation when using an effective rate of copper. in the Apple chapter.
Because of risk for foliar injury, most copper materials
are not registered for use post-bloom or in more than
two applications post-bloom, and then only at low
Periodical cicadas
rates (always read and follow label instructions). See Periodical Cicadas in the Insect Management
For more information, see Learning from Peach Bac- Notes section for apples, page 52.
terial Spot Epidemics: Potential Strategies for Reducing
Fruit Losses (David Ritchie, North Carolina State Uni-
versity), https://plantpathology.ces.ncsu.edu/
wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Learning-from-Peach-
Bacterial-Spot-Epidemics.pdf?fwd=no

153
 6. GRAPE
Grape Insect Pests
The shaded/colored boxes represent the crop stages where common pests in the Midwest are active. Scouting
and/or preventative sprays may be necessary or recommended.
Grape Growth Stage
Delayed Dormant Pre-bloom
through Bud Bud 4- to 10-inch through Shatter to Veraison to
Swell Break Shoots Bloom Bloom Shatter Veraison Harvest Post-harvest
grape flea beetle
grape phylloxera
rose chafer rose chafer
grape berry moth
Japanese beetle
spotted-wing
Drosophila
multi-colored
Asian lady beetle
green June beetle
grape root borer
climbing cutworm
spider mites spider mites
grape scale grape scale
grape mealybug grape mealybug
redbanded leafroller red-banded leafroller
eight-spotted
forester
grape cane
girdler
grape cane
gallmaker
grape rootworm
stink bug
spotted lanternfly

Major Present in most vineyards in most years and usually causing economic damage if not managed.
Minor Often present but usually not causing economic damage and not requiring management.
Impending Pest is not known to occur in Midwestern states but is likely to appear in the future.

154
Grape Spray Schedule For treated wine grapes, the REI is 5 days when con-
7

ducting cane tying, turning, or girdling. The REI is 12

Entomology Lead: E.Y. Long, R. Bessin hours for all other activities in wine grapes.
Pathology Lead: J. Beckerman
8
For table grapes, the REI for cane tying, turning, or
How to read the spray schedule tables girdling is 7 days.
Every grape growth stage has important notes on
disease or insect management. In some cases, the Notes on disease control
reader will be directed to the special problems section
at the end of the chapter. Please make sure to read
recommendations
thoroughly, and contact your local Extension specialist The following information is intended to provide general
with questions. guidelines for use in developing a fungicide spray
program for grapes in the Midwest. This spray sched-
Key to tables ule presents various fungicide options that growers
can consider. The major grape diseases that generally
E = excellent control
require at least some fungicide application for control
G = good control
on an annual basis include black rot, powdery mildew,
F = fair control
downy mildew, and Phomopsis blight. Several recom-
[r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible
mendations in this guide include tank mixes of different
s = suppression only
fungicides that are intended to provide a program to
i = ineffective
control all of these diseases simultaneously.
u = unknown efficacy
x = pest not on the label
Grape Delayed Dormant through Bud Swell
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials – Diseases
1

conducted across various regions and does not neces-

sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over Apply just as buds are beginning to swell but before
time. Growers should contact their Extension special- they show green.
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information. Notes on disease management
The information in this publication is only a guide; the
• Black rot, Phomopsis, anthracnose: A delayed
authors and their institutions assume no liability for
dormant application of lime-sulfur is recommended
practices implemented based on this information. Al-
to reduce overwintering inoculum of Phomopsis
ways read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the
and powdery mildew on canes, and it also has
law. Product registration may vary by state.
been shown to control anthracnose. Make the
2
F/I-RAC code represents the mode of action of the delayed-dormant spray in early spring just as buds
fungicide/insecticide. swell but before they show green. This high rate is
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the intended to “burn out” overwintering inoculum on
number of days before harvest that the product may infected canes. This is probably the most important
not be applied. spray for controlling the disease.
4
All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-
Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the
time immediately after a pesticide application when
entry into the treated area is limited. Check labels for
REI as restrictions may prohibit the use of certain pes-
ticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/
acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum
amount of product per season AND maximum number
of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of
applications per year. Applicators must abide by both
maximum amount of product per season AND maxi-
mum number of applications.

155
Table 6-1. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – delayed dormant through bud swell1
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose Phomopsis powdery mildew PHI4 Max app6
Sulforix M 1-2 gal 48h 16 gal
lime-sulfur E E s(E) NA 8

Grape Delayed Dormant through Bud Swell Notes on insect pest management
Flea beetle (adults) and climbing cutworms:
– Insects •
Scout at least weekly as bud swell occurs.
Apply just as buds are beginning to swell but before
they show green.

Table 6-2. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects – delayed dormant through bud swell1
mites:
Product and formulation IRAC climbing grape European red, REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 cutworm flea beetle spider mite scale PHI4 Max app6
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x x 7-14 fl oz 12h 2.8/14 fl oz
(soil)
imidacloprid x x x G 0/30d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 x x 1.75-3.5 fl oz x 12h/4d 7 fl oz
abamectin x x G x 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 3-4.5 oz x x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole G x x x 14d 4
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A x x 4-8 oz x 12h/14d NA
clofentezine x x E x 21d 1
Azera 0.21EC 3A 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins u u u u 0d 10
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4-3.2 fl oz 2.4-3.2 fl oz x x 12h 12.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E G x x 3d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 3.2-6.4 fl oz x 6.4 fl oz x 12h 7 fl oz
bifenthrin G x u x 30d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 8-16 oz x 16 oz x 12h 16 oz
bifenthrin G x u x 30d NA
B.t. (Agree, Dipel, etc.) 11A x x x x 4h NA
Bacillus thuringiensis F x x x 0d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-21.3 fl oz 5.3-10.6 fl oz 10.6-21.3 fl oz x 24h 42.6 fl oz
fenpropathrin G E G x 21d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-5 oz x x x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram G x x x 3d 5
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-8 fl oz x x x 4h 23 fl oz
spinosad G x x x 3d 5
Envidor 2SC 23 x x 16-34 fl oz x 12h 34 fl oz
spirodiclofen x x E x 14d 1
Imidan 70W 1B x 1.3-2.1 lb x x 14d 6.5 lb
phosmet x F x x 7/14d NA
(Continued)

156
Table 6-2. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects – delayed dormant through bud swell1 (continued)
mites:
Product and formulation IRAC climbing grape European red, REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 cutworm flea beetle spider mite scale PHI4 Max app6
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x 21-31 fl oz x 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl x x F x 7d 2
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A x x 32-36 fl oz x 12h 36 fl oz
fenazaquin x x u x 7d 1
Malathion 5EC 1B x x 3 pt 3 pt 72h NA
malathion x x u u 3d 2
Movento (2SC) 23 x x 6-8 fl oz 6-8 fl oz 24h 12.5 fl oz
spirotetramat x x s s 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 2-4 fl oz x x x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin E x x x 1d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x 13.7 fl oz x 12h 28 fl oz
cyflumetofen x x G x 14d 2
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A x x 7.5-17 fl oz x 12h NA
pyridaben x x G x 7d 2
Onager (1EC) 10A x x 12-24 oz x 12h 24 oz
hexythiazox x x E x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x x 2 pt x 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate x x E x 14d 2
Pyganic 5%EC 3A x 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h NA
pyrethrins x F u u 0d 10
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2 qt 1-2 qt x 1-2 qt 2d/6d 10 qt
carbaryl E E x u 7d 5
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x 1-2.5 lb x 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x F x 28d 2
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 8.2-11 fl oz x x x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole u x x x 7d 3
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x 2-3 oz x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x E x 14d 1

Grape Bud Break to Pre-bloom – Diseases Fungicide resistance alert

Notes on disease management • The downy and powdery mildew pathogens are
especially prone to fungicide resistance. Avoid
• Begin fungicide applications at 1-3 inch new shoot back-to-back applications of any one systemic
growth; repeat at 7-10 day intervals or according to fungicide class. See Fungicide Resistance Man-
label instructions and environmental conditions. agement, page 180, for information about fungicide
• Powdery mildew: Primary infections of powdery resistance development in powdery and downy
mildew can occur during this period. Adding a mildews. See generic fungicides table for product
FRAC 3 fungicide (Cevya, Mettle, Procure, Rally, with the same active ingredient, page 278.
Tebuzol) in the third or fourth spray during this • Avoid using fungicides in FRAC group 7 or 11
time period improves control of powdery mildew during this period.
and black rot.

157
Phytotoxicity alert • Flint 50WG should not be applied to Concord or
• Inspire Super, Quadris Top, and Revus Top all other American type grapes, as injury may occur.
contain the active ingredient difenoconazole. All • Luna Experience is labeled for wine grapes only
fungicides with difenoconazole labeled for grapes and should not be used on Concord grapes.
have the following precaution: “On V. labrusca, V. • Pristine should not be applied to Concord or other
labrusca hybrids, and other non-vinifera hybrids American-type grapes, as injury may occur.
where sensitivity is not known, the use of Inspire
Super, Quadris Top, or Revus Top by itself or in Foundation program: This program contains prod-
tank mixes with materials that may increase uptake ucts that are at a lower risk of resistance and serves as
(adjuvants, foliar fertilizers) may result in leaf burn- foundation for a grape disease management program.
ing or other phytotoxic effects.”
• Revus Top cannot be used on Concord, Concord
Seedless, and Thomcord grapes.

Table 6-3. Foundation fungicide program for early season control of grape diseases1
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose black rot downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Aliette WDG 33 x x 3-5 lb x x 12h NA
aluminum tris x x E x x 15d 3
Captan 80 WDG M 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 48h 15 lb
captan s(G) s(F) G E i 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x 1.25-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 48 h 50 lb
copper sulfate x F F F F-i NA NA
Microthiol Disperss M x x x 3-10 lb 3-10 lb 24h NA
sulfur x x x F E 0d NA
ProPhyt 33 x x 2-4 pt 2-4 pt x 4h NA
potassium phosphite x x G-E G-E x 0d NA
Ridomil Gold Copper 4+M x x 5 lb x x 48h 8 lb
(1 pack)
mefenoxam + copper hydroxide x x E x x 42d 4
Ridomil Gold MZ WG 4+M x x 2.5 lb x x 48h 10 lb
mefenoxam + mancozeb x x E x x 66d 4
Roper DF M x 1.5-4 1.5-4 1.5-4 x 24h 24 lb
mancozeb x E E E x 66d 6
Sulforix M x x x 1-2 gal, 1-2 gal, 48h NA
1 pt 1 pt
calcium polysulfide x x x G-E i NA 8
Ziram 76DF M3 x 3-4 lb 3-4 lb 3-4 lb x 48h 28 lb
ziram x E G G x 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

158
Supplemental sprays: These fungicides provide program when specific disease pressures are higher.
greater activity against specific diseases and should be As more green tissue develops, systemic fungicides
applied as a tank mix or in rotation with the foundation have greater efficacy against specific pathogens.

Table 6-4. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – bud break to pre-bloom1
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar black rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin x E E [r] F E [r] 14d varies
Aliette WDG 33 x x 3-5 lb x x 12h NA
aluminum tris x x E x x 15d 3
Aprovia (EC) 7 8.6-10.5 fl oz 8.6-10.5 fl oz x 8.6-10.5 fl oz 8.6-10.5 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr i G-E x i G-E 21d 3
Captan 80 WDG M 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 48h 15 lb
captan s(G) s(F) G E i 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 4 fl oz x 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 12h 8 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x E x G G-E 14d 2
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x 1.25-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 48 h 50 lb
copper sulfate x F F F F-i NA NA
Endura (70WG) 7 x x x x 4.5 oz 12h 24 oz
boscalid x x x x E 14d varies
Fervent 475SC 3+7 x 8.5 fl oz x 8.5 fl oz 8.5 fl oz 12h 26 fl oz
isofetamid+tebuconazole x u x u E 14d NA
Flint Extra 11 x 3.5-3.8 fl oz 3.8 fl oz 3.5-3.8 fl oz 3-3.5 fl oz 12h 23 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x E s F E 14d 6
Forum 40 x x 6 oz x x 12h 24 oz
dimethomorph x x E x x 14d 4
Fracture M x x x x 20.5-24.4 fl oz 4h NA
Banda de Lupinus albus doce x x x x E 1d 5
(BLAD)
Gatten U13 x x x x 6.4 fl oz 12h 1 lb
flutianil x x x x G-E 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x x 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E E x x G 14d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 20-22 fl oz x x x 20-22 fl oz 12h 66 fl oz
isofetamid G x x x F 14d NA
Lifegard WG M x 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4h NA
Bacillus mycoides isolate J x x F x F 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x 8-8.6 fl oz x 8.6 fl oz 6-8.6 fl oz 12h/5d6 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x G x s E 14d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x 6-6.8 fl oz x x 3.2-6.8 fl oz 12h 14 fl oz
fluopyram x G x x G 7d 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-7.6 fl oz 7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x G s F-G E 14d 6
(Continued)

159
Table 6-4. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – bud break to pre-bloom1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar black rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E G-E s G-E E [r] 14d 6
Mettle 125ME 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz x x 3-5 fl oz 12h/7d7 10 oz
tetraconazole E E x x E [r] 14d varies
Microthiol Disperss M x x x 3-10 lb 3-10 lb 24h NA
sulfur x x x F E 0d NA
Miravis Prime 7+12 9.2-13.4 fl oz 9.2-13.4 x 9.2-13.4 fl oz 9.2-13.4 fl oz 12h 37 fl oz
fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil u E x F-G G-E 14d 2
OSO 5% SC 19 x x x x 6.5-13 fl oz 4h 5 oz
polyoxin D x x x x G 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 12h/5d6 69 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid E E E [r] F E 14d varies
Procure 480SC 3 x x x x 4-8 fl oz 24h 32 fl oz
triflumizole x x x x E [r] 7d 4
ProPhyt 33 x x 2-4 pt 2-4 pt x 4h NA
potassium phosphite x x G-E G-E x 0d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
difenoconazole + azoxystrobin E E F F E 14d NA
Quintec (2.08F) 13 x x x x 4-6.6 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x x E 21d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 3-5 oz 3-5 oz x x 3-5 oz 24h 2 lb
myclobutanil E E x x E [r] 14d NA
Ranman 400SC 21 x x E x x 12h 17 fl oz
cyazofamid x x 2.1-2.75 fl oz x x 30d 6
Reason 500SC 11 x x 2.7 fl oz x x 12h 9 fl oz
fenamidone x x G [r] x x 30d NA
Revus 40 x x 8 fl oz x x 4h 32 fl oz
mandipropamid x x E x x 14d NA
Revus Top 3+40 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
difenoconazole + mandipropamid E E E E E 14d NA
Ridomil Gold Copper 4+M x x 5 lb (1 pack) x x 48h 8 lb
mefenoxam + copper hydroxide x x E x x 42d 4
Ridomil Gold MZ WG 4+M x x 2.5 lb x x 48h 10 lb
mefenoxam + mancozeb x x E x x 66d 4
Roper DF M x 1.5-4 1.5-4 1.5-4 x 24h 24 lb
mancozeb x E E E x 66d 6
Sovran (50WG) 11 x 3.2-4.8 oz 4-6.4 oz 3.2-4.8 oz 3.2-4.8 oz 12h 26 oz
kresoxim-methyl x E F [r] F E [r] 14d 4
Sulforix M x x x 1-2 gal, 1 pt 1-2 gal, 1 pt 48h NA
calcium polysulfide x x x G-E i NA 8
(Continued)
160
Table 6-4. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – bud break to pre-bloom1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar black rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Tanos 11+27 x x 8 oz x x 12h 72 oz
famoxadone + cymoxanil x x G [r] x x 30d 9
Tebustar 45WSP 3 x 4 oz x x 4 oz 12h 2 lb
tebuconazole x E x x E [r] 0d NA
Topguard EQ 3+11 x 5-6 fl oz 8 fl oz 8 fl oz 5-6 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
azoxystrobin+flutriafol x u u u E 14d 6
Topsin M WSB 1 x 0.75-1.5 lb x 0.75-1.5 lb 0.75-1.5 lb 2d 6 lb
thiophanate-methyl x F x G E 7d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x 3.4-6.8 oz 4h 7 oz
cyflufenamid x x x x E 3d 1 or 2
Vangard WG 9 x x x x 10 oz 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x x x s 7d NA
Vivando 2.5F U8 x x x x 10.3-15.4 fl oz 12h 43 fl oz
metrafenone x x x x E 14d 3
Zampro 45+40 x x 11-14 fl oz x x 12h 56 fl oz
ametoctradin + dimethomorph x x E x x 14d NA
Ziram 76DF M3 x 3-4 lb 3-4 lb 3-4 lb x 48h 28 lb
ziram x E G G x 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

Grape Bud Break to 4-inch Shoot to 10-inch • While all grapes do not benefit from insect pol-
lination, protection of bees and other pollinators
Shoots through Bloom – Insects harvesting pollen from grape flowers is important.
Notes on insect pest management Avoid spraying insecticides that are toxic to polli-
• Grape phylloxera: Admire Pro is soil-applied for nators during bloom.
systemic control. Use if there is a history of leaf- • Scorpion 35SL: Use low rate for foliar. Use high
galling. Apply from bud swell until the first expand- rate for soil application.
ed leaf to be sure the chemical is available as soon • Movento 2SC: See label regarding adjuvants. Allow
as the roots begin to take up water, as it takes 30 days between applications. Movento is applied
several weeks for the chemical to get to the leaves. to leaves but moves to the roots. It is most effective
• Rose chafers: May be present any time between if applied at this early stage of grape growth.
4- and 10-inch shoot growth and bloom. • Grape scale: Not a common pest in most of the
• Redbanded leafroller and grape berry moth: Midwest. In southern areas, flag scale-infested
Pheromone traps for grape berry moth and red- vines during dormant pruning. In early May begin
banded leafroller indicate if they are present and weekly inspections of flagged vines for scale
help determine the need for control. crawlers. Lift live adult scale covers and look for
• Grape phylloxera (leaf form): Control the root yellow moving crawlers (use a hand lens with 10x
gall form of grape phylloxera by using rootstocks magnification). Protect canes by applying sprays
derived from American grapes. Native American every 10 days as long as you see moving crawlers
grapes (Eastern U.S.) are highly resistant to this (2-3 week crawler emergence period).
pest. • Other insecticide formulations may be available.
See generic insecticides table for product with the
same active ingredient, pages 279-280.

161
Table 6-5. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects – bud break up to bloom1
grape cane
Product and formulation IRAC climbing girdler/ grape REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 cutworm gallmaker flea beetle rose chafer PHI4 Max app6
Altacor (35WDG) 28 3-4.5 oz x x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole G x x x 14d 4
Assail 30SG 4A x 2.5-5.3 oz x 2.5-5.3 oz 12h 10.6 oz
acetamiprid x u x E 3d 2
Azera 0.21EC 3A 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins u u u u 0d 10
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4 -3.2 fl oz 2.4 -3.2 fl oz 2.4 -3.2 fl oz x 12h 12.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E G G x 3d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 3.2-6.4 fl oz x x x 12h 7 fl oz
bifenthrin G x x x 30d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 8-16 oz x x x 12h 16 oz
bifenthrin G x x x 30d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-21.3 10.6-21.3 5.3 to 10.6 fl oz 10.6-21.3 24h 42.6 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
fenpropathrin G u E E 21d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-5 oz x x x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram G x x x 3d 5
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-8 fl oz x x x 4h 23 fl oz
spinosad G x x x 3d 5
Imidan 70W 1B x 1.3-2.1 lb 1.3-2.1 lb 1.3-2.1 lb 14d 6.5 lb
phosmet x u F G 7/14d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 2-4 fl oz x x x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin E x x x 1d NA
Pyganic 5%EC 3A x x 4.5-15.6 fl oz x 12h NA
pyrethrins x x F x 0d 10
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2 qt x 1-2 qt 1-2 qt 2d/6d 10 qt
carbaryl E x E E 7d 5
Surround WP (95WP) UN x x x 25-50 lb 4h NA
kaolin x x x F 0 NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 8.2-11 fl oz x x x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole u x x x 7d 3
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

162
Grape Pre-bloom through Shatter – Diseases • Botrytis bunch rot: A fungicide application during
this period is critical on tight-clustered varieties
Notes on disease management (especially French hybrids or Vinifera) or in vine-
Pre-bloom through bloom yards where Botrytis bunch rot has been a prob-
• Begin pre-bloom applications when shoots are 10- lem in the past. See Botrytis Bunch Rot, page 179.
to 12- inches through the bloom period. • Begin shatter applications when unfertilized berries
• Critical period for disease control: The period from fall from clusters, about 7-10 days after bloom or
immediate pre-bloom through four or five weeks 7-10 days after last spray.
after bloom is critical to control fruit infections by • Pay close attention to the PHI on products that
the black rot, powdery mildew, and the downy mil- contain mancozeb or Ridomil.
dew pathogens.
• Although fruit of the most commonly planted Fungicide Resistance Alert
varieties become resistant to powdery and downy • The downy and powdery mildew pathogens are
mildews as they mature, the rachises (cluster especially prone to fungicide resistance. Avoid
stems) and leaves remain susceptible. Fungicide back-to-back applications of any one systemic
protection against powdery and downy mildews is fungicide class (i.e., FRAC 3, 7, or 11).
therefore required throughout the growing season. • See Fungicide Resistance Management, page
180, for information about fungicide resistance
Bloom development in powdery and downy mildews. See
• Begin bloom applications when the caps start to generic fungicides table for product with the same
drop. active ingredient, page 278.
• If wet weather persists during bloom, or if the in-
terval between the pre-bloom and shatter spray is Phytotoxicity Alert
greater than 10 days, a fungicide application during • Do not apply sulfur or captan at the same time as
bloom may be necessary. an oil or within two weeks of an oil application.
• Downy mildew is the most common disease in • Do not tank mix captan with the insecticide Sevin
the Midwest. Initial infections can occur as early as XLR.
bloom. Leaf infections may occur throughout the • The use of Revus Top on V. labrusca and V. labrusca
summer, so it may be necessary to protect suscep- varieties is not known. Care should be taken when
tible varieties from bloom to post- harvest. using a tank-mix, adjuvants or foliar fertilizers with
this product to avoid phytotoxicity.

Table 6-6. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – pre-bloom through shatter1
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose black rot Botrytis downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar bunch rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 10-15.5 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 4h 90 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
azoxystrobin x E s E [r] F E [r] 14d varies
Aliette WDG 33 x x x 3-5 lb x x 12h NA
aluminum tris x x x E x x 15d 3
Aprovia (EC) 7 8.6-10.5 fl oz 8.6-10.5 x x 8.6-10.5 fl oz 8.6-10.5 12h 32 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
benzovindiflupyr i G-E x x i G-E 21d 3
Captan 80 WDG M 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 1.2-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 48h 15 lb
lb
captan s(G) s(F) F G E i 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 4 fl oz x x 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 12h 8 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x E x x G G-E 14d 2
(Continued)

163
Table 6-6. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – pre-bloom through shatter1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose black rot Botrytis downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar bunch rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x 1.25-3 lb x 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 48 h 50 lb
copper sulfate x F x F F F-i x
Elevate 50 WDG 17 x x 1 lb x x 1 lb 12h 3 lb
fenhexamid x x E x x s 0d 3
Endura (70WG) 7 x x 8 oz x x 4.5 oz 12h 24 oz
boscalid x x G x x E 14d varies
Fervent 475SC 3+7 x 8.5 fl oz 8.5 fl oz x 8.5 fl oz 8.5 fl oz 12h 26 fl oz
isofetamid+tebuconazole x u s x u E 14d NA
Flint Extra 11 x 3.5-3.8 3.8 fl oz 3.8 fl oz 3.5-3.8 fl oz 3-3.5 fl oz 12h 23 fl oz
fl oz
trifloxystrobin x E G s F E 14d 6
Forum 40 x x x 6 oz x x 12h 24 oz
dimethomorph x x x E x x 14d 4
Fracture M x x 24.4-36.6 x x 20.5-24.4 4h NA
fl oz fl oz
Banda de Lupinus albus doce x x E x x E 1d 5
(BLAD)
Gatten U13 x x x x x 6.4 fl oz 12h 1 lb
flutianil x x x x x G-E 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x x 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E E E x x G 14d NA
Intuity (SC) 11 x x 6 fl oz x x 6 fl oz 12h 18 fl oz
mandestrobin x x G-E x x s 10d 3
Kenja 400SC 7 20-22 fl oz x 20-22 fl oz x x 20-22 fl 12h 66 fl oz
oz
isofetamid G x F x x F 14d NA
Lifegard WG M x 4.5 oz x 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4h NA
Bacillus mycoides isolate J x x x F x F 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x 8-8.6 fl oz 8-8.6 fl oz x 8.6 fl oz 6-8.6 fl oz 12h/ 34 fl oz
5d6
fluopyram + tebuconazol x G E x s E 14d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x 6-6.8 fl oz 6-6.8 fl oz x x 3.2-6.8 12h 14 fl oz
fl oz
fluopyram x G E x x G 7d 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x G G-E s F-G E 14d 6
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E G-E s s G-E E [r] 14d 6
Mettle 125ME 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz x x x 3-5 fl oz 12h/7d7 10 oz
tetraconazole E E x x x E [r] 14d varies
(Continued)

164
Table 6-6. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – pre-bloom through shatter1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose black rot Botrytis downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar bunch rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Microthiol Disperss M x x x x 3-10 lb 3-10 lb 24h NA
sulfur x x x x F E 0d NA
Miravis Prime 7+12 9.2-13.4 fl oz 9.2-13.4 10.3-13.4 x 9.2-13.4 fl oz 9.2-13.4 12h 37 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil u E G-E x F-G G-E 14d 2
OSO 5% SC 19 x x 6.5-13 fl oz x x 6.5-13 fl 4h 5 oz
oz
polyoxin D x x G x x G 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-23 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 12h/ 69 oz
5d6
pyraclostrobin + boscalid E E G E [r] F E 14d varies
Procure 480SC 3 x x x x x 4-8 fl oz 24h 32 fl oz
triflumizole x x s x x E [r] 7d 4
ProPhyt 33 x x x 2-4 pt 2-4 pt x 4h NA
potassium phosphite x x x G-E G-E x 0d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
fl oz
difenoconazole + azoxystrobin E E s F F E 14d NA
Quintec (2.08F) 13 x x x x x 4-6.6 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x x x E 21d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 3-5 oz 3-5 oz x x x 3-5 oz 24h 2 lb
myclobutanil E E x x x E[r] 14d NA
Ranman 400SC 21 x x x 2.1-2.75 x x 12h 17 fl oz
fl oz
cyazofamid x x x E x x 30d 6
Reason 500SC 11 x x x 2.7 fl oz x x 12h 9 fl oz
fenamidone x x x G[r] x x 30d NA
Revus 40 x x x 8 fl oz x x 4h 32 fl oz
mandipropamid x x x E x x 14d NA
Revus Top 3+40 7 fl oz 7 fl oz x 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
difenoconazole + E E x E E E 14d NA
mandipropamid
Ridomil Gold Copper 4+M x x x 5 lb x x 48h 8 lb
(1 pack)
mefenoxam + copper hydroxide x x x E x x 42d 4
Ridomil Gold MZ WG 4+M x x x 2.5 lb x x 48h 10 lb
mefenoxam + mancozeb x x x E x x 66d 4
Roper DF M x 1.5-4 1.5-4 1.5-4 1.5-4 x 24h 24 lb
mancozeb x E i E E x 66d 6
Rovral 4 F 2 x x 1-2 pt x x x 48h 2 or 8 pt
iprodione x x G x x x 7d 1 or 4
(Continued)

165
Table 6-6. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – pre-bloom through shatter1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose black rot Botrytis downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar bunch rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Scala SC 9 x x 18 fl oz x x x 12h 36 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x G x x x 7d NA
Sovran (50WG) 11 x 3.2-4.8 oz 3.2-6.4 oz 4-6.4 oz 3.2-4.8 oz 3.2-4.8 oz 12h 26 oz
kresoxim-methyl x E s F [r] F E [r] 14d 4
Sulforix M x x x x 1-2 gal, 1 pt 1-2 gal, 1 pt 48h NA
calcium polysulfide x x x x G-E i NA 8
Switch 62.5 WG 9+12 x x 11-14 oz x x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil x x G x x x 7d NA
Tanos 11+27 x x x 8 oz x x 12h 72 oz
famoxadone + cymoxanil x x x G [r] x x 30d 9
Tebustar 45WSP 3 x 4 oz x x x 4 oz 12h 2 lb
tebuconazole x E x x x E [r] 0d NA
Topguard EQ 3+11 x 5-6 fl oz 8 fl oz 8 fl oz 8 fl oz 5-6 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
azoxystrobin + flutriafol x u s u u E 14d 6
Topsin M WSB 1 x 0.75-1.5 lb x x 0.75-1.5 lb 0.75-1.5 lb 2d 6 lb
thiophanate-methyl x F x x G E 7d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x x 3.4-6.8 oz 4h 7 oz
cyflufenamid x x x x x E 3d 1 or 2
Vangard WG 9 x x 10 oz x x 10 oz 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x G-E x x s 7d NA
Vivando 2.5F U8 x x x x x 10.3-15.4 12h 43 fl oz
fl oz
metrafenone x x x x x E 14d 3
Zampro 45+40 x x x 11-14 fl oz x x 12h 56 fl oz
ametoctradin + dimethomorph x x x E x x 14d NA
Ziram 76DF M3 x 3-4 lb 3-4 lb 3-4 lb 3-4 lb x 48h 28 lb
ziram x E s G G x 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

Grape Shatter through Veraison (berry • Redbanded leafroller: Although adult moths are
commonly caught in traps, the larvae of this pest
coloring) – Insects are not common in grapes in the Midwest.
Apply when unfertilized berries fall from clusters, • Leafhoppers (including sharpshooters): Exam-
about 7-10 days after bloom or 7-10 days after last spray. ining the undersides of grape leaves indicates if
Notes on insect pest management leafhoppers are present. See page 187-189.
• Grape rootworm: Occasional problems from
grape rootworm (adult beetles) are also controlled
by Sevin, Imidan, Danitol, Baythroid, or Brigade
applied for grape berry moth control. When found,
grape rootworm is typically a perimeter problem,
low in the canopy.

166
Table 6-7. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects – shatter1
Max
Product and grape red- amt5
formulation IRAC berry- grape Japanese banded rose spider REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 moth phylloxera beetle leafhopper leafroller chafer mite PHI4 app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x 1.5-3.5 oz 1.5-3.5 oz x x x 12h 7 oz
thiamethoxam x x G G x x x 5d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x 7-14 fl oz x 7-14 fl oz x x x 12h 2.8/14
(soil) (soil); 1-1.4 fl fl oz
oz (foliar)
imidacloprid x G x E x x x 0/30d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) 6 x x x 1.75-3.5 fl oz x x 1.75-3.5 12h/ 7 fl oz
(RUP) fl oz 4d
abamectin x x x F x x G 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 2-4.5 oz x 3-4.5 oz x x x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole E x G x x x x 14d 4
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A x x x x x x 4-8 oz 12h/ NA
14d
clofentezine x x x x x x E 21d 1
Assail 30SG 4A 2.5-5.3 oz 2.5-5.3 oz 2.5-5.3 oz 2.5-5.3 oz x 2.5-5.3 oz x 12h 10.6 oz
acetamiprid u G G E x E x 3d 2
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 5-6 oz x 3.5-6 oz 5-6 oz x x x 12h 12 oz
indoxacarb G x G s x x x 7d 2
Azera 0.21EC 3A 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 12h NA
azadirachtin + u u u u u u u 0d 10
pyrethrins
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4 -3.2 x x 1.6 -3.2 fl oz x x x 12h 12.8 fl oz
fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E x x G x x x 3d NA
BeetleGONE! ag 11 x x 1-17.5 lb x x x x 4h NA
B.t. galleriae x x G x x x x 0d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz 6-12 fl oz 2-4 fl oz 6-12 fl oz x x x 12h 12 fl oz
(foliar) (soil) (foliar) (soil); 2-4 fl
oz (foliar)
clothianidin F s F E x x x 0/30d 1
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 3.2-6.4 x 3.2-6.4 3.2-6.4 fl oz x x 6.4 fl oz 12h 7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
bifenthrin G x G G x x u 30d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) 3A 8-16 oz x 8-16 oz 8-16 oz x x 16 oz 12h 16 oz
(RUP)
bifenthrin G x G G x x u 30d NA
B.t. (Agree, Dipel, etc.) 11A 1-2 lb x x x 1-2 lb x x 4h NA
Bacillus thuringiensis F x x x F x x 0d NA
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x x x 2.75-5.75 x x x 12h 17 fl oz
fl oz
sulfoxaflor x x x E x x x 7d 4
(Continued)

167
Table 6-7. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects – shatter1 (continued)
Max
Product and grape red- amt5
formulation IRAC berry- grape Japanese banded rose spider REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 moth phylloxera beetle leafhopper leafroller chafer mite PHI4 app6
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-21.3 10.6-21.3 10.6-21.3 5.3-10.6 fl oz 10.6-21.3 10.6-21.3 10.6-21.3 24h 42.6 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
fenpropathrin E E E G u E G 21d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-5 oz x x x 3-5 oz x x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram E x x x E x x 3d 5
Dibrom 8E (RUP) 1B x x x 0.5-0.6 pt x x x 48h 6 pt
naled x x x u x x x 10d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-8 fl oz x x x 4-8 fl oz x x 4h 23 fl oz
spinosad G x x x G x x 3d 5
Envidor 2SC 23 x x x x x x 16-34 fl 12h 34 fl oz
oz
spirodiclofen x x x x x x E 14d 1
Imidan 70W 1B 1.3-2.1 lb x 1.3-2.1 lb 1.3-2.1 lb 1.3-2.1 lb 1.3-2.1 lb x 14d 6.5 lb
phosmet G x G G G G x 7/14d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 8-16 fl .oz x x x 8-16 fl oz x x 4h 48 fl oz
methoxyfenozide E x x x G x x 30d NA
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x x x x x 21-31 fl 12h 62 fl oz
oz
acequinocyl x x x x x x F 7d 2
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A x x x 32-36 fl oz x x 32-36 fl 12h 36 fl oz
oz
fenazaquin x x x u x x u 7d 1
Malathion 5EC 1B x x 3 pt 3 pt x x 3 pt 72h NA
malathion x x G G x x u 3d 2
Movento (2SC) 23 x 6-8 fl oz x x x x 6-8 fl oz 24h 12.5 fl oz
spirotetramat x E x x x x s 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) 3A 4 fl oz x 4 fl oz 4 fl oz x x x 12h 24 fl oz
(RUP)
zeta-cypermethrin E x E E x x x 1d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x x x x x 13.7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
cyflumetofen x x x x x x G 14d 2
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A x x x 7.5-17 fl oz x x 7.5-17 fl 12h NA
oz
pyridaben x x x G x x G 7d 2
Onager (1EC) 10A x x x x x x 12-24 oz 12h 24 oz
hexythiazox x x x x x x E 7d 1
Platinum (2SC) 4A x 8-17 fl oz 8-17 fl oz 8-17 fl oz x x x 12h 17 fl oz
thiamethoxam x G F G x x x 60d NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x x x 1-2 pt x x 2 pt 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate x x x F x x E 14d 2
(Continued)

168
Table 6-7. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects – shatter1 (continued)
Max
Product and grape red- amt5
formulation IRAC berry- grape Japanese banded rose spider REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 moth phylloxera beetle leafhopper leafroller chafer mite PHI4 app6
PQZ (1.87SC) 9B x x x 3.2 fl oz x x x 12h 4.8 fl oz
pyrifluquinazon x x x G x x x 3d 2
Pyganic 5%EC 3A x x 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 x 4.5-15.6 12h NA
fl oz fl oz fl oz
pyrethrins x x F u u x u 0d 10
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2 qt x 1-2 qt 1-2 qt 2 qt 1-2 qt x 2d/6d 10 qt
carbaryl G x E G G E x 7d 5
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x x x 7-14 fl oz x x x 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x x x G x x x 0/30d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN x x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin x x F F x F x 0 NA
Transform WG 4C x x x 1.5-2.75 oz x x x 24h 8.5 oz
sulfoxaflor x x x E x x x 7d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x x x x x 1-2.5 lb 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x x x x x F 28d 2
Venom (70SG) 4A 1-3 oz 5-7.5 oz x 1-3 oz x x x 12h 12 oz
(foliar) (soil) (foliar)
dinotefuran F s x G x x x 1/28d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 8.2-11 fl oz x 8.2-11 fl oz x 8.2-11 fl oz x x 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole E x u x u x x 7d 3
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x x x x x 2-3 oz 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x x x x x E 14d 1
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

Grape Shatter to Veraison (Berry coloring) powdery and downy mildew for the rest of the sea-
son. Therefore, fungicide protection against both
– Diseases diseases may be required throughout the growing
Notes on disease management season.
• First cover applications should follow shatter by • Pay close attention to the PHI on products that
7-10 days. Thereafter, sprays for disease control contain mancozeb or Ridomil.
can be applied every 10-14 days until veraison. If
heavy rainfall occurs, shorten the interval between Fungicide Resistance Alert
sprays. Refer to labels for application timing and • The downy and powdery mildew pathogens are
harvest restrictions. After bloom the threat of Pho- especially prone to fungicide resistance. Avoid
mopsis infection is greatly reduced. Fruit remain back-to-back applications of any one systemic
susceptible to black rot, powdery mildew, and fungicide class (i.e., FRAC 3, 7, 11, 21, 40).
downy mildew until about 4-5 weeks after bloom.
• See Fungicide Resistance Management, page 180,
It is critical to maintain a fungicide program that
for information about fungicide resistance devel-
controls all three of these diseases until about 4-5
opment in powdery and downy mildews. See
weeks after bloom. At 4-5 weeks after bloom, the
Generic Fungicides table for product(s) with the
fruit should be resistant to black rot, powdery mil-
same active ingredient, page 278.
dew, and downy mildew; however, the leaves and
rachises (cluster stems) remain susceptible to both

169
Table 6-8. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – shatter to veraison1
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar black rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 fl oz 4h 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin x E E [r] F E [r] 14d varies
Aliette WDG 33 x x 3-5 lb x x 12h NA
aluminum tris x x E x x 15d 3
Aprovia (EC) 7 8.6-10.5 fl oz 8.6-10.5 x 8.6-10.5 fl oz 8.6-10.5 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
fl oz
benzovindiflupyr i G-E x i G-E 21d 3
Captan 80 WDG M 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 48h 15 lb
captan s(G) s(F) G E i 0d NA
Cevya 3 x 4 fl oz x 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz 12h 8 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x E x G G-E 14d 2
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x 1.25-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 48 h 50 lb
copper sulfate x F F F F-i x NA
Endura (70WG) 7 x x x x 4.5 oz 12h 24 oz
boscalid x x x x E 14d varies
Fervent 475SC 3+7 x 8.5 fl oz x 8.5 fl oz 8.5 fl oz 12h 26 fl oz
isofetamid+tebuconazole x u x u E 14d NA
Flint Extra 11 x 3.5-3.8 fl oz 3.8 fl oz 3.5-3.8 fl oz 3-3.5 fl oz 12h 23 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x E s F E 14d 6
Forum 40 x x 6 oz x x 12h 24 oz
dimethomorph x x E x x 14d 4
Fracture M x x x x 20.5-24.4 fl oz 4h NA
Banda de Lupinus albus doce x x x x F 1d 5
(BLAD)
Gatten U13 x x x x 6.4 fl oz 12h 1 lb
flutianil x x x x G-E 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x x 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil E E x x G 14d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 20-22 fl oz x x x 20-22 fl oz 12h 66 fl oz
isofetamid G x x x F 14d NA
Lifegard WG M x 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4.5 oz 4h NA
Bacillus mycoides isolate J x x F x F 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x 8-8.6 fl oz x 8.6 fl oz 6-8.6 fl oz 12h/5d6 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x G x s E 14d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x 6-6.8 fl oz x x 3.2-6.8 fl oz 12h 14 fl oz
fluopyram x G x x G 7d 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 5-7.6 fl oz 7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x G s F-G E 14d 6
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 4-5.5 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin E G-E s G-E E [r] 14d 6
(Continued)

170
Table 6-8. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – shatter to veraison1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar black rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Mettle 125ME 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz x x 3-5 fl oz 12h/7d7 10 oz
tetraconazole E E x x E [r] 14d varies
Microthiol Disperss M x x x 3-10 lb 3-10 lb 24h NA
sulfur x x x F E 0d NA
Miravis Prime 7+12 9.2-13.4 fl oz 9.2-13.4 x 9.2-13.4 fl oz 9.2-13.4 fl oz 12h 37 fl oz
fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil u E x F-G G-E 14d 2
OSO 5% SC 19 x x x x 6.5-13 fl oz 4h 5 oz
polyoxin D x x x x G 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 12h/5d6 69 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid E E E [r] F E 14d varies
Procure 480SC 3 x x x x 4-8 fl oz 24h 32 fl oz
triflumizole x x x x E [r] 7d 4
ProPhyt 33 x x 2-4 pt 2-4 pt x 4h NA
potassium phosphite x x G-E G-E x 0d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
difenoconazole + azoxystrobin E E F F E 14d NA
Quintec (2.08F) 13 x x x x 4-6.6 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x x E 21d 5
Rally 40WSP 3 3-5 oz 3-5 oz x x 3-5 oz 24h 2 lb
myclobutanil E E x x E[r] 14d NA
Ranman 400SC 21 x x 2.1-2.75 x x 12h 17 fl oz
fl oz
cyazofamid x x E x x 30d 6
Reason 500SC 11 x x 2.7 fl oz x x 12h 9 fl oz
fenamidone x x G[r] x x 30d NA
Revus 40 x x 8 fl oz x x 4h 32 fl oz
mandipropamid x x E x x 14d NA
Revus Top 3+40 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 12h 28 fl oz
difenoconazole + mandipropamid E E E E E 14d NA
Ridomil Gold Copper 4+M x x 5 lb (1 pack) x x 48h 8 lb
mefenoxam + copper hydroxide x x E x x 42d 4
Ridomil Gold MZ WG 4+M x x 2.5 lb x x 48h 10 lb
mefenoxam + mancozeb x x E x x 66d 4
Sovran (50WG) 11 x 3.2-4.8 oz 4-6.4 oz 3.2-4.8 oz 3.2-4.8 oz 12h 26 oz
kresoxim-methyl x E F [r] F E [r] 14d 4
Sulforix M x x x 1-2 gal, 1 pt 1-2 gal, 1 pt 48h NA
calcium polysulfide x x x G-E i NA 8
Switch 62.5 WG 9+12 x x x x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil x x x x x 7d NA
(Continued)

171
Table 6-8. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – shatter to veraison1 (continued)
Product and formulation FRAC anthracnose downy Phomopsis powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 foliar black rot mildew blight mildew PHI4 Max app6
Tanos 11+27 x x 8 oz x x 12h 72 oz
famoxadone + cymoxanil x x G [r] x x 30d 9
Tebustar 45WSP 3 x 4 oz x x 4 oz 12h 2 lb
tebuconazole x E x x E [r] 0d NA
Topguard EQ 3+11 x 5-6 fl oz 8 fl oz 8 fl oz 5-6 fl oz 12h 34 fl oz
azoxystrobin+flutriafol x u u u E 14d 6
Topsin M WSB 1 x 0.75-1.5 lb x 0.75-1.5 lb 0.75-1.5 lb 2d 6 lb
thiophanate-methyl x F x G E 7d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x 3.4-6.8 oz 4h 7 oz
cyflufenamid x x x x E 3d 1 or 2
Vangard WG 9 x x x x 10 oz 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x x x s 7d NA
Vivando 2.5F U8 x x x x 10.3-15.4 fl oz 12h 43 fl oz
metrafenone x x x x E 14d 3
Zampro 45+40 x x 11-14 fl oz x x 12h 56 fl oz
ametoctradin + dimethomorph x x E x x 14d NA
Ziram 76DF M3 x 3-4 lb 3-4 lb 3-4 lb x 48h 28 lb
ziram x E G G x 21d NA
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

Grape Veraison to Harvest – Insects Additional insecticides (including Baythroid and

Mustang Maxx) have short pre-harvest intervals,
Notes on insect pest management and although not labeled specifically for this pest,
• Continue to monitor for insect and mite pests and have been effective in trials and vineyard use. See
apply insecticide as needed. Refer to product labels Multi-colored Asian Lady Beetle section on page 181.
for specific insects, rates, and harvest restrictions. • RESIDUE REMINDER: Wettable powder formula-
• Multi-colored Asian lady beetle: Scout vineyards tions may leave visible residues on fruit at harvest.
several days before harvest to determine the abun- • Pay close attention to the PHI on products.
dance of multi-colored Asian lady beetle.

Table 6-9. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape insect pests – veraison to harvest1
multi-
colored Max
Product and grape grape Asian spotted- amt5
formulation IRAC berry june Japanese lady spider wing stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 moth beetle beetle leafhopper beetle mite Drosophila bug PHI4 app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x 1.5-3.5 oz 1.5-3.5 oz x x x 4 oz 12h 7 oz
thiamethoxam x x G G x x x G 5d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x x 7-14 fl oz x x x x 12h 2.8/14
(soil); 1-1.4 fl oz
fl oz (foliar)
imidacloprid x x x E x x x x 0/ NA
30d
(Continued)

172
Table 6-9. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape insect pests – veraison to harvest1 (continued)
multi-
colored Max
Product and grape grape Asian spotted- amt5
formulation IRAC berry june Japanese lady spider wing stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 moth beetle beetle leafhopper beetle mite Drosophila bug PHI4 app6
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) 6 x x x 1.75-3.5 x 1.75-3.5 x x 12h/ 7 fl oz
(RUP) fl oz fl oz 4d
abamectin x x x F x G x x 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 2-4.5 oz x 3-4.5 oz x x x x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole E x G x x x x x 14d 4
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A x x x x x 4-8 oz x x 12h/ NA
14d
clofentezine x x x x x E x x 21d 1
Assail 30SG 4A 2.5-5.3 oz x 2.5-5.3 oz 2.5-5.3 oz x x x x 12h 10.6 oz
acetamiprid u x G E x x x x 3d 2
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 5-6 oz x 3.5-6 oz 5-6 oz x x x x 12h 12 oz
indoxacarb G G G s x x x x 7d 2
Azera 0.21EC 3A 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 fl oz 16-56 16-56 16-56 fl oz 16-56 12h NA
fl oz fl oz fl oz
azadirachtin + u u u u u u u u 0d 10
pyrethrins
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A 2.4-3.2 fl oz x x 1.6 -3.2 fl oz x x 2.4-3.2 fl oz x 12h 12.8 fl oz
beta-cyfluthrin E x x G x x E x 3d NA
BeetleGONE! ag 11 x x 1-17.5 lb x x x x x 4h NA
B.t. galleriae x x G x x x x x 0d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A 6 fl oz x 2-4 fl oz 6-12 fl oz(- 2-4 fl oz x x x 12h 12 fl oz
(foliar) (foliar) soil); 2-4 (foliar)
fl oz (foliar)
clothianidin F x F E E x x x 0/ 1
30d
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 3.2-6.4 fl oz x 3.2-6.4 fl oz 3.2-6.4 fl oz x 6.4 fl oz x x 12h 7 fl oz
bifenthrin G x G G x u x x 30d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) 3A 8-16 oz x 8-16 oz 8-16 oz x 16 oz x x 12h 16 oz
(RUP)
bifenthrin G x G G x u x x 30d NA
B.t. (Agree, Dipel, etc.) 11A 1-2 lb x x x x x x x 4h NA
Bacillus thuringiensis u x x x x x x x 0d NA
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x x x 2.75-5.75 x x x x 12h 17 fl oz
fl oz
sulfoxaflor x x x E x x x x 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-21.3 x 10.6-21.3 5.3-10.6 x 10.6- 10.6-21.3 10.6- 24h 42.6
fl oz fl oz fl oz 21.3 fl oz 21.3 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fenpropathrin E x E G x G E G 21d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-5 oz x x x x x x x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram E x x x x x E x 3d 5
(Continued)

173
Table 6-9. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape insect pests – veraison to harvest1 (continued)
multi-
colored Max
Product and grape grape Asian spotted- amt5
formulation IRAC berry june Japanese lady spider wing stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 moth beetle beetle leafhopper beetle mite Drosophila bug PHI4 app6
Dibrom 8E (RUP) 1B x x x 0.5-0.6 pt x x 0.5-0.6 pt x 48h 6 pt
naled x x x u x x u x 10d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-8 fl oz x x x x x x x 4h 23 fl oz
spinosad G x x x x x G x 3d 5
Envidor 2SC 23 x x x x x 16-34 x x 12h 34 fl oz
fl oz
spirodiclofen x x x x x E x x 14d 1
Imidan 70W 1B 1.3-2.1 lb x 1.3-2.1 lb 1.3-2.1 lb x x 1.3-2.1 lb x 14d 6.5 lb
phosmet G x G G x x G x 7/ NA
14d
Intrepid 2F 18 8-16 fl .oz x x x x x x x 4h 48 fl oz
methoxyfenozide E x x x x x x x 30d NA
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x x x x 21-31 x x 12h 62 fl oz
fl oz
acequinocyl x x x x x F x x 7d 2
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A x x x 32-36 fl oz x 32-36 x x 12h 36 fl oz
fl oz
fenazaquin x x x u x u x x 7d 1
Malathion 5EC 1B x x 3 pt 3 pt x 3 pt 3 pt x 72h NA
malathion x x G G x u G x 3d 2
Movento (2SC) 23 x x x x x 6-8 x x 24h 12.5
fl oz fl oz
spirotetramat x x x x x s x x 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) 3A 4 fl oz x 4 fl oz 4 fl oz 2-4 fl oz x x x 12h 24 fl oz
(RUP)
zeta-cypermethrin E x E E G x E x 1d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x x x x 13.7 x x 12h 28 fl oz
fl oz
cyflumetofen x x x x x G x x 14d 2
Nexter SC (3.75SC) 21A x x x 7.5-17 fl oz x 7.5-17 x x 12h NA
fl oz
pyridaben x x x G x G x x 7d 2
Onager (1EC) 10A x x x x x 12-24 x x 12h 24 oz
oz
hexythiazox x x x x x E x x 7d 1
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x x x 1-2 pt x 2 pt x x 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate x x x F x E x x 14d 2
PQZ (1.87SC) 9B x x x 3.2 fl oz x x x x 12h 4.8
fl oz
pyrifluquinazon x x x G x x x x 3d 2
(Continued)

174
Table 6-9. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape insect pests – veraison to harvest1 (continued)
multi-
colored Max
Product and grape grape Asian spotted- amt5
formulation IRAC berry june Japanese lady spider wing stink REI3 Max
Active ingredient code2 moth beetle beetle leafhopper beetle mite Drosophila bug PHI4 app6
Pyganic 5%EC 3A x x 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 x 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 4.5-15.6 12h NA
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
pyrethrins x x F u G u F u 0d 10
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 2 qt 2 qt 1-2 qt 1-2 qt x x x x 2d/ 10 qt
6d
carbaryl G E E G x x x x 7d 5
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x x x 7-14 fl oz x x x x 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone x x x G x x x x 0/ NA
30d
Surround WP (95WP) UN x 25-50 lb 25-50 lb 25-50 lb x x x x 4h NA
kaolin x u F F x x x x 0 NA
Transform WG 4C x x x 1.5-2.75 oz x x x x 24h 8.5 oz
sulfoxaflor x x x E x x x x 7d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x x x x 1-2.5 lb x x 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x x x x F x x 28d 2
Venom (70SG) 4A 1-3 oz x x 1-3 oz 1-3 oz x x x 12h 12 oz
(foliar) (foliar) (foliar)
dinotefuran F x x G G x x x 1/ NA
28d
Verdepryn 100SL 28 8.2-11 fl oz x 8.2-11 fl oz x x x 8.2-11 fl oz 8.2-11 fl 4h 33 fl oz
(0.83SL) oz
cyclaniliprole E x u x x x E s 7d 3
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x x x x 2-3 oz x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x x x x E x x 14d 1
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

Grape Veraison to Harvest – Diseases

Notes on disease management
• Botrytis bunch rot: See comments under Grape
Bloom for Topsin M, Rovral, Vangard, and Elevate.
See Botrytis Bunch Rot, page 179. Same as for
Grape Bloom, pages 163-166.
• Sour rot complex: Mix Oxidate or Blight Ban 506
with an insecticide (for Drosophila control). See
discussion on page 179.
• Black rot: Sprays for black rot should not be needed
at this time

175
Table 6-10. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – veraison to harvest1

Botrytis bunch

downy mildew
anthracnose

anthracnose
Max

Phomopsis
Product and amt5

powdery

bitter rot
black rot
fruit rot

mildew

ripe rot
formulation FRAC REI3 Max

blight
foliar

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6
Abound (SC) 11 x x 10-15.5 10-15.5 10-15.5 10-15.5 10-15.5 x x 4h 90 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
azoxystrobin x x E s E [r] F E [r] x x 14d varies
Aliette WDG 33 x x x x 3-5 lb x x x x 12h NA
aluminum tris x x x E x x x x x 15d 3
Captan 80 WDG M 1.25-2.5 1.25-2.5 1.25-2.5 2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 x x 48h 15 lb
lb lb lb lb
captan s(G) s(F) F G E i s(G) x x 0d NA
Cevya 3 x x 4 fl oz x x 3-4 fl oz 3-4 fl oz x x 12h 8 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole x x E x x G G-E x x 14d 2
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x x 1.25-3 lb x 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb 1.2-3 lb x x 48 h 50 lb
copper sulfate x x F x F F F-i x x x NA
Elevate 50 WDG 17 x x x 1 lb x x 1 lb x x 12h 3 lb
fenhexamid x x x E x x s x x 0d 3
Endura (70WG) 7 x x x 8 oz x x 4.5 oz x x 12h 24 oz
boscalid x x x G x x E x x 14d varies
Fervent 475SC 3+7 x x 8.5 fl oz 8.5 fl oz x 8.5 fl oz 8.5 fl oz x x 12h 26 fl oz
isofetamid+tebuconazole x x u s x u E x x 14d NA
Flint Extra 11 x x 3.5-3.8 3.8 fl oz 3.8 fl oz 3.5-3.8 3-3.5 x x 12h 23 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
trifloxystrobin x x E G s F E x x 14d 6
Forum 40 x x x x 6 oz x x x x 12h 24 oz
dimethomorph x x x x E x x x x 14d 4
Fracture M x x x 24.4- x x 20.5- x x 4h NA
36.6 24.4
fl oz fl oz
Banda de Lupinus albus x x x E x x E x x 1d 5
doce (BLAD)
Gatten U13 x x x x x x 6.4 fl oz x x 12h 1 lb
flutianil x x x x x x G-E x x 14d 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 16-20 16-20 16-20 16-20 x x 16-20 x x 12h 80 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
difenoconazole + E E E x x x G x x 14d NA
cyprodinil
Intuity (SC) 11 x x x 6 fl oz x x 6 fl oz x x 12h 18 fl
oz
mandestrobin x x x G-E x x s x x 10d 3
Kenja 400SC 7 20-22 20-22 x 20-22 x x 20-22 x 20-22 12h 66 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
isofetamid G G x F x x F x u 14d NA
(Continued)

176
Table 6-10. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – veraison to harvest1 (continued)

Botrytis bunch

downy mildew
anthracnose

anthracnose
Max

Phomopsis
Product and amt5

powdery

bitter rot
black rot
fruit rot

mildew

ripe rot
formulation FRAC REI3 Max

blight
foliar

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6
Lifegard WG M x x x x 4.5 oz x 4.5 oz x x 4h NA
Bacillus mycoides isolate J x x x x F x F x x 0d NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x x 8-8.6 8-8.6 x 8.6 fl oz 6-8.6 x x 12h/ 34 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz 5d6 oz
fluopyram + tebuconazol x x G E x s E x x 14d NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x x 6-6.8 6-6.8 x x 3.2-6.8 x x 12h 14 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
fluopyram x x G E x x G x x 7d 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x x 5-7.6 5-7.6 7.6 fl oz 5-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 x x 12h 28 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x x G G-E s F-G E x x 14d 6
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 4 to 5.5 4 to 5.5 4 to 5.5 4 to 5.5 4 to 5.5 4 to 5.5 4-5.5 x 4-5.5 12h 33 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz oz
fluxapyroxad + E G-E E s s[r] G-E E [r] x s(G) 14d 6
pyraclostrobin
Mettle 125ME 3 3-5 fl oz 3-5 fl oz 3-5 x x x 3-5 x x 12h/ 10 oz
fl oz 7d7
tetraconazole E E u x x x E [r] x x 14d varies
Microthiol Disperss M x x x x x 3-10 lb 3-10 lb x x 24h NA
sulfur x x x x F E x x x 0d NA
Miravis Prime 7+12 9.2-13.4 9.2-13.4 9.2-13.4 10.3- x 9.2-13.4 9.2-13.4 x x 12h 37 fl
fl oz fl oz fl oz 13.4 fl oz fl oz oz
fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil u E G-E F-G x G-E F-G x x 14d 2
OSO 5% SC 19 x x x 6.5-13 x x 6.5-13 x x 4h 5 oz
fl oz fl oz
polyoxin D x x x G x x G x x 0d 6
Pristine 11+7 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 8-23 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 oz 8-12.5 x x 12h/ 69 oz
oz oz 5d6
pyraclostrobin + boscalid E E G E [r] F E u x x 14d varies
Procure 480SC 3 x x x x x x 4-8 x x 24h 32 fl
fl oz oz
triflumizole x x s x x E [r] x x x 7d 4
ProPhyt 33 x x x x 2-4 pt. 2-4 pt x x x 4h NA
potassium phosphite x x x G-E G-E x x x x 0d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 12-14 12-14 12-14 12-14 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 12-14 x x 12h 56
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
difenoconazole + E E s F s[r] E G x x 14d NA
azoxystrobin
Rally 40WSP 3 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 3-5 oz x x x 3-5 oz x x 24h 2 lb
myclobutanil E E x x x E[r] x x x 14d NA
(Continued)

177
Table 6-10. Effectiveness of pesticides for control of grape diseases – veraison to harvest1 (continued)

Botrytis bunch

downy mildew
anthracnose

anthracnose
Max

Phomopsis
Product and amt5

powdery

bitter rot
black rot
fruit rot

mildew

ripe rot
formulation FRAC REI3 Max

blight
foliar

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6
Revus 40 x x x x 8 fl oz x x x x 4h 32 fl
oz
mandipropamid x x x E x x x x x 14d NA
Revus Top 3+40 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz x 7 fl oz 7 fl oz 7 fl oz x x 12h 28 fl
oz
difenoconazole + E E E x E E F x x 14d NA
mandipropamid
Scala SC 9 x x x 18 fl oz x x x x x 12h 36 fl
oz
pyrimethanil x x x G x x x x x 7d NA
Sovran (50WG) 11 x x 3.2-4.8 3.2-6.4 4-6.4 oz 3.2-4.8 oz 3.2-4.8 x x 12h 26 oz
oz oz oz
kresoxim-methyl x x s E-F [r] E-F [r] E E-F [r] x x 14d 4
Sulforix M x x x x 1-2 gal, 1-2 gal, 1 pt/ x x 48h NA
1 pt 1 pt 100 g
calcium polysulfide x x x x G-E i F-G x x 48h 8
Switch 62.5 WG 9+12 x x x 11-14 oz x x x x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil x x x G x x x x x 7d NA
Tebustar 45WSP 3 x x 4 oz x x x 4 oz x x 12h 2 lb
tebuconazole x x E x x x E [r] x x 0d NA
Topguard EQ 3+11 x x 5-6 8 fl oz 8 fl oz 8 fl oz 5-6 x x 12h 34 fl
fl oz fl oz oz
azoxystrobin+flutriafol x x u s u u E x x 14d 6
Topsin M WSB 1 x x 0.75-1.5 x x 0.75-1.5 lb 0.75-1.5 0.75- x 2d 6 lb
lb lb 1.5 lb
thiophanate-methyl x x F x x G E G x 7d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x x x 3.4-6.8 x x 4h 7 oz
oz
cyflufenamid x x x x x x E x x 3d 1 or 2
Vangard WG 9 x x x 10 oz x x 10 oz x x 12h 30 oz
cyprodinil x x x G-E x x s x x 7d NA
Vivando 2.5F U8 x x x x x x 10.3- x x 12h 43 fl
15.4 oz
fl oz
metrafenone x x x x x x E x x 14d 3
Zampro 45+40 x x x x 11-14 fl oz x x x x 12h 56 fl
oz
ametoctradin + x x x x E x x x x 14d NA
dimethomorph
E = excellent control G = good control F = fair control [r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible s = suppression only i = ineffective u = unknown efficacy x = pest not
on the label

178
Grape Post Harvest – Diseases Botrytis bunch rot
Downy mildew, powdery mildew: In some years, Botrytis bunch rot is most commonly a problem on
these diseases may cause defoliation well before the tight-clustered French hybrid and Vitis vinifera cultivars.
onset of cool weather in the fall. Post-harvest early Infections can occur near bloom, but the disease does
defoliation predisposes the vines to winter injury and not appear until veraison or during harvest. Proper
reduces productivity for the following season. It is timing and thorough spray coverage are essential for
important to maintain at least some protection against good control.
foliar infections by these fungi. Post-harvest rates for Note: Growers in Europe and Canada have reported
fungicides should be the same as pre-harvest rates. fungicide resistance due to overuse of Rovral over
Check labels for season limits on quantity of products. three to five years. Vangard and Elevate are also at
risk for fungicide resistance development. We therefore
Special Comments on Grape Schedule recommend limiting Rovral, Elevate, and Vangard
applications to three per year to reduce the probability
Disease Management of developing strains of Botrytis resistant to these ma-
terials. In addition, consider alternating applications of
Anthracnose Rovral, Elevate, and Vangard during the growing season.
Early-season applications are important to keep an- Note: Removing leaves around clusters on mid- or
thracnose from spreading to new tissues. As leaves low- wire cordon-trained vines before bunch closing
and canes mature (fully expanded), they become resis- has been shown to reduce Botrytis-caused losses.
tant to infection; however, new leaves and succulent
cane tips are susceptible throughout the season, and Grape sour rot
berries remain susceptible until veraison.
Sour rot occurs late in the season near harvest on
Foliar fungicides probably do not provide satisfactory berries damaged from bird pecks, rain cracking, and
anthracnose control unless you use them in conjunc- insects. The most obvious sour rot symptom is a
tion with a delayed-dormant Sulforix application. pre-harvest decay accompanied by a vinegar smell;
that is, acetic acid, or what winemakers call volatile
Grape bitter rot acidity. The berries usually turn a tan color, soften, and
Unlike black rot, which does not infect berries late in eventually break down and disintegrate. The decayed
the season, bitter rot attacks only mature berries. Both berries seldom have any noticeable fungal growth or
diseases result in black, shriveled (mummified) fruit, fruiting bodies on the surface like you would see with
and some growers have mistaken bitter rot for black Phomopsis, Botrytis, or black rot.
rot. A rule of thumb is that if a rot develops on mature A combination of yeasts and bacteria in a step-wise
berries (8 percent or greater sugar), it more likely to be process cause sour rot. Yeasts convert the fruit sugar
bitter rot than black rot. to ethanol, and then the bacteria convert the ethanol
If bitter rot is a problem, pre-harvest applications of to acetic acid. The yeasts involved include the good
captan may be beneficial. Observe all pre-harvest Saccharomyces types as well as various wild types.
restrictions. The bacteria are mostly species of Acetobacter and
Gluconobacter.
Grape ripe rot Both yeasts and bacteria require some type of physical
injury or wound to infect the berries, so bird pecks,
Ripe rot attacks mature berries, resulting in shriveled
rain cracking, compression in tight clusters, and so on
berries with a vinegar odor or bitter taste. Infected
are all involved in the process. While filamentous fungi
berries become covered in blister-like lesions (acervuli)
(such as Botrytis) may be associated with the rotting
covered in salmon-colored spore masses. Minnesota
berries, they don’t appear to be the cause. Thus, tradi-
varieties Frontenac and Marquette are extremely sus-
tional fungicides do not control sour rot.
ceptible to ripe rot.
Evidence shows that sour rot does not become a
The systemic FRAC 11 fungicides (Abound, Sovran,
problem until berries reach about 15 Brix. Temperature
Flint, and products that contain a FRAC 11 fungicide
dramatically affects the rate of development — rot
such as Pristine, Merivon, Luna Sensation and Quadris
develops most rapidly at high temperatures. Fruit flies
Top) are effective against ripe rot. Captan may also be
of the genus Drosophila also have been shown to be
effective. Observe all pre-harvest restrictions.
a key component of the disease cycle. They somehow
facilitate the conversion of ethanol to acetic acid by
bacteria.

179
Growers can minimize the risk of sour rot by minimiz- production systems has largely been replaced with
ing berry injury from birds, insects, and other sources. conventional fungicides that are generally safer to
Another strategy is to provide an open canopy micro- plant tissues and often more effective.
climate that is not conducive to disease development. Several terms are used when discussing copper as a
Thinning and positioning shoots, removing leaves, fungicide. The original material used was called copper
managing nutrients, and using a training system can sulfate (also known as blue vitriol or bluestone). When
all play a role. this material was combined with lime in the French
The most effective sour rot control is to minimize the vineyards, the combination became known as Bordeaux
populations of yeasts, bacteria, and fruit flies. mixture.
Research in New York has shown best results came
from applying both an insecticide to control fruit flies Bordeaux mixture
and an antimicrobial to reduce the pathogen population Bordeaux mixture is a mixture of copper sulfate and
starting at 15 Brix. Oxidate (hydrogen dioxide and per- hydrated lime in water. It has long residual action and
oxyetic acid) and Fracture [a naturally occurring seed has been used for years to control many diseases, in-
protein from lupines, Banda de Lupinus albus doce cluding downy mildew and powdery mildew of grape.
(BLAD)] are effective antimicrobials. Both are labeled It can be mixed on-site. It is also available as a dry
for grapes and have short PHIs: 0 days and 1 day, re- wettable powder.
spectively. Mustang Maxx, Delegate, and malathion are
effective insecticides against fruit flies and also have
relatively short PHIs (1, 7, and 3 days, respectively).
Fixed copper fungicides
Fixed copper formulations release copper ions more
Fungicide resistance management slowly and generally injure plant tissues less (safer to
use) than Bordeaux mixture. But fixed copper use is
A spray program should be thoughtfully developed to still limited because of their potential to injure plants
prevent and slow the evolution of fungicide-resistant and lack of compatibility with other pesticides.
pathogens in the berry patch. Fungicides that have a
site-specific mode of action are classified as medium Some of the more common commercial formulations
to high risk for fungicide resistance development. of fixed copper include:
Fungicides with Fungicide Resistance Action Commit- Basic copper sulfate: Griffin Basicop, Basic Copper
tee (FRAC) codes or numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, and 49, “53,” Micro Flo Cuproxat, Tennessee Brand Tri-Basic
are medium to high-risk fungicides. No more than two Copper Sulfate, Tenn-Cop 5E, and Cuprofix Ultra 40DF.
sequential applications of a high- risk fungicide should Copper (Cupric) hydroxide: Agtrol Champion WP,
be applied before alternating to a fungicide with a Agtrol Champ flowable, Agtrol Champ 2F, Kocide 101,
different mode of action. Do not overuse fungicides Kocide 3000DF, Kocide 2000D, Microflo BlueShield
— high-risk fungicides have restrictions on how often WP, and Microflo BlueShield DF.
they can be applied — and apply only at the recom-
mended manufacturer rates. It is unlawful to apply Recommendations for copper fungicide use on
fungicides in a manner inconsistent with the product
label.
grapes
Copper fungicides are highly effective against downy
mildew and are moderately effective against powdery
Copper fungicides for grape disease control mildew. Copper fungicides are weak for controlling
When different formulations of copper are dissolved black rot, Botrytis bunch rot and Phomopsis blight.
in water, copper ions are released into solution. These
To reduce the risk of phytotoxicity when using copper:
copper ions are toxic to fungi and bacteria because of
their ability to denature proteins. However, using cop- 1. Do not make a complete season-long spray program
per fungicides carries the risk of injuring foliage and with only copper fungicides.
fruit of most crops. 2. Use fungicides other than copper whenever
Factors promoting copper injury include: possible.
1. The amount of actual copper applied. 3. Delay copper use as late into the growing season
as possible.
2. Cold, wet weather (slow drying conditions) that
apparently increases the availability of copper ions 4. Avoid the use of copper sulfate alone. Always use a
and, thus, increases the risk of plant injury. “fixed” copper formulation.
Because of the potential to injure pants and to ac- 5. Use the full recommended rate of lime. Never
cumulate in soil, copper fungicides in conventional eliminate lime use completely, unless the pesticide
label indicates such.
180
6. Remember that cool, wet weather enhances the Multi-colored Asian lady beetle
risk of copper injury. Be especially certain to use
adequate lime levels during such periods or switch The multi-colored Asian lady beetle (MALB), a late-
to other fungicides. season vineyard inhabitant, can significantly reduce
wine quality. These beetles are attracted to ripening
7. Some products are incompatible with copper. Do grapes as a source of sugars in late summer and
not mix copper products with anything that will fall. They may congregate, often by the hundreds or
acidify the spray mixture (such as phosphorus acid thousands, in and among grape clusters from August
fungicides). through October.
8. Avoid copper and lime sprays on fruit destined for Although they may cause direct yield loss, they more
fresh market. often reduce wine quality when sufficient numbers
become trapped in the harvested grapes and are
Note on insecticide resistance management crushed along with them at the winery. When stressed,
Insects have been known to develop resistance to MALB secretes a defense chemical that causes wine
insecticides after repeated exposure. For insecticide to smell “dirty,” (a musty, damp odor), masking the
resistance management, avoid successive applications flavors and smells of the grapes.
of insecticides in the same group or type of chemistry. As few as two MALB per lug of grapes can alter wine
The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee codes flavor and bouquet enough to be detected. Excessive
(IRAC codes) listed in each management section iden- numbers of MALB in grape clusters are most common
tify the various insecticide mode of action group. Ro- in late-ripening varieties such as Cabernet Franc, Cab-
tating to insecticides with a different IRAC code should ernet Sauvignon, Chambourcin, Riesling, Vidal, and
help avoid development of insecticide resistance. Vignoles, but earlier grapes that are prone to cracking
can also be infested.
Insect Management Scout vineyards several days before harvest to deter-
mine the abundance of MALB. Belay 2.13SC, Venom
Spotted-wing Drosophila 70SG, and Scorpion 35S are labeled specifically for
Spotted-wing Drosophila (SWD) is a serious invasive control of this insect in grapes. Additional insecticides
pest that attacks small fruit crops, some stone fruits (including Baythroid and Mustang Maxx) have short
(cherry, nectarine, peach), high tunnel tomatoes, and pre-harvest intervals and, although not labeled specif-
wild hosts (including pokeweed, autumn olive, crabap- ically against MALB, have been effective in trials and
ple, nightshade, Amur honeysuckle, and wild grape). vineyard use.
SWD is different than other fruit flies; the female has
a stout, toothed ovipositor (egg layer) that enables Grape root borer
her to lay eggs under the skin of ripening fruits that
This insect can be a serious pest in southern parts
are otherwise healthy and sound. Soft-skinned fruit
of our region. There are no insecticides currently
generally become vulnerable to attack as they begin
labeled for use against this pest in grapes, but it can
to soften and turn color during ripening, usually in the
be managed with the biocontrol tactic of nematodes.
final 7 to 10 days before harvest. The larvae tunnel and
Research on the behavioral tactic of pheromone mat-
feed under the skin of the fruit and can reach 4 milli-
ing disruption has looked promising, but no mating
meters long. There is often a sunken area at the site
disruption product is currently registered for control of
where the eggs are laid, and damaged fruit may appear
this pest on grapes.
to collapse from the internal damage and rots.
SWD is able to complete its life cycle in just more than Spotted lanternfly
a week when temperatures are optimal, and there may
be 10 or more generations per year. Growers need to The spotted lanternfly is an invasive planthopper that
monitor plantings for SWD in the final weeks before is currently spreading throughout the Midwest. This
harvest. Traps for monitoring and detecting SWD are insect feeds on plant sap causing wilting, dieback, and
available. More information about SWD is available even death.
from Michigan State University Integrated Pest Man- Currently, spotted lanternfly is believed to pose the
agement: https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/Invasive_ greatest threat to the blueberry, grape, hops, stone
species/spotted_wing_drosophila/index fruit, and hardwood industries. Know how to identify
Look for additional state labels that may allow for this pest and remain vigilant for its appearance in your
changes to rates and allowable number of applications vineyard and orchard systems.
of various insecticides. When applying insecticides
during the harvest period, carefully watch the pre-
harvest intervals for the products you choose to apply.
181
Wasps in fruit plantings Wasps are generally attracted to the juice and soft
fruit. Sanitation is key to preventing or at least reduc-
Almost anywhere fruit is produced, wasps can be- ing problems with wasps. Pick all ripe fruit and fruit
come a nuisance or, in some cases, a severe pest to debris regularly and thoroughly. Also remove any item
field workers. Unfortunately, little help is available for that has food value (e.g., soft drinks, lunches, etc.) that
controlling wasps. pickers may bring in.

Table 6-12. Relative Disease Susceptibility and Chemical Sensitivity Among Grape Cultivars
The relative ratings in this chart apply to an average growing season under conditions usually favorable for
disease development. Any given cultivar may be more or less severely affected depending on conditions.
Susceptible or Sensitive to1

powdery mildew
downy mildew

Cultivar

anthracnose
Phomopsis

crown gall

dicamba4
black rot

Botrytis

copper3
Eutypa

sulfur2

2,4-D4
Arandell + + + + ++ ? ? + ? ? ++ ?
Aromella + +++ + + ++ ? ? + ? ? +++ +++
Aurore +++ ++ ++ +++ + +++ ++ + No ++ ? ?
Baco Noir +++ + ++ ++ + ++ +++ + No ? ? ?
Brianna ? + ? + ? ? ? ? Yes +++ ++ +
Cabernet Franc +++ +++ +++ + ? ? +++ ++ No ? + +++
Cabernet Sauvignon +++ +++ +++ + +++ +++ +++ ? No + + ?
Catawba +++ +++ ++ + +++ + + ++ No ++ ++ ++
Cayuga White + ++ + + ++ + ++ +++ No + + +++
Chambourcin +++ + +++ ++ + ? ++ + Yes ? +++ ++
Chancellor + +++ +++ + +++ + +++ ++ Yes +++ ++ ?
Chardonel ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ + No ? ++ +++
Chardonnay ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ No + ++ +++
Concord +++ + ++ + +++ +++ + + Yes + +++ ++
Corot noir + +++ + + ++ + + + No ? ++ +++
Cynthiana/Norton + ++ + + + ? + + Yes ? +++ +++
DeChaunac + ++ ++ + +++ +++ ++ ++ Yes + + ++
Delaware ++ +++5 ++ + +++ + + ++ No + +++ ?
Edelweiss ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ++ ?
Faith + + + + + + + + ? ? + ?
Foch ++ + ++ + + +++ + ++ Yes ++ +++ +++
Fredonia ++ +++ ++ + +++ ? + +++ No ? ++ ++
Frontenac +++ + ++ ++ + ? ? +++ No ++ + +++
Frontenac Gris ++ + ++ ++ + ? ? ++ No ++ + +
Geneva Red + ++ ++ ++ + + + + No ? + +++
Gewürztraminer +++ +++ +++ +++ ? ? +++ +++ No + ? ?
Gratitude + + + + + + +++ + ? ? + ?
Hope + + + + + + + + ? ? + ?
Joy + + + + + + + + ? ? + ?
Jupiter ++ +++ +++ + + ? ? + ? ? + ++
LaCrescent ++ +++ ++ + +++ + + + No ? +++ +++
LaCrosse +++ ++ ++ +++ ++ ? ? + No ++ +++ +++
(Continued)

182
Table 6-12. Relative disease susceptibility and chemical sensitivity among grape cultivars (continued)
Susceptible or Sensitive to1

powdery mildew
downy mildew
Cultivar

anthracnose
Phomopsis

crown gall

dicamba4
black rot

Botrytis

copper3
Eutypa

sulfur2

2,4-D4
Lemberger +++ +++ +++ + ? +++ +++ ? No ? ++ ?
Leon Millot + ++ +++ + + + ? + Yes ++ + ?
Marquette ++ + + +++ +++ ? + +++ No ++ +++ +
Marquis + +++ + + +++ ? ? +++ ? ? + ?
Mars + + + + + ? + ++ ? ? + +
Merlot ++ +++ +++ ++ + +++ +++ ++ No ++ ? ?
Moore’s Diamond +++ + +++ ++ ? ++ ? ? No ? ? ?
Niagara +++ +++ ++ + +++ + ++ ++ No + +++ ++
Noiret +++ ++ ++ + + ? ++ + No ? ++ +++
Petite Pearl +++ + + + + ? + + ? ? + ?
Pinot gris +++ +++ +++ ++ ? +++ +++ ? No ? ? ?
Pinot noir +++ +++ +++ +++ ? ? +++ ? No + ? ?
Reliance +++ +++ ++ + ++ ? ? +++ No + + ?
Riesling +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ +++ ? No + + ++
St. Croix ? ++ ++ ++ +++ ? ? + No ++ ++ ?
Seyval ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ + ++ + No + ++ +++
Steuben ++ + + + + ? + +++ No ? + ++
Sunbelt + ++ ++ + + ? ? + ? ? +++ ++
Thompcord + +++ + + + ? + + ? ? + +
Traminette + ++ + + +++ ? ++ + No ? ++ ++
Valvin Muscat ++ + ++ + + ? + ? No ? +++ +
Vanessa +++ ++ ++ + + ? + ? ? ? + ?
Vidal blanc + ++ +++ + + + ++ +++ No ? ++ +++
Vignoles + ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ No ? + +++
1
+ = slightly susceptible or sensitive. ++ = moderately susceptible or sensitive. +++ = highly susceptible or sensitive. No = not sensitive. Yes = sensitive. ? = relative
susceptibility or sensitivity not established.
2
Slight to moderate sulfur injury may occur even on tolerant cultivars when temperatures are 85°F or higher during, or immediately following, the application.
3
Copper applied under cool, slow-drying conditions is likely to cause injury.
4
Herbicide sensitivity ratings based on observation and simulated drift studies in Indiana.
5
Berries not susceptible.

183
Table 6-13. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of grape diseases1

Max

Anthracnose

Phomopsis
amt5

bunch rot

Bitter rot
Black rot

Powdery
Botrytis

Ripe rot
FRAC

fruit rot
PHI3 Max

mildew

mildew
Downy
Product and formulation

blight
Code2 REI4 app6
Active Ingredient
Abound (SC) 11 x E s E [r] F E [r] x x 14d 90 fl oz
azoxystrobin 4h varies
Aliette WDG 33 x x x E x x x x 15d NA
fosetyl-AL 12h 3
Aprovia (EC) 7 i G-E x x i G-E x x 21d 31.5 fl oz
benzovindiflupyr 12h 3
Captan 80 WDG M G F F G E i G G 0d 12 lb
captan 48h NA
Cevya 3 x E x x G G-E x x 14d 8 fl oz
mefentrifluconazole 12h 2
Cuprofix Ultra 40D M x F x F F F-i x x 0d NA
copper sulfate 12h NA
Elevate 50 WDG 17 x x E x x s x x 0d 3 lb
fenhexamid 12h 3
Endura (70WG) 7 x x G x x E x x 14d 24 oz
boscalid 12h varies
Fervent 475SC 3+7 x x s x x E x x 14d 25.5 fl oz
isofetamid+tebuconazole 12h NA
Flint Extra 11 x E G s F E x x 14d 23 fl oz
trifloxystrobin 12h 6
Forum 40 x x x E x x x x 14d 24 oz
dimethomorph 12h 4
Fracture M x x E x x E x x 1d NA
Banda de Lupinus albus doce 4h 5
(BLAD)
Gatten U13 x x x x x G-E x x 14d 0.8 lb
futianil 12h 4
Inspire Super (EW) 3+9 E E E x x G x x 14d 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprinil 12h NA
Intuity (SC) 11 x x G-E x x s x x 10d 18 fl oz
mandestrobin 12h 3
Kenja 400SC 7 G x F x x F x x 14d 66 fl oz
isofetamid 12h NA
Lifegard WG x x x F x F x x 0d NA
Bacillus mycoides isolate J 4h NA
Luna Experience (SC) 7+3 x G E x s E x x 14d 34 fl oz
fluopyram + tebuconazole 12h/5d7 NA
Luna Privilege (SC) 7 x G E x x G x x 7d 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram 12h 2
(Continued)
184
Table 6-13. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of grape diseases1 (continued)

Max

Anthracnose

Phomopsis
amt5

bunch rot

Bitter rot
Black rot

Powdery
Botrytis

Ripe rot
FRAC

fruit rot
PHI3 Max

mildew

mildew
Downy
Product and formulation

blight
Code2 REI4 app6
Active Ingredient
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x G G-E s F-G E x x 14d 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin 12h 6
Merivon (2.09SC) 7+11 E G-E s s G-E E [r] x G 14d 33 fl oz
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin 12h 6
Mettle 125ME 3 E E x x x E [r] x x 14d 10 oz
tetraconazole 12h/7d8 Varies
Microthiol Disperss M x x x x F E x x 0d NA
sulfur 24h NA
Miravis Prime 7+12 u E G-E x F-G G-E x x 14d 36.5 fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil 12h 2
OSO 5% SC 19 x x G x x G x x 0d 4.2 oz
polyoxin D 4h 6
Pristine 11+7 E E G E [r] F E u i 14d 69 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid 12h/5d7 varies
Procure 480SC 3 x x s x x E [r] x x 7d 32 fl oz
triflumizole 24h 4
Prophyt 33 x x x G-E G-E x x x 0d NA
phosphorous acid 4h NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 E E s F F E x x 14d 56 fl oz
difenoconazole + azoxystrobin 12h NA
Quintec (2.08F) 13 x x x x x E x x 21d 33 fl oz
quinoxyfen 12h 5
Rally 40WSP 3 E E x x x E[r] x x 14d 1.5 lb
myclobutanil 24h NA
Ranman 400SC 21 x x x E x x x x 30d 16.5 fl oz
cyazofamid 12h 6
Reason 500SC 11 x x x G[r] x x x x 30d 8.1 fl oz
fenamidone 12h NA
Revus 40 x x x E x x x x 14d 32 fl oz
mandipropamid 4h NA
Revus Top 3+40 E E x E E E x x 14d 28 fl oz
difenoconazole + mandipropamid 12h NA
Ridomil Gold Copper 4+M x x x E x x x x 42d 8 lb
mefenoxam + copper 48h 4
Ridomil Gold MZ WG 4+M x x x E x x x x 66d 10 lb
mefenoxam + mancozeb 48h 4
Roper DF Rainshield M x E i E E x x x 66d 24 lb
mancozeb 24h 6
(Continued)

185
Table 6-13. Effectiveness of fungicides for control of grape diseases1 (continued)

Max

Anthracnose

Phomopsis
amt5

bunch rot

Bitter rot
Black rot

Powdery
Botrytis

Ripe rot
FRAC

fruit rot
PHI3 Max

mildew

mildew
Downy
Product and formulation

blight
Code2 REI4 app6
Active Ingredient
Rovral 4 F 2 x x G x x x x x 7d 2 or 8
pts
iprodione 48h 1 or 4
Scala SC 9 x x G x x x x x 7d 36 fl oz
pyrimethanil 12h NA
Sovran (50WG) 11 x E s F [r] F E [r] x x 14d 25.6 oz
kresoxim-methyl 12h 4
Sulfurix M x x x x G-E i x x NA NA
calcium polysulfide 48h 8
Switch 62.5 WG 9+12 x x G x x x x x 7d 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil 12h NA
Tanos 11+27 x x x G [r] x x x x 30d 72 oz
famoxadone + cymoxanil 12h 9
Tebustar 45WSP 3 x E x x x E [r] x x 0d 2 lb
tebuconazole 12h NA
Topguard EQ 3+11 x u s u u E x x 14d 34 fl oz
azoxystrobin + flutriafol 12h 6
Topsin M WSB 1 x F G[r] x G E G x 7d 6 lb
thiophanate 2d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x x E x x 3d 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid 4h 1 or 2
Vangard WG 9 x x G-E x x s x x 7d 30 oz
cyprodinil 12h NA
Vivando 2.5F U8 x x x x x E x x 14d 42.6 fl oz
metrafenone 12h 3
Zampro 45+40 x x x E x x x x 14d 56 fl oz
ametoctradin + dimethomorph 12h NA
Ziram 76DF M x E s G G x x F 21d 28 lb
ziram 48h NA
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited.
Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.
7
The REI is 5 days for treated wine grapes when conducting cane tying, turning, or girdling on wine grape. The REI is 12 hours for all other activities in wine grapes.
8
The REI is 7 days for treated table grape activities of cane tying, turning, or girdling. The REI is 12 hours for all other activities in wine grapes

186
Table 6-14. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects1
Major Insect Pests Minor Insect Pests

eight-spotted forester

grape cane gallmaker

redbanded leafroller
climbing cutworms
multicolored Asian

grape cane girdler,

green june beetle
grape berry moth
grape flea beetle
grape phylloxera
grape root borer

Japanese beetle
Drosophila flies

spider mites
leafhoppers
rose chafer
lady beetle

stink bugs
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x x x x x x x G x x x G x x G 12h 7 oz
thiamethoxam 5d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x x G x x G x F x x x E x x G 12h 2.8-14 fl oz
imidacloprid 0-30d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 x x x x x x x x x x x x F x G x 12h 7 fl oz
abamectin 28d 2
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x E x x x x x x G G x x x x x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole 14d 4
Apollo SC (1SC) 10A x x x x x x x x x x x x x x E x 12h NA
clofentezine 21d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x u x G x G x E G x x u E x x x 12h 10.6 oz
acetamiprid 3d 2
Avaunt (30WDG) 22 x G x x x G x x G x x x x x x x 12h 12 oz
indoxacarb 7d 2
Azera 0.21EC 3A u u u u x u u u u u x u u u u u 12h NA
azadirachtin + pyrethrins 0d 10
Baythroid XL (1EC) (RUP) 3A E E G x x x x x x E x G G x x x 12h 12.8 fl oz
cyfluthrin 3d NA
BeetleGONE! ag 11 x x x x x x x x G x x x x x x x 4h NA
B.t. galleriae 0d NA
Belay (2.13SC) 4A x F x G x x E x F x x x E x x x 12h 12 oz
clothianidin 0-30d 1
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A x G G x x x x x G G x x G x x G 12h 6.4 fl oz
bifenthrin 30d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A x u x x x x x x u u x x u x u G 12h 16 oz
bifenthrin 30d NA
B.t. (Agree, Dipel, etc.) 11A x u x x x x x x x F x x x u x x NA NA
Bacillus thuringiensis NA NA
Closer SC (2SC) 4C x x x x x x x x x x x x E x x u 12h 17 fl oz
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A E E E E x x x E E G x u G u G G 24h 42.7 fl oz
fenpropathrin 21d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 E E x x x x x x x G x x x E x x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram 7d 5
(Continued)

187
Table 6-14. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects (continued)
Major Insect Pests Minor Insect Pests

eight-spotted forester

grape cane gallmaker

redbanded leafroller
climbing cutworms
multicolored Asian

grape cane girdler,

green june beetle
grape berry moth
grape flea beetle
grape phylloxera
grape root borer

Japanese beetle
Drosophila flies

spider mites
leafhoppers
rose chafer
lady beetle

stink bugs
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 PHI4 Max app6
Dibrom 8E (RUP) 1B u x x x x x x x x x x x u x x x 48h 5.6 lb
naled 10d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 G G x x x x x x x G x x x G x x 4h 23-29 fl oz
spinosad 7d 5
Envidor 2SC 23 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x E x 12h 34 fl oz
spirodiclofen 14d 1
Imidan 70W 1B G G F x x G x G G x x u G G x x 14d 4.55 lb
phosmet 7-14d NA
Intrepid 2F 18 x E x x x x x x x x x x x G x x 4h 48 fl oz
methoxyfenozide 30d NA
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x x x x x x x x x x x x x F x 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl 7d 2
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A x x x x x x x x x x x x u x u x 12h 36 fl oz
fenazaquin 7d 1
Malathion 5EC 1B G F x u x F x x G x x x G x u x 24-72h 3.75 pt
malathion 3d 2
Movento (2SC) 23 x x x E x x x x x x x x x x s x 24h 12.5 fl oz
spirotetramat 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A E E G x x x G x E E x x E x x x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin 1d NA
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x G x 12h 27.4 fl oz
cyflumetafen 14d 2
Nexter (75WP), SC (3.75SC) 21A x x x x x x x x x x x x G x G x 12h 21.3-34 oz
pyridaben 7d 2
Onager (1EC) 10A x x x x x x x x x x x x x x E x 12h 24 oz
hexythiazox 7d 1
Platinum (2SC), 75SG 4A x x x G x x x x F x x x G x x x 12h 17 fl oz
thiamethoxam 60d NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21 x x x x x x x x x x x x F x E x 12h 2 pt
fenpyroximate 14d 2
PQZ (1.87SC) 9B x x x x x x x x x x x x G x x x 12h 4.8 fl oz
pyrifluquinazon 3d 2
Pyganic 5%EC 3A F F F u x x G x F x x x u u u u 12h 15.6 fl oz
pyrethrins 0d 10
(Continued)

188
Table 6-14. Effectiveness of insecticides for control of grape insects (continued)
Major Insect Pests Minor Insect Pests

eight-spotted forester

grape cane gallmaker

redbanded leafroller
climbing cutworms
multicolored Asian

grape cane girdler,

green june beetle
grape berry moth
grape flea beetle
grape phylloxera
grape root borer

Japanese beetle
Drosophila flies

spider mites
leafhoppers
rose chafer
lady beetle

stink bugs
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 PHI4 Max app6
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A F G E x x E E E E E E x G G x x 2d/6d 10 qt
carbaryl 7d 5
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D x x x x x x x x x x x x G x x x 4-48h 28 fl oz
flupyradifonone 0-30d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN x x x x x u x F F x x x F x x u 4h NA
kaolin 0 NA
Transform 4C x x x x x x x x x x x x E x x x 24h 8.5 oz
sulfoxaflor 7d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x x x x x x x x x x x x x F x 48h 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide (hexakis) 28d 2
Venom (70SG) 4A x F x s x x G x x x x x G x x x 12h 12 oz
dinotefuran 1-28d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 E E x x x x x x u u x x x u x s 4h 27 fl oz
cyclaniliprole 7d 3
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x x x x x x x x x x x x x E x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole 14d 1
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state.
E= excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not
on the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

189
 7. BLUEBERRY
Blueberry Spray Schedule Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of
product per season AND maximum number of appli-
Entomology Lead: C. Welty cations.
Pathology Lead: N. Gauthier and J. Beckerman
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/
How to read the spray schedule tables acre/year.
Every blueberry growth stage has important notes on
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of
disease or insect management. In some cases, the applications per year.
reader will be directed to the special problems section
at the end of the section or chapter. Please make sure
to read thoroughly and contact your state Extension
Blueberry Delayed Dormant – Diseases
specialist with any specific questions. Apply after buds begin to break.
• Orondis Gold and Ridomil Gold SL are labeled
Key to tables for control of Phytophthora root rot of high bush
E = excellent control blueberries; Ridomil Gold is labeled for highbush
G = good control and low bush blueberry types. Apply to established
F = fair control plantings before the plants start growth in the
[r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible spring. Apply to new plantings at time of planting.
s = suppression only • Sulforix should not be applied within 14 days of an
i = ineffective oil spray.
u = unknown efficacy – Orondis Gold contains mefenoxam (FRAC 4),
x = pest not on the label the active ingredient of Ridomil Gold (FRAC 4).
Use only one of these products for control of
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials Phytophthora and alternate with a FRAC 33.
conducted across various regions and does not neces-
• Ziram 76DF should be applied at loose bud and
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over
again 7 days later for Phomopsis cane blight.
time. Growers should contact their Extension special-
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information.
The information on this publication is only a guide; the
authors and their institutions assume no liability for
practices implemented based on this information. Al-
ways read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the
law. Product registration may vary by state.
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the
fungicide/insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the
number of days before harvest that the product may
not be applied.
4
All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-
Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the
time immediately after a pesticide application when
entry into the treated area is limited. Check labels for
REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain
pesticides during harvest.

190
Table 7-1. Dormant to delayed dormant fungicide applications1
Product and formulation Phomopsis cane Phytophthora root REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 blight rot PHI4 Max app6
Aliette WDG 33 5 lb 0.5 lb 12h 20 lb
aluminum tris s G 0.5d 4
Orondis Gold 49+4 x 20-55 oz 48 h 110 fl oz
oxathiapipralin+ mefenoxam x E 1d 2
ProPhyt 33 x 4 pt 4h NA
potassium phosphite x G 0d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x 3.6 pt 48h 7.2 pt
mefenoxam x E 0d NA
Sulforix M 1-2 gal/100 gal x 48h 8 gal
calcium polysulfide u x NA 4
Ziram 76DF M3 3 lb x 48h NA
ziram G x 30d NA

Blueberry Green Tip – Diseases shoots to Botryosphaeria infection. A spray within

24 hours of a frost event may improve efficacy of
• Apply when leaf buds swell and are showing 1/16- fungicides used.
1/4 inch green tip.
• Tank mixes that include captan or Bravo with oils or
• For control of mummy berry: Scout for fallen EC formulated pesticides can cause phytotoxicity.
mummies producing tiny, trumpet-like “mush-
rooms,” particularly in wet areas. “Mushrooms” • The second application of Ridomil may be applied
produce spores for 1-4 weeks, with the longer during periods of high disease pressure and wet
durations occurring under cooler conditions. conditions.
• Freezing temperatures may result in injury and
increase the susceptibility of young leaves and

Table 7-2. Green tip fungicide application1

Product and formulation Botryosphaeria mummy Phomopsis REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 canker berry cane blight PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 4h 46 fl oz
azoxystrobin u F F 0d NA
Aliette WDG 33 x 5 lb 0.5 lb 12h 20 lb
aluminum tris x s G 0.5d 4
Bravo Weather Stik M3 x 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 12h 12 pt
chlorothalonil x E s 42d NA
Captan 80WG M5 x 1.25-3 lb 1.25-3 lb 48h 43.75 lb
captan x s[E] F 0d NA
Fontelis 7 x 2.5-3 fl oz x 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x E x 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
fenbuconazole x E G 30d 4
Inspire Super 3+9 x 16-20 fl oz x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x E x 7d NA
(Continued)

191
Table 7-2. Green tip fungicide application1 (continued)
Product and formulation Botryosphaeria mummy Phomopsis REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 canker berry cane blight PHI4 Max app6
Kocide 3000 M x 1.75 lb-3.5 lb 1.75 lb-3.5 lb 48h 28 lb
copper hydroxide x F s 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 4.8-6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7
fluopyram x E U 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x 13.6-27 fl oz 27 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x E-G s 0d NA
Merivon 7+11 x 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + fluxopyroxad x G G 0 3
Miravis Prime 7+12 x 9-13.4 fl oz 9-13.4 fl oz 12h 26.8 fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil x G G 0d NA
Omega 500F 29 x 20 fl oz 20 fl oz 12h 120 fl oz
fluazinam x F u 30d NA
Orondis Gold 49+4 x x 20-55 oz 48h 110 fl oz
oxathiapipralin+ mefenoxam x x E 1d 2
Pristine (38WG) 11+7 x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 24h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid x F G 0d 4
ProPhyt 33 x x 4 pt 4h NA
potassium phosphite x x G 0d NA
Quadris Top 11+3 x 12-14 fl oz 2-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole x G s 7d 4
Quash SC 3 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 12h 7.5 oz
metconazole u E E 7d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole u F G 30d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x x 3.6 pt 48h 7.2 pt
mefenoxam x x E 0d NA
Sulforix M 1-2 gal/100 gal x 1-2 gal/100 gal 48h 8 gal
calcium polysulfide u x G NA 4
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 x 11-14 oz 11-14 oz 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil x F F 0d NA
Tilt 3 x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x G-F G 30d 5
Ziram 76DF M3 x 3 lb 3 lb 48h NA
ziram x G G 30d NA

192
Blueberry Pink Bud Stage through Petal • Mummy berry management: Pre-bloom fungicide
sprays should begin at green tip and continue
Fall – Diseases sprays until all blooms have fallen.
Make applications as needed when flower petals show • For early harvest berries: Be aware of the prehar-
pink, at 25% bloom, and every 7-10 days when blooms vest intervals (PHI) of Bravo, Indar2F, Quilt. Tilt,
are open through petal fall. Ziram and generic counterparts.

Table 7-3. Fungicide applications from pink bud through petal fall1
anthrac- Botryos-
Product and formulation FRAC Alternaria nose fruit phaeria Botrytis mummy Phomopsis REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 fruit rot rot canker blight berry cane blight PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl 6-15.5 fl 6-15.5 fl 6-15.5 fl oz 4h 46 fl oz
oz oz oz
azoxystrobin G G-E u s (P) F F 0d see label
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3-4 pt 3-4 pt x 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 12h 12 pt
chlorothalonil u s[G] x s E s 42d NA
Captan 80WG M5 1.25-3 lb 1.25-3 lb x 1.25-3 lb 1.25-3 lb 1.25-3 lb 48h 43.75 lb
captan F G x F s[E] F 0d NA
Elevate 50WDG 17 x x x 1.5 lb 1.5 lb x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid x x x E F x 0d NA
Fontelis 7 x x x 16-24 fl oz 24 fl oz 16-24 fl oz 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x x E E E 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
fenbuconazole F u x E E s 30d 4
Inspire Super 3+9 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil u u x G-F x x 7d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x 13.5-15.5 x 13.5-15.5 x x 12h 54 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
Isofetamid x u x E x x 7d NA
Kocide 3000 M 1-2.25 lb 1-2.25 lb x 1-2.25 lb 1.75 lb-3.5 1.75 lb-3.5 lb 48h 28 lb
lb
copper hydroxide F-P F x F-P F-P s 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz x 4.8-6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz 4.8-6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram E u x E E u 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 13.6-27 fl oz 13.6-27 fl oz x 13.6-27 13.6-27 13.6-27 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil G-F s x E E-G u 0d NA
Merivon 7+11 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz x 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + fluxopyroxad u E x s G G 0d 3
Miravis Prime 7+12 9-13.4 fl oz 13.4 fl oz x 9-13.4 fl 9-13.4 fl 9-13.4 fl oz 12h 26.8 fl oz
oz oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil G G x G G G 0d NA
Omega 500F 29 20 fl oz 20 fl oz x 20 fl oz 20 fl oz 20 fl oz 12h 120 fl oz
fluazinam F G x u F u 30d NA
PhD 19 6.2 oz 6.2 oz x 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 4h 4.2 oz
polyoxin D P P x G G G-F 0d 6
(Continued)

193
Table 7-3. Fungicide applications from pink bud through petal fall1 (continued)
anthrac- Botryos-
Product and formulation FRAC Alternaria nose fruit phaeria Botrytis mummy Phomopsis REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 fruit rot rot canker blight berry cane blight PHI4 Max app6
Pristine (38WG) 11+7 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 24h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid G E x G F G 0d 4
Proline 480C 3 5.7 fl oz 5.7 fl oz x 5.7 fl oz 5.7 fl oz 5.7 fl oz 12h 11.4 oz
prothioconazole F u x E E E-G 7d 2
ProPhyt 33 4 pt 4 pt x x 4 pt x 4h NA
potassium phosphite u F x x F x 0d NA
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz x x 12-14 fl oz 2-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole G F x x G s 7d 4
Quash SC 3 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 12h 7.5 oz
metconazole u G u F E E 7d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 x 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz x 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole x G u x F G 30d NA
Sulforix M x x x x 1-2 gal/100 1-2 gal/100 48h 8 gal
gal gal
calcium polysulfide x x x x G-F u NA 4
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz 11-14 oz x 11-14 oz 11-14 oz 11-14 oz 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil E G x G F F 0d NA
Tilt 3 x x x x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x x x x G s[G] 30d 5
Ziram 76DF M3 3 lb 3 lb x 3 lb 3 lb 3 lb 48h NA
ziram F G x F G G 30d NA

Blueberry Pink Bud Stage through Petal • Cherry fruitworm control with Esteem: Apply when
egg laying begins and again at petal fall.
Fall – Insects • Cherry fruitworm control with Intrepid: First appli-
• Cherry fruitworm control by conventional insec- cation is best at 400 degree days (base 50) after
ticides (other than Esteem and Intrepid) starts at biofix (sustained catch of moths in pheromone
petal fall and are re-applied 10 days later. trap). Second application at 100% petal fall.

Table 7-4. Recommended insecticides from pink bud through petal fall1
Product and formulation cherry fruitworm and REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code2 cranberry fruitworm PHI4 Max app6
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 27 fl oz 12h 81 fl oz
tolfenpyrad G 3d 3
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-9.6 fl oz 12h 38.4 fl oz
esfenvalerate G 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 4.5-5.3 oz 12h 26.7 oz
acetamiprid G 1d 5
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 3.5-6 oz 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb G 7d 4
(Continued)

194
Table 7-4. Recommended insecticides from pink bud through petal fall1 (continued)
Product and formulation cherry fruitworm and REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
cranberry fruitworm PHI4 Max app6
B.t. kurstaki (DiPel DF, Javelin WG, etc.) 11 0.5-2 lb 4h NA
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki G 0d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 2.1-6.4 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
bifenthrin G 1d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 5.3-16 oz 12h 80 oz
bifenthrin G 1d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-16 oz 24h 32 fl oz
fenpropathrin E 3d 2
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-6 oz 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram G 3d 6
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 1B 12.75 fl oz 120h 25.5 fl oz
diazinon u 7d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-6 fl oz 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad F 1d 6
Esteem 35WP 7C 5 oz 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen E 7d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 10-13.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole G 3d NA
Grandevo WDG UN 1-3 lb 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae E 0d NA
Imidan 70W 1B 1.33 lb 24-72h 7.13 lb
phosmet E 3d 5
Intrepid 2F 18 10-16 fl oz 4h 48 fl oz
methoxyfenozide F 7d 3
Knack (0.86EC) 7C 16 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
pyriproxyfen E 7d 2
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) (RUP) 1A 1.5-3 pt 48h 12 pt
methomyl u 3d 4
Malathion 8F 1B 1.25 pt 12h NA
malathion u 1d 3
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L), AzaDirect UN 4-16 fl oz 4h NA
azadirachtin u 0d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h NA
pyrethrins u 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20-30 fl oz 12h 90 fl oz
novaluron G 8d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1.5-2 qt 12h 10 qt
carbaryl G 7d 5
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 8.2-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole G 1d 3

195
Blueberry Summer Cover – Diseases are not sufficient to control these diseases. Do not
harvest or handle wet fruit.
Apply first cover about 7-10 days after petal fall, and
second cover about 10 days later. • Do not use an adjuvant with Fontelis after petal fall.
Disease management notes • Applications of Abound, Quash and Quilt for
control of other diseases may aid in the control
• Pre- and post-harvest rots can be greatly reduced Botryosphaeria (bot) canker
by timely harvests and proper handing, followed
by rapid, post-harvest cooling. Fungicides alone • Be aware of the preharvest intervals (PHI) of Bravo;
Indar2F, Quilt. Tilt, Ziram and generic counterparts.
Table 7-5. Fungicide applications for summer cover1
Product and formulation Alternaria anthracnose Phomopsis REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
fruit rot fruit rot cane blight PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 4h 46 fl oz
azoxystrobin G G-E F 0d varies
Aliette WDG 33 5 lb 5 lb 5 lb 12h 20 lb
aluminum tris u u 3-4 pt 0.5d 4
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 3-4 pt 12h 12 pt
chlorothalonil u s s 42d NA
Captan 80WG M5 1.25-3 lb 1.25-3 lb 1.25-3 lb 48h 43.75 lb
captan F G F 0d NA
Fontelis 7 x x 24 fl oz 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x E 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
fenbuconazole F u G 30d 4
Inspire Super 3+9 16-20 fl oz 16-20 fl oz x 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil u u x 7d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x 13.5-15.5 fl oz x 12h 54 fl oz
Isofetamid x u x 7d NA
Kocide 3000 M 1-2.25 lb 1-2.25 lb 1.75 lb-3.5 lb 48h 28 lb
copper hydroxide F-P F s 0d varies
Luna Privilege 7 6.8 fl oz x x 12h 13.7
fluopyram E x x 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 13.6-27 fl oz 13.6-27 fl oz 13.6-27 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil G-F G-F u 0d NA
Merivon 7+11 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + fluxopyroxad u E G 0d 3
Miravis Prime 7+12 9-13.4 fl oz 13.4 fl oz 9-13.4 fl oz 12h 26.8 fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil G G G 0d NA
Omega 500F 29 20 fl oz 20 fl oz 20 fl oz 12h 120 fl oz
fluazinam F G u 30d NA
PhD 19 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 4h 4.2 oz
polyoxin D P P G-F 0d 6
Pristine (38WG) 11+7 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 24h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid G E G 0d 4
(Continued)

196
Table 7-5. Fungicide applications for summer cover1 (continued)
Product and formulation Alternaria anthracnose Phomopsis REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
fruit rot fruit rot cane blight PHI4 Max app6
Proline 480C 3 5.7 fl oz 5.7 fl oz 5.7 fl oz 12h 11.4 oz
prothioconazole F u E-G 7d 2
ProPhyt 33 4 pt 4 pt x 4h NA
potassium phosphite F-P F x 0d NA
Quadris Top 11+3 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz 2-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole G F u 7d 4
Quash SC 3 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 2.5 oz 12h 7.5 oz
metconazole u G E 7d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 x 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole x G G 30d NA
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz 11-14 oz 11-14 oz 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil E G F 0d NA
Tilt 3 x x 6 fl oz 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x x G 30d 5
Ziram 76DF M3 3 lb 3 lb 3 lb 48h NA
ziram F G G 30d NA

Blueberry First and Second Cover – Insects • Monitor for first emergence of blueberry maggot
flies with traps. Emergence usually begins around
• Control cranberry fruitworm 10 and 20 days after July 1 in northern areas. Insecticide applications to
petalfall. protect berries may be needed until harvest. Blue-
• Plum curculio adults and larvae have not been berry maggot is not a common pest in the south-
observed to damage blueberries in most southern ern portion of the region.
portions of the region.

Table 7-6. Insect management recommendations for first-second cover1

Product and formulation cherry fruitworm/ REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
cranberry fruitworm plum curculio PHI4 Max app6
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 27 fl oz 27 fl oz 12h 81 fl oz
tolfenpyrad G G 3d 3
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-9.6 fl oz x 12h 38.4 fl oz
esfenvalerate G x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 4.5-5.3 oz x 12h 26.7 oz
acetamiprid G x 1d 5
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 22 3.5-6 oz 6 oz 12h 24 oz
indoxacarb G E 7d 4
B.t. kurstaki (DiPel DF, Javelin WG, etc.) 11 0.5-2 lb x 4h NA
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki G x 0d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 2.1-6.4 fl oz 2.1-6.4 fl oz 12h 32 fl oz
bifenthrin G G 1d NA
(Continued)

197
Table 7-6. Insect management recommendations for first-second cover1 (continued)
Product and formulation cherry fruitworm/ REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
cranberry fruitworm plum curculio PHI4 Max app6
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 5.3-16 oz 5.3-16 oz 12h 80 oz
bifenthrin G G 1d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-16 oz 10.6-16 oz 24h 32 fl oz
fenpropathrin E G 3d 2
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-6 oz x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram G x 3d 6
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 1B 12.75 fl oz x 120h 25.5 fl oz
diazinon u x 7d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-6 fl oz x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad F x 1d 6
Esteem 35WP 7C 5 oz x 12h 10 oz
pyriproxyfen E x 7d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 10-13.5 fl oz 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole G G 3d NA
Grandevo WDG UN 1-3 lb x 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae E x 0d NA
Imidan 70W 1B 1.3 lb 1.3 lb 24-72h 7.1 lb
phosmet E E 3d 5
Intrepid 2F 18 10-16 fl oz x 4h 48 fl oz
methoxyfenozide F x 7d 3
Knack (0.86EC) 7C 16 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
pyriproxyfen E x 7d 2
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) (RUP) 1A 1.5-3 pt x 48h 12 pt
methomyl u x 3d 4
Malathion 8F 1B 1.25 pt 1.25 pt 12h NA
malathion u F 1d 3
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L), AzaDirect UN 4-16 fl oz x 4h NA
azadirachtin u x 0d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz x 12h NA
pyrethrins u x 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20-30 fl oz x 12h 90 fl oz
novaluron G x 8d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1.5-2 qt x 12h 10 qt
carbaryl G x 7d 5
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 8.2-11 fl oz 8.2-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole G G 1d 3

198
Blueberry Third and Additional Covers – by rapid, post-harvest cooling. Fungicides alone
are not sufficient to control these diseases. Do not
Insects harvest or handle wet fruit.
Apply about 10 days after previous cover and repeat as • Sprays for blueberry maggot should begin as soon
needed. Be sure to check PHIs. as the adults are observed in traps, and continue
• Pre- and post-harvest rots can be greatly reduced until harvest.
by timely harvests and proper handing, followed

Table 7-7. Insect management at third and summer covers1

brown
Product and formulation IRAC blueberry marmorated Japanese spotted-wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 maggot stink bug beetle Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A 2.1-2.8 fl oz x 2.1-2.8 fl oz x 12h 14 fl oz
imidacloprid F x F x 3 or 7d 5
Altacor (35WDG) 28 x x 3-4.5 oz x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole x x i x 1d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 27 fl oz x x x 12h 81 fl oz
tolfenpyrad F x x x 3d 3
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 9.6 fl oz x 4.8-9.6 fl oz x 12h 38.4 fl oz
esfenvalerate G x G x 14d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 4.5-5.3 oz x 4.5-5.3 oz x 12h 26.7 oz
acetamiprid G x u x 1d 5
Aza-Direct UN x 1-3.5 pt 1-3.5 pt x 4h NA
azadirachtin x F F x 0d NA
Beetle GONE! Ag UN x x 1-17.5 lb x 4h NA
Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae x x u x 0d NA
Brigade 2EC (RUP) 3A 2.1-6.4 fl oz x 2.1-6.4 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
bifenthrin G x E x 1d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 5.3-16 oz x x x 12h 80 oz
bifenthrin G x x x 1d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-16 fl oz 10.6-16 fl oz 10.6-16 oz 10.6-16 oz 24h 32 fl oz
fenpropathrin G G G E 3d 2
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-6 oz x x 3-6 oz 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram F x x E 3d 6
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 1B 12.75 fl oz x x x 120h 25.5 fl oz
diazinon G x x x 7d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x x 4-6 fl oz 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad x x x G 1d 6
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5-20 fl oz x x 13.5-20.5 fl oz 12h 61.5 fl oz
cyantraniliprole F x x E 3d NA
Grandevo WDG UN x 2-3 lb 2-3 lb 2-3 lb 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae x u s G 0d NA
Imidan 70W 1B 1.3 lb x 1.3 lb 1.3 lb 24-72h 7.1 lb
phosmet E x G E 3d 5
(Continued)

199
Table 7-7. Insect management at third and summer covers1 (continued)
brown
Product and formulation IRAC blueberry marmorated Japanese spotted-wing REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 maggot stink bug beetle Drosophila PHI4 Max app6
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) (RUP) 1A 0.75-1.5 pt 1.5-3 pt x 1.5-3 pt 48h 12 pt
methomyl G G x E 3d 4
Malathion 8F 1B 1.25 pt x 1.25 pt x 12h NA
malathion G x F x 1d 3
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A x x x 4 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x x x E 1d NA
Platinum 75SG 4A x x 1.66-4 oz x 12h 4 oz
thiamethoxam x x u x 75d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 4.5-15.6 fl oz 12h NA
pyrethrins F u u F 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 15 20-30 fl oz x x 20-30 fl oz 12h 90 fl oz
novaluron G x x u 8d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1.5-2 qt x 1-2 qt x 12h 10 qt
carbaryl G x G x 7d 5
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4D 12-14 fl oz x x x 4h 28 fl oz
flupyradifurone G x x x 3d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 28 8.2-11 fl oz 8.2-11 fl oz 8.2-11 fl oz 8.2-11 fl oz 4h 33 fl oz
cyclaniliprole G s u E 1d 3

Blueberry Post-harvest – Diseases

Table 7-8. Post-harvest disease management recommendations1
Product and formulation Phomopsis Phytophthora powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
cane blight root rot mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 4h 46 fl oz
azoxystrobin F u x 0d NA
Aliette WDG 33 5 lb 5 lb x 12h 20 lb
aluminum tris s G x 0.5d 4
Bravo Weather Stik M3 3-4 pt x 3-4 pt 12h 12 pt
chlorothalonil s x s 42d NA
Captan 80WG M5 1.25-3 lb x 1.25-3 lb 48h 43.75 lb
captan s x G 0d NA
Indar 2F 3 6 fl oz x 6 fl oz 12h 24 fl oz
fenbuconazole G x E 30d 4
Inspire Super 3+9 x x 16-20 fl oz 12h 80 fl oz
difenoconazole + cyprodinil x x u 7d NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x x 13.5-15.5 fl oz 12h 54 fl oz
Isofetamid x x G 7d NA
(Continued)

200
Table 7-8. Post-harvest disease management recommendations1 (continued)
Product and formulation Phomopsis Phytophthora powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
cane blight root rot mildew PHI4 Max app6
Kocide 3000 M 1.75 lb-3.5 lb x x 48h 28 lb
copper hydroxide s x x 0d varies
Luna Privilege 7 x x 4.8-6.8 fl oz 12h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x x E 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 13.6-27 fl oz x 13.6-27 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil u x E 0d NA
Merivon 7+11 4-11 fl oz x 4-11 fl oz 12h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + fluxopyroxad G x E 0d 3
Mettle 125ME 3 x x 3-5 fl oz 12h 20 fl oz
tetraconazole x x E 0d 5
Miravis Prime 7+12 9-13.4 fl oz x 9-13.4 fl oz 12 h 26.8 fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil G x u 0d NA
Omega 500F 29 20 fl oz x 20 fl oz 12h 120 fl oz
fluazinam u x G 30d NA
Orondis Gold 49+4 x 20-55 oz x 48h 110 fl oz
oxathiapipralin+ mefenoxam x E x 1d 2
PhD 19 6.2 oz x 6.2 oz 4h 4.2 oz
polyoxin D G-F x s 0d 6
Pristine (38WG) 11+7 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 24h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid G x E 0d 4
Procure 480SC 3 x x 4-8 fl oz 12h 32 oz
triflumizole x x E 0d 8
Proline 480C 3 5.7 fl oz x 5.7 fl oz 12h 11.4 oz
prothioconazole E-G x G 7d 2
Prolivo 300 SC 50 x x 4-5 fl oz 4h 16 fl oz
pyriofenone x x E 0d NA
ProPhyt 33 x 4 pt 4 pt 4h NA
potassium phosphite x G G 0d NA
Quadris Top 11+3 2-14 fl oz x 12-14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole s x G d 4
Quash SC 3 2.5 oz x 2.5 oz 12h 7.5 oz
metconazole E x E 7d 3
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14-21 fl oz x 14-21 fl oz 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole G x E 30d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x 3.6 pt x 48h 3.6 pt
mefenoxam x E x 0d NA
Sulforix M 1-2 gal/100 gal x x 48h 8 gal
calcium polysulfide u x x NA 4
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil F x x 0d NA
(Continued)

201
Table 7-8. Post-harvest disease management recommendations1 (continued)
Product and formulation Phomopsis Phytophthora powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
cane blight root rot mildew PHI4 Max app6
Tilt 3 x x 6 fl oz 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x x E 30d 5
Torino U6 x x 3.4 oz 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x x E 0d 2
Ziram 76DF M3 3 lb x 3 lb 48h NA
ziram G x u 30d NA

Special Comments on Blueberry Schedule pest and remain vigilant for its appearance in your
vineyard and orchard systems.
Spotted lanternfly
The spotted lanternfly is an invasive planthopper that For more on blueberry production
is spreading throughout the Midwest. This insect feeds For additional information on blueberry production
on plant sap, causing wilting, dieback and even death. and management, the University of Kentucky has
Currently spotted lanternfly is believed to pose the published the Midwest Blueberry Production Guide,
greatest threat to the blueberry, grape, hop, stone fruit, available at: http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/
and hardwood industries. Know how to identify this ID/ID210/ID210.pdf

Effectiveness of Pesticides for Blueberry Diseases1

Compiled and Edited by J. Beckerman and M. Heller-Haas
Alternaria fruit rot

anthracnose fruit

powdery Mildew
Phomopsis cane
Botrytis blight

mummy berry

Phytophthora
Fusicoccum

root rot
canker

Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

blight
rot

Active ingredient Code2 PHI4 Max app6

Abound (SC) 4h 46 fl oz
11 F E F u F F u G
azoxystrobin 0d NA
Aftershock 12 h 22.8 fl oz
11 u G F u u u u G
fluoxastrobin 1d NA
Aliette WDG 12h 20 lb
33 G G u u E G G G
aluminum tris (O-ethyl phosphonate) 0.5d 4
Aprovia 12 h 10.5 oz
7 u u u u u u i u
benzovindiflupyr 1 yr NA
Bravo Weather Stik 12h 12 pt
M3 u G E-G u E E i
chlorothalonil G 42d NA
Captan 50WP 48h 70 lb
M5 F G F F [E] F u G
captan 0d NA
CaptEvate 68WDG 48h 21 lb
M+17 F F E u E-G F i u
captan + fenhexamid 30d NA
Elevate 50WG 12h 6 lb
M+17 u u E u F F i u
fenhexamid 0d NA
(Continued)

202
Effectiveness of Pesticides for Blueberry Diseases1 (continued)

Alternaria fruit rot

anthracnose fruit

powdery Mildew
Phomopsis cane
Botrytis blight

mummy berry

Phytophthora
Fusicoccum

root rot
canker
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

blight
rot
Active ingredient Code2 PHI4
Max app6
Flint Extra 12 h 18 fl oz
11 u s s u u s u E
trifloxystrobin 0d NA
Fontelis 12h 72 fl oz
7 u E E u E u i E
penthiopyrad 0d NA
Indar 2F 12h 24 fl oz
3 F u E u E G i E
fenbuconazole 30d 4
Inspire Super 12h 80 fl oz
3+9 u u u u u u i u
difenoconazole + cyprodinil 7d NA
Kenja 400SC 12h 54 fl oz
7 u u E u E u i u
Isofetamid 0d NA
lime sulfur solution 48h 48 gal
M i i i u u G u u
lime-sulfur NA NA
Luna Privilege 12 h 13.7
fluopyram 7 E u E u E U i G 0d NA
Luna Sensation 12h 27.1 fl oz
7+11 u G G u u G u E
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 12h 54.7 fl oz
7+9 u u E u E-G u i E
fluopyram + pyrimethanil 0d NA
Miravis Prime 12 h 26.8 fl oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxanil 7+12 G G G u G G i u 0d NA
Omega 500F 12h 7.5 pt
29 F G u u F u u G
fluazinam 30d NA
OSO 5% SC 4h 4.2 oz
19 u G G u E-G G-F i G
polyoxin D 0d 6
Pristine (38WG) 24h 92 oz
11+7 G E G u F G u E
pyraclostrobin + boscalid 0d 4
Procure 480SC 12 h 32 oz
3 u u u u u u i E
triflumazole 0d 8
Proline 480C 12h 11.4 oz
3 F u E u E G i G
prothioconazole 7d 2
ProPhyt 4h NA
33 F F u u F F G G
phosphorous acid 0d NA
Quadris Top 12 h 56 fl oz
11+3 G F u u G G u G
azoxystrobin + difenoconazole 14 d 4
Quash 12h 7.5 oz
3 u G G u E E i E
metconazole 7d 3
(Continued)

203
Effectiveness of Pesticides for Blueberry Diseases1 (continued)

Alternaria fruit rot

anthracnose fruit

powdery Mildew
Phomopsis cane
Botrytis blight

mummy berry

Phytophthora
Fusicoccum

root rot
canker
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

blight
rot
Active ingredient Code2 PHI
4
Max app6
Quilt Xcel 12h 82 fl oz
11+3 u G u u F G u E
azoxystrobin + propiconazole 30d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 48h 3.6 pt
4 u u u u u u E i
mefenoxam 0d NA
Sulforix 48h N/A
M u F u u G-F u u E
calcium polysulfide NA 4
Switch 62.5WG 12h 56 oz
9+12 E G G u F F i i
cyprodinil + fludioxonil 0d NA
Tilt 12h 30 fl oz
3 u u u u G-F G i E
propiconazole 30d 5
Torino 4h 6.8 oz
U6 u u u u u u i E
cyflufenamid 0d 2
Ziram 76DF 48h NA
M3 F G G F G G u u
ziram 30d NA
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited.
Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

204
Efficacy of Selected Pesticides for Control of Blueberry Insects1
Compiled and edited by Celeste Welty

cranberry fruitworm
brown marmorated

cherry fruitworm &

blueberry maggot

Japanese beetle

plum curculio

spotted-wing
Drosophila
Stink bug
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 12h 12 oz
4A x x x G x x
thiamethoxam 3d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 12h 14 fl oz
4A F x x F x x
imidacloprid 3 or 7d 5
Altacor (35WDG) 4h 9 oz
28 x x E i x x
chlorantraniliprole 1d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 12h 81 fl oz
21A F x u x G x
tolfenpyrad 3d 3
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 12h 38.4 fl oz
3A G x G G x x
esfenvalerate 14d NA
Assail 30SG 12h 26.7 oz
4A G x G G x x
acetamiprid 1d 5
Avaunt eVo (30WDG) 12h 24 oz
22 x x G x E x
indoxacarb 7d 4
Beetle GONE! Ag 4h NA
UN x x x G x x
Bacillus thuringiensis galleriae 0d NA
B.t. kurstaki (DiPel, Javelin, etc.) 4h NA
11 x x F x x x
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki 0d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 12h 80 oz
3A G x G E G x
bifenthrin 1d NA
Confirm 2F 4h 64 fl oz
18 x x G x x x
tebufenozide 14d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 32 fl oz
3A G G E E G E
fenpropathrin 3d 2
Delegate WG (25WG) 4h 19.5 oz
5 F x E x x E
spinetoram 3d 6
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 120 hr/5d 25.5 fl oz
1B G x G x x x
diazinon 7d 2
Entrust SC (2SC) 4h 29 fl oz
5 x x s x x G
spinosad 1d 6
Esteem 35WP 12h 10 oz
7C x x F x x x
pyriproxyfen 7d 2
Exirel (0.83SE) 12h 61.5 fl oz
28 F x E x G E
cyantraniliprole 3d NA
Grandevo WDG 4h NA
UN x x G x x G
Chromobacterium subtsugae 0d NA
Imidan 70W 24-72h 7.1 lb
1B E x E G E E
phosmet 3d 5
(Continued)
205
Efficacy of Selected Pesticides for Control of Blueberry Insects1 (continued)

cranberry fruitworm
brown marmorated

cherry fruitworm &

blueberry maggot

Japanese beetle

plum curculio

spotted-wing
Drosophila
Stink bug
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active Ingredient Code2 PHI4 Max app6
Intrepid 2F 4h 48 fl oz
18 x x E x x x
methoxyfenozide 7d 3
Knack (0.86EC) 12h 32 fl oz
7C x x F x x x
pyriproxyfen 7d 2
Lannate LV (2.4WSL) (RUP) 48h 12 pt
1A G G E x x E
methomyl 3d 4
Magister SC (1.7SC) 12h 36 fl oz
21A x x x x x x
fenazaquin 7d 1
Malathion 8F 12h NA
1B G x F F F x
malathion 1d 3
Movento (2SC) 24h 30 fl oz
23 G x x x x x
spirotetramat 7d NA
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 12h 24 fl oz
3A x x x x x E
zeta-cypermethrin 1d NA
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L), AzaDirect 4h NA
UN F u u F x u
azadirachtin 0d NA
Platinum 75SG 12h 4 oz
4A x x x F x x
thiamethoxam 75d NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 12h 4 pt
21A x x x x x x
fenpyroximate 1d 2
Pyganic 5EC 12h NA
3A F u u F x F
pyrethrins 0d 10
Rimon 0.83EC 12h 90 fl oz
15 G x x x x x
novaluron 8d NA
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 12h 10 qt
1A G x G E x x
carbaryl 7d 5
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4h 28 fl oz
4D G x x x x x
flupyradifurone 3d NA
Surround WP (95WP) 4h NA
UN s x x s s x
kaolin 0d NA
Verdepryn 100SL (0.83SL) 4h 33 fl oz
28 G s E u G E
cyclaniliprole 1d 3
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers should contact
their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions assume no liability for
practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state.
E= excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited. Check labels
for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.
206
 8. RASPBERRY AND BLACKBERRY
Raspberry and Blackberry Spray PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the
3

number of days before harvest that the product may

Schedule not be applied.
Entomology Leads: N. Joshi, R. Bessin
4
All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-Entry
Pathology Leads: J. Beckerman Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time
How to read the spray schedule tables immediately after a pesticide application when entry
into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI.
Every raspberry and blackberry growth stage has Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pes-
important notes on disease or insect management. In ticides during harvest.
some cases, the reader will be directed to the special
problems section at the end of the section or chapter. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of
Please make sure to read thoroughly and contact your product per season AND maximum number of appli-
state Extension specialist with any specific questions. cations.
Key to tables
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/
acre/year.
E = excellent control
G = good control
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of
F = fair control applications per year.
[r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible
s = suppression only Raspberry and Blackberry Delayed
i = ineffective
u = unknown efficacy
Dormant – Diseases
x = pest not on the label • Sanitation is a cornerstone of disease and insect
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials management. Remove and destroy old, infected
conducted across various regions and does not neces- and infested floricanes after harvest to aid in the
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over management of anthracnose and borers.
time. Growers should contact their Extension special- • Begin applications for control of Phytophthora
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information. when tips of buds show green. Other phosphorous
The information on this publication is only a guide; the acid products include ProPhyt, Phostrol, Fosphite,
authors and their institutions assume no liability for K-phite, and Rampart.
practices implemented based on this information. • Ridomil Gold GR is for use at planting. Do not top-
Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is dress with granules.
the law. Product registration may vary by state.
• Copper products are available in various formula-
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the tions. Read labels carefully.
fungicide/insecticide.

Table 8-1. Fungicides for disease management at dormant to delayed dormant1

Product and formulation cane blight/ Phytophthora REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 anthracnose spur blight root rot PHI4 Max app6
Aliette WDG 33 x x 5 lb 12h N/A
aluminum tris x x E 60d 4
Badge SC M 1-2.25 pt 1-2.25 pt x 48h 35.2 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride F F u 0d N/A
Cuproxat FL M 2.5-6 pt 2.5-5 pt x 12h varies
tribasic copper sulfate F F x 0d N/A
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 14 oz 14 oz x 12h 56 oz
pyraclostrobin E E u 0d N/A
Kocide 3000 M 1.75 lb or 0.75 1.75 lb or 0.75 x 48h 28.6 lb
lb lb
(Continued)

207
Table 8-1. Fungicides for disease management at dormant to delayed dormant1 (continued)
Product and formulation cane blight/ Phytophthora REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code 2
anthracnose spur blight root rot PHI4 Max app6
copper hydroxide u F x 0d N/A
Nordox 75G M 1.25-2.5 lb x x 24h 24 lb
cuprous oxide F F u 0d N/A
Orondis Gold 49+4 x x 13.7 - 110 fl oz 48 h 220 fl oz
oxathiapiprolin+ mefenoxam 0 x E 1d varies
ProPhyte 33 x x 4 pt 4h 2
phosphorous acid x x E 0d 8 pt
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x x 0.25 pt/1000 48h 3.6 pt
sq ft
mefenoxam u u E 45d 1
Sulforix M 3 gal/100 gal 3 gal/100 gal x 48h N/A
calcium polysulfide E G u 0d varies

Raspberry and Blackberry Delayed • Apply as a soil drench directed at the crown of the
plants in a minimum of 50 gal of water per acre
Dormant – Insects prior to a significant rainfall or irrigation.
• Apply insecticides after egg hatch in late October • See Rednecked Cane Borer (page 218-219) about
or early November or wait until late March. pruning to remove last year’s galls.

Table 8-2. Insecticides for disease management at dormant to delayed dormant1

Product and formulation raspberry crown REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 3
borer PHI4 Max app6
Altacor (35WG) 28 3-4.5 oz 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole G 3d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 16 oz 12h 32 oz
bifenthrin E 3d NA
Hero (1.24EC) (RUP) 3A 10.3 fl oz 12h 27.4 fl oz
bifenthrin + zeta-permethrin u 3d 2

Raspberry and Blackberry Pre-bloom have been problems, fungicide applications prior
to bloom are probably not required. This is espe-
Apply when flowers show white. cially true if you have made the delayed-dormant
Delayed pre-bloom disease management notes application of lime-sulfur.
• Unless anthracnose, cane blight, or spur blight

208
Table 8-3. Fungicides for disease management at pre-bloom1
cane raspberry leaf rusts
Product and formulation FRAC blight/spur spot/Septoria (orange and powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose blight leaf spot late leaf) mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 10-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 4h 92.3 fl oz
azoxystrobin E E E E E 0d 9
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 15 oz 14 oz 12h 56 oz
pyraclostrobin E E E s(E) E 0d N/A
Captan 80WDG M4 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 2.5 lb x x 48h 12.5 lb
captan G G s x x 3d N/A
Captec 4L M4 0.75-1 qt/100 0.75-1 x x x 72h 35 qt
gal qts/100 gal
captan G G x x x 3d N/A
CaptEvate 68WDG M+17 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x x x 48h 21 lb
captan + fenhexamid G G x x x 30d N/A
Fontelis 7 x 14-24 fl oz x 14-24 fl oz 14-24 fl oz 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x u x u s(G) 0d N/A
JMS Stylet Oil M x x x 3-6 qt 3-6 qt 4h N/A
mineral oil x x x F F NL N/A
Kocide 3000 M 0.75 lb 0.75 lb x 0.75 lb x 48h 28.6 lb
copper hydroxide u F x u x 0d N/A
Luna Privilege 7 x x 4.8-6.4 fl oz x 4.8-6.4 fl oz 12 h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x x G x E 0d N/A
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 16-27 fl oz x 13.6-27 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x x u x G 0d N/A
Merivon 7+11 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 8-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 12 h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + u E E s G 0 3
fluxopyroxad
Pristine 38WG 11+7 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 12h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid E E E s E 0d 4
Prolivo 300SC U8 x x x x 4-5 fl oz 4h 16 fl oz
pyriofenone x x x x E 0d N/A
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + G G G G G 30d 3
propiconazole
Rally 40WSP 3 x x x 1.25-3 oz 1.25-3 oz 24h 10 oz
myclobutanil x x x E E 0d N/A
Sulfur 80WDG M x x x x 6-15 lb 24h varies
sulfur x x x x u 0d N/A
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz x x x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil u x x x x 0d 2
Tanos (DW) 11+27 x 8-10 oz 8-10 oz x x 12h 72 oz
famoxadone + cymoxanil s G G x x 0d N/A
Tilt (EC) 3 x 6 fl oz x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x u x E E 30d 5

209
Raspberry and Blackberry Pre-bloom – Insects
Table 8-4. Insecticides for disease management at pre-bloom1
Product and formulation IRAC raspberry raspberry strawberry REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 leafroller fruitworm sawfly rose chafer clipper PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x x x 3 oz 12h 6 oz
thiamethoxam x x x x G 3d NA
Agree WG (Dipel, etc.) 11 1-2 lb x x x x 4h NA
B. thuringiensis F x x x x 0d NA
Altacor (35WG) 28 3-4.5 oz x x x x 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole E x x x x 3d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 3A 4.8-9.6 fl oz x x x x 12h 28.8 fl oz
esfenvalerate E x x x x 7d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 4.5-5.3 oz x x x 12h 26.7 oz
acetamiprid x u x x x 1d 5
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 8-16 oz x x x x 12h 32 oz
bifenthrin E x x x x 3d NA
Confirm 2F 18 16 fl oz x x x x 4h 64 fl oz
tebufenozide E x x x x 14d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 10.6-16 fl oz x x x x 24h 32 fl oz
fenpropathrin E x x x x 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 3-6 oz 3-6 oz 3-6 oz x x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram E E G x x 1d 6
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-6 fl oz 4-6 fl oz 4-6 fl oz x x 4h 29 fl oz
spinosad G G G x x 1d 6
Hero (1.24EC) (RUP) 3A 4 to 10.3 x x x x 12h 27.4 fl oz
fl oz
bifenthrin + zeta-permethrin G x x x x 3d 2
Intrepid 2F 18 10 to 16 fl oz x x x x 4h 48 fl oz
methoxyfenozide G x x x x 3d 3
Malathion 5EC 1B x x x 3 pt x 12h 9.6 pt
malathion x x x G x 1d 3
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A 4 fl oz x x x x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin E x x x x 1d 6
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN 7-16 fl oz x x 7-16 fl oz x 4h NA
azadirachtin u x x u x 0d NA
Pyganic 5EC 3A 4.5-15.61 4.5-15.61 4.5-15.61 4.5-15.61 4.5-15.61 12h NA
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
pyrethrins F F i F u 0d 10
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1-2 qt 2 qt 2 qt 1-2 qt 1-2 qt 12h 10 qt
carbaryl G i G G G 7d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN 25-50 lb x x 25-50 lb x 4h NA
kaolin u x x u x 0d NA

210
Raspberry and Blackberry First Bloom three fungicide applications during this period. Ap-
ply the first as blooms begin to open, not later than
through Petal Fall 5% bloom. Make the second at full bloom. Follow
Apply when first flowers open through when petals fall. with a third as petals begin to fall.
• For best management of Botrytis, plan on making

Table 8-5. Fungicides labeled for disease management from bloom through petal fall1
Product and cane raspberry leaf rusts
formulation FRAC blight/spur spot/Septoria Botrytis (orange and powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose blight leaf spot fruit rot late leaf) mildew PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz x 10-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 4h 92.3 fl oz
azoxystrobin E E E x E E 0d 9
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 12h 56 oz
pyraclostrobin E E E s s E 0d NA
Captan 80WDG M4 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 2.5 lb x x 48h 12.5 lb
captan G G s G x x 3d NA
Captec 4L M4 0.75-1 qt/100 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 0.75-1 x x 72h 35 qt
gal qt/100 gal
captan G G F G x x 3d NA
CaptEvate 68WDG M+17 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x 3.5 lb x x 48h 21 lb
captan + fenhexamid G G x E x x 30d NA
Elevate 50WDG 17 x x x 1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid x x x E x x 0d NA
Fontelis 7 x x x 1-2 pt x x 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x x E x x 0d NA
JMS Stylet Oil M x x x x 3-6 qt 3-6 qt 4h NA
mineral oil x x x x F F NL NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x x x 13.5-15.5 x 13.5-15.5 12h 54 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
Isofetamid u x x E x E 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 x 4.8-6.4 12 h 13.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluopyram x F G E x E 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl oz x 13.6-27 fl oz 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + G u u u u G 0d NA
pyrimethanil
Merivon 7+11 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 8-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 12 h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + E E E s s G 0 3
fluxopyroxad
OSO 5%SC 19 6.5-13 fl oz x x 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 4h 78 fl oz
polyoxin D u x x E u G 0d 6
Pristine 38WG 11+7 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 12h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + E E x E s E 0d 4
boscalid
Prolivo 300SC U8 x x x x x 4-5 fl oz 4h 16 fl oz
pyriofenone x x x x x E 0d NA
(Continued)

211
Table 8-5. Fungicides labeled for disease management from bloom through petal fall1 (continued)
Product and cane raspberry leaf rusts
formulation FRAC blight/spur spot/Septoria Botrytis (orange and powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose blight leaf spot fruit rot late leaf) mildew PHI4 Max app6
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz x 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + G G G x G G 30d 3
propiconazole
Rally 40WSP 3 x x 1.25-3 oz x 1.25-3 oz 1.25-3 oz 24h 10 oz
myclobutanil x x G x E E 0d NA
Rovral 4F 2 x x x 1-2 pt x x 24h 8 pt
iprodione x x x E x x 0d 4
Sulfur 80WDG M x x x x x 6-15 lb 24h varies
sulfur x x x x x F 0d NA
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 fl oz x 4.8-6.4 fl oz x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + G G x E x x 0d 2
fludioxonil
Tanos (DW) 11+27 x 8-10 oz 8-10 oz x x x 12h 72 oz
famoxadone + x G G x x x 0d NA
cymoxanil
Tilt (EC) 3 x 6 fl oz x x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x u x x E E 30d 5

Raspberry and Blackberry First Bloom Raspberry and Blackberry Post-bloom

through Petal Fall – Insects through Harvest – Diseases
Save the bees! Do not apply insecticides during Disease management notes
bloom to protect bees and pollinators. • Fungicide applications for botrytis control at this
time can help reduce the incidence of postharvest
rot.

Table 8-6. Fungicides for disease management at post-bloom through harvest1

raspberry rusts
Product and leaf spot/ (orange Phytoph-
formulation FRAC cane blight/ Septoria Botrytis and late powdery thora REI3 Max amt4
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose spur blight leaf spot fruit rot leaf) mildew root rot PHI4 Max app5
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz x 10-15.5 6-15.5 fl x 4h 92.3 fl oz
fl oz oz
azoxystrobin E E E x E E x 0d 9
Aliette WDG 33 x x x x x x 5 lb 12h 4
aluminum tris x x x x x x E 60d NA
Badge SC M 1-2.25 pt 1-2.25 pt x x x x x 48h 35.2 pt
copper sulfate + F F x x x x x 0d NA
oxychloride
Cuproxat FL M 2.5-6 pt 2.5-5 pt 2.5-5 pt x 2.5-5 pt x x 12h varies
tribasic copper F F F x F x x 0d NA
sulfate
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz x 12h 56 oz
pyraclostrobin E E E s s E u 0d NA
(Continued)
212
Table 8-6. Fungicides for disease management at post-bloom through harvest1 (continued)
raspberry rusts
Product and leaf spot/ (orange Phytoph-
formulation FRAC cane blight/ Septoria Botrytis and late powdery thora REI3 Max amt4
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose spur blight leaf spot fruit rot leaf) mildew root rot PHI4 Max app5
Captan 80WDG M4 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 2.5 lb 2.5 lb x x x 48h 12.5 lb
captan G G s G x x x 3d NA
Captec 4L M4 0.75-1 0.75-1 qt/100 x 0.75-1 x x x 72h 35 qt.
qt/100 gal gal qt/100 gal
captan G G x G x x x 3d NA
CaptEvate 68WDG M+17 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x 3.5 lb x x x 48h 21 lb
captan + G G x E x x x 30d NA
fenhexamid
Elevate 50WDG 17 x x x 1.5 lb x x x 12h 6 lb
fenhexamid x x x E x x x 0d NA
Fontelis 7 x x x 1-2 pt x x x 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x x E x x x 0d NA
JMS Stylet Oil M x x x x 3-6 qt 3-6 qt x 4h NA
mineral oil x x x x F F x NL NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x x x 13.5-15.5 x 13.5-15.5 x 12h 54 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
Isofetamid x x x E x E x 0d NA
Kocide 3000 M x 0.75 lb 0.75 lb 0.75 lb 0.75 lb 0.75 lb x 48h 28.6 lb
copper hydroxide x F u u u u x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x x 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 fl oz x 12 h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x x G E u E x 0d NA
Luna Tranquility 7+9 x x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl oz x 13.6-27 x 12h 54.7 fl oz
(SC) fl oz
fluopyram + x x u u x G x 0d NA
pyrimethanil
Merivon 7+11 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 8-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz 4-11 fl oz x 12 h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + E E E S s G x 0 3
fluxopyroxad
Nordox 75G M 1.25-2.5 lb x x x 1.25-2.5 lb x x 24h 24 lb
cuprous oxide F x x x u x x 0d NA
Orondis Gold 49+4 x x x x x x 13.7-110 48 h 220 fl oz
fl oz
oxathiapiprolin + x x x x x x E 1d 2
mefenoxam
OSO 5%SC 19 6.5-13 fl oz x x 6.5-13 fl 6.5-13 fl 6.5-13 fl x 4h 78 fl oz
oz oz oz
polyoxin D u x x E u G x 0d 6
Pristine 38WG 11+7 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 12h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + E E x E S E x 0d 4
boscalid
(Continued)

213
Table 8-6. Fungicides for disease management at post-bloom through harvest1 (continued)
raspberry rusts
Product and leaf spot/ (orange Phytoph-
formulation FRAC cane blight/ Septoria Botrytis and late powdery thora REI3 Max amt4
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose spur blight leaf spot fruit rot leaf) mildew root rot PHI4 Max app5
Prolivo 300SC U8 x x x x x 4-5 fl oz x 4h 16 fl oz
pyriofenone x x x x x E x 0d NA
ProPhyte 33 x x x x x x 4 pt 4h varies
phosphorous acid x x x x x x E 0d 4
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz x 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz x 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + G G G x G G x 30d 3
propiconazole
Rally 40WSP 3 x x x x 1.25-3 oz 1.25-3 oz x 24h 10 oz
myclobutanil x x x x E E x 0d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x x x x x x 3.6 pt 48h 3.6 pt
mefenoxam x x x x x x E 45d 1
Rovral 4F 2 x x x 2 pt x x x 24h 8 pt
iprodione x x x E x x x 0d 4
Sulfur 80-WDG M x x x x x 6-15 lb x 24h varies
sulfur x x x x x F x 0d NA
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz x x x x x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + u x x x x x x 0d 2
fludioxonil
Tanos (DW) 11+27 8-10 oz 8-10 oz 8-10 oz x x x x 12h 72 oz
famoxadone + s G G x x x x 0d NA
cymoxanil
Tilt (EC) 3 x 6 fl oz x x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz x 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x u x x E E x 30d 5

Raspberry and Blackberry Post-bloom timing of application before selecting insecticide com-
pounds for the Japanese beetle and other insect pests
through Harvest – Insects if growing fall-bearing varieties.
Check the insecticide label for toxicity to bees and

Table 8-7. Insecticides labeled for management at post-bloom through harvest1

Japanese beetle

spotted-wing

two-spotted
spider mite
broad mite

green June

Drosophila
cane borer
rednecked
plant bugs

sap beetle

stink bug

Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

thrips

Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6

Acramite 50WS 20D x x x x x x x x 0.75-1 lb 12h 2 lb
bifenazate x x x x x x x x G 1d 2
Actara (25WDG) 4A x 3 oz 3 oz x x 3 oz x x x 12h 6 oz
thiamethoxam x G G x x G x x x 3d NA
(Continued)

214
Table 8-7. Insecticides labeled for management at post-bloom through harvest1 (continued)

Japanese beetle

spotted-wing

two-spotted
spider mite
broad mite

green June

Drosophila
cane borer
rednecked
plant bugs

sap beetle

stink bug
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

thrips
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x x 10.5-14 x x x 7-14 fl x 12h 14 fl oz
fl oz oz
imidacloprid x x x G x x x F x 7d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 3.5 fl x x x x x x x 1.75-3.5 12h 10.25 fl oz
oz fl oz
abamectin E x x x x x x x E 7d NA
Assail 30SG 4A x 4.5-5.3 4.5- x 4.5- x x 4.5- x 12h 26.7 oz
oz 5.3 oz 5.3 oz 5.3 oz
acetamiprid x G G x G x x u x 1d 5
BeetleGone! 11 x 1-17.5 lb x x x x x x x 4h NA
B. thuringiensis x u x x x x x x x 0d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A x x x x x x 8-16 oz x 16 oz 12h 32 oz
bifenthrin x x x x x x E x F 3d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x 10.6-16 10.6-16 x x 10.6- 10.6-16 x 16 fl oz 24h 32 fl oz
fl oz fl oz 16 fl fl oz
oz
fenpropathrin x E E x x E E x F 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 5 x x x x x x 3-6 oz 3-6 oz x 4h 19.5 oz
spinetoram x x x x x x E E x 1d 6
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x x x x x 4-6 fl x x 4h 29 fl oz
oz
spinosad x x x x x x G x x 1d 6
Hero (1.24EC) (RUP) 3A x x x x x x x x 10.3 fl 12h 27.4 fl oz
oz
bifenthrin + zeta-permethrin x x x x x x x x F 3d 2
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x x x x x x x 31 fl oz 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl x x x x x x x x G 1d 2
M-Pede UN 0.25 x x x x x x x x 12h NA
-4%
potassium salts of fatty acids E x x x x x x x x 0d NA
Magister (1.7SC) 21A x x x x x x x x 32-36 12h 36 fl oz
fl oz
fenazaquin x x x x x x x x u 7d 1
Malathion 5EC 1B x 3 pt x x x x x 3 pt x 12h 9.6 pt
malathion x G x x x x x G x 1d 3
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 3A x 4 fl oz x x x x 4 fl oz x x 12h 24 fl oz
zeta-cypermethrin x E x x x x E x x 1d 6
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) UN x 7-16 fl oz x x x x x 7-16 fl x 4h NA
oz
azadirachtin x u x x x x x u x 0d NA
(Continued)

215
Table 8-7. Insecticides labeled for management at post-bloom through harvest1 (continued)

Japanese beetle

spotted-wing

two-spotted
spider mite
broad mite

green June

Drosophila
cane borer
rednecked
plant bugs

sap beetle

stink bug
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

thrips
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Pyganic 5EC 3A x 4.5-15.61 4.5- x x 4.5- 4.5- 4.5- x 12h NA
fl oz 15.61 fl 15.61 15.61 fl 15.61 fl
oz fl oz oz oz
pyrethrins x i F x x i F i x 0d 10
Savey 50DF 10A x x x x x x x x 4-6 oz 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox x x x x x x x x E 3d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A x 1-2 qt 1.5-2 x x x x x x 12h 10 qt
qt
carbaryl x G G x x i x x x 7d NA
Surround WP (95WP) UN x 25-50 lb x x x x x 25-50 x 4h NA
lb
kaolin x u x x x x x u x 0d NA
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x x x x x x x 2-3 oz 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x x x x x x x E 0d 1

Raspberry and Blackberry Post-harvest – • When applying any fungicide after harvest, take
into account maximum rate allowed.
Diseases • For best control of Phytophthora, the last fall appli-
Disease management notes cation of Aliette should be made at least 30 days
• Apply fall spray of any fungicide after old canes are prior to leaf drop.
removed.

Table 8-8. Fungicides for disease management at post-harvest1

raspberry
Product and cane leaf spot/ rusts
formulation FRAC blight/spur septoria leaf Botrytis (orange and powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose blight spot fruit rot late leaf) mildew PHI4 Max amt6
Abound (SC) 11 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz x 10-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 fl oz 4h 92.3 fl oz
azoxystrobin E E E G E E 0d 9
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 14 oz 12h 56 oz
pyraclostrobin E E E s s E 0d NA
Captan 80WDG M4 2.5 lb 2.5 lb x 2.5 lb x x 48h 12.5 lb
captan G G s G x x 3d NA
Captec 4L M4 0.75-1 qt/100 0.75-1 x 0.75-1 x x 72h 35 qt
gal qt/100 gal qt/100 gal
captan G G x G x x 3d NA
CaptEvate 68WDG M+17 3.5 lb 3.5 lb x 3.5 lb x x 48h 21 lb.
captan + fenhexamid G G x E G x 30d NA
Elevate 50WDG 17 x x x 1.5 lb x x 12h 6 lb.
fenhexamid x x x E x x 0d NA
(Continued)
216
Table 8-8. Fungicides for disease management at post-harvest1 (continued)
raspberry
Product and cane leaf spot/ rusts
formulation FRAC blight/spur septoria leaf Botrytis (orange and powdery REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 anthracnose blight spot fruit rot late leaf) mildew PHI4 Max amt6
Fontelis 7 x x x 1-2 pts x x 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x x x E x G 0d NA
JMS Stylet Oil M x x x x 3-6 qt 3-6 qt 4h NA
mineral oil x x x x F F NL NA
Kenja 400SC 7 x x x 13.5-15.5 x 13.5-15.5 12h 54 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
Isofetamid u x x G u E 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 fl oz 4.8-6.4 fl oz x 4.8-6.4 fl oz 12 h 13.7 fl oz
fluopyram x F G E x E 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl oz x 13.6-27 12h 54.7 fl oz
fl oz
fluopyram + x x u E x G 0d NA
pyrimethanil
OSO 5%SC 19 6.5-13 fl oz x x 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 6.5-13 fl oz 4h 78 fl oz
polyoxin D u x x F-G u G 0d 6
Pristine 38WG 11+7 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 12h 92 oz
pyraclostrobin + E E E E[r] S E 0d 4
boscalid
Prolivo 300SC U8 x x x x x 4-5 fl oz 4h 16 fl oz
pyriofenone x x x x x E 0d NA
Quilt Xcel 11+3 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz x 14-21 fl oz 14-21 fl oz 12h 63 fl oz
azoxystrobin + G G G G G G 30d 3
propiconazole
Rally 40WSP 3 x x x x 1.25-3 oz 1.25-3 oz 24h 10 oz
myclobutanil x x x x E E 0d NA
Rovral 4F 2 x x x 2 pt x x 24h 8 pt.
iprodione x x x E[r] x x 0d 4
Sulfur 80WDG M x x x x x 6-15 lb 24h varies
sulfur x x x x x u 0d NA
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz x x 11-14 oz x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil u x x G x x 0d 2
Tanos (DW) 11+27 x 8-10 oz 8-10 oz x x x 12h 72 oz
famoxadone + x G G x x x 0d NA
cymoxanil
Tilt (EC) 3 x 6 fl oz x x 6 fl oz 6 fl oz 12h 30 fl oz
propiconazole x u x x E E 30d 5

217
Raspberry and Blackberry Post-harvest –
Insects
Insect management notes
• Apply insecticides for borer control during October
and November.

Table 8-9. Insecticides labeled for management at post-harvest1

Product and formulation raspberry crown REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code 2
borer PHI4 Max app6
Altacor (35WG) 28 3-4.5 oz 4h 9 oz
chlorantraniliprole G 3d NA
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A 16 oz 12h 32 oz
bifenthrin E 3d NA
Hero (1.24EC) (RUP) 3A 10.3 fl oz 12h 27.4 fl oz
bifenthrin + zeta-permethrin u 3d 2

Special Comments on Raspberry and significantly reduced broad mite on blackberry include
Microthiol Disperss wettable sulfur (10 pounds per
Blackberry Schedule acre), 2% JMS Stylet-Oil, and 1% M-Pede. For these
Spotted-wing Drosophila products, check safety to blooms by testing a few
plants prior to broad application, and do not apply if
See page 181 (under Grapes). temperatures are expected to exceed 90°F. See labels
for use and rate recommendations.
Broad mite For more information about broad mites, including
The broad mite damages the bud, leaf, or flower. This photos, see Managing Broad Mite in Southeastern
feeding injects a toxin that stunts growth, curls and Caneberry Plantings at: https://smallfruits.org/2021/
bronzes leaves, and often kills terminal and lateral leaf 04/managing-broad-mite-in-southeastern-caneberry
and flower buds. Broad mites have damaged flori- -plantings
cane-fruiting blackberry cultivars. Infested floricanes
have delayed bud break and low vigor in spring. Broad Brown marmorated stink bug
mites can be found on terminal floricane leaves from
April through harvest. Primocane terminals can also The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB) has an ex-
become infested. These symptoms are similar to those tremely wide host range and is a pest of all small fruit.
of fire blight. BMSB is attracted to fruits throughout much of the
growing season. It has piercing sucking mouthparts,
The mite overwinters under blackberry bud scales and which cause injury that may appear as sunken areas
in the soil and in litter under plants. Eggs are oval and on the fruit.
spotted (0.08 mm long). Broad mites are oval and vary
from small white immatures to amber adults (0.2mm) Actara, Brigade, Danitol, and Lannate have shown
with white hourglass mark on back of females. good efficacy in trials; however, multiple applications
may be needed for reinfestations.
From late May through fall in Arkansas, you can find
a buildup of broad mites on the terminal leaves of
emerging primocanes. In more northern states, broad
Raspberry cane maggot
mite numbers increase and damage appears later in The raspberry cane maggot causes wilted tips in May.
the summer or early fall. Cut off wilted tips a few inches below the girdle when
The only recommended miticide is Agri-Mek. One first seen. Destroy the removed tips.
application has reduced and maintained broad mite
numbers to near zero for up to a month. Additional ap- Rednecked cane borer
plications may be needed if mite numbers resurge. You Scout for galls before or during the dormant period.
can reapply Agri-Mek once and then you must rotate Prune out galled canes and burn, bury, or otherwise
to a different mode of action. Other products that have destroy them to kill overwintered larvae. If more than 5

218
percent of all canes have galls, an insecticide applica- Stunting can occur in infected plants even when foliar
tion immediately after bloom may be warranted. symptoms are not visible. The disease is most severe
Adults begin to emerge in May or June. Begin scouting during wet weather. Purchase plants from a reputable
plantings during bloom by looking for adult beetles nursery and inspect them for signs or symptoms of
active during daylight hours. Begin insecticide applica- downy mildew before planting. Early symptoms in-
tion(s) after bloom has ended and bees are no longer clude light green to yellow leaves with brown to red
present. Apply Admire Pro via drip or trickle chemiga- spots, stunting, and red streaking on the stems and
tion or in a soil drench in a minimum of 500 gallons petioles. Fungicides containing mefenoxam, oxyth-
of water per acre. Do not apply pre-bloom or during iapiprolin or potassium phosphite provide the best
bloom or when bees are actively foraging. level of control. Applications of potassium phosphite
can result in phosphorous deficiencies; a balanced
nutritional program therefore should be followed and
Phytophthora root rot monitored.
Ridomil Gold SL, Ridomil Gold GR, Ridomil/Copper,
Orondis Gold B, and Orondis Gold 200 are all labeled Orange rust
for control of Phytophthora root rot on brambles. See
the labels for more detailed information on application All cultivars of black and purple raspberries and most
rates and timing. erect and trailing blackberries are very susceptible to
orange rust. Unlike all other fungi infecting brambles,
Note: Do not apply Ridomil within 45 days before this fungus grows systemically throughout the roots,
harvest, or illegal residues may result. See the label for crowns, and shoots of infected plants and is perenni-
more detailed information. al in belowground plant parts. Plants do not die but
Many phosphorous acid fungicides are registered become stunted and weakened, producing little to no
for Phytophthora root rot control on blackberry and fruit. Key control methods include cultural practices
raspberry, and they all essentially all have the same such as removing infected plants early in the spring
active ingredient. All are foliar sprays. They are highly and eradicating nearby wild brambles. Alternate Rally
systemic and move rapidly into leaves and are translo- with Abound (or another axozystrobin product), Cab-
cated in the plant to the crown and roots. Recommen- rio, or Pristine in the spray program to prevent fungi-
dations for use vary among products. See labels for cide resistance development.
use recommendations and restrictions.
Raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf spot of
Blackberry rosette or double blossom blackberry and raspberry
Rosette is caused by the fungus Cercosporella rubi. It The incidence of raspberry leaf spot and Septoria leaf
is a serious disease of blackberry in the southern Mid- spot appears to be increasing across the Midwest. If
west (Arkansas, Kentucky, Missouri, and Oklahoma). It not controlled, they can result in severe defoliation of
is a minor disease of raspberries. Products containing the plant.
azoxystrobin (e.g., Abound, Satori, Acadia 2SC, etc.),
Quilt Xcel, and Cover XL are labeled for control on The strobilurin fungicides (Abound, Cabrio, Pristine)
blackberry; however, chemical control of this disease provide good control of both diseases. Abound is
under heavy disease pressure has not been successful. registered for control of raspberry leaf spot and Septoria
One cultural practice for infected sites is to mow the leaf spot. Some fungicide trials have shown that Captan
planting down before flowering to eliminate spore re- and Rally also provide some level of control. Post-
lease and infection of emerging primocanes. Although harvest (late-season) applications are important for
this sacrifices one year of production, the practice may controlling these leaf diseases. Most defoliation
provide short-term control. resulting from these diseases occurs later in the
season (post-harvest).
Varieties vary in susceptibility. Apache, Ouachita, and
Triple Crown are resistant. Chester, Hull, and Navaho
are tolerant. Chickasaw, Choctaw, Kiowa, Shawnee, Fungicide resistance management
and Illini Hardy are highly susceptible. Other cultivars Elevate, Rovral, Switch, and Pristine should not be
differ in susceptibility, but all become infected over used alone for season-long control of Botrytis fruit rot,
time. because some Botrytis cinerea strains may develop
resistance to these fungicides. Adding (tank mixing)
Blackberry downy mildew Captan to Elevate, Rovral, Switch, or Pristine should
enhance disease control and help prevent fungicide
Blackberry downy mildew is caused by the fungus-like resistance development. Rotating these fungicides in
water mold Peronospora sparsa. The pathogen spreads blocks of one or two sprays is a good resistance man-
systemically and infects both the leaves and fruit. agement strategy.
219
Effectiveness of Insecticides and Miticides for Brambles1

green June/Japanese beetle

spotted-wing Drosophila

two-spotted spider mite

raspberry crown borer

rednecked cane borer

raspberry fruitworm

strawberry clipper
raspberry sawfly

rose chafer
broad mite

plant bugs

sap beetle
stink bugs
leafrollers
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

thrips
Active ingredient code2 PHI
4
Max app6
Acramite 50WS 12h 2 lb
20D x x x x x x x x x x x x x x G
bifenazate 1d 2
Actara (25WDG) 12h 6 oz
4A x G x G x x x x x x G x x x x
thiamethoxam 3d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 12h 14 fl oz
4A x x x x x x x G x x x x x F x
imidacloprid 7d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 12h 10.25 fl oz
6 E x x x x x x x x x x x x x E
abamectin 7d NA
Altacor (35WG) 4h 9 oz
28 x x E x G x x x x x x x x x x
chlorantraniliprole 3d NA
Asana XL (0.66EC) (RUP) 12h 28.8 fl oz
3A x x x E x x x x x x G x x x x
esfenvalerate 7d NA
Assail 30SG 12h 26.7 oz
4A x G x G x u x x x G x x x u x
acetamiprid 1d 5
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 12h 32 oz
3A x x E E E x x x x E E E E x F
bifenthrin 3d NA
Confirm 2F 4h 64 fl oz
18 x x E x x x x x x x x x x x x
tebufenozide 14d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 32 fl oz
3A x E E E x x x x x G E x E x F
fenpropathrin 3d NA
Delegate WG (25WG) 4h 19.5 oz
5 x x E x x E G x x F x x E E x
spinetoram 1d 6
Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) 4h NA
(Agree, Dipel, etc.) 11 x x F x x x x x x x x x x x x
B. thuringiensis 0d NA
Entrust SC (2SC) 4h 29 fl oz
5 x x G x x G G x x x x x x x x
spinosad 1d 6
Hero (1.24EC) 12h 27.4 oz
3A x x G x u x x x x x x x x x F
bifenthrin + zeta-permethrin 3d 2
Intrepid 2F 4h 48 fl oz
18 x x G x x x x x x x x x x x x
methoxyfenozide 3d 3
Kanemite 15SC 12h 62 fl oz
20B x x x x x x x x x x x x x x G
acequinocyl 1d 2
Knack (0.86EC) 12h 32 fl oz
7C x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
pyriproxyfen 7d NA
(Continued)

220
Effectiveness of Insecticides and Miticides for Brambles1 (continued)

green June/Japanese beetle

spotted-wing Drosophila

two-spotted spider mite

raspberry crown borer

rednecked cane borer

raspberry fruitworm

strawberry clipper
raspberry sawfly

rose chafer
broad mite

plant bugs

sap beetle
stink bugs
leafrollers
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

thrips
Active ingredient code2 PHI
4
Max app6
M-Pede 12h NA
UN E x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
potassium salts of fatty acids 0d NA
Malathion 12h 9 pt
1B x G x x x x x x G x x x G G x
malathion 1d 3
Mustang Maxx (0.83EC) (RUP) 12h 24 fl oz
3A x E E x x x x x x x E x E x x
zeta-cypermethrin 1d 6
Neemix 4.5 (0.39L) 4h NA
UN x u u x x x x x u x x x x u x
azadirachtin 0d NA
Pyganic 5EC; 1.4EC 12h NA
3A x i F F x F i x F x i x F i x
pyrethrins 0d NA
Savey 50DF 12h 6 oz
10A x x x x x x x x x x x x x x E
hexythiazox 3d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 12h 10 qt
1A x G G G x i G x G x i x G x x
carbaryl 7d NA
Surround WP (95WP) 4h NA
UN x u u x x x x x u x x x x u x
kaolin 0d NA
Zeal (72WP) 12h 3 oz
10B x x x x x x x x x x x x x x E
etoxazole 0d 1
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

221
Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Bramble Diseases1

Raspberry leaf spot /

Rusts (orange and

Septoria leaf spot
Cane blight/spur

Powdery mildew
Botrytis fruit rot

Phytophthora
Anthracnose

late leaf)

root rot
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

blight
Active ingredient code2 PHI
4
Max app6
Abound (SC) 4h 92.3 fl oz
11 E E G G E E x
azoxystrobin 0d 9
Aliette WDG 12h NA
33 x x x x x x E
fosetyl-AL 60d 4
Badge SC 48h 35.2 pt
M F F F x F x x
copper sulfate + oxychloride 0d NA
basic copper sulfate 12h varies
M F F F x x i x
copper sulfate 0d NA
Cabrio EG (20EG) 12h 56 oz
11 E E E s s E x
pyraclostrobin 0d NA
Captan 80WDG 48h 12.5
M4 G F F G x x x
captan 3d NA
Captec 4L 72h 35 qt
M4 G G F G x x x
captan 3d NA
CaptEvate 68WDG 48h 21 lb
M+17 G G G E G x x
captan + fenhexamid 30d NA
Elevate 50WDG 12h 6 lb
17 x x x E x x x
fenhexamid 0d NA
Kenja 400SC 12h 54 fl oz
7 x x x E x s x
Isofetamid 0d NA
Kocide 3000 48h 28.6 lb
M x F x x x x u
copper hydroxide 0d NA
Luna Privilege 12 h 13.7 fl oz
7 x x G E x E x
fluopyram 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 12h 54.7 fl oz
7+9 G x E x x G x
fluopyram + pyrimethanil 0d 0d
Nordox 24h 24 lb
M F F x x x x x
cuprous oxide 0d NA
Orondis Gold 200 4h 19.2 fl oz
U15 x i x x x x E
oxathiapiprolin 1d 2
OSO 5%SC 4h 78 fl oz
19 x x x E x G x
polyoxin D 0d 6
Pristine 38WG 12h 92 oz
11+7 E E E E s E x
pyraclostrobin + boscalid 0d 4
Prolivo 300SC 4h 16 fl oz
U8 x u x x x E x
pyriofenone 0d NA
(Continued)

222
Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Bramble Diseases1 (continued)

Raspberry leaf spot /

Rusts (orange and

Septoria leaf spot
Cane blight/spur

Powdery mildew
Botrytis fruit rot

Phytophthora
Anthracnose

late leaf)

root rot
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

blight
Active ingredient code2 PHI
4
Max app6
Phostrol 4h varies
33 x u x x x x E
phosphorous acid 0d 4
Quilt Xcel 12h 63 fl oz
11+3 E E E G G G x
azoxystrobin + propiconazole 30d 3
Rally 40WSP 24h 10 oz
3 x x x x E E x
myclobutanil 0d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 48h 3.6 pt
4 x x x x x x E
mefenoxam 45d 1
Rovral 4F 24h 8 pt
2 x x x E x x x
iprodione 0d 4
Sulforix 48h varies
M E G G x x x x
calcium polysulfide 0d NA
sulfur 24h varies
M G x x x x F x
sulfur 0d NA
Switch 62.5WG 12h 56 oz
9+12 x u x E x x x
cyprodinil + fludioxonil 0d 2
Tanos (DW) 12h 72 oz
11+27 s G G x x x x
famoxadone + cymoxanil 0d NA
Tilt (EC) 12h 30 fl oz
3 x G x x E E x
propiconazole 30d 5
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

223
 9. STRAWBERRY
Strawberry Spray Schedule All fungicides/insecticides have a Restricted-Entry
4

Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time

Section Editors: immediately after a pesticide application when entry
Entomology: C. Guedot and R. Bessin
Plant Pathology: J. Beckerman and M. Heller-Haas
into the treated area is limited. Check labels for REI.
Horticulture: E. Wahle Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pes-
ticides during harvest.
How to read the spray schedule tables Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of
Every strawberry growth stage has important notes product per season AND maximum number of appli-
on disease or insect management. In some cases, the cations.
reader will be directed to the special problems section 5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/
at the end of the section or chapter. Please make sure acre/year.
to read thoroughly and contact your state Extension 6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of
specialist with any specific questions. applications per year.
Key to tables
E = excellent control Strawberry Pre-plant – Diseases
G = good control • Recent research on the role of dips in disease
F = fair control management have shown inconsistent results.
[r] = fungicide/insecticide resistance possible The information is included but not necessarily
s = suppression only recommended. Starting with disease-free plants
i = ineffective and plugs are essential for successful strawberry
u = unknown efficacy production and these treatments will not rescue
x = pest not on the label infected plants.
• Wash excess soil from roots prior to dipping. Dip or
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials expose plants for label recommended time. Drain
conducted across various regions and does not neces- transplants after dip, and plant as quickly as possi-
sarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over ble. Do not reuse solution and dispose of solution
time. Growers should contact their Extension special- as per local regulations.
ist for the most recent or for state-specific information.
The information on this publication is only a guide; the • When dipping with Abound and Switch, submerge
authors and their institutions assume no liability for plants for 2-5 min; when using, Aliette and Ram-
practices implemented based on this information. Al- part, dip for 15-30 min.
ways read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the • Labeled rates of Aliette differ between dips and
law. Product registration may vary by state. foliar application.
2
F/IRAC code represents the mode of action of the
fungicide/insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the
number of days before harvest that the product may
not be applied.

224
Table 9-1. Fungicide application at planting1
Product and formulation red stele REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient FRAC code2 anthracnose crown (Phytophthora) PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 5-8 fl oz 5-8 fl oz 4h 61.5 fl oz
azoxystrobin G[r] E 0d NA
Aliette WDG 33 x 2.5 lb/100 gal 12h 30 lb
aluminum tris x E 1d NA
Phostrol 33 x 2.5–5 pt/100 gal 4h NA
phosphorous acid x E NA NA
Prophyte 33 x 2 pt/100 gal 4h varies
phosphorous acid x x NA 4
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 5-8 oz /100 gal x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil G x 0d NA

Strawberry Early Spring (Pre-bloom) – a second application in the fall. For supplemental
control of leather rot, an application may be made
Diseases at fruit set.
Apply when new leaves are expanding and blossom • Several phosphorous acid fungicides are labeled
buds are visible. for control of red stele and leather rot. They all
Disease management notes have essentially the same active ingredient. These
• Ridomil is labeled for control of red stele, caused products include Agri-Fos, Aliette, ProPhyt, Phos-
by Phytophthora fragariae, and leather rot, caused trol, and Rampart. These materials are highly
by Phytophthora cactorum. Treatment for perennial systemic as foliar sprays for leather rot control or
strawberries includes one application in the spring as root dip for red stele control. Rates, recommen-
after the ground thaws and before first bloom, and dations for use, and prices vary among products.

Table 9-2. Strawberry prebloom disease management recommendations1

(Mycosphaerella)
angular leaf spot

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight

red stele
leaf spot
crown

Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Abound (SC) 11 x 5-8 fl oz x x x 6-15.5 fl oz x 4h NA
azoxystrobin x G[r] x x x G x 4h NA
Actiguard 50WG 21 0.5-0.75 x x x x x x 12h 6 oz
oz
Acibenzolar-S-methyl: s x x x x x x 0d NA
Aftershock/Evito 480SC 11 x 2-5.7 fl oz x x x 2-5.7 fl oz x 12h 22.8 fl oz
fluoxastrobin x G x x x G x 1d 4
Aliette WDG 33 x x x x x x 2.5-5 lb 12h 30 lb
aluminum tris x x x x x x E 1d NA
Badge SC M 1-2.25 pt x 1 – 2.25 pt 2-2.25 pt x 1-2.25 pt x 48h 28.9 pt
copper sulfate + oxychloride F x F F x F x 0d NA
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 x 12-14 oz x x 12-14 oz 12-14 oz 12-14 oz 12h 70 oz
pyraclostrobin x E x x G E E 0d NA
(Continued)

225
Table 9-2. Strawberry prebloom disease management recommendations1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
angular leaf spot

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight

red stele
leaf spot
crown
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Captan (80WDG) M x 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb x x 24h 30 lb
captan x E G G G x x 0d NA
Cuprofix Ultra 40 disperss M 1.2-2.5 lb x 1.2-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb 1.2-2.5 lb x x 12h 20.5 lb
copper sulfate F x F F F x x 0d NA
Cuproxat FL M 2.5-5 pt x 2.5-5 pt 2.5-5 pt 2.5-5 pt x x 48 h NA
tribasic copper sulfate F x F F F x x NA NA
Elevate 50WDG 17 x x x x x x x 4h 6 lb
fenhexamid x x x x x x x 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 x 2.5-3 fl oz 2.5-3 fl oz x x 2.5-3 fl oz x 12h 18 fl oz
trifloxystrobin x G G x x G x 0d 6
Fontelis (SC) 7 x 16-24 oz x x x 16-24 oz x 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad x G x x x E x 0d NA
Intuity (SC) 11 x x x x x 6 fl oz x 12h 12 fl oz
mandestrobin x x x x x s(E) x 0d 2
Kenja 400SC 7 x 13.5-15.5 x x x x x 12h 54 fl oz
fl oz
isofetamid x i x x x x x 0d NA
Kocide 3000 M 0.75-1.25 x 0.75-1.25 lb 0.75-1.25 0.75-1.25 x x 48h 27.3 lb
lb lb lb
copper hydroxide F x F F F x x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 x 3.2-6.8 x x 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 x 12 h 13.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
fluopyram x G x x G G x NL 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 x 4-7.6 fl oz x x 4-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 fl oz E 12h 27.1 fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin x E x x G E 4-7.6 fl 0d NA
oz
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 16-27 fl oz x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl oz x 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x x G x G E x 1d NA
Merivon 7+11 x 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz x 12h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + fluxopyroxad x E E G E F x 0d 3
Mettle 125ME 3 x x 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 3-5 oz x 12h 20 fl oz
tetraconazole x x E G G E x 0d 4
Miravis Prime 7+12 x 9.1-13.4 oz 9.1-13.4 oz x x 9.1-13.4 oz x 12 h 27.2 oz
pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil x E G x x G x 0d 4
Nordox 75G M x x 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb x x 12h NA
cuprous oxide x x F F F x x NA NA
Orondis Gold 200 49+4 x x x x x x 20-62 48 h 124 fl oz
fl oz
oxathiapiprolin + mefenoxam x x x x x x E 28d 2
(Continued)
226
Table 9-2. Strawberry prebloom disease management recommendations1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
angular leaf spot

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight

red stele
leaf spot
crown
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
PhD 19 x 6.2 oz x x x 6.2 oz x 4h NA
polyoxin D x G x x x G x 0d NA
Prophyte 33 x x x x x x 2 pt/100 4h 4 pt
gal
phosphorous acid x x x x x x G NA varies
Phostrol 33 x x x x x x G 4h NA
phosphorous acid x x x x x x 2.5-5 NA NA
pt/100
gal
Protocol (L) 1+3 x 1.3 pt x x 1.3 pt 1.3 pt x 24h 5.3 pt
thiophanate-methyl + x G[r] x x G[r] G[r] x 1d NA
propiconazole
Pristine 11+7 x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 12h 115 oz
oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid x G G x G E E 0d 5
ProBlad Verde M12 x x x x x 20.5-24.4 x 4h NA
fl oz
Banda de Lupinus alba doce x x x x x F x 1d 5
Procure 480SC 3 x x x x x 4-8 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
triflumizole x x x x x G x 1d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 x 12-14 fl oz x x 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz x 12h 56 fl oz
difenoconazole + x G x x G G x 0d 4
azoxystrobin
Quilt Xcel (SE) 11+3 x 14 fl oz x x 14 fl oz 15 fl oz x 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole x G x x G E x 0d 4
Quintec 28F 13 x x x x x 4-6 fl oz x 24h 24 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x x x E x 1d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 x x 2.5-5 oz x 2.5-5 oz 2.5-5 oz x 24h 30 oz
myclobutanil x x F x G E x 0d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x x x x x x E[r] 48h 1.5 lb
mefenoxam x x x x x x 1 pt 0d 3
Rovral 4F 2 x 2 pt 2 pt x 2 pt x x 24h NA
iprodione x u u x u x x 0d 1
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 x 11-14 oz x x 11-14 oz x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil x G x x F x x 0d NA
Thiram (65WP), Thiram M x 4.4 lb x x x 4.4 lb x 24h NA
Granuflow
thiram x F x x x G x 1d 5
(Continued)

227
Table 9-2. Strawberry prebloom disease management recommendations1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
angular leaf spot

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight

red stele
leaf spot
crown
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Tilt (EC) 3 x x x x 4 fl oz 5 fl oz x 12h 16 fl oz
propiconazole x x x x G G x 0d NA
Topguard EQ (SC) 3+11 x 5-8 oz x x x 5-8 oz 5-8 oz 12h 32 fl oz
azoxystrobin + flutriafol x G x x x E u 0d 4
Topsin-M WSB 1 x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb x 24h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl x G i x G i[r] x 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x x 3.4 fl oz x 4h 7.2 oz
cyflufenamid x x x x x E x 3d 2

Strawberry Pre-bloom – Insects thrips per blossom. Treat before widespread bloom
draws pollinators.
• Do not apply insecticides during bloom to protect
bees and other pollinators. • For spittle bug, tarnished plant bug: If a problem,
apply when buds first become visible, and make
• Watch for clipper when flower buds start coming a second application just before the first bloom
out of the crown and when temperatures approach opens.
65˚F. Treat if the number of clipped buds per
row-yard is 3 or more primary buds, or 30 or more • Admire Pro cannot be applied within 10 days prior
secondary or tertiary buds. Infestations begin at to bloom or when bees are foraging.
field edge so border spray is often sufficient. • Diazinon AG600 allows for one foliar and one soil
• For Eastern flower thrips: Sample when first application per year.
blossom buds begin to open. Threshold is 2-10

Table 9-3. Insect pest recommendations for pre-bloom through bloom1

Product and eastern
formulation IRAC cyclamen flower spider tarnished REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 clipper mite thrips mite spittlebug plant bug thrips PHI4 Max app6
Acramite 50WS 20D x x x 0.75-1 lb x x x 12h NA
bifenazate x x x E x x x 1d 1
Actara (25WDG) 4A x x x x x 4 oz x 12h 12 oz
thiamethoxam x x x x x s x 3d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x x x 1.3 fl oz x x 12h 3.9/14 fl
oz
imidacloprid x x x x G x x 7 or NA
14d
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) 6 x 3.5 oz x 3.5 oz x x x 12h 14 fl oz
(RUP)
abamectin x G x E x x x 3d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A x x 27 fl oz x x 27 fl oz 27 fl oz 12h 81 fl oz
tolfenpyrad x x x u x u u 1d 3
(Continued)

228
Table 9-3. Insect pest recommendations for pre-bloom through bloom1 (continued)
Product and eastern
formulation IRAC cyclamen flower spider tarnished REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 clipper mite thrips mite spittlebug plant bug thrips PHI4 Max app6
Assail 30SG 4A x x 4-6.9 oz x 1.9-6.9 oz 1.9-6.9 oz 4-6.9 oz 12h 13.8 oz
acetamiprid x x G x G G E 1d 2
Beleaf 50SG 29 x x x x x 2.8 oz x 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid x x x x x E x 0d 2
Brigade WSB (10WP) 3A 6.4-32 oz x x 16-32 oz 6.4-32 oz 6.4-32 oz x 12h 80 oz
(RUP)
bifenthrin E x x F E E x 0d NA
Closer SC 4C x x 4.5 fl oz x x 2.7–4.5 oz x 12h 17 oz
sulfoxaflor x x s x x u x 1d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz x 16-21.3 fl oz 10.6 fl oz 10.6 fl oz x 24h See label
fenpropathrin E u x F u u x 3d See label
Diazinon AG600 WBC 1B x 25.5 oz x 12.75 fl oz x x x 3d 25.5 fl oz
(RUP) /100 g
diazinon x G x F x x x 5d 1
Dibrom 8E (RUP) 1B x x 1 pt 1 pt 1 pt 1 pt x 2d 5 pt
naled x x u u u u x 1d 5
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x x 4-6 fl oz x x x 4-6 fl oz 4h 18 fl oz
spinosad x x G x x x x 1d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 x x 13.5-20.5 x x x x 12h 61.5 fl oz
fl oz
cyantraniliprole x x s x x x x 1d NA
Grandevo UN x 2-3 lb 2-3 lb 2-3 lb x 2-3 lb x 4h NA
Chromobacterium x u u u x u x 0d NA
subtsugae
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x x 21-31 fl oz x x x 12h 62 fl oz
acequinocyl x x x E x x x 1d 2
Malathion 5EC 1B x x 1.5-3.2 pt 1.5-3.2 pt 1.5-3.2 pt 1.5-3.2 pt x 12h 12.8 pt
malathion x x s u u u x 3d 4
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x x 13.7 fl oz x x x 12h 27.4 fl oz
cyflumetofen x x x G x x x 1d 2
Nexter (75WP) 21 x x x 4.4-10.6 x x x 12h 21.34 oz
oz
pyridaben x x x G x x x 1d 2
Oberon 2SC 23 x x x 12-16 fl oz x x x 12h 48 fl oz
spiromesifen x x x G x x x 3d 3
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x 2 pt x 2 pt x x x 12h 4 pt
fenpyroximate x G x E x x x 1d 2
Radiant SC (1SC) 5 x x 6-10 fl oz x x x 6-10 oz 4h 30 fl oz
spinetoram x x G x x x x 1d 3
Rimon 0.83EC 15 x x 6-12 fl oz x x 9-12 fl oz x 12h 36 fl oz
novaluron x x u x x E x 1d NA
(Continued)
229
Table 9-3. Insect pest recommendations for pre-bloom through bloom1 (continued)
Product and eastern
formulation IRAC cyclamen flower spider tarnished REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 clipper mite thrips mite spittlebug plant bug thrips PHI4 Max app6
Savey 50DF 10A x x x 6 oz x x x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox x x x E x x x 3d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1-2 qt x x x x 1.5-2 qt x 12h 10 qt
carbaryl G x x x x G x 7d 5
Transform WG 4C x x 2.2 oz x x 1.5-2.2 oz x 24h 8.5 oz
sulfoxaflor x x s x x u x 1d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x x 1.5-2 lb x x x 2d 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x x G x x x 1d 2
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x x 2-3 oz x x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x x E x x x 1d 1

Strawberry Early Bloom through Bloom – last year, or is detected this growing season, con-
sider an intensified fungicide spray program.
Diseases • Captan and copper both pose a risk of phytotoxicity
Apply from 5-10% bloom until flowers have finished at bloom. Take care to avoid tank mixing, particularly
blooming. with other products that have EC or SC formulations.
Disease management notes • Captan is the standard for anthracnose control but
• Carefully examine FRAC codes to confirm that is not as effective as Abound, Cabrio, or Pristine.
fungicide rotations use different FRAC classes. For However, little to no risk of fungicide resistance is
example, Abound, Cabrio, Pristine, Luna Sensation, associated with it. Switch is also reported to have
Merivon and one component of Quilt Xcel are all in some activity against anthracnose. Therefore,
the same class of chemistry (FRAC 11) and cannot alternate Captan or Switch with other fungicides
be alternated with each other as a fungicide resis- for best control.
tance management strategy. • Botrytis fungicide resistance to the FRAC 7 and 11
• Anthracnose can be severe on both green and ripe fungicides has been reported in botrytis in many
(red) strawberry fruit. The disease is favored by strawberry producing states, but has not confirmed
high temperatures accompanied by rainfall before in the Midwest. Resistance to FRAC 1 has been a
and during harvest. If anthracnose was a problem longstanding issue.

Table 9-4. Disease management during bloom1

(Mycosphaerella)
anthracnose fruit

powdery mildew
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight
gray mold
(Botrytis)

leaf spot
crown

Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

rot

Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6

Abound (SC) 11 5-8 fl oz x 6-15.5 fl oz x x x 6-15.5 4h 61.5 fl oz
fl oz
azoxystrobin G[r] x s x x x G 0d NA
Aftershock/Evito 480SC 11 2-5.7 fl 2-5.7 fl oz x x x x 2-5.7 fl 12h 22.8 fl oz
oz oz
fluoxastrobin G G x x x x G 1d NA
(Continued)

230
Table 9-4. Disease management during bloom1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
anthracnose fruit

powdery mildew
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight
gray mold
(Botrytis)

leaf spot
crown
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 12-14 oz 12-14 oz 12-14 oz x x 12-14 oz 12-14 oz 12h 70 oz
pyraclostrobin E G G x x G E 0d NA
Captan (80WDG) M 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb x 24h 30 lb
captan E G G G G G x 0d NA
Elevate 50WDG 17 x x 1.5 lb x x x x 4h 6 lb
fenhexamid x x E[r] x x x x 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3 2.5-3 fl oz 2.5-3 fl oz 2.5-3 fl oz x x 2.5-3 12h 18 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
trifloxystrobin G E G G x x G 0d NA
Fontelis (SC) 7 16-24 oz 16-24 oz 16-24 oz x x x 16-24 12h 72 fl oz
oz
penthiopyrad G E E x x x E 0d NA
Intuity (SC) 11 x x 6 fl oz x x x 6 fl oz 12h 12 fl oz
mandestrobin x x E x x x s-E 0d 2
Kenja 400SC 7 13.5-15.5 13.5-15.5 13.5-15.5 x x x x 12h 54 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
isofetamid i i E x x x x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 x x 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 12 h 13.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
fluopyram G G E x x G G NL 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 4-7.6 4-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 fl oz x x 4-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 12h 27.1 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin E x G x x G E 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl oz x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl 12h 54.7 fl oz
oz
fluopyram + pyrimethanil x x E G x G E 1d NA
Merivon 7+11 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 12h 33 fl oz
fl oz
pyraclostrobin + fluxopyroxad E E E E G E F 0d 3
Mettle 125ME 3 x x x 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 12h 20 fl oz
tetraconazole x x x G G G E 0d 4
Miravis Prime 7+12 9.1-13.4 9.1-13.4 oz 9.1-13.4 oz 9.1-13.4 oz x x 9.1-13.4 12 h 27.2 oz
oz oz
pydiflumetofen+fludioxonil E E E G x x G 0d 4
Nordox 75G M x x x 3-5 lb 3-5 lb 3-5 lb x 12h NA
cuprous oxide x x x F F F x NA NA
PhD 19 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 6.2 oz x x x 6.2 oz 4h NA
polyoxin D G G E x x x G 0d NA
(Continued)

231
Table 9-4. Disease management during bloom1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
anthracnose fruit

powdery mildew
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight
gray mold
(Botrytis)

leaf spot
crown
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Protocol (L) 1+3 1.3 pt 1.3 pt 1.3 pt x x 1.3 pt 1.3 pt 24h 5.3 pt.
thiophanate-methyl + G[r] G[r] G[r] x x G[r] G[r] 1d NA
propiconazole
Pristine 11+7 18.5-23 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 12h 115 oz
oz oz
pyraclostrobin + boscalid G E E G x G E 0d 5
ProBlad Verde M12 x x 24.4-36.6 x x x 20.5- 4h NA
fl oz 24.4
fl oz
Banda de Lupinus alba doce x x F x x x F 1d 5
Procure 480SC 3 x x x x x x 4-8 12h 32 fl oz
fl oz
triflumizole x x x x x x G 1d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 12-14 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz x x 12-14 fl oz 12-14 12h 56 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
difenoconazole + azoxystrobin G E G x x G G 0d 4
Quilt Xcel (SE) 11+3 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 14 fl oz x x 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + propiconazole G G F x x x E 0d 4
Quintec 2.08F 13 x x x x x x 4-6 fl 24h 24 fl oz
oz
quinoxyfen x x x x x x E 1d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 x x x 2.5-5 oz x 2.5-5 oz 2.5-5 24h 30 oz
oz
myclobutanil x x x F x G E 0d NA
Rovral 4F 2 x x 2 pt x x 2 pt x 24h 1
iprodione x x G[r] x x G x 0d N/A
Scala SC 9 x x 18 fl oz x x x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x E[r] x x x x 1d NA
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz 11-14 oz 11-14 oz x x 11-14 oz x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil G E E x x F x 0d NA
Thiram (65WP), Thiram M 4.4 lb 4.4 lb 4.4 lb x x x 4.4 lb 24h NA
Granuflow
thiram F F G x x x G 1d 5
Tilt (EC) 3 x x x x x 4 fl oz 4 fl oz 12h 16 fl oz
propiconazole x x x x x G G 0d NA
Topguard EQ (SC) 3+11 5-8 oz 5-8 oz x x x x 5-8 oz 12h 32 fl oz
azoxystrobin + flutriafol G G x x x x E 0d 4
(Continued)

232
Table 9-4. Disease management during bloom1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
anthracnose fruit

powdery mildew
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight
gray mold
(Botrytis)

leaf spot
crown
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Topsin-M WSB 1 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 24h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl G E G[r] i x G G-P[r] 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x x x 3.4 fl oz 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x x x x x x E 3d 2

Strawberry Bloom – Insects Strawberry Post-bloom through Harvest –

• Do not apply insecticides during bloom to protect Diseases
bees and other pollinators. Apply every 7-10 days as needed. Be sure to check
PHIs.
• Abound, Cabrio, and Pristine also provide protec-
tion against leather rot when applied in a protectant
program.

Table 9-5. Fungicide recommendations from post-bloom through harvest1

(Mycosphaerella)
anthracnose fruit

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Max
Phomopsis

leaf scorch

leather rot
leaf blight
gray mold
(Botrytis)

Product and leaf spot amt5

crown

formulation FRAC REI3 Max

rot

Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6

Abound (SC) 11 5-8 fl oz x 6-15.5 fl oz x x x 6-15.5 fl oz 6-15.5 4h 61.5 fl oz
fl oz
azoxystrobin G[r] x s-G[r] x x x G E 0d NA
Aftershock/Evito 480SC 11 2-5.7 fl oz 2-5.7 fl oz x x x x 2-5.7 fl oz x 12h 22.8 fl oz
fluoxastrobin G G x x x x G x 1d NA
Aliette WDG 33 x x x x x x x 2 .5- 12h 30 lb
5lb
aluminum tris x x x x x x x E 1d NA
Cabrio EG (20EG) 11 12-14 oz 12-14 oz 12-14 oz x x 12-14 oz 12-14 oz 12-14 oz 12h 70 oz
pyraclostrobin E G G x x G E E 0d NA
Captan (80WDG) M 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb x x 24h 30 lb
captan E G G G G G x x 0d NA
Elevate 50WDG 17 x x 1.5 lb x x x x x 4h 6 lb
fenhexamid x x E[r] x x x x x 0d NA
Flint Extra 11 2.5-3 fl oz 2.5-3 fl oz 2.5-3 fl oz 2.5-3 fl oz x x 2.5-3 fl oz x 12h 18 fl oz
trifloxystrobin G E G G x x G x 0d NA
Fontelis (SC) 7 16-24 oz 16-24 oz 16-24 oz x x x 16-24 oz x 12h 72 fl oz
penthiopyrad G E E x x x E x 0d NA
Intuity (SC) 11 x x 6 fl oz x x x 6 fl oz x 12h 12 fl oz
mandestrobin x x E x x x s[E] x 0d 2
(Continued)
233
Table 9-5. Fungicide recommendations from post-bloom through harvest1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
anthracnose fruit

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose
Max

Phomopsis

leaf scorch

leather rot
leaf blight
gray mold
(Botrytis)
Product and amt5

leaf spot
crown
formulation FRAC REI3 Max

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6
Kenja 400SC 7 13.5-15.5 13.5-15.5 13.5-15.5 x x x x x 12h 54 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
isofetamid i i E x x x x x 0d NA
Luna Privilege 7 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 x x 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 3.2-6.8 12 h 13.7 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
fluopyram G G E x x G G x NL 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 7+11 4-7.6 4-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 fl oz x x 4-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 fl oz 4-7.6 12h 27.1 fl oz
fl oz fl oz
fluopyram + triflox- E x G x x G E E 0d NA
ystrobin
Luna Tranquility (SC) 7+9 x x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl oz x 16-27 fl oz 16-27 fl oz x 12h 54.7 fl oz
fluopyram + pyrimeth- x x E G x G E x 1d NA
anil
Merivon 7+11 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz 4-8 fl oz x 12h 33 fl oz
pyraclostrobin + fluxo- E E E E G E F x 0d 3
pyroxad
Mettle 125ME 3 x x x 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 3-5 oz 3-5 oz x 12h 20 fl oz
tetraconazole x x x G G G E x 0d 4
Miravis Prime 7+12 9.1-13.4 9.1-13.4 9.1-13.4 oz 9.1-13.4 oz x x 9.1-13.4 oz x 12 h 27.2 oz
oz oz
pydiflumetofen+fludi- E E E G x x G x 0d 4
oxonil
Nordox 75G M x x x 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb x x 12h NA
cuprous oxide x x x F F F x x NA NA
Orondis Gold 49+4 x x x x x x x 20–62 48 h 124 fl oz
fl oz
oxathiapiprolin+ x x x x x x x E 28d 2
mefenoxam
PhD 19 6.2 oz 6.2 oz 6.2 oz x x x 6.2 oz x 4h NA
polyoxin D G G E x x x G x 0d NA
Prophyte 33 x x x x x x x 2 4h varies
pt/100
gal
phosphorous acid x x x x x x x G NA 4
Phostrol 33 x x x x x x x 2.5-5 4h NA
pt/100
gal
phosphorous acid x x x x x x x G NA NA
Protocol (L) 1+3 1.3 pt 1.3 pt 1.3 pt x x 1.3 pt 1.3 pt x 24h 5.3 pt
thiophanate-methyl + G[r] G[r] G[r] x x G[r] G[r] x 1d NA
propiconazole
(Continued)

234
Table 9-5. Fungicide recommendations from post-bloom through harvest1 (continued)

(Mycosphaerella)
anthracnose fruit

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose
Max

Phomopsis

leaf scorch

leather rot
leaf blight
gray mold
(Botrytis)
Product and amt5

leaf spot
crown
formulation FRAC REI3 Max

rot
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6
Pristine 11+7 18.5-23 18.5-23 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz x 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 oz 18.5-23 12h 115 oz
oz oz oz
pyraclostrobin + G E E G x G E E 0d 5
boscalid
ProBlad Verde M12 16-24 oz 16-24 oz 16-24 oz x x x 16-24 oz x 12h NA
Banda de Lupinus alba G G G x x x G x 0d 5
doce
Procure 480SC 3 x x x x x x 4-8 fl oz x 12h 32 fl oz
triflumizole x x x x x x G x 1d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 3+11 12-14 12-14 12-14 x x 12-14 fl oz 12-14 fl oz x 12h 56 fl oz
fl oz fl oz fl oz
difenoconazole + G E G x x G G x 0d 4
azoxystrobin
Quilt Xcel (SE) 11+3 14 fl oz 14 fl oz 14 fl oz x x 14 fl oz 14 fl oz x 12h 56 fl oz
azoxystrobin + G G F x x x E x 0d 4
propiconazole
Quintec 2.08F 13 x x x x x x 4-6 fl oz x 24h 24 fl oz
quinoxyfen x x x x x x E x 1d 4
Rally 40WSP 3 x x x 2.5-5 oz x 2.5-5 oz 2.5-5 oz x 24h 30 oz
myclobutanil x x x F x G E x 0d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 4 x x x x x x x 1 pt 48h 1
mefenoxam x x x x x x x E[r] 0d N/A
Scala SC 9 x x 18 fl oz x x x x x 12h 54 fl oz
pyrimethanil x x E[r] x x x x x 1d NA
Switch 62.5WG 9+12 11-14 oz 11-14 oz 11-14 oz x x 11-14 oz x x 12h 56 oz
cyprodinil + fludioxonil G E E x x F x x 0d NA
Thiram (65WP), Thiram M 4.4 lb 4.4 lb 4.4 lb x x x 4.4 lb x 24h NA
Granuflow
thiram F F G x x x G x 1d 5
Tilt (EC) 3 x x x x x 4 fl oz 4 fl oz x 12h 16 fl oz
propiconazole x x x x x G G x 0d NA
Topguard EQ (SC) 3+11 5-8 oz 5-8 oz x x x x 5-8 oz 5-8 oz 12h 32 fl oz
azoxystrobin + G G x x x x E G 0d 4
flutriafol
Topsin-M WSB 1 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb x 0.75-1 lb 0.75-1 lb x 24h 4 lb
thiophanate-methyl G E G[r] i x G G-P[r] x 1d NA
Torino (SC) U6 x x x x x x 3.4 fl oz x 4h 6.8 oz
cyflufenamid x x x x x x E x 3d 2

235
Strawberry Post-bloom to Harvest – Insects margins. Damage is often detected after leafhop-
pers have left the field. Carbaryl (Sevin) is labeled
• Apply every 7-10 days as needed. Be sure to check for control of this pest. Courier can be used for
PHIs. leafhopper control but affects only immature leaf-
• Make every effort to protect bees by spraying hoppers. Brigade, Danitol, and Diazinon do not list
when bees are not active, typically after sunset or leafhoppers on their labels but should also provide
early morning before 6 am. control.
• Strawberry root weevil larvae damage strawberry • In June-bearing strawberry, spotted-wing Drosophila
roots. The weevils lack mobility, so infestations do is not considered a major pest in the Midwest as
not spread rapidly. Be sure that nursery stock is harvest concludes before spotted-wing Drosophila
not infested before planting. Plow under old plant- populations start ramping up. In day-neutral straw-
ings soon after harvest, and locate new plantings berry, spotted-wing Drosophila can be a major
300 feet away. Adult weevils can be killed by one pest and should be managed.
or more foliar sprays of Brigade 10WP. Platinum • No insecticides are registered for strawberry root-
2SC is labeled for soil application to control root worm. This pest is best managed by post-harvest
weevil larvae. site rotation.
• Leafhoppers damage strawberry foliage, feed • Diazinon AG600 allows for one foliar and one soil
for a short time, then leave. Damaged leaves can application per year.
become crinkled and turn yellow to brown at the

Table 9-6. Post-bloom to harvest insect management1

eastern flower

spotted-wing
Max

spider mite
leafhopper

Drosophila
sap beetle

spittlebug

tarnished
plant bug
Product and amt5
leafroller

formulation IRAC REI3 Max

thrips

slugs

Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6

Acramite 50WS 20D x x x x x 0.75-1 lb x x x 12h NA
bifenazate x x x x x E x x x 1d 2
Actara (25WDG) 4A x 4 oz x x x x x x 4 oz 12h 12 oz
thiamethoxam x E x x x x x x s 3d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 4A x x x x x x 1.3 fl oz x x 12h 3.9-14
fl oz
imidacloprid x x x x x x G x x 7 or NA
14d
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) 6 x 3.5 oz x x x 3.5 oz x x x 12h 14 fl oz
(RUP)
abamectin x G x x x E x x x 3d NA
Apta (1.34SC) 21A 27 fl oz x x x x x x 27 fl oz 27 fl oz 12h 81 fl oz
tolfenpyrad u x x x x x x s u 1d 3
Assail 30SG 4A 4-6.9 oz 4-6.9 oz 4-6.9 oz 4-6.9 oz x x 1.9-6.9 x 4-6.9 oz 12h 13.8 oz
oz
acetamiprid G G G G x x G x G 1d 2
Beleaf 50SG 29 x x x x x x x x 2.8 oz 12h 8.4 oz
flonicamid x x x x x x x x E 0d 2
Brigade WSB (10WP) 3A x x 6.4-32 6.4-32 x 16-32 oz 6.4-32 x 6.4-32 12h 80 oz
(RUP) oz oz oz oz
bifenthrin x x G E x F E x E 0d NA
(Continued)

236
Table 9-6. Post-bloom to harvest insect management1 (continued)

eastern flower

spotted-wing
Max

spider mite
leafhopper

Drosophila
sap beetle

spittlebug

tarnished
plant bug
Product and amt5

leafroller
formulation IRAC REI3 Max

thrips

slugs
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6
Bt (Bacillus 11A x x See x x x x x x 4h NA
thuringiensis) label
Bacillus x x G x x x x x x 0d NA
thuringiensis
Closer SC 4C 4.5 fl oz x x x x x x x 2.7-4.5 12h 17 oz
fl oz
sulfoxaflor s x x x x x x x u 1d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A x 16-21.3 16-21.3 16-21.3 x 16-21.3 10.6 fl 16 fl oz 10.6 fl 24h See
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz oz oz label
fenpropathrin x G E u x F u E u 3d See
label
Deadline MP’s UN x x x x 25 lb x x x x 12h 75 lb
(4% bait)
metaldehyde x x x x G x x x x 0d 3
Diazinon AG600 1B x x 12.75 fl x x 12.75 fl x x x 3d 25.5 fl
WBC (RUP) oz /100 oz /100 oz
g g
diazinon x x G x x F x x x 5d 1
Dibrom 8E (RUP) 1B 1 pt x 1 pt x x 1 pt 1 pt x 1 pt 2d 5 pt
naled u x u x x u u x u 1d 5
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 4-6 fl oz x 4-6 fl oz x x x x x x 4h 18 fl oz
spinosad G x G x x x x x x 1d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 28 13.5- x x x x x x 13.5- x 12h 0.4 lb
20.5 fl 20.5 fl
oz oz
cyantraniliprole s x x x x x x E x 1d NA
Grandevo UN 2-3 lb x 1-3 lb x x 2-3 lb x x 2-3 lb 4h NA
Chromobacterium u x G x x u x x u 0d NA
subtsugae
Kanemite 15SC 20B x x x x x 21-31 fl x x x 12h 62 fl
oz oz
acequinocyl x x x x x E x x x 1d 2
Magister SC (1.7SC) 21A x x x x x 32-36 x x x 12 h 36 fl
fl oz oz
fenazaquin x x x x x u x x x 1d 1
Malathion 5EC 1B 1.5-3.2 1.5-3.2 1.5-3.2 x x 1.5-3.2 1.5-3.2 x 1.5-3.2 12h 12.8 pt
pt pt pt pt pt pt
malathion s G u x x u u x u 3d 4
Nealta (1.67SC) 25 x x x x x 13.7 fl oz x x x 12h 27.4 fl
oz
cyflumetofen x x x x x G x x x 1d 2
(Continued)

237
Table 9-6. Post-bloom to harvest insect management1 (continued)

eastern flower

spotted-wing
Max

spider mite
leafhopper

Drosophila
sap beetle

spittlebug

tarnished
plant bug
Product and amt5

leafroller
formulation IRAC REI3 Max

thrips

slugs
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 app6
Nexter (75WP) 21 x x x x x 4.4-10.6 x x x 12h 21.34
oz oz
pyridaben x x x x x G x x x 1d 2
Oberon 2SC 23 x x x x x 12-16 x x x 12h 48 fl
fl oz oz
spiromesifen x x x x x G x x x 3d 3
Platinum (2SC) 4A x 5-12 x x x x x x x 12h 12 fl oz
fl oz
thiamethoxam x E x x x x x x x 50d NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 21A x x x x x 2 pt x x x 12h 4 pt
fenpyroximate x x x x x E x x x 1d 2
Radiant SC (1SC) 5 6-10 x 6-10 x x x x 6-10 x 4h 30
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
spinetoram G x E x x x x E x 1d 3
Rimon 0.83EC 15 6-12 x x 6-12 x x x x 9-12 12h 36
fl oz fl oz fl oz fl oz
novaluron u x x E x x x x E 1d NA
Savey 50DF 10A x x x x x 6 oz x x x 12h 6 oz
hexythiazox x x x x x E x x x 3d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A x 1-2 qt 1-2 qt x x x x x 1.5-2 qt 12h 10 qt
carbaryl x G F x x x x x G 7d 5
Sluggo UN x x x x 20-44 lb x x x x 0d UN
iron phosphate x x x x G x x x x 0d UN
Transform WG 4C 2.2 oz x x x x x x x 1.5– 2.2 24h 8.5 oz
oz
sulfoxaflor s x x x x x x x u 1d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 12B x x x x x 1.5-2 lb x x x 2d 4 lb
fenbutatin-oxide x x x x x G x x x 1d 2
Verdepryn 100SL 28 x x 8.2-11 x x x x 8.2-11 x 4h 33
(0.83SL) fl oz fl oz fl oz
cyclaniliprole x x x x x x x x x 1d 3
Zeal (72WP) 10B x x x x x 2-3 oz x x x 12h 3 oz
etoxazole x x x x x E x x x 1d 1

238
Strawberry Post-harvest and New Plantings – Disease
Apply every 10-14 days as needed.

Table 9-7. Post-harvest disease management1

(Mycosphaerella)

powdery mildew

(Phytophthora)
(Diplocarpon)
anthracnose

Phomopsis

leaf scorch
leaf blight

red stele
leaf spot
crown
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient code2 PHI4 Max app6
Aliette WDG 33 x x x x x 2 .5-5 lb 12h NA
aluminum tris x x x x x E 1d 30 lb
Captan (80WDG) M 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb 1.8-3.75 lb x x 24h NA
captan E G G G x x 0d 30 lb
Cuproxat FL M x 2.5-5 pt 2.5-5 pt 2.5-5 pt x x 48h NA
tribasic copper sulfate x F F F x x NA NA
ProBlad Verde M12 x x x x 20.5-24.4 x 4h 5
fl oz
Banda de Lupinus alba doce x x x x F x 1d NA
Nordox 75G M x 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb 1.25-2.5 lb x x 12h 3
cuprous oxide x F F F x x NA 15 lb
Orondis Gold 49+4 x x x x x 20-62 fl oz 48h 124 fl oz
drench;
7-13.9 fl oz
foliar
oxathiapipralin+ mefenoxam x x x x x E 28d 2
Phostrol 33 x x x x x 2.5-5 pt 4h NA
phosphorous acid x x x x x G NA NA
Prophyte 33 x x x x x 2-4 pt 4h varies
phosphorous acid x x x x x G NA 4
Thiram (65WP), Thiram Granuflow M 4.4 lb x x x 4.4 lb x 24h 12
thiram F x x x G x 1d NA

239
Strawberry Post-harvest and New Plantings – Insects
Table 9-8. Post-harvest insect management1
Product and formulation root REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient IRAC code2 leafhopper leafroller weevils slugs PHI4 Max app6
Actara (25WDG) 4A 4 oz x 4 oz x 12h 12 oz
thiamethoxam E x E x 3d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 6 3.5 oz x x x 12h 14 fl oz
abamectin G x x x 3d NA
Assail 30SG 4A 4-6.9 oz 4-6.9 oz x x 12h 13.8 oz
acetamiprid G G x x 1d 2
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 3A x 6.4-32 oz 8-32 oz x 12h 80 oz
bifenthrin x G G x 0d NA
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) 11A x see label x x 4h NA
Bacillus thuringiensis x G x x 0d NA
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 3A 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz 16-21.3 fl oz x 24h see label
fenpropathrin G E G x 3d see label
Deadline MP’s (4% bait) UN x x x 25 lb 12h 75 lb
metaldehyde x x x G 0d 3
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 1B x 12.75 x x 36h 25.5 fl oz
fl oz/100 g
diazinon x G x x 5d 1
Dibrom 8E (RUP) 1B x 1 pt x x 48h 5 pt
naled x u x x 1d 5
Entrust SC (2SC) 5 x 4-6 fl oz x x 4h 18 fl oz
spinosad x G x x 1d 3
Grandevo UN x 1-3 lb x x 4h NA
Chromobacterium subtsugae x G x x 0d NA
Malathion 5EC 1B 1.5-3.2 pt 1.5-3.2 pt 1.5-3.2 pt x 12h 8 pt
malathion G u u x 3d 4
Platinum (2SC) 4A 5-12 fl oz x 5-12 fl oz x 12h 12 fl oz
thiamethoxam E x G x 50d NA
Radiant SC (1SC) 5 x 6-10 fl oz x x 4h 30 fl oz
spinetoram x E x x 1d 3
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 1A 1-2 qt 1-2 qt x x 12h 10 qt
carbaryl G F x x 7d 5
Sluggo UN x x x 20-44 lb 0d NA
iron phosphate x x x G 0d NA

240
Special Comments on the Strawberry Neopestalotiopsis: A new disease of strawberries
in the US.
Schedule By Dan Egel, Extension Plant Pathologist, Purdue University
Annual plasticulture strawberry Over the last few years, a relatively new disease of
Timely planting of healthy plugs is key to establishing strawberry (which at this point lacks an official name)
a successful planting. Planting date influences runner has been causing problems in the southeast U.S. In
and branch crown formation. Too early is better than 2020, this disease was discovered in Indiana strawberry
too late. If planted too early, energy is directed toward production. It is not clear how many states in the
runner formation; if planted too late, the 4-5 branch Midwest are affected by this disease. Initial surveys of
crowns that are desired at flowering may not develop Indiana have not found many instances of this disease.
in time. Research in Ohio and central Kentucky has Nevertheless, strawberry growers in the Midwest
identified early to mid-September as best for plugs in should familiarize themselves with the potential of this
most years. Growers further north or at higher eleva- new disease. Images and additional information can
tions in the Appalachian Mountains may be able to be found at Pest Alert: Neopestalotiopsis – an
plant in late August, while growers further south or emerging strawberry disease in North America.
west may be able to plant slightly later. On-farm re- available online at: https://onfruit.ca/2021/03/11/
search over a number of years gives growers the best pest-alert-neopestalotiopsis-an-emerging-strawberry
planting window for their particular location. -disease-in-north-america
Weed management in the row is usually accomplished Management of this disease is not well understood.
by applying a pre-emergent herbicide beneath the However, bare root and plug plants should be inspected
plastic prior to laying the plastic to control winter upon delivery for disease symptoms. Avoid planting
annuals. Growers use different strategies to manage diseased or weakened plants. Unusual symptoms
weeds between rows. Many have had success by observed in the field or on bare root or plug plants
simply planting a cover crop of annual ryegrass or should be sent to a diagnostic clinic. Research is on-
cereal rye to suppress weeds and then killing it with going to understand which fungicides are appropriate
a graminicide in the spring. Insect management is and what varieties might have some resistance; how-
usually not a significant issue. All growers should plant ever, standard fungicides applications to control other
disease-free plugs; however, it’s also a good idea to foliar diseases should be continued.
make a fungicide application for anthracnose crown
rot to the plug trays or to the plants in the field after
planting, especially since infections may be present
but symptoms can be delayed or go unnoticed until
they become more serious.

Disease Resistance of Strawberry Cultivars Commonly Grown in the Midwest1

Cultivar Verticillium wilt red stele leaf disease2 powdery mildew
June Bearing
AC Valley Sunset R R R U
Allstar T R T T
Annapolis I R S S
Brunswick U R U U
Cabot U R T R
Cavendish I R PR S
Clancy U R R R
DarSelect U U T VS
Daroyal U U U U
Donna U U U U
Earliglow R R R PR
Flavorfest T R R T
Galletta U U U U
Glooscap S VS T T
(Continued)

241
Disease Resistance of Strawberry Cultivars Commonly Grown in the Midwest1 (continued)
Cultivar Verticillium wilt red stele leaf disease2 powdery mildew
June Bearing
Guardian R R R S
Herriot R U PR U
Honeoye S S PR T
Itasca U R R U
Jewel S S PR R
Kent S S S T
L’Amour U R PR T
Lateglow R R R U
Mayflower U U U U
Mesabi R R R R
Mira U R S R
Northeaster R R I S
Ovation U R R VS
Redchief PR R R R
Seneca S S U U
Sonata U S U PR
Surecrop R R T R
AC Wendy S R T MR
Winona T R R T
Day Neutral
Albion R R T R
Tribute PR R T R
Tristar R R T R
Seascape U R S R
San Andreas T U S R
Plasticulture System
Camarosa U U S S
Chandler U S S S
Sweet Charlie U U U R
1
I = intermediate. PR = partially resistant. R = resistant. S = susceptible. T = tolerant. U = unknown.
2
Includes leaf spot and leaf scorch.

242
Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Strawberry Diseases1
Data collated and compiled by Janna Beckerman

anthracnose fruit rot

stele (Phytophthora)
gray mold (Botrytis)
anthracnose crown

(Mycosphaerella)

powdery mildew

leather rot / red

(Diplocarpon)
lPhomopsis)
leaf scorch
leaf blight

leaf spot
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient Code2 PHI 4
Max app6
Abound (SC) 4h 61.5 fl oz
11 G[r] x G[r] x x x G E
azoxystrobin 0d NA
Aftershock/Evito 480SC 12h 22.8 fl oz
11 G G s x x x G x
fluoxystrobin 1d 4
Aliette WDG 12h 30 lb
33 x x x x x x x E
fosetyl-AL 1d NA
Cabrio EG (20EG) 12h 70 oz
11 E G G x x G E E
pyraclostrobin 0d NA
Captan (80WDG) 24h 30 lb
M G F G G G G G F
captan 0d NA
CaptEvate (68WG) 48h 21 lb
M G F E F x G x x
captan + fenhexamid 30d NA
Copper, assorted See label NA
M1 x x x F F F x x
copper NA NA
Elevate 50WDG 4h 6 lb
17 x x E[r] x x x x x
fenhexamid 0d NA
Flint Extra 12h 18 fl oz
11 G E G G x x G x
trifloxystrobin (higher rate) 0d 6
Fontelis (SC) 12h 72 fl oz
7 G E E x x x E x
penthiopyrad 0d NA
Fracture 4h NA
M12 x x G x x x G x
Banda de Lupinus alba doce 1d 5
Intuity (SC) 12h 12 fl oz
11 x x E x x x s-E x
mandistrobin 0d 2
Kenja 400SC 12h 54 fl oz
7 i i E x x x x x
isofetamid 0d NA
Luna Privilege 12 h 13.7 fl oz
7 G G E x x G G x
fluopyram NL 2
Luna Sensation (SC) 12h 27.1 fl oz
7+11 E E G x x G E E
fluopyram + trifloxystrobin 0d NA
Luna Tranquility (SC) 12h 54.7 fl oz
7+9 x x E G x G E x
fluopyram + pyrimethanil 1d NA
Merivon 12h 33 fl oz
7+11 E E E E G E F x
fluxapyroxad + pyraclostobin 0d 3
(Continued)

243
Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Strawberry Diseases1 (continued)

anthracnose fruit rot

stele (Phytophthora)
gray mold (Botrytis)
anthracnose crown

(Mycosphaerella)

powdery mildew

leather rot / red

(Diplocarpon)
lPhomopsis)
leaf scorch
leaf blight

leaf spot
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient Code2 PHI
4
Max app6
Mettle 125ME 12h 20 fl oz
3 x x x G G G E x
tetraconazole 0d 4
Miravis Prime 12 h 27.2 oz
7+12 E E E G x x G x
Pydiflumetofen + fludioxanil 0d 4
OSO 5% 4h 78 fl oz
19 G G E x x x G s
Polyoxin D 0d NA
Phosphorous acid: Agrifos, Phostrol, 4h NA
Rampart, etc. 33 x x x x x x x E-F
phosphorous acid 0d NA
Protocol (L) 24h 5.3 pt
1+3 G G G x x G G x
thiophanate-methyl + propiconazole 1d NA
Pristine 12h 115 oz
7+11 G E E G x G E E
pyraclostrobin + boscalid 0d 5
Procure 480SC 12h 32 fl oz
3 x x x x x x G i
triflumizole 1d NA
Quadris Top (SC) 12h 56 fl oz
3+11 G E G x x G G x
difenoconazole + azoxystrobin 0d 4
Quilt Xcel (SE) 12h 56 fl oz
11+3 G G F x x x E x
azoxystrobin + propiconazole 0d 4
Quintec 2.08F 24h 24 fl oz
13 x x x x x x E x
quinoxyfen 1d 4
Rally 40WSP 24h 30 oz
3 x x x F x G E x
myclobutanil 0d NA
Ridomil Gold SL 48h 1.5 lb
4 x x x x x x x E[r]
mefenoxam 0d 3
Rovral 4F 24h N/A
2 x x G[r] x x G x x
iprodione 0d 1
Scala SC 12h 54 fl oz
9 x x E[r] x x x x x
pyrimethanil 1d NA
Switch 62.5WG 12h 56 oz
9+12 G E E x x F x x
cyprodinil + fludioxonil 0d NA
Thiram (65WP), Thiram Granuflow 24h NA
M F F G x x x G x
thiram 1d 12
Tilt (EC) 12h 16 fl oz
3 x x x x x x G x
propiconazole 0d NA
Topguard EQ (SC) 12h 32 fl oz
3+11 G G x x x x E G
azoxystrobin + flutriafol 0d 4
(Continued)

244
Effectiveness of Fungicides for Control of Strawberry Diseases1 (continued)

anthracnose fruit rot

stele (Phytophthora)
gray mold (Botrytis)
anthracnose crown

(Mycosphaerella)

powdery mildew

leather rot / red

(Diplocarpon)
lPhomopsis)
leaf scorch
leaf blight

leaf spot
Product and formulation FRAC REI3 Max amt5
Active ingredient Code2 PHI 4
Max app6
Topsin-M WSB 24h 4 lb
1 G E G[r] i x G x x
thiophanate-methyl 1d NA
Torino (SC) 4h 7.2 oz
U6 x x x x x x E x
cyflufenamid 3d 2
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
FRAC code represents the mode of action of the fungicide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All fungicides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is limited.
Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

Effectiveness of Pesticides for Control of Strawberry Insects and Mites1

spotted-wing Drosophila
eastern flower thrip

tarnished plant bug

cyclamen mite

spider mite
root weevil
leafhopper

white grub
sap beetle

spittlebug
rootworm
leafroller
clipper

Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

slug

Active Ingredient Code2 PHI 4

Max app6
Acramite 50WS 12h NA
UN x x x x x x x x x E x x x x
bifenazate 1d 1
Actara (25WDG) 12h 12 oz
4A x x x E x E x x x x x s x x
thiamethoxam 3d NA
Admire Pro (4.6F) 12h 3.9-14 fl oz
4A x x x x x x x x x x G x E x
imidacloprid 7 or 14d NA
Agri-Mek SC (0.7SC) (RUP) 12h 14 fl oz
6 x G x G x x x x x E x x x x
abamectin 3d NA
Assail 30SG 12h 13.8 oz
4A x x G G G x x x G G G G x x
acetamiprid 1d 2
Beleaf 50SG 12h 8.4 oz
9C x x x x x x x x x x x E x x
flonicamid 0d 3
Brigade WSB (10WP) (RUP) 12h 80 oz
3A E x x x G G x x E F E E x x
bifenthrin 0d NA
(Continued)

245
Effectiveness of Pesticides for Control of Strawberry Insects and Mites1 (continued)

spotted-wing Drosophila
eastern flower thrip

tarnished plant bug

cyclamen mite

spider mite
root weevil
leafhopper

white grub
sap beetle

spittlebug
rootworm
leafroller
clipper
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

slug
Active Ingredient Code2 PHI
4
Max app6
Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) 4h UN
11A x x x x G x x x x x x x x x
Bacillus thuringiensis 0d UN
Coragen (1.67SC) 4h 30.8 fl oz
28 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
chlorantraniliprole 1d 8
Courier SC (3.6SC) 12h 27.2 fl oz
16 x x x F x x x x x x x x x x
buprofezin 3d 2
Closer 12h 17 oz
4C x x s x x x x x x x x u x x
sulfoxaflor 1d 4
Danitol 2.4EC (RUP) 24h 32 fl oz
3A E u x G E G x x x F x x x E
fenpropathrin 3d NA
Deadline MP’s (4% bait) 12h 75 lb
UN x x x x x x x G x x x x x x
metaldehyde 0d 3
Diazinon AG600 WBC (RUP) 3d 50.5 fl oz
1B x G x x G x x x x F x x x G
diazinon 5d 2
Dicofol 31d NA
UN x x x x x x x x x F x x x x
dicofol 2d 1
Dibrom 8E (RUP) 2d 5 pt
1B x x u x u x x x x u u u x x
naled 1d 5
Entrust SC (2SC) 4h 18 fl oz
5 x x G x G x x x x x x x x x
spinosad 1d 3
Exirel (0.83SE) 12h 61.5 fl oz
28 x x u x x x x x x x x x x E
cyantraniliprole 1d NA
Grandevo 4h NA
UN x u u x G x x x x u x u x x
Chromobacterium 0d NA
Harvanta 50SL 4h 49.2 fl oz
28 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
cyclaniliprole 1d 3
Intrepid 2F 4h 64 fl oz
18 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
methoxyfenozide 3d NA
Kanemite 15SC 12h 62 fl oz
20B x x x x x x x x x E x x x x
acequinocyl 1d 2
Malathion 12h 8 pt
1B x x x G u x x x x x x x x x
malathion 3d 4
Nealta (1.67SC) 12h 27.4 fl oz
25 x x x x x x x x x G x x x x
cyflumetofen 1d 2
Nexter (75WP) 12h 21.34 oz
21A x x x x x x x x x G x x x x
pyridaben 1d 2
(Continued)

246
Effectiveness of Pesticides for Control of Strawberry Insects and Mites1 (continued)

spotted-wing Drosophila
eastern flower thrip

tarnished plant bug

cyclamen mite

spider mite
root weevil
leafhopper

white grub
sap beetle

spittlebug
rootworm
leafroller
clipper
Product and formulation IRAC REI3 Max amt5

slug
Active Ingredient Code2 PHI
4
Max app6
Oberon 2SC 12h 48 fl oz
23 x x x x x x x x x G x x x x
spiromesifen 3d 3
Platinum (2SC) 12h 12 fl oz
4A x x x E x G x x x x x x E x
thiamethoxam 50d NA
Portal XLO (0.4EC) 12h 4 pt
21 x G x x x x x x x E x x x x
fenpyroximate 1d 2
Radiant SC (1SC) 4h 30 fl oz
5 x x G x E x x x x x x x x E
spinetoram 1d 3
Rimon 0.83EC 12h 36 fl oz
15 x x u x x x x x E x x E x x
novaluron 1d NA
Savey 50DF 12h 6 oz
10A x x x x x x x x x E x x x x
hexythiazox 3d 1
Sevin XLR Plus (4F) 12h 10 qt
1A G x x G F x x x x x x G x x
carbaryl 7d 5
Sivanto Prime (1.67SC) 4h 28 fl oz
4D x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
flupyradifurone 0d NA
Sluggo 0d UN
UN x x x x x x x G x x x x x x
iron phosphate 0d UN
Transform WG 24h 8.5 oz
4C x x s x x x x x x x x u x x
sulfoxaflor 1d 4
Vendex 50WP (RUP) 2d 4 lb
12B x x x x x x x x x G x x x x
fenbutatin-oxide (hexakis) 1d 1d
Zeal (72WP) 12h 3 oz
10B x x x x x x x x x E x x x x
etoxazole 1d 1
1
Efficacy data in this publication are based on trials conducted across various regions and does not necessarily reflect local efficacy differences or changes over time. Growers
should contact their Extension specialist for the most recent or for state-specific information. The information on this publication is only a guide; the authors and their institutions
assume no liability for practices implemented based on this information. Always read and follow pesticide labels. The label is the law. Product registration may vary by state. E=
excellent control; G=good control; F= fair control. [r] = Fungicide/Insecticide resistance possible. s= suppression only, i= not effective, u= effectiveness unknown, x= pest not on
the label.
2
IRAC code represents the mode of action of the insecticide.
3
PHI refers to the pre-harvest interval, which is the number of days before harvest that the product may not be applied.
4
All insecticides have a Restricted-Entry Interval (REI). The restricted-entry interval is the time immediately after a pesticide application when entry into the treated area is
limited. Check labels for REI. Restrictions in REI may prohibit the use of certain pesticides during harvest.
5
Max amt refers to the product’s maximum amount/ acre/year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of applications.
6
Max app refers to the product’s maximum number of applications per year. Applicators must abide by both maximum amount of product per season AND maximum number of
applications.

247
Vole Control Orchard Vole Control Program
Mice, also known as voles, can cause serious damage Essential Knowledge
to tree fruit plantings. Frequently, damage occurs but
The first thing you must do to control voles is to de-
growers do not notice it until trees become weak, die,
termine the problem species. Use snap traps for this.
or need to be removed.
The three common species are meadow vole (Microtus
You can anticipate vole damage each year, particularly pennsylvanicus), prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster),
from late summer to early spring, as mice eat bark and pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum). While the control
from the base of small saplings. Such damage can materials for these species may be the same, the con-
girdle and kill a tree. Apple trees are most susceptible, trol methods differ.
but hungry voles will attack other fruit trees. Apple
You can make quick field identifications of vole species
trees on dwarfing rootstocks are particularly palatable
(for both juveniles and adults) based on the length of
to them.
their tails:
Many plantings are made in a hedgerow pattern, which
Pine vole: Tail is about as long as its hind foot.
does not permit cultivation between trees. Such plant-
ings favor vole migration, as do mulches and vigorous Meadow and prairie vole: Tail is about twice as
sods. High populations also favor vole migrations. long as its hind foot.
Voles can be a problem in blueberry plantings but Determine timing and site of infestations with snap
almost never feed on grapes, blackberries, raspberries, traps. Knowing when and where mice are most abun-
or strawberries. dant makes control easier.

General Orchard Management Practices Control

You can employ several general orchard management You can control voles in orchards by using either zinc
practices to reduce the risk of injury and improve phosphide or chlorophacinone baits. You must use
control. No single material or technique is effective for both baits according to label directions.
complete control of voles. We therefore suggest you Zinc phosphide, a restricted use pesticide, is an acute-
vary both the materials and methods of control during ly toxic bait that kills mice within 24 hours. It is avail-
the season. able either as a weather-resistant pellet bait or mixed
You can construct tree guards from “hardware cloth” with prepared grains such as oats and corn. Zinc
or similar materials with a mesh no larger than 0.25 phosphide is usually well accepted by mice. However,
inch. These guards should enclose the tree and extend it is not effective if applied more than twice.
from several inches below soil surface — voles dig in Chlorophacinone (e.g., RoZol) is an anticoagulant bait
the top 2 to 3 inches of soil — to several inches above available as a weather-resistant, pellet-style bait. It
maximum snow line (about 18 inches). is highly accepted by rodents but does not kill them
Placing pea-sized gravel or cinders around the trees for several days. For effective control, make a second
in a circle 4 to 6 inches wide and at the same depth application of chlorophacinone within 20 to 40 days.
tends to discourage meadow voles from attacking Use caution: Baits can be attractive to other wildlife,
crowns of trees, but does not discourage other mouse including birds, and domestic pets. You must apply
species. bait directly in runways or bait stations (see below) or
Voles need abundant cover to proliferate. Maintain- broadcast. Pick up all spilled materials to avoid con-
ing a clean area 1 to 2 feet around the base of each sumption by non-target animals.
tree discourages surface feeding and also regulates
vole populations long term. Chemical weed control in Efficacy of Baits Against Meadow and Pine Voles
early spring significantly reduces the amount of labor Chlorophacinone is more effective against pine voles
involved in keeping the area around the tree clean. than meadow voles. Zinc phosphide is more effective
against meadow voles than pine voles. Consistently
Mow short the orchard cover or sod in late August and
using just one of these chemicals results in popula-
again after harvest to reduce runway cover and aid
tion shifts from one vole species to another. Therefore,
baiting. Cleaning out drainage ditches and fencerows,
alternate baiting using zinc phosphide in the first ap-
and picking up or crushing all dropped fruit, discour-
plication, followed by chlorophacinone in the second
ages large vole populations.
application, to reduce populations of both species.

248
Baiting Techniques freezing conditions. Note: Check your control
There are three main baiting techniques. program with snap traps. Lack of visible damage
1. Machine baiting. You expose bait in an artificial does not indicate the efficacy of your program.
trail (Trail Builder).
2. Trail baiting. You expose bait only in natural, active Control in Storage
runways. To protect fruit in storage from rodents, pay attention
to what you do before and during harvest.
3. Broadcast baiting. You broadcast bait by hand,
cyclone-type seeder, or tractor-drawn equipment Before harvest
at recommended rates. This technique is not • Poison rats and mice in storage one month before
recommended for pine vole control. When using picking. Keep storage area baited and free of debris.
zinc phosphide baits, the 2% concentration is • Clean up outside debris one week before picking.
recommended. Pay special attention near loading areas.
Observe safety precautions: Zinc phosphide is a • Use rodent-proof storage. Seal all holes and cracks.
restricted use material. Read and follow all label direc- Mice can fit through a hole the size of a dime.
tions and precautions. During harvest
• Move filled boxes into storage quickly. Any box left
Comparison of Baiting Techniques overnight may have mice.
Meadow or Prairie Pine Vole Control • As you load fruit into storage, bait the storage area.
Baiting Technique
Vole Control (%) (%) Place teaspoonful amounts in bait stations, on floor,
Machine 90-95 80-85 along alleys, between rows of boxes, and under
Trail 80-85 70-75 pallets. Do not place open baits on floors or any
areas where contamination might occur. Commercial
Broadcast 78 not recommended
bait stations are available from agricultural supply
companies. Always prevent contact with fruit.
Timing
Apply rodenticides on a sunny day in late fall when voles Bait Stations in the Orchard
are active. Voles begin to build up in early August, but You can prepare bait stations in several ways and
delay baiting as late as possible in the fall. The most eliminate or reduce the opportunity for non-target
effective application period is just before snow cover, animals to contact the bait. Squares of heavy roofing
after frost reduces the grass cover and the fruit is shingles (or other weather-resistant materials) placed
rotted. Spot treatment during the winter and into early out of traffic areas between trees can serve as bait
spring is recommended. Treat marginal lands to pre- stations to protect the bait and hiding of rodents.
vent re-invasion. Some growers have constructed bait stations that require
less refilling by building inverted T-shaped stations
Pre-harvest Baiting Is Not Recommended from PVC tubing and fittings that provide bait storage
Applying poisoned bait before harvest to prevent vole and a protected feeding area. Place bait stations in the
damage to fruit in cold storage is not a sound practice field two or three weeks before adding the bait.
for the following reasons:
1. The recommended methods of orchard vole control
do not always provide 100 percent control. Some
Vole Control for Small Fruit
voles survive the pre-harvest control and enter Prozap zinc phosphide pellets are a restricted use pes-
fruit boxes on the ground that are carried into cold ticide labeled for vole control in highbush blueberries,
storage. blackberries, and red and black raspberries. Apply this
2. The pre-harvest poison application reduces the product only in the dormant season after final harvest
population of voles in the orchard, which greatly and not later than the beginning of leaf emergence
reduces competition among survivors, making in the spring. The minimum pre-harvest interval is 70
food and cover ample. Under these favorable days. Do not apply when the ground is snow-covered.
conditions, survivors breed, with as many as eight You may broadcast bait with a cyclone seeder or by
young per litter. In a very short time, populations hand. When applying by hand, throw a tablespoon (12
may recover to original levels, and are not be ex- grams) into heavy cover along bushes, rocky outcrops,
posed to poison baits applied during the normal and fence lines. Make two applications at a rate of 6 to
control season. 10 lb per acre per application at a minimum interval of
3. The recommended control season for voles in 21 days. The maximum application per growing season
orchard and winter storage facilities is just prior to is 20 lb per acre.

249
Growth Regulator PHIs and REIs
Edited by John Strang, Shawn Wright and Elizabeth Wahle

Growth Regulator Pre-harvest Intervals and Restricted Entry Intervals

Pre-harvest Interval (days)
Sweet
Trade Name Common Name Apple Pear Peach Tart Cherry Plum REI (hours)
Cherry
Prohexadione-
Apogee, Kudos 45 —1 — 20 — — 12
calcium
Amid Thin-W NAD 2 2 — — — — 48
Blush 7 — — — — — 4
Cytokin2 kinetin 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Ethrel, Motivate,
ethephon 7 — — 7 7 — 48
Ethephon
Fruitone N NAA 2 2 — — — — 48
K-Salt Fruit Fix 200 NAA 2 2 — — — — 24
K-Salt Fruit Fix 800 NAA 2 2 — — — — 48
MaxCel, Exilis 6-benzladenine 86 86 — — — — 12
gibberellic acid
ProGibb — — — 0 0 0 4
(GA3)
ProVide GA4 + 7 — — — — — — 4
Promalin, Typy,
Cytoplex HMS, 6BA + GA4 + 7 0 3
0 3
— — 4/24
Perlan
ReTain AVG 7 7 7 — — 7 12
1
— = not registered or not recommended
2
Check label for state registration
3
Non-bearing trees only.

250
Chemical Weed Control in Fruit should adjust rates according to soil characteristics.
Generally, use lower rates on sandy soils with low or-
Crops ganic matter, and use higher rates on heavier textured
soils and those high in organic matter. With some
Edited by Shawn Wright, Elizabeth Wahle, John Strang, and Stephen Meyer
herbicides, no rate changes are suggested. If you are
Controlling weeds in fruit plantings is increasingly unsure about an herbicide’s effectiveness or possible
important, especially as tree fruit production more crop damage, test it on a small portion of the planting
closely resembles grape and berry crop production. before using it extensively.
Managing weeds along the crop hedgerows greatly
improves plant establishment and growth. Herbicides
can provide good weed control with little labor and Herbicide Resistance Management
frequently at a low cost compared to manual weed Continued use of the same herbicide can lead to the
control. Herbicides, when used properly, improve plant development of herbicide-resistant weeds or the
or tree growth and control insects, diseases, mice and establishment of tolerant weeds. Avoid using the same
voles. product or chemically related products for several
consecutive years to avoid building up herbicide- re-
Proper Application sistant weed biotypes. We recommend that you rotate
herbicides and include non-chemical controls when-
For herbicides to be effective, you must properly select ever possible to avoid these problems and improve
them for the weeds they are intended to control. You weed control.
must apply them at the proper time, at the proper rate,
and with the proper equipment. The degree of weed
control depends largely on the operator’s skill. Tank Mixes
In most cases, the given herbicide rates are for overall Certain herbicides may be combined in suitable tank
coverage (broadcast rates). For band treatment com- mixes. Consult product labels for approved combina-
mon in fruit plantings, reduce the amounts according tions and recommended rates. Use caution when tank
to the portion of area treated. For example, to control mixing herbicides that are not specifically listed on the
weeds in a 4-foot-wide band beneath a crop planted label.
in rows 10 feet apart, the rate of herbicide needed per By using tank mixes, you can apply a pre-emergence
acre of crop is 4/10 of the broadcast rate per acre. herbicide together with a post-emergence herbicide to
Herbicides can injure fruit plants if used improperly. provide improved weed control, or you can apply two
Make sprayer adjustments and calibrations as precise pre-emergence herbicides at reduced rates, each to
as possible to assure accurate and uniform applications. gain better weed control and reduce the risks of crop
Use nozzles appropriate for herbicide application at damage. Always follow label recommendations.
low pressures (20-40 psi) on a fixed boom-type appli-
cator, unless the label has specific recommendations. Timing of Applications
This type of sprayer is calibrated easily and, when
Weed management may require multiple applications
designed properly, deposits herbicide uniformly.
each year. Timing is important for best results.
Consider using one of the recently introduced low-drift
Growers often apply a post-emergence herbicide in
nozzles such as the Turbo TeeJet Nozzle or TurboDrop
early spring to control winter annuals and perenni-
Nozzle. They have been designed to provide similar
als before they flower. The timing of this application
performance to traditional flat fan nozzles while reduc-
may be too early for maximum pre-emergence her-
ing the number of very small droplets that are highly
bicide effectiveness. It is often wise to follow the first
subject to drift.
application with a second application of a tank mix
While backpack or hand sprayers may be suitable of post- and pre-emergence herbicides about three
for spot treatment with post-emergence herbicides, weeks after the first. This controls any weeds that
do not use them to apply pre-emergent herbicides have emerged since the first application and puts the
around fruit plants. The application rate is critical with pre- emergence in place at the right time, so it lasts
pre-emergent herbicides, and hand sprayers cannot through the main period of weed emergence.
be calibrated well enough for accurate application.
Spot treatments with suitable post-emergence her-
Slight application rate errors can cause severe damage
bicides keeps the planting weed-free for most of the
to fruit plants.
season. Always observe pre-harvest intervals. Many
Calibrate each sprayer carefully and apply herbicides pre-emergence herbicides can be applied in spring or
according to the suggested rates. Note that when ap- fall, and some labels suggest a split application. Fall
plying many pre-emergence herbicides to the soil, you applications can be very effective at managing weeds.

251
Site Preparation Before Planting Good Rules to Remember
Most perennial weeds cannot be controlled effectively 1. The rates recommended in this guide are mid-
in the spring before planting or once the crop is planted. range rates applicable for medium to fine soils.
Growers should strive to eradicate established peren- Always refer to labels for full details about rates
nial weeds during site preparation in the season prior depending on soil type, organic matter content,
to establishing the crop. age of plants, etc.
You should apply glyphosate (a nonselective sys- 2. Applying post-emergence herbicides under stress
temic herbicide) products such as Roundup, Touch- conditions to weeds (such as high temperatures
down, and many other formulations in the summer in midsummer, drought, cool temperatures in the
prior to planting when weeds are actively growing. spring, etc.) may result in poor weed control.
Applying glyphosate just before harvesting winter 3. Use a fixed-spray boom, appropriate nozzles, and
wheat or rye — this is known as a pre-harvest treat- low pressure for even application without drift.
ment — is an excellent way to control creeping peren-
nials such as Canada thistle and goldenrod. 4. Spray only in little or no wind (less than 5 mph).
Treatments applied to stubble can also be highly effec- 5. Adjust rates according to bandwidth.
tive. Fields that are in hay or pasture should be allowed 6. Follow herbicide restrictions on new plantings.
to grow in the spring or fall until the grass is at least 8 Allow plants to become well established and the
inches tall. Ideally, perennial broadleaf weeds should soil well settled around plants before application.
be approximately at the bud to early flowering stage 7. Use herbicide sprayers for herbicides only.
at the time of treatment. Summer and early fall appli-
cations of glyphosate may be more effective against 8. Clean sprayers thoroughly when changing her-
perennial broadleaf weeds than spring applications. bicides, especially when you have used 2,4-D,
Chateau, or Prowl.
Allow five to seven days for glyphosate to trans-
locate throughout the root system before plowing 9. Store pesticides in locked storage. Do not allow
under. This should be followed by repeated shallow liquid pesticides to freeze.
cultivation as green “flushes” of weed seedlings ap- 10. Protect the environment — avoid surface or ground
pear. An alternative is to apply paraquat (Gramoxone) water contamination. Dispose of excess spray
or glufosinate (Rely or generics) for contact nonselec- material carefully and according to label directions.
tive weed control as flushes of weed seedlings appear. Do not allow grazing in treated areas.
11. Read the label. Understand it thoroughly. Follow
Trade Name and Active Ingredient (a.i.) its directions.
Herbicide labels list the chemical names of the active
ingredients and the percentage or amount of the
active ingredients as “a.i.” Herbicides come in various
formulations and under various trade names. For the
sake of brevity, only the original trade name is listed
in this guide. See the table on pages 281-284 for other
trade names registered for use on fruit crops.
Always read each label carefully, as rates and labeled
crops may differ between labels with similar active
ingredients. Follow the recommended rates as they
are listed on the label of the product you plan to use.

Use Restrictions
Federal regulations control herbicide use and prescribe
the crops the herbicides can be used on, as well as the
timing and rates for which these materials are registered.
Use only registered materials at the recommended
rates for the crops listed. Herbicides are covered by
Worker Protection Standards where they apply. Labels
include restricted-entry intervals (REI) and personal
protective equipment (PPE) information. Product la-
bels are the final authority — follow them carefully.

252
Herbicide Recommendations for Apple and Pear
For generic herbicides, see pages 281-284.
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual grasses and Alion (Indaziflam 1.67 Trees must be established at least 3 years after transplanting. Avoid direct or indirect spray
broadleaves lb a.i./gal) at 5.0-6.5 fl
contact with crop foliage, green bark, roots, or fruit, as it may cause localized crop injury
oz in minimum of 10 and death. Allow at least 30 days between applications. Do not exceed 10.3 fl oz per acre in a
gal water 12-month period. Do not apply to frozen ground. Do not apply within 25 feet of ponds, rivers,
streams, or wetlands. Spot spraying is not recommended. Shake container well before use.
14-day PHI.
annual and perennial Casoron CS (dichlo- Apply from late fall to early spring prior to weed emergence or when weeds are less than 2
grasses and broad- benil 1.4 lb a.i./gal) at inches tall. Apply when temperatures are below 70°F. Do not use on light sandy soils. Do not
leaves 1.4-2.8 gal in 7-100 gal use until 1 year after transplanting. Do not use in nurseries.
water
annual broadleaves Chateau SW (flumiox- Do not apply to trees established less than 1 year unless protected from spray contact by
and suppression of azin 51% a.i.) at 6-12 nonporous wraps. Do not apply after bud break on apples unless using a hooded or shielded
grasses oz in 15-75 gal water sprayer. Do not apply to fine textured soils. Do not exceed 2 applications in a growing season
or make a sequential application within 30 days of the first application. Do not apply when
plants are under stress. Do not apply within 300 yards of nondormant pears. Do not incor-
porate. Do not allow drift to contact foliage or green bark. Do not exceed 24 oz per season.
Minimum 30 days between applications. 60-day PHI.
annual broadleaves Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen Dormant Application Only: Effective both pre-emergence (5-8 pt) and post-emergence (2-8
and suppression of 2 lb a.i./gal) at 2-8 pt pt) as directed spray on weeds larger than 4 inches. Do not apply from bud swell until harvest
grasses in minimum of 20 gal completion. Can be mixed with other pre-emergence herbicides or with Roundup or Gramox-
water one. Do not exceed 8 pt per year.
annual broadleaves GoalTender (oxyflu- Dormant Application Only: Effective both pre-emergence banded application (2.5-4 pt) and
and suppression of orfen 4 lb a.i./gal) at post-emergence (1-4 pt) as directed spray on weeds larger than 4 inches. Do not apply from
grasses 2.5-4 pt in minimum bud swell until harvest completion. Can be mixed with other pre-emergence herbicides or
of 20 gal water with Roundup or Gramoxone. Do not exceed 3 pt per year on a broadcast basis.
annual grasses and Karmex DF (diuron Effective both pre-emergence and post-emergence (min. 70°F with high humidity). Apply
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 4 lb in under trees established at least 1 year. Do not treat trees grafted on full-dwarf rootstocks. Do
25-40 gal water not exceed 1 application per year.
Apple Only: May be tank mixed with Sinbar (1.5-2 lb each) in orchards established at least 2
years. Karmex/Sinbar can be applied in the spring before weeds emerge or after harvest in
the fall.
annual and perennial Kerb SC (pronamide Apply as a directed spray in the fall after harvest prior to soil freeze-up. Rainfall or irrigation
grasses and certain 35.6% a.i.) at 2.5-9.5 are required to activate. Do not apply more than 9.5 pt/A/year or make more than 1 application
broadleaves pt in 40-50 gal water. per year.
Rate depends on Age restriction: Kerb SC may not be applied to (1) trees less than 1 year old, (2) fall-transplanted
weed pressure and stock transplanted less than 1 year old, or (3) spring-transplanted stock transplanted less than
soil type. See table on 6 months. Restricted use pesticide.
label.
annual grasses and Matrix FNV (rimsulfu- Apply only to crops that have been established for 1 full growing season and are in good
broadleaves ron 25% a.i.) at 4 oz health and vigor. Weeds are controlled for 60-90 days after application. Matrix burns down
in minimum of 10 gal small, actively growing weeds less than 1 inch tall. When weeds are present at application, a
water labeled burndown herbicide such as glyphosate, paraquat, or glufosinate with an appropriate
adjuvant improves control. Avoid direct or indirect contact with crop foliage or fruit, except
undesirable suckers. Do not use Matrix FNV in a spray solution with a pH below 4.0 or above
8.0. Best results are obtained when the soil is moist at the time of application and 0.5 inch of
rainfall or sprinkler irrigation occurs within 2 weeks of application. 7-day PHI.
(Continued)

253
Herbicide Recommendations for Apple and Pear (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual grasses and Princep 4L (simazine Apply under trees established at least 1 year. Apply in spring before weeds emerge, avoiding
broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-4 qt contact with fruit, foliage, or stems. Do not apply more than 4 qt per acre per calendar year.
in minimum of 40 gal 150- day PHI for apples.
water
broadleaves Sandea (halosulfu- Apple Only: Apply a single or sequential application based on weed pressure. Apply to bare
ron- methyl 75% a.i.) ground for best results. If small weeds are present, mix with a post-emergence broad-spec-
0.5-1 oz in minimum trum herbicide.
of 15 gal water
annual grasses and Sinbar WDG (terbacil Apple Only: Apply either in the spring before weeds emerge or during early stages of seedling
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 0.5-4 lb growth, or after harvest in the fall. Trees must be established at least 3 years. Do not contact
in minimum of 20 gal foliage or fruit with spray or mist. 60-day PHI.
water Non-bearing: (young, newly planted) Apple: Apply at 0.5-1 lb Make the first application after
a significant rainfall or irrigation event that allows the ground to settle around the base of the
trees. Make 1-2 applications per season. Do not exceed 1 lb per year. Do not use on soils with
<1% organic matter.
annual grasses and Solicam DF (norflura- Apply a directed spray to settled and firm soil from fall to early spring before weeds emerge.
broadleaves and zon 78.6% a.i.) at 5 lb Soil should be settled and firm. Rainfall or irrigation of 0.5 inch is needed within 4 weeks. Do
suppression of yellow in minimum of 20 gal not contact fruit or foliage. Do not apply after bud break on sandy loam soils. Check label for
nutsedge water maximum amount allowed per year depending on soil type.
Apple: Can be applied immediately after planting.
Pear: Minimum 12 months after planting east of the Mississippi River before first application;
minimum 18 months after planting west of the Mississippi before first planting. 60-day PHI.
annual grasses and Surflan 4AS (oryzalin Make a single band or broadcast application to the ground beneath trees before weeds
certain broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-6 qt emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or post-emergence mixed with Roundup or Gramoxone.
in 20-40 gal of water Rainfall or irrigation (0.5 inch) is required for activation. Minimum 2.5 months between appli-
cations. Do not exceed 12 qt per year.
annual and perennial Zeus Prime|XC Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base of the trunks. If weeds
grasses and broad- (carfentrazone- ethyl are present, tank mix with a post-emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply a
leaves 3.5% and sulfentra- single broadcast application at 15.2 fl oz per acre (0.41 lb a.i./acre). May be applied as a banded
zone 31.8% a.i.) at treatment twice per year. Do not exceed 15.2 fl oz (0.41 lb a.i)/acre/year. Do not apply after
7.7-15.2 fl oz per acre petal fall except with a hooded shielded sprayer. 14-day PHI. Do not tank mix with Chateau or
in minimum of 10 gal with other products containing sulftentrazone.
water Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 2 years and are in good
condition.

Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Aim EC (carfentra- Apply any time during the season. Always add NIS 0.25% v/v or crop oil 1% v/v. Mix with
zone 2 lb a.i./gal) at 2 Roundup or Gramoxone for broader weed control. Do not exceed 7.9 fl oz per year. Minimum 14
fl oz in 20 gal of water days between applications. 3-day PHI.
Sucker Control: Apply when suckers are green. Do not allow spray to contact fruit, foliage, or
green bark.
annual and some Amine 4 (2,4-D) at 1-4 Apply as directed spray to annuals 1-2 inches high and to perennials up to early bud stage. Do
perennial broadleaves pt in 5-25 gal water not allow spray to contact leaves, fruit, limbs or exposed roots of tree. Use coarse spray and
low pressure to avoid drift. Do not apply during windy periods, when there is a temperature
inversion or at extremely high temperatures. Non-bearing trees must be established at least 1
year. On bearing trees, do not apply during bloom and only after irrigation. Do not apply to bare
ground. Use higher rate on perennial weeds. Do not exceed 2 applications per year. Maximum
75 days between applications. 14-day PHI.
(Continued)

254
Herbicide Recommendations for Apple and Pear (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Chateau WDG (flumi- Do not apply to trees established less than 1 year unless protected from spray contact by
and suppression of oxazin 51% a.i.) at 6-12 nonporous wraps. Do not apply after bud break on apples unless using a hooded or shielded
grasses oz in 15-75 gal water sprayer. Do not apply to fine textured soils. Do not exceed 2 applications in a growing season
or a sequential application within 30 days of the first application. Do not apply when plants
are under stress. All applications to pears or within 100 meters of pears must be made when
they are dormant and 2 months before spring bud break. Apply alone pre-emergence or tank
mix with Roundup or Gramoxone post-emergence with a crop oil 1% v/v or NIS 0.25% v/v. Do
not incorporate. Do not allow drift to contact foliage or green bark. Do not exceed 24 oz per
season. Minimum 30 days between applications. 60-day PHI.
annual broadleaves Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen See Pre-emergence section (page 253) for details.
2 lb a.i./gal) at 2-8 pt
in minimum 40 gal
water
annual broadleaves GoalTender (oxyflu- See Pre-emergence section (page 253) for details.
orfen 4 lb a.i./gal) at
2.5-4 pt in minimum
40 gal water
most annual grasses Gramoxone (paraquat Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds. Repeat applications are necessary to give
and broadleaf weeds 3 lb a.i./gal) at 1.7-2.7 sustained control. Apply as a coarse spray. Always add NIS 0.25% v/v (2 pt/100 gal) or crop
and top kill of peren- pt in minimum of 10 oil 1% v/v (1 gal/100 gal). Do not allow spray to contact leaves, fruit, or green stems. May be
nial weeds gal water used for root sucker control. Do not exceed 5 applications per year. If application made during
harvest, pick all fruit off of the ground prior to application. Restricted use pesticide. Only
certified applicators can mix, load and apply. Not to be used by uncertified persons
working under the supervision of a certified applicator. Applicators must complete an
EPA- approved paraquat training every 3 years https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker
-safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators Containers under 120 gallons
will have “closed-system” packaging to be used with a closed-transfer system. Harvest
crop at normal maturity.
annual grasses and Karmex DF (diuron See Pre-emergence section (page 253) for details.
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 4 lb in
25-40 gal water
annual and perennial Poast 1.5EC (sethoxy- Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grass before they exceed maximum recom-
grasses dim 1.5 lb a.i./gal) at mended heights. Always add crop oil 1.25% v/v. Do not exceed 2.5 pt per application or 7.5 pt
1.5-2.5 pt in 25 gal per season. 14-day PHI.
water
annual and perennial Rely 280 (glufosinate Apply as a directed spray to actively growing weeds. Avoid spray drift or mist contact with
grasses and broad- 2.34 lb a.i./gal) at 48- green bark, stems, or foliage, as injury may occur. Only trunks with callused, mature brown
leaves 82 fl oz in minimum of bark should be sprayed unless protected by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed con-
20 gal water tainers. Maximum rate is 246 fl oz per acre in a 12-month period. Add AMS to the spray tank if
spray water is hard. Do not make spot or directed spray applications to tree trunks or to apple
suckers, as tree injury may occur. Do not apply more than 246 fl oz of product per acre per
calendar year or make more than 3 applications at a maximum rate of 82 fl oz per acre per
year. Applications must be a minimum of 14 days apart. 14-day PHI.
annuals and some Roundup Weath- Rate depends on weed species and stage of growth. See label for details. Do not exceed 7 qt
perennial grasses erMax, Roundup per acre per year. Apply as preplant broadcast application or in fall for control of roots and
and broadleaves PowerMax 5.5EC rhizomes of perennial weeds or as a directed spray or wiper application (33-100% solution)
(glyphosate 5.5 lb a.i./ to actively growing weeds in established plantings. Always add AMS 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard
gal) at 11 fl oz-3.3 qt in water or drought conditions. Do not allow spray to contact any part other than mature bark.
10-40 gal water Avoid application to suckers and recent pruning wounds. Does not provide residual control.
Can be mixed with labeled pre-emergence herbicides. 1-day PHI.
(Continued)

255
Herbicide Recommendations for Apple and Pear (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
broadleaves and Sandea (halosulfu- Apple Only: For best results, use a NIS with post-emergence applications. Avoid spray drift
nutsedge ron- methyl 75% a.i.) on tree foliage and fruit, and do not apply when temperatures exceed 85°F. Do not apply to
0.5-1 oz in minimum trees established less than 1 year. Do not exceed 2 oz per 12-month period. May not control
of 15 gal water ALS-resistant weeds.
Make a single application using a minimum of 0.75 oz per acre of Sandea when nutsedge is
fully emerged at the 3- to 5-leaf stage. A second application may be made later in the season
for secondary nutsedge emergence.
annuals and perennial Scythe 4.2E (pelar- For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum of actively growing weeds.
grasses and broad- gonic acid 4.2 lb a.i./ Use low rate for annual weed control and high rates for maximum vegetative burndown. Use
leaves gal) at 3-10% spray as a directed or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
mix
most annual and Select Max (clethod- Apply post-emergence as a directed spray to young, actively growing grasses. Do not exceed
perennial grasses im 0.97 lb a.i./gal) at 16 fl oz/A in a single application or per season. A minimum 14-day interval is required for
12-16 fl oz repeat applications. Add NIS at 0.25% v/v or COC/MSO at 1 qt/A or 1% v/v. 14-day PHI.
most annual and Stinger (clopyralid 3 Apple only: Make one or two applications per crop year. Apply only to trees 1 year or older.
perennial broadleaves lb a.i./ gal) at 1/3-2/3 Avoid direct contact with foliage, fruit, or tree trunks. Do not apply during bloom east of the
pt in 10 gal or more Rocky Mountains. Do not exceed a total of 2/3 pt per acre per crop year. 30-day PHI.
of total spray volume
per acre
annual and perennial Treevix (saflufenacil Trees must be established for 12 months prior to application. May be applied as a single appli-
broadleaves 0.7 lb a.i.) at 1 oz in cation or up to 3 times per season with a separation of 21 days between sprays. Do not exceed
20-40 gal water 3.0 oz per acre per cropping season. Trunk shields should be used until trees have been estab-
lished for 2-3 years. For optimum burndown, use with methylated seed oil (MSO), ammonium
sulfate (AMS), or urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) adjuvant. Do not use an NIS as a substitute for
MSO. Apply only when wind is 10 mph or less and blowing away from nontarget areas. Rainfast
in 1 hour. Do not use in tree nurseries. 0-day PHI.
annual and perennial Venue (Pyrafluven Apply as a directed spray during dormant period and prior to bloom. Avoid contact with foliage
broadleaves ethyl 2% a.i.) at 3.0- and green bark. More effective on weeds less than 4 inches tall and 3 inches in diameter. Use
4.0 fl oz plus other higher rate and spray volume for larger weeds. Do not exceed 3 applications or 6.8 fl oz per
labeled herbicides in acre per season. Allow a minimum of 30 days between applications. Adding COC or NIS is
minimum of 20 gal recommended.
water May be used for sucker growth control on the basil portion of trunks and root sprouts when
tissue is young, immature and not hardened off. Avoid contact with green uncallused bark of
young trees less than one year old unless protected by nonporous wraps or grow tubes. Do
not allow spray to drift onto desirable fruit or foliage as damage will occur. May be mixed with
2, 4-D, glyphosate, or grass herbicides for enhanced control. Not registered in all states. Spray
water pH needs to be less than 7.5. 0-day PHI.

256
Herbicide Recommendations for Peach, Nectarine, Plum, and Cherry
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual grasses and Alion (indaziflam 1.67 Trees must be established at least 3 years after transplanting. Avoid direct or indirect spray
broadleaves lb a.i./gal) at 5.0-6.5 fl
contact with crop foliage, green bark, roots, or fruit, as it may cause localized crop injury
oz in minimum of 10 and death. Allow at least 30 days between applications. Do not exceed 10.3 fl oz per acre in a
gal water 12-month period. Do not apply to frozen ground. Do not apply within 25 feet of ponds, rivers,
streams, or wetlands. Spot spraying is not recommended. Shake container well before use.
14-day PHI.
annual and perennial Casoron CS (dichlo- Cherry Only: Apply from late fall to early spring prior to weed emergence, or when weeds are
grasses and broad- benil 1.4 lb a.i./gal) at less than 2 inches tall. Apply when temperatures are below 70°F. Do not use on light sandy
leaves 1.4-2.8 gal in 7-100 gal soils or until 1 year after transplanting. Do not use in nurseries.
water
annual broadleaves Chateau WDG Do not apply to trees established less than 2 years unless protected from spray contact by
and suppression of (flumioxazin 51% a.i.) nonporous wraps. Do not apply during the period after flowering through leaf drop unless
grasses at 6-12 oz in 15-75 gal shielded application equipment ensures that spray drift will not contact crop foliage. Do
water not apply to fine- textured soils. Do not apply within 100 meters of nondormant pears. Apply
alone pre-emergence or tank mix with Gramoxone post-emergence with a crop oil 1% v/v
or NIS 0.25% v/v. Do not incorporate. Do not allow drift to contact foliage or green bark. Do
not exceed 24 oz per season or exceed 2 applications per growing season. Minimum 30 days
between applications. 60-day PHI.
annual broadleaves Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen Dormant Application Only: Effective both pre-emergence (5-8 pt) and post-emergence
and suppression of 2 lb a.i./gal) at 5-8 pt (2-8 pt) as a directed spray on weeds larger than 4 inches. Do not apply from bud swell until
grasses in minimum of 20 gal harvest completion. Can be mixed with other pre-emergence herbicides or with Roundup or
water Gramoxone. Do not exceed 8 pt per year.
annual broadleaves GoalTender (oxyflu- Dormant Application Only: Effective both pre-emergence banded application (2.5-4 pt) and
and suppression of orfen 4 lb a.i./gal) at post-emergence (1-4 pt) as directed spray on weeds larger than 4 inches. Do not apply from
grasses 2.5-4 pt in minimum bud swell until harvest completion. Can be mixed with other pre-emergence herbicides or
of 20 gal water with Roundup or Gramoxone. Do not exceed 3 pt per year on a broadcast basis.
annual grasses and Karmex DF diuron Peach Only: Effective both pre-emergence and post-emergence (minimum 70°F with high
broadleaves (80% a.i.) at 2-5 lb in humidity). Apply under trees established at least 3 years. May be tank mixed with Sinbar (2
25-40 gal water lb each) in orchards established at least 2 years. Karmex/Sinbar can be applied in the spring
before weeds emerge or after harvest in the fall. Do not exceed 1 application per year. 20-day
PHI for IL and MO. 3-month PHI for other states.
annual and perennial Kerb SC (pronamide Apply as a directed spray in the fall after harvest prior to soil freeze-up. Rainfall or irrigation
grasses and certain 35.6% a.i.) at 2.5-9.5 are required to activate. Do not apply more than 9.5 pt/A/year or make more than 1 application
broadleaves pt in 40-50 gal water. per year.
Rate depends on Age restriction: Kerb SC may not be applied to (1) trees less than 1 year old, (2) fall-transplant-
weed pressure and ed stock transplanted less than 1 year old, or (3) spring-transplanted stock transplanted less
soil type. See table than 6 months. Restricted use pesticide.
on label.
annual grasses and Matrix FNV (rimsulfu- Apply only to crops that have been established for 1 full growing season and are in good
broadleaves ron 25% a.i.) at 4 oz health and vigor. Weeds are controlled for 60-90 days after application. Matrix burns down
in minimum of 10 gal small actively growing weeds less than 1 inch tall. When weeds are present at application, a
water labeled burndown herbicide such as paraquat with an appropriate adjuvant improves control.
Avoid direct or indirect contact with crop foliage or fruit, except undesirable suckers. Do not
use Matrix FNV in a spray solution with a pH below 4.0 or above 8.0. Best results are obtained
when the soil is moist at the time of application and 0.5 inch of rainfall or sprinkler irrigation
occurs within 2 weeks of application. 14-day PHI.
annual grasses and Princep 4L (simazine Apply under trees established at least 1 year. Apply in spring before weeds emerge avoiding
broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 1.6-4 contact with fruit, foliage, or stems.
qt in minimum of 40 Peach Only: Use only in AR, MO, and states east of the Mississippi River.
gal water Plum, Sweet Cherry Only: Use only in MO and states east of the Mississippi River.
(Continued)

257
Herbicide Recommendations for Peach, Nectarine, Plum, and Cherry (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual grasses and Sinbar WDG (terbacil Peach Only: Apply either in the spring before weeds emerge or during early stages of
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 0.5-4 lb seedling growth or after harvest in the fall. Trees must be established at least 3 years. Do not
in minimum of 20 gal contact foliage or fruit with spray or mist. 60-day PHI.
water Non-bearing (young, newly planted) Stone Fruits: Apply at 0.5-1 lb Make the first applica-
tion after a significant rainfall or irrigation event that allows the ground to settle around the
base of the trees. Make 1-2 applications per season. Do not exceed 1 lb per year. Do not use on
soils with <1% OM.
annual grasses and Solicam DF (noraflu- Apply a directed spray from fall to early spring before weeds emerge. Soil should be settled
broadleaves and razon 78.6% a.i.) at and firm. Rainfall or irrigation of 0.5 inch is needed within 4 weeks. Do not contact fruit or
suppression of yellow 3.75-5 lb in minimum foliage. Do not apply after bud break on sandy loam soils. Check label for maximum amount
nutsedge of 20 gal water allowed per year depending on soil type.
Peach, Nectarine: minimum 6 months after planting before first application.
Plum: minimum 12 months after planting before first application.
Cherry: minimum 18 months after planting before first application. 60-day PHI.
annual grasses and Surflan 4AS (oryzalin Make a single band of broadcast application to the ground beneath trees before weeds
certain broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-6 qt emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or post-emergence mixed with Roundup or Gramoxone.
in 20-40 gal of water Minimum 0.5 inch rainfall or irrigation required for activation. Minimum 2.5 months between
applications. Do not exceed 12 qt per year.
annual grasses and Treflan HFP 4EC Peach, Plum Only: Incorporate within 24 hours to reduce loss of activity.
broadleaves (trifluralin 4 lb a.i./ New Plantings: Apply 1.25-2 pt and incorporate before transplanting.
gal) at 1.5-4 pt in 5-40 Established Plantings: Apply 2-4 pt and incorporate prior to period of weed germination or
gal water after removal of weeds with tillage of herbicides.

Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Aim EC (carfentra- Apply any time during the season. Add NIS (2 pt/100 gal) or COC (1 gal/100 gal). Mix with
zone 2 lb a.i./gal) at 2 Roundup or Gramoxone for broader weed control. Do not exceed 7.9 fl oz per year. Minimum 14
fl oz in 20 gal water days between applications. 3-day PHI.
Sucker Management: Apply when suckers are green. Do not allow spray to contact fruit,
foliage, or green bark.
annual and some Amine 4 (2,4-D) at 1-4 Apply as directed spray to annuals 1-2 inches high and to perennials up to early bud stage. Do
perennial broadleaves pt in 5-25 gal water not allow spray to contact leaves, fruit, limbs or exposed roots of tree. Use coarse spray and
low pressure to avoid drift. Do not apply during windy periods, when there is a temperature
inversion or at extremely high temperatures. Non-bearing trees must be established at least 1
year. On bearing trees, do not apply during bloom and only after irrigation. Do not apply to bare
ground. Use higher rate on perennial weeds. Do not exceed 2 applications per year. Maximum
75 days between applications. 40-day PHI.
most annual and Fusilade DX (Fluazifop- Apply post-emergence as a directed spray avoiding contact with tree foliage to young actively
perennial grasses P-butyl 2 lb a.i./gal) growing grasses. Add a COC at 1% v/v (1 gal/100 gal) or NIS at 0.25-0.5% v/v (1-2 qt/100 gal) in
at 16-24 fl oz in 20-40 the finished spray volume. Do not exceed 72 fl oz per acre per year. Maintain a minimum of 21
gal water days between applications. Do not exceed a maximum of 3 applications per year. 14-day PHI.
annual broadleaves Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen See Pre-emergence section (page 257) for details.
2 lb a.i./gal) at 5-8 pt
in minimum of 40 gal
water
annual broadleaves GoalTender (oxyflu- See Pre-emergence section (page 257) for details.
orfen 4 lb a.i./gal) at
2.5-4 pt in minimum
of 40 gal water
(Continued)

258
Herbicide Recommendations for Peach, Nectarine, Plum, and Cherry (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
most annual grasses Gramoxone (paraquat Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds. Repeat applications are necessary to give
and broadleaf weeds 3 lb a.i./gal) at 1.7-2.7 sustained control. Apply as a coarse spray. Always add NIS 0.25% v/v or crop oil 1% v/v. Do
and top kill of peren- pt in minimum of 10 not allow spray to contact leaves, fruit, or green stems. Do not exceed 3 applications per year.
nial weeds gal water Restricted use pesticide. Only certified applicators can mix, load and apply. Not to be
used by uncertified persons working under the supervision of a certified applicator.
Applicators must complete an EPA-approved paraquat training every 3 years https://
www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-
applicators Containers under 120 gallons will have “closed-system” packaging to be
used with a closed-transfer system. 14-day PHI peach; 28-day PHI nectarine, plum, cherry.
annual grasses and Karmex DF diuron See Pre-emergence section (page 257) for details.
broadleaves (80% a.i.) at 2-5 lb in
25-40 gal water
annual and perennial Poast 1.5E (sethoxy- Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before they exceed maximum recom-
grasses dim 1.5 lb a.i./gal) at mended heights. Always add crop oil 1.25% v/v. Do not exceed 2.5 pt per application or 5 pt per
1.5-2.5 pt in 25 gal season. Peach, plum, and nectarine are very tolerant to Poast and may be applied over the top
water of small non-bearing trees. 25-day PHI.
annual and perennial Rely 280 (glufosinate Apply as a directed spray to actively growing weeds. Avoid spray drift or mist contact with
grasses and broad- 2.34 lb a.i./gal) at 48- green bark, stems, or foliage, as injury may occur. Only trunks with callused, mature brown
leaves 82 fl oz in minimum bark should be sprayed unless protected by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed contain-
of 20 gal water ers. Add AMS to the spray tank if spray water is hard. Maximum rate is 164 fl oz per acre in a
12-month period. Do not make more than 2 applications at a maximum rate of 82 fl oz per acre
per year. Do not make spot or directed spray applications to tree trunks or to suckers as tree
injury may occur. Applications must be a minimum of 28 days apart. 14-day PHI.
annuals and some Roundup 5.5EC Rate depends on weed species and growth stage. See label for details. Apply as preplant
perennial grasses (glyphosate 5.5 lb broadcast application or in fall for control of roots and rhizomes of perennial weeds or as a di-
and broadleaves a.i./gal) at 11 fl oz- 3.3 rected spray or wiper application (33-100% solution) to actively growing weeds in established
qt in 10-40 gal water plantings. Always add AMS 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions. Do not allow
(many other formu- spray to contact any part other than mature bark. Avoid application to suckers and recent
lations) pruning wounds. Use extreme care to ensure that no part of peach tree is contacted with
spray. Apply only near trees that have been planted in the orchard for 2 or more years. Does
not provide residual control; can be mixed with labeled pre-emergence herbicides. 17-day PHI.
annual and perennial Scythe 4.2E (pelar- For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum of actively growing weeds.
grasses and broad- gonic acid 4.2 lb a.i./ Use low rate for annual weed control and high rates for maximum vegetative burndown. Use
leaves gal) at 3-10% spray as a directed or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
mix
most annual and pe- Select Max (clethod- Apply post-emergence as a directed spray to young, actively growing grasses. Do not exceed
rennial broadleaves im 0.97 lb a.i./gal) at 16 fl oz/A in a single application or per season. A minimum 14-day interval is required for
12-16 fl oz repeat applications. Add NIS at 0.25% v/v or COC/MSO at 1 qt/A or 1% v/v. 14-day PHI.
most annual and pe- Stinger (clopyralid 3 Make one or two applications per crop year. Apply only to trees 1 year or older. Avoid direct
rennial broadleaves lb a.i./ gal) at 1/3-2/3 contact with foliage, fruit, or tree trunks. Do not apply during bloom east of the Rocky Moun-
pt in 10 gal or more tains. Do not exceed 2/3 pt per acre per crop year. 30-day PHI.
of total spray volume
per acre
(Continued)

259
Herbicide Recommendations for Peach, Nectarine, Plum, and Cherry (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
annual and perennial Venue (Pyrafluven Apply as a directed spray during dormant period and prior to bloom. Avoid contact with foliage
broadleaves ethyl 2% a.i.) at 0.7- and green bark. More effective on weeds less than 4 inches tall and 3 inches in diameter.
4.0 fl oz plus other Use higher rate and spray volume for larger weeds. Do not exceed 3 applications or 6.8 fl oz
labeled herbicides in per acre per season. Allow a minimum of 30 days between applications. Adding COC or NIS
minimum of 20 gal is recommended. May be used for sucker growth control on the basil portion of trunks and
water root sprouts when tissue is young, immature and not hardened off. Avoid contact with green
uncallused bark of young trees less than one year old unless protected by nonporous wraps or
grow tubes. Do not allow spray to drift onto desirable fruit or foliage as damage will occur.
May be mixed with 2, 4-D, glyphosate, or grass herbicides for enhanced control. Spray water
pH needs to be less than 7.5. 0-day PHI.

Herbicide Recommendations for Non-bearing Fruit Trees Only

Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre- and Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Broadloom (bentazon Apply as a directed post-emergence spray. Always add COC 1% v/v. Avoid spraying stems,
and yellow nutsedge 4 lb a.i./gal) at 1.5-2 pt bark, or foliage. Do not exceed 2 pt per application or exceed 4 pt per season. 1-year PHI.
in minimum of 20 gal
water
most annual and Fusilade DX (Fluazi- For non-bearing apple and pear that will not be harvested within 1 year after application.
perennial grasses fop-P-butyl 2 lb a.i./ Apply post-emergence as a directed spray, avoiding contact with tree foliage to young actively
gal) at 16-24 fl oz in growing grasses. Add COC at 1% v/v (1 gal/100 gal) or NIS at 0.25-0.5% v/v (1-2 qt/100 gal) in
20-40 gal water the finished spray volume. Do not exceed 72 fl oz per acre or 3 applications per year. Maintain
a minimum of 14 days between applications.
most broadleaves Gallery 75DF (isoxa- Apply in late summer to early fall; or pre-emergence in early spring prior to seed germination
ben 75% a.i.) at 0.66- or immediately after cultivation. Do not apply to new transplants until soil has settled with
1.33 lb in minimum of no cracks present. Rainfall or irrigation (1/2 inch) is needed within 21 days of application. Not
10 gal water effective on germinated weeds. Minimum 60 days between applications. Maximum rate is 4 lb
per acre.
annual grasses and Prowl 3.3EC (pendi- Do not apply if buds have started to swell. May be applied preplant incorporated, preplant
certain broadleaves methalin 3.3 lb a.i./gal) surface, or pre-emergence. For best results, rain or irrigation is needed within 21 days of
Short-term weed application. Not effective on germinated weeds. Do not allow spray to contact leaves, shoots,
control: at 2.4 qt in or buds. For new plantings, do not apply until soil has settled and no cracks are present.
minimum of 20 gal
water
Long-term weed
control: 4.8 qt in
minimum of 20 gal
water
annual grasses and Reglone (diquat 2 lb Apply post-emergence as a directed spray using a shield for contact burn of weeds. Always
broadleaves a.i./gal) at 1.5-2 pt in use NIS at 0.5% v/v. Complete coverage is essential for good control, and best control is on
minimum of 15 gal weeds 1”-6” in height. Can be used during site preparations and up to within 1 year of harvest.
water Do not allow contact with green stems, foliage, or fruits. Apply when wind speeds are 3-10
mph. Do not use for food or feed for 1 year after application. 1-year PHI.
annual grasses and Showcase 1.25G For use on stone fruits only; not labeled for apple or pear. Use as a dormant application for
broadleaves (granular) (triflualin + stone fruits only. Apply prior to weed germination or immediately after cultivation. 1-year PHI.
isoxaben + oxyfluo-
rfen 1.25 lb a.i./50-lb
bag) at 100-200 lb
(Continued)
260
Herbicide Recommendations for Non-bearing Fruit Trees Only (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre- and Post-emergence
annual grasses and Snapshot 2.5TG Apply pre-emergence on weed-free clean soil. For best results 1/2 inch rain or irrigation is
certain broadleaves (isoxaben + trifluralin needed within 3 days of application. Not effective on germinated seeds. Minimum 60 days
2.5% a.i.) at 100- 200 lb between applications. Do not exceed 600 lb per year.
annual and perennial Venue (Pyrafluven Apply as directed spray during dormant period and prior to bloom. Avoid contact with foliage
broadleaves ethyl 2% a.i.) at 0.7- and green bark. More effective on weeds less than 4 inches tall and 3 inches in diameter. Use
4.0 fl oz plus other higher rate and spray volume for larger weeds. Do not exceed 3 applications or exceed 6.8 fl
labeled herbicides in oz per acre in one season. Allow a minimum of 30 days between applications. Adding COC or
a minimum of 20 gal NIS is recommended. May be mixed with 2,4-D, glyphosate, or grass herbicides for enhanced
water control. Not registered in all states. Spray water pH needs to be less than 7.5. 12-month PHI on
non-bearing trees.

Herbicide Recommendations for Grape

Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual and perennial Alion (indaziflam Only use in established vineyards at least 5 years after planting and on vines that exhibit nor-
grasses and broad- 19.05%) (1.67 lb/gal) mal growth and good vigor. Do not use on sandy soil or soils with 20% or more gravel content.
leaves at 5 fl oz Ensure 12 inches of soil barrier between the surface and the major portion of the root system.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to vines less than 5 years old.
annual and perennial Casoron CS (dichlo- Apply from late fall through early spring. Applications should be made prior to weed emer-
grasses and broad- benil 15.3% a.i.) at gence, or when emerged weeds are less than 2 inches tall. Use only on well-established
leaves 1.4-2.8 gal plants.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to vines less than 1 year old.
annual broadleaves Chateau SW (flumiox- Do not apply after bloom unless with a hooded or shielded application. Apply alone pre-emer-
and suppression of azin 51% a.i.) at 6-12 gence or tank mix with Roundup or Gramoxone post-emergence. Do not incorporate. Do not
grasses oz in 10-30 gal water allow drift to contact foliage or green bark. Do not exceed 24 oz per season. Minimum 30 days
between applications. Also has post-emergence activity. 60-day PHI.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to vines established less than 2 years unless they are trellised
at least 3 ft. from the ground or are protected by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed
containers.
annual grasses and Devrinol 2-XT (napro- Apply from late fall (prior to soil freezing) to early spring (prior to weed emergence). Apply to a
broadleaves pamide 2 lb a.i./gal) weed-free soil surface or tank mix with a suitable post-emergence herbicide. May be applied
at 2 gal per acre to newly planted and established crops. Do not exceed 2 gal per acre per crop cycle. 70-day
PHI.
annual broadleaves Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen Dormant Application Only: Effective both pre-emergence (5-8 pt) and post-emergence
and suppression of 2 lb a.i./gal/) at 5-8 pt (2-8 pt) as a directed spray on weeds less than 4 inches tall. Do not apply from bud swell to
grasses in minimum of 20 gal harvest. Can be mixed with other pre-emergence herbicides, or with Roundup or Gramoxone.
water Do not exceed 8 pt per year.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to grapes established less than 3 years unless vines are on a
trellis wire a minimum of 3 feet above ground.
annual broadleaves GoalTender (oxyflu- Dormant Application Only: Effective both pre-emergence as a banded application (2.5-4
and suppression of orfen 4 lb a.i./gal) at pt) and post-emergence (1-4 pt) as a directed spray on weeds less than 4 inches tall. Do not
grasses 2.5-4 pt in minimum apply from bud swell to harvest. Can be mixed with other pre-emergence herbicides, or with
of 20 gal water Roundup or Gramoxone. Do not exceed 4 pt per year on a band application basis.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to grapes established less than 3 years unless vines are on a
trellis wire a minimum of 3 ft. above ground.
(Continued)

261
Herbicide Recommendations for Grape (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual grasses and Karmex DF (diuron Age Restriction: Use on vineyards established at least 3 years and trunks at least 1.5 inches
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 2-6 lb in in diameter. Apply as a directed spray to soil under trellis in early spring prior to weed ger-
25-40 gal water mination. Do not exceed 1 application per year. On soils low in organic matter (1-2%), severe
injury may result if heavy rainfall occurs soon after treatment.
annual and perennial Kerb SC (pronamide Apply as a directed spray in the fall after harvest prior to freeze-up, or in early winter when
grasses and certain 35.6% a.i.) at 2.5-9.5 temperatures are below 55˚F. Rainfall or irrigation are required to activate. Do not exceed 1
broadleaves pt in 40-50 gal water. application per year or exceed 9.5 pt/A/year.
Rate depends on Age restriction: Do not apply to vines less than 1 year old. Restricted use pesticide.
weed pressure and
soil type. See table on
label.
annual grasses and Matrix FVN or SG Apply as a banded application to the base of the vines. Best results are obtained when the soil
broadleaves (rimsulfuron 25% a.i.) is moist at the time of application and 1/2 inch of rainfall or sprinkler irrigation occurs within 2
at 4 oz in a minimum weeks after application.
of 10 gal water Age Restriction: Do not apply to vines established less than one year. 14-day PHI.
annual and perennial Mission (flazasulfuron Pre emergence: Apply as a directed spray to soil beneath vines to prevent injury to foliage and
grasses and broad- 25% a.i.) at 2.14-2.85 bark of young vines. You must use a protective for third year vines to minimize injury potential.
leaves oz in 15-50 gal water Post emergence: Apply to weeds less than 4 inches tall and before tillering of grasses in suffi-
cient volume to get thorough coverage. Always use an adjuvant. Do not exceed 2 applications
at the 2.85 oz rate per acre per year.
Age Restriction: Apply to grapes established 3 years or more. 75-day PHI.
annual grasses and Princep 4L (simazine Age Restriction: Use on vineyards established at least 3 years. Apply to soil under trellis
broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-4 qt between harvest and early spring before weeds emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or tank
in 25-40 gal of water mix with Roundup or Gramoxone. Do not exceed 1 application per year.
annual grasses and Prowl H2O (pendi- Apply only to dormant grapevines. Do not apply if buds have started to swell. In bearing vine-
certain broadleaves methalin 3.8 lb a.i./ yards, this product may be applied any time after fall harvest, during winter dormancy, and in
gal) at 3.2-6.3 qt in the spring. In non-bearing vineyards this product may be applied preplant incorporated, pre-
minimum of 20 gal plant surface, or pre-emergence. For best results, rain or irrigation is needed within 21 days of
water application. Not effective on germinated weeds. Do not allow spray to contact leaves, shoots,
or buds. For new plantings, do not apply until soil has settled and no cracks are present.
annual grasses and Snapshot 2.5TG (isox- Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of ap-
certain broadleaves aben+trifluralin 2.5% plication. Rainfall or irrigation of 0.5 inch is needed within 3 days of application. Not effective
a.i.) at 100-200 lb on germinated weeds. Minimum 60 days between applications. Do not exceed 600 lb per
12-month period. Do not apply to new transplants until soil has settled and with no cracks.
annual grasses and Solicam DF (norflu- Apply as a directed spray to settled and firm soil from fall to early spring before weeds
broadleaves and razon 78.6% a.i.) at emerge. Rainfall or irrigation is needed within 4 weeks of application. Do not contact fruit or
suppression of yellow 1.25-5 lb in minimum foliage. Do not apply after bud break on sandy loam or other coarse-textured soils. Check label
nutsedge of 20 gal water for maximum amount allowed per year depending on soil type.
Age Restriction: Allow a minimum of 24 months after planting before first application. 60-day
PHI.
annual grasses and Surflan 4AS (oryzalin Make a single band or broadcast application to the ground beneath vines before weeds
certain broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-6 qt emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or post-emergence mixed with Roundup or Gramoxone.
in 20-40 gal of water Minimum 1/2 inch of rainfall or irrigation is required for activation. Minimum of 2.5 months
between applications. Do not exceed 12 qt per year.
annual grasses and Treflan HFP 4EC In a new planting, apply 1-4 pt and incorporate within 24 hours. In an established planting,
broadleaves (trifluralin 4 lb a.i./ apply 2-4 pt prior to weed germination or immediately after removal of weeds with tillage or
gal) at 1-4 pt in 5-40 other herbicides and incorporate within 24 hours. 60-day PHI.
gal water
(Continued)

262
Herbicide Recommendations for Grape (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual and perennial Trellis (isoxaben 75% Non-bearing: Apply any time before target weeds germinate or immediately after cultivation.
broadleaves a.i.) at 0.67-1.33 lb in 1-year PHI.
minimum of 10 gal Bearing: Apply before target weeds germinate or immediately after cultivation. Do not exceed
water 2 applications per crop year or exceed 1.33 lb (1.0 lb isoxaben) per acre per crop year. 165-day
PHI.
annual and perennial Zeus Prime|XC Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base of the vines. If weeds
grasses and broad- (carfentrazone- ethyl are present, tank mix with a post-emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply a
leaves 3.5% and sulfentra- single broadcast application at 15.2 fl oz per acre (0.41 lb a.i./acre). May be applied as a banded
zone 31.8% a.i.) at treatment twice per year. Do not exceed 15.2 fl oz (0.41 lb a.i)/acre/year. Minimum of 60 days
7.7-15.2 fl oz per acre between applications. Do not apply after bud break except with hooded or shielded sprayer.
in minimum of 10 gal 3-day PHI.
water Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 2 years and are in good
condition.
annual and perennial Zeus XC (sulfentra- Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base of the vines. If weeds
grasses and broad- zone 39.6% a.i.) at are present, tank mix with a post emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds. Apply
leaves 8-12 fl oz per acre in a single broadcast application at 8-12 fl oz/acre (0.25-0.375 lb a.i./acre). May be applied as
a minimum of 10 gal a banded treatment twice per year. Minimum 60 days between applications. Do not exceed
water 12 fl oz (0.375 lb a.i)/acre/ year. Do not apply after bud break except with hooded or shielded
sprayer. 3-day PHI.
Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 3 years and are in good
condition.

Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Aim EC (carfentra- Apply any time during the season as a post-emergence directed spray or as a hooded spray
zone 2 lb a.i./gal) treatment. Always add NIS at 0.5% v/v or COC at 1% v/v. Mix with Roundup or Gramoxone or
at 1-2 fl oz in 20 gal labeled pre-emergence herbicides for broader weed control. Do not exceed 7.9 fl oz per year.
water Minimum 14 days between applications. 3-day PHI.
Sucker Management: Apply when suckers are green. Do not allow spray to contact desirable
fruit, foliage, or green bark.
most annual and Fusilade DX 2EC Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at
perennial grasses (fluazifop-p 2 lb a.i./ 0.5-1% v/v or NIS at 0.25-0.5% v/v. Avoid contact with grape foliage. Rainfast in 1 hour. Do not
gal) at 16-24 fl oz in 25 exceed 24 fl oz per application per acre or exceed 72 fl oz per acre per year. Minimum 14 days
gal water between applications and a maximum of 3 applications per year. 50-day PHI.
annual broadleaves Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen See Pre-emergence section (page 261) for details.
2 lb a.i./gal/) at 5-8 pt
in minimum of 20 gal
water
annual broadleaves GoalTender (oxyflu- See Pre-emergence section (page 261) for details.
orfen 4 lb a.i./gal) at
2.5-4 pt in minimum
of 40 gal water
(Continued)

263
Herbicide Recommendations for Grape (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
most annual grasses Gramoxone (paraquat Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds. Repeat applications are necessary to give
and broadleaves and 3 lb a.i./gal) at 1.7-2.7
sustained control. Avoid contact with desired new shoots, fruit, or foliage. Apply as a coarse
top kill of perennial pt in minimum of 10 spray. Always add NIS at 0.25% v/v or COC at 1% v/v. Best results with flat fan nozzles. Do not
weeds gal water exceed 5 applications per year.
Sucker Management: Apply when suckers are less than 8 inches tall. Do not allow spray to
contact desirable fruit, foliage, or green bark. Restricted use pesticide.
Only certified applicators can mix, load and apply. Not to be used by uncertified
persons working under the supervision of a certified applicator. Applicators must
complete an EPA-approved paraquat training every 3 years https://www.epa.gov/
pesticide-worker-safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators Containers
under 120 gallons will have “closed-system” packaging to be used with a closed-trans-
fer system. Harvest at normal crop maturity.
annual and perennial Mission (flazasulfuron See Pre-emergence section (page 262) for details.
grasses and broad- 25% a.i.) at 2.14-2.85
leaves oz in 15-50 gal water
annual and perennial Poast 1.5EC (sethoxy- Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1%
grasses dim 1.5 lb a.i./gal) at v/v. Do not exceed 2.5 pt per application or exceed 5 pt per season. 50-day PHI.
1.5-2.5 pt in minimum
of 5 gal water
annual grasses and Reglone (diquat 2 lb Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvestewithin 1 year of
broadleaves a.i./gal) at 1.5-2 pt in application. Apply as a directed spray using a shield for contact burn of weeds. Apply when
minimum 15 gals of wind speed is 3-10 miles per hour. Complete coverage is essential for good control. Always use
water NIS at 0.5% v/v. Can be used during site preparation and up to 1 year of harvest. Do not allow
contact with green stems, foliage or fruits. 1-year PHI.
annual and perennial Rely 280 (glufosinate Spray only trunks with callused, mature, brown bark unless protected from spray contact
grasses and broad- 24.5% a.i. (2.34 lb/ by nonporous wraps, grow tubes, or waxed containers. Apply as a directed spray to actively
leaves gal)) at 48-82 fl oz in growing weeds. Add AMS to the spray tank if spray water is hard. Do not exceed 246 fl oz per
minimum of 15 gal acre per year. Do not make more than 3 applications at a maximum rate of 82 fl oz per acre per
water year. For spot application, mix 1.7 fl oz/gal 14-day PHI.
annuals and some Roundup WeatherMax Apply as a directed spray or wiper application to actively growing weeds in established
perennial grasses 5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5 plantings. Rate depends on equipment used, weed species, and stage of growth. See label for
and broadleaves lb a.i./gal) at 11 fl oz details. Always add ammonium sulfate at 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions
to 3.3 qt in 10-40 gal (see label). Do not allow spray to contact any part other than mature bark. Does not provide
water residual control; can be mixed with labeled pre-emergence herbicides. 14-day PHI.
annual and perennial Scythe 4.2E (pelar- For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum of actively growing weeds.
grasses and broad- gonic acid 4.2 lb a.i./ Use low rate for annual weed control and high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as
leaves gal) at 3-10% spray a directed spray or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
solution
most annual and Select Max (clethod- Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of
perennial grasses im 0.97 lb a.i./gal) at application. Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Do not use if
9-16 fl oz rain is expected within 1 hour. Always add NIS at 0.25% v/v. Do not use COC. May be applied as
a spot treatment at 0.32-0.64 fl oz per gal Do not exceed 32 fl oz per year.
annual broadleaves Venue (pyraflufen Use as a directed spray from dormancy, prior to bloom and postharvest. Repeat if needed.
ethyl 0.17 lb a.i./gal) Keep off green stems and foliage. The addition of COC at 1-2% is recommended. Not registered
at 3.0-4.0 fl oz in in all states. Do not exceed 6.8 fl oz per acre per year or 3 applications per growing season.
minimum of 20 gal
water

264
Herbicide Recommendations for Blueberry
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual grasses and Callisto (mesotrione 4 Apply pre-emergence or early post-emergence. For improved post- emergence control, apply
broadleaves lb a.i./ gal) at 3.0-6.0 split applications at 3.0.fl oz at least 14 days apart. Do not exceed 2 applications per year or
fl oz exceed 6 fl oz per year. Do not apply after the onset of bloom. Include a COC tolerated by blue-
berries if applied post-emergence to weeds.
annual and perennial Casoron CS (dichlo- Apply from late fall through early spring. Applications should be made prior to weed emer-
grasses and broad- benil 15.3% a.i.) at gence, or when emerged weeds are less than 2 inches tall. Use only on well-established
leaves 1.4-2.8 gal plants. Do not apply during new shoot emergence.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to plants less than 1 year old.
annual broadleaves Chateau SW (flumi- Apply as a uniform band directed at the base of the bush. Avoid direct spray contact to foliage
and suppression of oxazin 51% a.i.) at or green bark. Preferred application timing is in the fall. Do not exceed 6 oz per acre per ap-
grasses 6-12 oz plication. Do not make a sequential application within 30 days of the first application. Do not
exceed 12 oz per acre per 12-month period.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to plants less than 2 years old unless they are protected by
nonporous wrap, grow tubes or waxed containers. 7-day PHI.
annual grasses and Devrinol 2-XT (napro- Apply to a weed-free soil surface or tank mix with a suitable post-emergence herbicide. May
broadleaves pamide 2 lb a.i./gal) be applied to newly planted and newly established crops. Do not exceed 2 gal per acre per
at 2 gal/acre (see crop cycle.
Generic Herbicides,
pages 281-284)
most broadleaves Gallery 75DF (isoxa- Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of
ben 75% a.i.) at 0.66- application. Apply in late summer to early fall; or in early spring prior to weed germination or
1.33 lb in minimum of anytime immediately after cultivation. Do not apply to new transplants until soil has settled
10 gal water with no cracks present. Rainfall or irrigation of 1/2 inch is needed within 21 days of application.
Not effective on germinated weeds. Minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not exceed
4 lb per acre per 12-month period.
annual grasses and Karmex DF (diuron Age Restriction: Use only in fields established at least 1 year. Apply as a band treatment at
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 1.5-4 lb the base of bushes. Do not apply to exposed roots. For AR and MO Only: Apply 1.5-2 lb in
in 25-40 gal water spring and repeat after harvest in the fall. Always add NIS at 0.25% v/v. For IN and OH Only:
Selected states only Apply 2-4 lb in late spring. Alternatively, apply 2 lb in fall and repeat in spring.
annual and perennial Kerb SC (pronamide Apply as a directed spray in the fall after harvest prior to freeze-up, or in early winter when
grasses and certain 35.6% a.i.) at 2.5-5.0 temperatures are below 55˚F. Rainfall or irrigation are required to activate. Do not exceed 1
broadleaves pt in 20-50 gal water. application per year or 5.0 pt/A/year.
Rate depends on Age restriction: Do not apply to newly transplanted blueberries until roots are well estab-
weed pressure. See lished.
table on label. Restricted use pesticide.
annual and perennial Princep 4L (simazine Apply in spring before weeds emerge and before canes leaf out, or make a split application of
grasses and broad- 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-4 qt 2 qt in spring plus 2 qt in fall. Do not apply when fruit is present, or illegal residues may result.
leaves in minimum of 40 gal For plants established less than 6 months, apply half the above rate.
water
annual broadleaf Sandea (halosulfuron Apply with ground equipment as a broadcast application to the ground on either side of
weeds and nutsedge 75%) at 0.5-1 oz in the row. Apply as a single or sequential application depending on weed pressure. If small
minimum of 15 gal weeds are present, mix with a post-emergence broad-spectrum-type herbicide to maximize
water and enhance the spectrum of control. For post-emergence nutsedge control, make a single
application when nutsedge is fully emerged. Or, make 2 sequential applications. Apply the first
to the initial nutsedge flush when it has reached the 3-5-leaf stage. If a second application is
needed, it can be applied later in the season. Avoid contact with blueberry bushes. Minimum
of 45 days between applications. Do not exceed 2 oz per acre per year. 14-day PHI.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to plants established less than 1 year.
(Continued)

265
Herbicide Recommendations for Blueberry (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual grasses and Sinbar WDG (terbacil Age Restriction: Use only on plantings established at least 1 year. Best results when applied
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 2-3 lb in shortly before or after weed emergence. Avoid contact of foliage or fruit with spray or mist. Ap-
minimum of 25 gal ply either in the spring or after harvest in the fall before weeds emerge or during early stage of
water seedling regrowth. Do not use on soils where roots are exposed. Do not use on sand or loamy
sand with 1-3% organic matter. Use rate varies by soil type.
annual grasses and Snapshot 2.5TG (isox- Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of
certain broadleaves aben+trifluralin 2.5% application. Do not apply to new transplants until soil has settled. For best results, 1/2 inch of
a.i.) at 100-200 lb rain or irrigation is needed within 3 days of application. Not effective on germinated weeds.
Minimum 60 days between applications. Do not exceed 600 lb per 12-month period.
annual grasses and Solicam DF (norflura- Apply as a directed spray to settled and firm soil from fall to early spring before weeds
broadleaves and zon 78.6% a.i.) at 2.5-5 emerge. Rainfall or irrigation of 1/2 inch is needed within 4 weeks. Do not contact fruit or
suppression of yellow lb in minimum of 20 foliage. Do not apply after bud break on sandy loam soils. Check label for maximum amount
nutsedge gal water allowed per year depending on soil type. Minimum 6 months after planting before first appli-
cation. 60-day PHI.
annual grasses and Surflan 4AS (oryzalin Make a single band or broadcast application to the ground beneath plants before weeds
certain broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-6 qt emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or post-emergence mixed with Roundup or Gramox-
in 20-40 gal of water one. Minimum 1/2 inch of rainfall or irrigation is required for activation. Minimum 2.5 months
between applications. Do not exceed 12 qt per year.
annual grasses and Velpar 2L (hexazinone Apply to pruned blueberries in the spring before leaf emergence as a directed soil application.
broadleaves 2 lb a.i./gal) at 0.5-1 Some clones are susceptible to injury. 90-day PHI.
gal in 20 gal water Age Restriction: Use on plantings established at least 3 years.
annual and perennial Zeus Prime|XC Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base of the trunks of bushes or
grasses and broad- (carfentrazone- ethyl vines. If weeds are present, tank mix with a post-emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged
leaves 3.5% and sulfentra- weeds. Apply a single broadcast application at 15.2 fl oz per acre (0.41 lb a.i./acre). May be
zone 31.8% a.i.) at applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Do not exceed 15.2 fl oz (0.41 lb a.i.)/acre/year.
7.7-15.2 fl oz per acre Minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not apply after bud break except with hooded
in minimum of 10 gal or shielded sprayer. 3-day PHI.
water Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 2 years and are in good
condition.
annual and perennial Zeus XC (sulfentra- Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base of the trunk of bushes or
grasses and broad- zone 39.6% a.i.) at vines. If weeds are present, tank mix with a post-emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged
leaves 8-12 fl oz per acre in weeds. Apply a single broadcast application at 8-12 fl oz per acre (0.25-0.375 lb a.i./acre). May
a minimum of 10 gal be applied as a banded treatment twice per year. Minimum of 60 days between applications.
water Do not exceed 12 fl oz (0.375 lb a.i.)/acre/year. Do not apply after bud break except with hood-
ed or shielded sprayer. 3-day PHI.
Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 3 years and are in good
condition.

Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Aim EC (carfentra- Apply broadcast at base of canes during dormant stage or with hooded shields between rows
zone 2 lb a.i./gal) during growing season. Always add NIS at 0.25% v/v or COC at 1% v/v. Do not exceed 2 fl oz
at 1-2 fl oz in 20 gal during dormant season or exceed 6.1 fl oz during growing season. Minimum 14 days between
water applications. 1-day PHI.
annual broadleaves Chateau SW (flumi- Apply 6 to 12 oz (0.188 to 0.38 lb a.i/.A) of Chateau Herbicide SW per broadcast acre plus an
and suppression of oxazin 51% a.i.) at adjuvant (0.25% v/v non-ionic surfactant or 1 qt/A crop oil concentrate)
grasses 6-12 oz
most annual and Fusilade DX 2EC Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1%
perennial grasses (fluazifop-p 2 lb a.i./ v/v or NIS at 0.25% v/v. Avoid contact with foliage. Rainfast in 1 hour. Do not exceed 48 fl oz in
gal) at 16-24 fl oz in 25 a maximum of two 24 oz applications per year. Minimum 14 days between applications. 1-day
gal water PHI.
(Continued)
266
Herbicide Recommendations for Blueberry (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
most annual grasses Gramoxone (paraquat Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds before emergence of new canes or shoots.
and broadleaves and 3 lb a.i./gal) at 1.3-2.7 Repeat applications are necessary to give sustained control. Apply as a coarse spray to avoid
top kill of perennial pt in minimum of 50 drift injury. Avoid contact with desired new shoots, fruit, or foliage. Always add NIS at 0.25%
weeds gal water v/v or COC at 1% v/v. Do not exceed 2 applications per year. Restricted use pesticide. Only
certified applicators can mix, load and apply. Not to be used by uncertified persons
working under the supervision of a certified applicator. Applicators must complete an
EPA-approved paraquat training every 3 years https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-
safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators Containers under 120 gallons
will have “closed-system” packaging to be used with a closed-transfer system. Harvest
fruit at normal maturity.
annual and perennial Poast 1.5EC (sethoxy- Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1%
grasses dim 1.5 lb a.i./gal) at v/v. Do not exceed 2.5 pt per application or exceed 5 pt per season. 30-day PHI.
1.5-2.5 pt in minimum
of 5 gal water
annual grasses and Reglone (diquat 2 lb Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of ap-
broadleaves a.i./gal) at 1.5-2 pt in plication. Apply as a directed spray using a shield for contact burn of weeds. Apply when wind
minimum of 15 gal speed is 3-10 miles per hour. Complete coverage is essential for good control. Always add NIS
water at 0.06-0.5% v/v. Can be used during site preparation and up to 1 year of harvest. Do not allow
contact with green stems, foliage, or fruits. 1-year PHI.
annual and perennial Rely 280 (glufosinate Apply as a directed spray to actively growing weeds. Do not apply on desirable foliage or drift
grasses and broad- 24.5% a.i. (2.34 lb/ on foliage, green, or uncallused bark. Coverage of all foliage is necessary for optimum control.
leaves gal) at 48-82 fl oz in Do not exceed 164 fl oz per acre per year. Do not make more than 2 applications at a maximum
minimum of 15 gal rate of 82 fl oz per acre per year. Add AMS to the spray tank if spray water is hard. 14-day PHI.
water
annuals and some Roundup WeatherMax Apply as a directed spray or wiper application to actively growing weeds in established plant-
perennial grasses 5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5 ings. Always add ammonium sulfate at 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions.
and broadleaves lb a.i./gal) at 0.5-5.3 Do not allow spray to contact any part other than mature bark. For applications within rows
qt in 10-40 gal water of berries, use only selective equipment (directed spray, hooded sprayer, shielded sprayer,
or wiper application) to minimize the potential for overspray or drift onto the crop. For berry
crops, hooded or shielded sprayers must be fully enclosed (including top, sides, front, and
back). Only wiper applications or shielded sprayers capable of preventing all contact with
the crop may be used. Rate depends on weed species and stage of growth. Does not provide
residual control. Can be mixed with labeled pre-emergence herbicides. 14-day PHI.
annual and perennial Scythe 4.2E (pelar- For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum of actively growing weeds.
grasses and broad- gonic acid 4.2 lb a.i./ Use low rate for annual weed control and high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as
leaves gal) at 3-10% spray a directed spray or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
solution
most annual and Select Max (clethod- Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Do not use COC. Min-
perennial grasses im 0.97 lb a.i./gal) at imum 14 days between applications. Always add NIS at 0.25% v/v. May be applied as a spot
9-16 fl oz treatment at 0.32-0.64 fl oz/gal Rainfast in 1 hour. Do not exceed 64 fl oz per year. 14-day PHI.

267
Herbicide Recommendations for Brambles
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual and perennial Casoron CS (dichlo- Apply from late fall through early spring. Applications should be made prior to weed emer-
grasses and broad- benil 15.3% a.i.) at gence, or when emerged weeds are less than 2 inches tall. Use only on well-established
leaves 1.4-2.8 gal plants. Do not apply during new shoot emergence.
Age Restriction: Do not apply to plants less than 1 year old.
annual broadleaves Chateau SW (flumiox- Apply as a uniform band directed at the base of the canes. Preferred application timing is in
and suppression of azin 51% a.i.) at 6 oz/ the fall. Do not exceed 6 oz per acre per application. Do not apply over the top of the crop or
grasses acre in a minimum of allow spray to come in contact with the crop as a result of application or drift. Do not apply
15 gal spray solution within 300 yards of non-dormant pome or stone fruit. 7-day PHI.
per acre
annual grasses and Devrinol 2-XT (napro- Apply to a weed-free soil surface or tank mix with a suitable postemergent herbicide. May be
broadleaves pamide 2 lb a.i./gal) applied to newly planted and newly established crops. Do not apply more than 2 gal per acre
at 2 gal/acre per crop cycle.
most broadleaves Gallery 75DF (isoxa- Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of
ben 75% a.i.) at 0.66- application. Apply in late summer to early fall, or in early spring prior to weed germination, or
1.33 lb in minimum of anytime immediately after cultivation. Do not apply to new transplants until soil has settled
10 gal water with no cracks present. Rainfall or irrigation of 1/2 inch is needed within 21 days of application.
Not effective on germinated weeds. Minimum 60 days between applications. Do not exceed 4
lb per acre per 12-month period.
annual grasses and Karmex DF (diuron Age Restriction: Apply in fields established at least 1 year. Do not exceed 1 application per
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 3 lb in 25- year. Do not spray exposed roots to avoid injury.
40 gal water Selected IN and OH only: Apply 3 lb in late spring for raspberries. If used post-emergence, avoid con-
states only tact with foliage. Best results if temperature is at least 70°F with high humidity.
annual grasses and Princep 4L (simazine Apply in spring before weeds emerge and before canes leaf out. Or, make a split application of
broadleaves 4 lb a.i./ gal) at 2-4 qt 2 qt in spring plus 2 qt in fall. Do not apply when fruit is present, or illegal residues may result.
in minimum of 40 gal On plants established less than 6 months, apply at half the rate.
water
annual grasses and Sinbar WDG (terbacil Make a single band or broadcast application as a directed spray to soil beneath the canes
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 1-2 lb in in the fall or early spring before fruit set and shortly before or after weed emergence. Avoid
minimum of 20 gal contact of foliage or fruit with spray or mist. Do not use on soils where roots are exposed.
water Age Restriction: Use only on plantings established at least 1 year. 70-day PHI.
annual grasses and Snapshot 2.5TG (isox- Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of appli-
certain broadleaves aben+trifluralin 2.5% cation. For best results, 1/2 inch of rain or irrigation is needed within 3 days of application. Not
a.i.) at 100-200 lb effective on germinated weeds Do not apply to new transplants until soil has settled. Minimum
60 days between applications. Do not exceed 600 lb per 12-month period.
annual grasses and Solicam DF (norflura- Apply as a directed spray to settled and firm soil from fall to early spring before weeds
broadleaves and zon 78.6% a.i.) at 2.5-5 emerge. Rainfall or irrigation of 1/2 inch within 4 weeks to activate. Do not contact fruit or
suppression of yellow lb in minimum of 20 foliage. Do not apply after bud break on sandy loam soils. Check label for maximum amount
nutsedge gal water allowed per year depending on soil type.
Age Restriction: Minimum 12 months after planting before first application. 60-day PHI.
annual grasses and Surflan 4AS (oryzalin Make a single band or broadcast application to the ground beneath vines before weeds
certain broadleaves 4 lb a.i./gal) at 2-6 qt emerge. Apply alone to weed-free soil or post-emergence mixed with Roundup or Gramoxone.
in 20-40 gal water Rainfall or irrigation of 1/2 inch is required for activation. Minimum 2.5 months between appli-
cations. Do not exceed 12 qt per year.
(Continued)

268
Herbicide Recommendations for Brambles (continued)

Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments

per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual and perennial Zeus Prime|XC Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base of the trunks of bushes.
grasses and broad- (carfentrazone- ethyl If weeds are present, tank mix with a post-emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds.
leaves 3.5% and sulfentra- Apply a single broadcast application at 15.2 fl oz (0.41 lb a.i) per acre. May be applied as a
zone 31.8% a.i.) at banded treatment twice per year. Do not exceed 15.2 fl oz (0.41 lb a.i.) /acre/year. Minimum
7.7-15.2 fl oz/ acre in 60 days between applications. Do not apply after bud break except with hooded or shielded
minimum of 10 gal sprayer. 3-day PHI.
water Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 2 years and are in good
condition.
annual and perennial Zeus XC (sulfentra- Apply as a broadcast or banded soil application directed to the base of the trunk of bushes. If
grasses and broad- zone 39.6% a.i.) at weeds are present, tank mix with a post-emergence herbicide to eliminate emerged weeds.
leaves 8-12 fl oz/acre in a Make a single broadcast application at 8-12 fl oz (0.25-0.375 lb a.i) per acre. May be applied as
minimum of 10 gal a banded treatment twice per year. Minimum of 60 days between applications. Do not exceed
water 12 fl oz (0.375 lb a.i.)/acre/year. Do not apply after bud break except with hooded or shielded
sprayer. 3-day PHI.
Age Restriction: Apply to crops that have been growing for at least 3 years and are in good
condition.

Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Aim EC (carfentra- Apply with hooded shields between rows during growing season. Always add NIS at 0.25%
zone 2 lb a.i./gal) v/v or COC at 1% v/v. Do not exceed 25.6 fl oz per year. Minimum 14 days between applications.
at 1-2 fl oz in 20 gal 15-day PHI.
water Primocane Control: Apply when primocanes are 6 inches at 6.4 fl oz in minimum of 20 gal
water at intervals of 14-21 days. Direct sprays to bottom 18 inches of canes.
most annual and Fusilade DX 2EC Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1%
perennial grasses (fluazifop-p 2 lb a.i./ v/v or NIS at 0.25% v/v. Avoid contact with foliage. Rainfast in 1 hour. Do not exceed 48 fl oz in
gal) at 16-24 fl oz in 25 a maximum of two 24 fl oz applications per year. Minimum 14 days between applications. 1-day
gal water PHI.
most annual grasses Gramoxone (paraquat Apply as directed spray to actively growing weeds before emergence of new canes or shoots.
and broadleaves and 3 lb a.i./gal) at 1.3-2.7 Repeat applications are necessary to give sustained control. Apply as a coarse spray to avoid
top kill of perennial pt in minimum of 50 drift injury. Avoid contact with desired new shoots, fruit, or foliage. Always add NIS at 0.25%
weeds gal water v/v or COC at 1% v/v. Do not exceed 2 applications per year. Restricted use pesticide. Only
certified applicators can mix, load and apply. Not to be used by uncertified persons
working under the supervision of a certified applicator. Applicators must complete an
EPA-approved paraquat training every 3 years https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-
safety/paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators Containers under 120 gallons
will have “closed-system” packaging to be used with a closed-transfer system. Harvest
crop at normal harvest maturity.
annual grasses and Karmex DF (diuron Selected states only. See Pre-emergence on page 268 for details.
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 3 lb in
25-40 gal water
annual and perennial Poast 1.5EC (sethoxy- Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1%
grasses dim 1.5 lb a.i./gal) at v/v. Do not exceed 5 pt per season. May be used as a spot treatment at 1-1.5% solution. 45-day
1.5-2.5 pt in minimum PHI.
of 5 gal water
annual grasses and Reglone (diquat 2 lb Non-bearing Only: May only be used on crops that will not be harvested within 1 year of ap-
broadleaves a.i./gal) at 1.5-2 pt in plication. Apply as a directed spray using a shield for contact burn of weeds. Apply when wind
minimum of 15 gal speed is 3-10 miles per hour. Complete coverage is essential for good control. Always use NIS
water at 0.06-0.5% v/v. Can be used during site preparation and up to 1 year of harvest. Do not allow
contact with green stems, foliage or fruits. 1-year PHI.
(Continued)

269
Herbicide Recommendations for Brambles (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
annuals and some Roundup WeatherMax Apply as a directed spray or wiper application to actively growing weeds in established plant-
perennial grasses 5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5 ings. Always add ammonium sulfate at 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions.
and broadleaves lb a.i./gal) at 0.5-5.3
Do not allow spray to contact any part other than mature bark. For applications within rows
qt in 10-40 gal water of berries, use only selective equipment (directed spray, hooded sprayer, shielded sprayer,
or wiper application) to minimize the potential for overspray or drift onto the crop. For berry
crops, hooded or shielded sprayers must be fully enclosed (including top, sides, front, and
back). Only wiper applications or shielded sprayers capable of preventing all contact with the
crop may be used. Use with extreme care around raspberries as serious damage may occur if
any part of the plant comes in contact with the product. Rate depends on weed species and
stage of growth. Does not provide residual control. Can be mixed with labeled pre-emergence
herbicides. 14-day PHI.
annual and perennial Scythe 4.2E (pelargonic For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum of actively growing weeds.
grasses and broad- acid 4.2 lb a.i./gal) at Use low rate for annual weed control and high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as
leaves 3-10% spray solution a directed spray or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
most annual and Select Max (clethod- Apply post-emergence as a directed spray to young actively growing grasses. Do not exceed
perennial grasses im 0.97 lb a.i./gal) at 16 fl oz/A in a single application or 64 fl oz/A per season. A minimum 14-day interval is required
9-16 fl oz for repeat applications. Always add NIS at 0.25% v/v. Do not use COC. Rainfast in 1 hour. 7-day PHI.

Herbicide Recommendations for Strawberry

Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual broadleaves Chateau SW (flumiox- Pre-transplanting: Apply a minimum of 30 days before transplanting and before laying plas-
and suppression of azin 51% a.i.) at 3 oz tic. Can be mixed with Gramoxone or Roundup.
grasses Pre-emergence on Dormant Plants: Can be applied over the top of established or newly
planted dormant strawberries. Add COC at 1% v/v or NIS at 0.25% v/v to help control emerged
broadleaf weeds. Do not apply to frozen ground.
Shielded or Hooded Application in Row Middles: Do not apply after fruit set and not over
strawberry plants. Apply prior to weed emergence.
annual grasses and Dacthal 6F (DCPA 6 At Planting: Apply 12 pt at transplanting. Can be preplant incorporated. Clean cultivator or hoe
some broadleaves lb a.i./ gal) at 8-12 pt if necessary before treatment.
in minimum of 20 gal Established: Apply in early fall or in early spring immediately after mulch removal. Clean cul-
water tivate or hoe if necessary before treatment. Applications may be made directly over the plants
without injury. Do not apply from bloom through harvest.
annual grasses and Devrinol 2-XT (napro- Established Plantings (spring): Apply after removing straw mulch. Water into soil to a depth
certain broadleaves pamide 2 lb a.i./gal) of 2-4 inches (by rainfall or irrigation) within 24-72 hours of application.
at 2 gal/acre Established Plantings (fall): Apply before putting winter protective mulch over plants. Water
into soil to a depth of 2-4 inches (by rainfall or irrigation) within 24-72 hours of application. Do
not apply to frozen ground. Do not exceed 2 gal per acre per crop cycle.
Strawberries Not Grown with Plastic: Apply to a weed-free soil surface. May be applied to
newly transplanted crops. Delay application until the desired number of daughter plants has
become established. Do not exceed 2 gal per acre per crop cycle. Do not apply from bloom
through harvest.
Strawberries Grown with Plastic Mulch on Plant Beds: Apply to a weed-free soil before
laying plastic mulch. Incorporate to a depth of 2 inches within 24-72 hours of application and
before laying plastic. May also be applied to soil between beds. Do not exceed 2 gal per acre
per crop cycle. Do not apply from bloom through harvest.
(Continued)

270
Herbicide Recommendations for Strawberry (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Pre-emergence
annual broadleaves, Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen Fallow Bed Preparation Only: Apply with Roundup for control of winter annual broadleaves a
especially winter 2 lb a.i./gal) at 1-2 pt minimum of 30 days before transplanting. Fallow bed should be worked thoroughly to a depth
annuals in minimum of 40 gal of 2.5 inches prior to planting.
water
annual grasses and Prowl H2O 3.8E Apply as a broadcast spray before transplanting or after transplanting but before growth
certain broadleaves (pendimethalin 3.8 starts. May not be used on beds that will be covered in plastic. A second application may be
lb a.i./ gal) at 1-2 ptused in a band between rows up to 35 days before harvest. Do not allow the spray to contact
in minimum of 20 gal strawberry foliage.
water. Rate depends May be applied to strawberries in fall or winter dormancy prior to the onset of new growth.
on soil type. See labelMay be applied to perennial strawberries during renovation after foliage has been mowed, but
for details. prior to the onset of new growth. Adequate rainfall or irrigation after application prior to weed
emergence provides the most benefit. Do not exceed 3 pt per application or exceed 6 pt per
season. 35-day PHI.
annual grasses and Sinbar WDG (terbacil Planting Year: Apply 2-3 oz immediately after transplanting but before runners start to
broadleaves 80% a.i.) at 2-8 oz in root. Application of 2-6 oz can also be made to dormant plants in late summer or early fall
minimum of 20 gal for control of winter annual weeds. If transplants have started to develop new foliage in the
water spring, or are not dormant in late summer or early fall at time of application, 1/2 to 1 inch of rain
or irrigation is necessary to wash Sinbar off. Do not use on soils with less than 0.5% organic
material, as plant injury can occur.
Harvest Years: Apply 4-8 oz after post-harvest renovation and before new growth begins in
midsummer. An additional 4-8 oz prior to mulching in late fall is recommended to extend weed
control through harvest of the following year. Do not exceed 8 oz per season. 110-day PHI.
Note: Strawberry varieties differ in sensitivity to Sinbar, and significant plant injury is possible.
Conduct a field test before adoption as a normal practice, particularly for new varieties.
annual broadleaf Spartan 4F (sulfentra- Apply prior to planting, post-transplant before new leaves emerge from dormant crowns.
weeds, grasses and zone 39.6%) at 4-8 oz Do not exceed 8 fl oz per acre per application or exceed 12 oz (0.375 lb a.i.)/acre/year. Rate
nutsedge in 20-40 gal water depends on soil texture. Some cultivars may be sensitive. See label. Some states may have
supplemental or Special Local Need labels. 70-day PHI.

Post-emergence
annual broadleaves Aim EC (carfentra- Apply with hooded shields between rows during growing season to actively growing weeds.
zone 2 lb a.i./gal) at Best results when weeds are <4 inches and rosettes <3 inches across. Always add NIS at
0.5-2 fl oz in minimum 0.25% v/v or COC at 1% v/v. Do not exceed 6.1 fl oz/year. Minimum 14 days between applica-
of 10 gal water tions. 0-day PHI.
annual and some 2,4-D amine (4 lb a.i./ For Established Plantings Only: Apply in early spring when strawberries are dormant or im-
perennial broadleaves gal) at 2-3 pt in 25-50 mediately after last picking. Do not apply unless possible injury to the crop is acceptable. Do
gal water not tank mix with Poast. Several 2,4-D amine products are available, but only a few are labeled
for strawberry. Check label for specific use directions.
most annual and Fusilade DX 2EC Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1%
perennial grasses (fluazifop-p 2 lb a.i./ v/v or NIS at 0.25% v/v. Rainfast in 1 hour. Do not exceed 16 fl oz per year. Do not exceed 1
gal) at 16 fl oz in 25 application per year. 14-day PHI.
gal water
annual broadleaves Goal 2XL (oxyfluorfen See Pre-emergence section for details.
2 lb a.i./gal) at 1-2 pt
in minimum of 40 gal
water
(Continued)

271
Herbicide Recommendations for Strawberry (continued)
Weed Problem Material and Rate Notes and Comments
per Acre
Post-emergence
most annual grasses Gramoxone (paraquat Apply as a postemergence directed spray in a minimum of 20 gal per acre. Apply by directed
and broadleaves and 3 lb a.i./gal) at 1.3 ptspray between rows, using shields to prevent contact with crop. Add NIS at 0.25% v/v or COC
top kill of perennial in minimum of 20 gal at 1% v/v. Do not exceed 3 applications per year. Restricted use pesticide. Only certified ap-
weeds water plicators can mix, load and apply. Not to be used by uncertified persons working under
the supervision of a certified applicator. Applicators must complete an EPA-approved
paraquat training every 3 years https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-worker-safety/
paraquat-dichloride-training-certified-applicators Containers under 120 gallons will
have “closed-system” packaging to be used with a closed-transfer system. 21-day PHI.
most annual and pe- Poast 1.5EC (sethoxy- Apply to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1% v/v. May be used as
rennial grasses (post- dim 1.5 lb a.i./gal) a spot treatment at 1-1.5% spray solution. Do not exceed 2.5 pt per application or exceed 2.5 pt
emergence only) at 1-2.5 pt in 25 gal per season.
water Caution: Application of Poast up to six weeks after Sinbar application can occasionally cause
strawberry leaf injury. 7-day PHI.
annuals and some Roundup WeatherMax Apply as pre-plant broadcast application or in fall prior to planting for control of roots and
perennial grasses 5.5EC (glyphosate 5.5 rhizomes of perennial weeds or as a hooded, shielded directed spray or wiper application (33-
and broadleaves lb a.i./gal/) at 0.5-5.3 100% solution) to actively growing weeds between rows in established plantings. Always add
qt in 10-40 gal water ammonium sulfate 8.5-17 lb/100 gal in hard water or drought conditions. Do not allow spray
to contact any desired plants. Does not provide residual control; can be mixed with labeled
pre-emergence herbicides. Rate depends on weed species and stage of growth. 14-day PHI.
annual and perennial Scythe 4.2E (pelar- For contact nonselective control or burndown of a broad spectrum of actively growing weeds.
grasses and broad- gonic acid 4.2 lb a.i./ Use low rate for annual weed control and high rate for maximum vegetative burndown. Use as
leaves gal) at 3-10% spray a directed spray or shielded spray. Can be mixed with Roundup.
solution
most annual and Select Max (clethod- Apply as a directed spray to actively growing grasses before tillering. Always add COC at 1%
perennial grasses im 0.97 lb a.i./gal) at v/v. Rainfast in 1 hour. Do not exceed 64 fl oz/year or exceed 16 fl oz/application. Minimum 14
9-16 fl oz days between applications. May be applied as a spot treatment at 0.32-0.64 fl oz/gal 4-day
PHI.
annual and perennial Spur (clopyralid 3 lb For perennial strawberries only. Make 1 application after harvest. Make only 1 application
broadleaves a.i./gal) at 2/3 pt in per crop year. Do not tank mix with other herbicides.
minimum of 10 gal Not registered in all states, but has 24(c) special local needs registration in several states.
water Check for state registration.
annual grasses and Ultra Blazer 2E (aciflu- May be applied up to the maximum application rate of 1.5 pt per acre per application using
broadleaves orfen 2 lb a.i./gal) at ground equipment. Make broadcast applications in 20 -40 gal water per acre. Reduce rates
1.5 pt in minimum of proportionally for band or strip treatment. Do not apply more than 3 pt per acre per season.
20 gal water Apply with NIS, COC, AMS or UAN solution additive.
Annual Strawberries Grown on Plastic Mulch: Make 1 banded application before laying
plastic and after final land preparation, and prior to transplanting the crop. For application
between rows of plastic mulch, apply as a direct-shielded application between mulched beds.
Do not allow contact with strawberry plants. 60-day PHI.
Perennial Strawberry (matted row): Make 2 applications: the first can be made after the
last harvest or following bed renovation. The second can be made when plants are dormant
during late fall to early spring. 120-day PHI.

272
Relative Effectiveness of Herbicides for Fruit Crops1
Compiled and edited by Shawn Wright, Elizabeth Wahle and Stephen Meyers

Grasses Annual Broadleaves Perennial Weeds

morningglory, annual
groundsel, common

woodsorrel, yellow
palmer amaranth

nutsedge, yellow
shepherdspurse

thistle, Canada
lambsquarters
barnyardgrass

johnsongrass
panicum, fall

smartweeds
nightshades
goosegrass

waterhemp
chickweed

dandelion
crabgrass

cocklebur

velvetleaf
mustards
marestail

ragweed
purslane
pigweed
foxtails

henbit
Herbicide
Pre-emergence
Alion G G G G G G N G F F G F G N N G G F G G G N G N N N F
Callisto N N N N N G G N N G F F N G F G N G N G G G N N F N N
Casoron N G G G G G F G G G F N G N N G G G G G G N G N N G G
Chateau N N N N N F F N N G G F N G F G G F G F F F N N N N N
Dacthal G G G G G F N N N F N N N N N F F N N N N N N N N N N
Devrinol G G G G G G F N N F N N N N N G G N N N N N N N N N N
Gallery, Trellis N N N N N G F G G G F N G G N G G G N N G N N N N N G
Goal N N F F N N F G F G F F G G N G F N F F F F N N N N F
Karmex G G F G F G F G G G F F G G N G G G G N P N N N N N N
Kerb G N F G G G N N G G N G G G N N G F G F N N N N N N N
Matrix G G G N G N F G G F G N G F N F G F F F F N G N2 F F N
Mission N N G N N G N G G G F N F N N G G G G N N N G N G N N
Princep G G G G G G N G G G N G G G N G G G G N F N N N F N N
Prowl G G G G G G N N N G N N N N G F F N G F F G N N2 N N N
Sandea N N N N N N F G N G F N G N N G F G G G G N N N G N N
Showcase G G G G G G F G G G F F G G F G G G G G G G G F N G
Sinbar G G G N G G N F G G N N G G N G G G G G N N G F F N N
Snapshot G G F G G G F G G G F F G F N G N N G F G N G F N N G
Solicam G G G G G G G F F G F N G F F G F G G N G F N F F N N
Surflan G G G G G G N F G G N N N F N G G F G F F N N N2 N N N
Treflan G G G G G N N N G F N N F N F G G N N N N N N F N N F
Velpar G N F N G G N G N G F N N N N N N G N G F N F2 N N N N
Zeus Prime|XC G G G G G G N G G G N G G G F G G N G G N G N N G G N
Zeus XC, Spartan N G N G N G N G N G N G G G F G G N G F F F G F G G F

Post-emergence
2,4-D N N N N N F F G N F G G G G F F N G G F F F G N N F N
Aim N N N N N N F G F G N G G G F G G F F F G F N N N F N
Broadloom N N N N N N F F2 N F N F F N N N F F2 F G F N N N N N N
Chateau N N N N N G N N N G G F N F F F G F G F G F N N N N N
Fusilade G G G G G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N F2 N N N
Goal N F F F N N F G G G F F G G N G F N F F F F N N N N F
Gramoxone G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G N G G G N N N N N
Mission N G G N N G N G G G G N G N N G G G G N N N F N G G N
Poast G G G G G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N F N N N
Reglone G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G N N N N N
Rely, G N G G G G G N N G G G G G F G G G G G F F G F 2
F G N
Roundup G G G G G G G G G G F G G G F G G G G G G F G F F G G
Scythe F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 G F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 N2 N N N N2
Select G G G G G N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Spur, Stinger N N N N N N F G N N G N N G N N N G N F N N G N N G N
Treevix N N N N N N G F N G G G G G N G G G G G G G N N N N N
Ultra Blazer N N G N G N F N N G N G G G G G G G N G G G N F2 N N N
Velpar G N F N G G N G N G F N N N N N N G N G F N F 2
N N N N
Venue N N N N N G G N G G F G N G F G G G G G G F G N N N N
1
G = good. F = fair. N = not listed, based on product labels. 2Provides partial control.
273
Tree Fruit Herbicide REI, PHI and Special Notes
Trade Common Risk of
WSSA REI Apple Pear Peach Nectarine Plum Cherry
Name Name Resistance
carfentrazone-
Aim EC 14 medium 12 3 3 3 3 3 3
ethyl
Alion indaziflam 21 medium 12 14 14 14 14 14 14
2, 4-D
2,4-D amine 4 low -- -- 40 40 40 40
Amine
Amine 4 2,4-D amine 4 low 48 14 14 40 40 40 40
Broadloom bentazon 6 medium 48 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
Casoron CS dichlobenil 20 medium 12 N/A N/A -- -- -- N/A
Not Not Not Not Not Not
Chateau SW flumioxazin 14 medium 12 after pink after pink after pink after pink after pink after pink
bud/60 bud/60 bud/60 bud/60 bud/60 bud/60
Fusilade DX fluazifop 1 high 12 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr 14 14 14 14
isoxaben DF
Gallery 21 medium 12 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
or SC
Trellis isoxaben 75% 21 medium 12 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
isoxaben
Trellis SC 21 medium 12 NB/1 yr|30 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
45.45%
Fallow Fallow Fallow Fallow Fallow Fallow
oxyfluorfen Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre-
GoalTender 14 medium 24
41% plant|N- plant|N- plant|N- plant|N- plant|N- plant|N-
B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant
Fallow Fallow Fallow Fallow Fallow Fallow
oxyfluorfen Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre- Pre-
Goal 2XL 14 medium 24
22.3% plant|N- plant|N- plant|N- plant|N- plant|N- plant|N-
B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant B|Dormant
Gramoxone
paraquat 22 medium 24 N/A N/A 14 28 28 28
SL 3.0
Karmex DF diuron 7 medium 12 N/A N/A N/A -- -- --
Kerb SC pronamide 3 low 24 N/A1 N/A1 N/A1 N/A1 N/A1 N/A1
Matrix FNV rimsulfuron 2 medium 4 7 7 14 14 14 14
Poast 1.5 EC sethoxydim 1 high 12 14 14 25 25 NB/1yr 25
Princep 4L simazine 5 medium 12 150 N/A N/A7 -- N/A7 N/A sweet
7

Prowl pendimethalin 3 low 12 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr

Prowl H2O pendimethalin 3 low 12 60 60 60 60 60 60
Reglone diquat 22 medium 24 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
Rely 280 glufosinate 10 medium 12 14 14 14 14 14 14
Roundup glyphosate 9 low 12 14 14 17 17 17 17
Sandea halosulfuron 2 low 12 14 14 -- -- -- --
pelargonic
Scythe 26 low 12 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
acid
Select Max clethodim 1 high 12 14 14 14 14 14 14
trifluralin+
Showcase isoxaben+ 3, 21, 14 medium 24 -- -- NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
oxyfluorfen
Sinbar WDG terbacil 5 medium 12 60 -- 60 -- -- --
(Continued)

274
Tree Fruit Herbicide REI, PHI and Special Notes (continued)
Trade Common Risk of
WSSA REI Apple Pear Peach Nectarine Plum Cherry
Name Name Resistance
isoxaben+
Snapshot 21+3 medium 12 NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
trifluralin
Solicam DF norflurazon 12 medium 12 60 60 60 60 60 60
Surflan 4AS oryzalin 3 low 24 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Treevix saflufenacil 14 low 12 0 0 -- -- -- --
Treflan trifluralin 3 low 12 -- -- N/A N/A N/A N/A
pyrafluflen
Venue 14 medium 12 0 0 0 0 0 0
ethyl
carfentra-
Zeus Prime zone-ethyl
14 medium 12 14 -- -- -- -- --
XC +sulfentra-
zone
-- = not labeled
DS/NCC = Directed Spray/No Crop Contact N/A - no PHI specified
1
= application must be in the fall, after the fruit is harvested, but prior to soil freeze-up
2
= application in the fall or early winter, but prior to soil freeze-up and snow cover
3
= apply before emergence of new canes or shoots
4
= PHI for Highbush Blueberry only, no PHI stated for Lowbush Blueberry
5
= See label
6
= do not apply when fruit is present or illegal residues may result
7
= apply late fall to early spring prior to weed emergence. Do not apply more than once per calendar year
8
= apply anytime between harvest and early spring. Do not apply more than once per calendar year

Small Fruit Herbicide REI, PHI and Special Notes

Compiled and edited by John Strang, Elizabeth Wahle and Shawn Wright

Trade Common Risk of

WSSA REI Strawberry Raspberry Blackberry Grape Blueberry
Name Name Resistance
carfentrazone-
Aim EC 14 medium 12 0 15 15 3 0
ethyl
Alion indaziflam 21 medium 12 -- 14 14 14 14
Amine 4 2,4-D amine 4 low 48 N/A -- -- -- --
Broadloom bentazon 6 medium 48 -- NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
no bloom to no bloom to no bloom to
Callisto mesotrione 27 medium 12 -- --
harvest harvest harvest
Casoron CS dichlobenil 20 medium 12 -- N/A N/A N/A N/A
Row middle
Chateau SW flumioxazin 14 medium 12 application - Do not 7 7 60 7
apply after fruit set
Pre or at
transplanting;
Dacthal DCPA 3 low 12 -- -- -- --
Established - no
bloom to harvest
Devrinol
napropamide 15 low 24 N/A5 N/A N/A 70 N/A
DF-XT
Fusilade DX fluazifop 1 high 12 14 1 1 50 NB/10 mo
(Continued)

275
Small Fruit Herbicide REI, PHI and Special Notes (continued)
Trade Common Risk of
WSSA REI Strawberry Raspberry Blackberry Grape Blueberry
Name Name Resistance
isoxaben DF
Gallery 21 medium 12 -- NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
or SC
Trellis isoxaben 75% 21 medium 12 -- NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr|60 NB/1 yr
isoxaben
Trellis SC 21 medium 12 -- NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr|60 NB/1 yr|604
45.45%
oxyfluorfen Fallow PP|
GoalTender 14 medium 24 Fallow PP -- -- --
41% Dormant
oxyfluorfen Fallow PP|
Goal 2XL 14 medium 24 Fallow PP -- -- --
22.3% Dormant
Gramoxone
paraquat 22 medium 24 21 N/A3 N/A3 N/A5 N/A3
SL 3.0
Karmex DF diuron 7 medium 12 -- 0 0 0 0
Kerb SC pronamide 3 low 24 -- -- -- N/A1 N/A2
Matrix FNV rimsulfuron 2 medium 4 -- -- -- 14 --
Mission flazasulfuron 2 medium 12 -- -- -- 75 --
Poast 1.5 EC sethoxydim 1 high 12 7 45 45 50 1 HB/30 LB
Princep 4L simazine 5 medium 12 -- N/A6 N/A6 N/A8 N/A6
Prowl pendimethalin 3 low 12 -- -- -- NB/1 yr --
Prowl H2O pendimethalin 3 low 12 35 -- -- 21 --
Reglone diquat 22 medium 24 -- NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
Rely 280 glufosinate 10 medium 12 -- -- -- 14 14
Roundup glyphosate 9 low 12 14 14 14 14 14
Sandea halosulfuron 2 low 12 -- -- 14
pelargonic
Scythe 26 low 12 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
acid
Select Max clethodim 1 high 12 4 7 7 14 HB/45 LB
trifluralin+
Showcase isoxaben + 3, 21, 14 medium 24 -- -- -- -- NB/1 yr
oxyfluorfen
Sinbar WDG terbacil 5 medium 12 110 70 70 -- N/A
isoxaben+
Snapshot 21+3 medium 12 -- NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr NB/1 yr
trifluralin
Solicam DF norflurazon 12 medium 12 -- Dormant Dormant 60 60
Spartan sulfentrazone 14 medium 12 preplant only -- -- -- --
Spur,
clopyralid 4 medium 12 N/A1 -- -- -- --
Stinger
Surflan 4AS oryzalin 3 low 24 -- N/A N/A N/A HB N/A
Treflan trifluralin 3 low 12 -- -- -- 60 --
Ultra Blazer acifuorfen 14 medium 48 60/120 -- -- -- --
HB 90/LB
Velpar L CU hexazinone 5 medium 48 -- -- -- --
450
pyrafluflen
Venue 14 medium 12 -- -- -- 0 --
ethyl
(Continued)

276
Small Fruit Herbicide REI, PHI and Special Notes (continued)
Trade Common Risk of
WSSA REI Strawberry Raspberry Blackberry Grape Blueberry
Name Name Resistance
carfentra-
Zeus Prime
zone- ethyl+ 14 medium 12 -- 3 3 3 3
XC
sulfentrazone
Zeus XC sulfentrazone 14 medium 12 -- 3 3 3 3
-- = not labeled
DS/NCC = Directed Spray/No Crop Contact N/A - no PHI specified
1
= application must be in the fall, after the fruit is harvested, but prior to soil freeze-up
2
= application in the fall or early winter, but prior to soil freeze-up and snow cover
3
= apply before emergence of new canes or shoots
4
= PHI for Highbush Blueberry only, no PHI stated for Lowbush Blueberry
5
= See label
6
= do not apply when fruit is present or illegal residues may result
7
= apply late fall to early spring prior to weed emergence. Do not apply more than once per calendar year
8
= apply anytime between harvest and early spring. Do not apply more than once per calendar year

277
Generic Pesticides ingredient(s) (AI) and tend to be similar in performance
to receive an EPA registration.
A generic agricultural chemical is manufactured and
Generic products are not always identical, so be sure
sold by a company other than the original manufac-
to carefully read the label, with special attention to
turer and patent holder, usually after the patent has
rates and percent active ingredient.
expired. The generic pesticide contains the same active

Generic Fungicides
Updated by Janna Beckerman

Original Trade Name

Common Name Other Trade Names (Manufacturers)
(Current manufacturer)
Azaka (FMC)
Abound (Syngenta) azoxystrobin
Azoxystar, Equation, Aframe (Syngenta)
Aliette 80WDG (Bayer) fosetyl-Al Legion 80WDG (Makhteshim)
Equus DF (Makhteshim)
Bravo Weather Stick (Syngenta) chlorothalonil
Chlorothalonil 720 (Arysta Life Science)
Captec 4L (Arysta LifeScience North America
captan Has several formulations including 50W
LLC )
Manzate Max (United Phosphorus, Inc)
Penncozeb (several formulations)
Dithane M45 (Dow AgriSciences) mancozeb
Roper (Loveland)
Koverall (Cheminova)
Orius 3.6F (Makhteshim)
Orius 20AQ (Makhteshim)
Elite 45DF tebuconazole TebuStar 3.6 L (Albaugh)
TebuStar 45WSP (Albaugh)
Tebuzol 45DF (United Phosphorous, Inc.)
ProBlad Verde SymAgro Banda Lupinus Albus Doce Fracture (FMC)
Aframe Plus (Syngenta)
Quilt Xcel (Syngenta) azoxystrobin+ propiconazole
Cover XL (AgriStar)
Rally 40WSP (Dow AgriSciences) myclobutanil Sonoma 40WSP (Albaugh)
Ridomil 2E (Syngenta) metalaxyl Metastar 2E (Arysta Life Science)
Ridomil Gold SL (Syngenta) mefenoxam Ultra Flourish (Nufarm)
Iprodione 4L AG (Arysta Life Science)
Rovral 4F (Bayer) iprodione Meteor 4L (United Phosphorus Inc.)
Nevado 4F (Makhteshim)
Streptomycin 17 (Loveland Products Canada AG Streptomycin (ADAMA)
streptomycin
Inc.) FireWall (AgroSource)
Propimax 41.8L (Dow AgriSciences)
Tilt (Syngenta) propiconazole Bumper 41.8L (Makhteshim)
Orbit 41.8L (Syngenta)
Thiophanate Methyl 85WSB (Makhteshim)
Topsin-M 70WDG (United Phosphorous Inc.) thiophanate methyl T-Methyl EAG 70WSB (Nufarm)
T-Methyl 70WWSB (Arysta Life Science)

278
Generic Insecticides
Updated by C. Welty

Original Trade Name Common Name Other Trade Names

(Current Manufacturer) (Manufacturers)
Acramite (Arysta) bifenazate Banter SC; Banter WDG (UPL)
Bizate (Loveland)
Vigilant 4SC (Arysta)
Admire Pro (Bayer) imidacloprid Advise 2F (Winfield)
Alias 2F (ADAMA)
Couraze 1.6F, 75WP, 2F (FMC)
Imidashot DF (Sulfur Mills)
Macho 2FL, 2F (Albaugh)
Malice 75WSP (Loveland)
Midash 2SC, Forte 4F 4F (Sharda)
Montana 2F,4F (Rotam)
Nuprid 1.6F, 2F (Nufarm)
Pasada 1.6F (ADAMA)
Prey 1.6F (Loveland)
Prokoz Zenith 2F (Bayer)
Prokoz Zenith 75WSP (Bayer)
Sherpa 1.6F (Loveland)
Widow 2F (Loveland)
Wrangler 4F (Loveland)
Agri-Mek 0.15EC (Syngenta) abamectin Abacus 0.15EC (Rotam)
Abamex 0.15ED (Nufarm)
Abba 0.15EC (ADAMA)
Abba Ultra 0.30EC (ADAMA)
Borrada 0.15EC (ADAMA)
Nufarm Abamectin 0.15EC (Nufarm)
Reaper 0.15EC (Loveland)
Temprano 0.15EC (Chemtura)
Tide Timectin 0.15EC (Tide Intl.)
Willowood Abamectin 0.15EC (Willowood)
Zoro 0.15EC (FMC)
Asana XL 0.66EC (Dupont) esfenvalerate S-Fenvalostar 0.66EC (LG Life Sciences)
Zyrate 0.66EC (Rotam)
Assail 30SG (United Phosphorous) acetamiprid Anarchy 30SG (Loveland), 70WP (Loveland)
Arvida (Atticus)
Intruder Max 70WP (United Phosphorous)
Baythroid XL 1EC (Bayer) cyfluthrin Tombstone 2E (Loveland), Tombstone Helios 2E
(Loveland)
Brigade 2EC (FMC) Capture 2EC (FMC) bifenthrin BBi-Dash 2EC (ADAMA)
Bifen 2AG Gold (Direct AG Source)
Bifenture 2EC (United Phosphorous)
Discipline 2EC (Amvac)
Fanfare 2EC, EL, ES (ADAMA)
Frenzy Veloz 2EC (Real Farm)
Revere 2EC (ADAMA)
Ruckus LFR (Helena)
Sniper 2EC (Loveland)
Tundra 2EC (Winfield )
Xpedient 2FC (Amvac)
Cygon 4EC (FMC) dimethoate Dimate 4EC (Winfield)
Dimethoate 400, 4EC (Drexel, Loveland, FMC)
(Continued)

279
Generic Insecticides (continued)
Original Trade Name Common Name Other Trade Names
(Current Manufacturer) (Manufacturers)
Dimilin diflubenzuron Diflumax 2L (Helm Agro)
Micromite 2L (Arysta)
Dipel (Valent) Bacillus thuringienisis Agree (Certis)
Biobit (Valent)
CryMax (Certis)
Deliver (Certis)
Jackpot WP (Certis)
Javelin (Certis)
Xentari (Valent)
Esteem 35WP (Valent) Knack 0.83EC (Valent) pyriproxyfen Farewell 0.86 EC (ADAMA)
Seize (Valent) Pitch (0.83EC), Pitch 35WP (ADAMA)
Intrepid 2F (Corteva AgriSciences) methoxyfenozide Invertid 2F (Loveland)
Troubador 2F (Helena)
Turnstyle 2F (United Phosphorus)
Zylo (UPL)
Lorsban 4E, 15G, 75WDG, Advanced 3.76E (Corte- chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos 4E (Drexel, ADAMA)
va AgriSciences) Govern 4E (Tenkoz)
Hatchet (Corteva AgriSciences)
Nufos 4E (FMC)
Saurus 15G (Helena)
Vulcan 3.76E (ADAMA)
Warhawk 4E (Loveland)
Whirlwind 4E (Helena)
Yuma 4E (Winfield)
Mustang Maxx (FMC) zeta-cypermethrin Respect 0.8EC (BASF)
Pounce 3.2EC (FMC) permethrin Arctic 3.2EC (Winfield)
Permethrin 3.2EC (Loveland, Helena, Direct Ag,
Tenkoz)
Perm-Up 3.2EC (United Phosphorus)
Perm Star AG (LG Int’l)
Proaxis (Loveland) gamma cyhalothrin Declare (FMC) Proaxis 0.5EC (FMC)
Savey (Dupont, Gowan) Onager (Gowan) Hexy- hexythiazox Hexamite (Albaugh)
gon (Gowan)
Sevin XLR Plus, 4L (Tessenderlo Kerley) carbaryl Carbaryl 4L (Drexel, Loveland)
Carbaryl 15% Bait (Drexel), Carbaryl Cutworm
Bait (Drexel)
Warrior II 2.08CS (Syngenta) lambda-cyhalothrin Grizzly Z 1CS (Winfield)
Kaiso 24WG (Nufarm)
Kendo 1CS (Helm)
Lambda-Cy 1EC (United Phosphorus)
Lambda T 1EC (Helena)
Lamcap (Syngenta)
Paradigm 1EC (ADAMA)
Ravage 1EC (Innvictus)
Silencer 1EC (ADAMA)
Zeal (Valent) etoxazole Zara WSB, Zara SC (Atticus)

280
Generic Herbicides1
Compiled by Chris Smigell, Elizabeth Wahle, Shawn Wright and Stephen Meyer

Original Trade Name Other Trade Names

Common Name
(Current Manufacturer) (Manufacturers)
2,4-D Amine 4 (Winfield)
2,4-D Amine (Alligare)
Amine 4 2,4-D Weed Killer (Loveland)
Base Camp 4 (Wilber-Ellis)
Clean Amine (Loveland)
Defy Amine 4 (ADAMA)
Embed (Corteva Agrisciences)
Amine4 2,4-D (Tenkoz) 2,4-D amine
Havoc Amine (Innvictis)
Opti-Amine (Helena)
Orchard Master (PBI Gordon)
Orchard Star (Albaugh/Agristar)
Rugged (Winfield)
Saber (Loveland)
Shredder Amine 4 (Winfield)
Argos (Helm)
Bellum (Rotam)
Bridle (Winfield)
Cavallo 4 SC (Atticus)
Explorer (Syngenta)
Incinerate (Winfield)
Callisto (Syngenta) mesotrione
Mesotrione 4 SC (Albaugh)
Meso Star (Sharda)
Motif (United Phosphorus)
Sotrion (Growmark)
Willowood Mesotrione 4SC (Generic Vrop
Science)
BroadStar (Valent)
Flumi 51 (NuFarm)
Flumioxazin 51% (Red Eagle)
Semera (Atticus)
SureGuard (Valent)
Chateau WDG (Valent USA) flumioxazin SureGuard SC (Nufarm)
Flumi 51 (Tacoma Ag)
Tuscany and Tuscany SC (Nufarm)
Varsity (Innvictis)
Warfox (ADAMA)
Zaltus SX (Atticus)
Gallery 75 DF / SC (Corteva Agrisciences) isoxaben Trellis and Trellis SC (Corteva AgriSciences)
Collide (United Phosphorus)
Galigan 2 E, Galigan H2O (ADAMA)
GoalTender (Corteva AgriSciences)
Goal 2XL (Corteva AgriSciences) oxyfluorfen
Oxystar 2 E/4 L (Albaugh/Agri Star)
Oxyflo 2 EC/4 SC (Willowood)
ScrollOVR (Atticus Ag)
(Continued)

281
Generic Herbicides (continued)
Original Trade Name Other Trade Names
Common Name
(Current Manufacturer) (Manufacturers)
Devour (Innvictis)
Helmquat 3 SL (Helm)
Paraquat Concentrate (Solera)
paraquat Paraquat 43.2% (Red Eagle)
Gramoxone /SL 2.0/SL 3.0 (Syngenta)
All formulations are Restricted Use Para-Shot 3.0 (Sharda USA)
Parazone 3SL (ADAMA)
Quik-Quat (Drexel)
Willowood Paraquat 3 SL (Generic Crop Sci)
Direx 4L (ADAMA)
Diuron 4L/80 DF (Alligare)
Diuron 4L/80 (Drexel)
Karmex DF (ADAMA) diuron
Diuron 4L (ADAMA)
Diuron 4L (WinField)
Diuron 4L and 80 WDG (Loveland)
pronamide
Kerb 50 W/SC/SC RUP(Corteva AgriSciences) Pronamide 50 WSP/3.3SC (Willowood USA)
Some formulations are Restricted Use
Grapple (Nufarm)
Hinge (Rotam)
Matrix FNV/SG (Corteva AgriSciences) rimsulfuron Pruvin (ADAMA)
Solida (FMC)
Tetris SG (Atticus)
Poast (BASF) sethoxydim Segment (BASF)
Simazine 4 L (several producer/suppliers)
Simazine 90 DF (several producer/suppliers)
Princep 4L/ Caliber 90 (Syngenta) simazine
Simazine 90 WDG (Loveland)
Sim-Trol 4 L/90 DF (Sipcam)
Acumen (Tenkoz)
AquaPen 3.8 (Drexel)
Framework 3.3 EC (Winfield)
Pendimethalin (Helena)
Prowl 3.3EC/H20 (BASF) pendimethalin Pendulum 2 G/3.3 EC/AquaCap (BASF)
Pin-Dee 3.3 EC (Drexel)
Satellite 3.3/HydroCap/Flex (United Phosphorus)
Stealth (Loveland)
UP-End HydroCap (United Phosphorus)
Aceto Diquat 2 L AG (Aceto Ag)
Dessicash Ag (Sharda-USA)
Diquash Ag (Sharda-USA)
Reglone (Syngenta) diquat
Nufarm Diquat 2 L (Nufarm)
Rowrunner AG (Rotam)
Verdure-X-Herbicide (Helm)
(Continued)

282
Generic Herbicides (continued)

Original Trade Name Other Trade Names

Common Name
(Current Manufacturer) (Manufacturers)
Cheetah (Nufarm)
Fever (Innvictis Crop Care)
Forfeit 280 (Loveland)
Glufosinate 280 SL (Red Eagle)
Lifeline and Interline (United Phosphorous)
Inflame 280 SL (Atticus)
Rely 280 (Bayer CropScience) glufosinate-ammonium Reckon 280 SL (Solera)
Refer 280 SL (Summit )
Scout (Valent)
Surmise (Albaugh/Agri Star)
Tide Glufosinate 280 (Tide Int’l)
Total /2.3/TNV/ SL (WinField )
Willowood Glufosinate 280SL (Generic Crop Sci)
Roundup WeatherMAX/PowerMAX (Monsanto) glyphosate Numerous products
Arrow 2 EC (ADAMA)
Avatar/S2 (Innvictis)
Clethodim (Crop Smart)
Clethodim 2 E (Albaugh/Agri Star)
Clethodim 2 EC (Agromarketing)
Cleanse /2 EC (Winfield)
Ceridian 2 EC (Atticus)
Dakota (Rotam)
Inside Technology (Valent USA) clethodim
Envoy Plus (Valent)
Intensity and Intensity One (Loveland)
Omni Clethodim 2 EC (Helena)
Section 2 EC/Three(Winfield)
Shadow (Arysta)
Vaquero (Wilbur Ellis)
Trizenta 3EC (UPL NA)
Volunteer (Tenkoz)
Bite (Sharda)
Clean Slate(Nufarm)
Stinger (Corteva AgriSciences) clopyralid Savant (Innvictis)
Spur (Albaugh)
Stigmata (Atticus)
Fugitive (ADAMA)
Surflan AS/AS Specialty/Flex (UPL NA) oryzalin
Oryzalin 4 AS (ADAMA)
Cornbelt Trifluralin EC (Van Diest)
Trifluralin 4 EC (several producers/suppliers)
Treflan 4 EC (Helena)
Treflan HFP/TR 10 G (Gowan) trifluralin Treflan 4L (Loveland)
Trifluralin HF (Helena)
Trifluralin 10G (Loveland)
Triflurex HFP (ADAMA) Trust (Winfield)
(Continued)

283
Generic Herbicides (continued)
Original Trade Name Other Trade Names
Common Name
(Current Manufacturer) (Manufacturers)
Acifin 2 L (Summit)
Acifluorfen 2 (Red Eagle)
Acifluorfen 20.1% (Sharda)
Ultra Blazer (United Phosphorus) acifluorfen Avalanche Ultra (WinField)
Derecho (Atticus)
Levity (Innvictis)
Uproar (Winfield)
Tide Hexazinone 2 SL/75 WDG (Tide Int’l)
Velpar DF VU/L VU (Bayer) hexazinone Velossa (Helena)
Velpar L CU/DF CU (Tessenderlo)
Aquesta 4 F (Atticus)
Intensa (Sharda)
Shutdown (United Phosphorus)
Spartan 4 F/FL 4 F (FMC)
Sulfen 4 SC (Willowood)
Zeus /XC (FMC) sulfentrazone
Sulfin 4 SC (Summit)
Sulfentrazone 4 F (Helm)
Sulfentrazone 4 SC (Willowood)
Vandal 4 SC (Innvictis)
Zone 4 F (Helm)
1
Check label to make sure product is labeled for the crop that it is to be used on.

284
 Suggested recordkeeping form for restricted-use pesticides.
Farm name and address: _____________________________________
Date and
Chemical Applied (trade name, formulation Rate per Total Location and Target Name of Applicator and
State of Crop Wind, Weather, Notes
and EPA registration number) Acre Applied Size of Block Pest(s) Certification Number
Growth

285
Fruit Grower Newsletters Kentucky
Cooperative Extension issues a monthly newslet-
Arkansas ter, Kentucky Fruit Facts (https://www.uky.edu/hort/
University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Cooper- documents-list-fruit-facts), to all Kentucky growers
ative Extension Service offers Arkansas Fruit and Nut at no cost. This service supplies timely information
News. It is published monthly or as needed to Arkan- on disease and insect activity throughout the state,
sas growers at no cost. It provides timely information as well as cultural information. To obtain this service,
about fruit and nut production practices, disease and send your name, address and present fruit interests to:
insect/mite activity, and upcoming meetings. To sub- Kentucky Fruit Facts, c/o John Strang, Department of
scribe, go to: https://www.uaex.uada.edu/farm-ranch/ Horticulture, N-318 Ag. Sci. Bldg. North, University of
crops-commercial-horticulture/horticulture/ar-fruit- Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091; 859-257-5685;
veg-nut-update-blog fax: 859-257-2859; jstrang@uky.edu.

Illinois Ohio
University of Illinois Extension publishes Illinois Fruit & The Ohio Grape-Wine Electronic Newsletter (OGEN)
Vegetable News (ipm.illinois.edu/ifvn). This newsletter is available at www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeweb.
covers production practices and insect and disease To subscribe, email Maria Smith at smith.127203@osu.
management. For more information, contact Local edu.
Food Systems and Small Farms Educators: The Ohio Fruit News is available through Department
Bronwyn Aly (1715 College Ave., Carmi, IL 62821, 618- of Plant Pathology, Entomology, Horticulture and Crop
382-2662, baly@illinois.edu); or Nathan Johanning Science, and South Centers, The Ohio State University.
(402 Ava Road, Murphysboro, IL 62966, 618-687-1727. To subscribe, email Rachel Medina at medina.72@osu.
For disease and insect diagnostics and management edu.
recommendations, contact the University of Illinois
Plant Clinic at S-417 Turner Hall 1102 S. Goodwin Ave.,
Urbana IL 61801, 217-333-0519; plantclinic@illinois.edu.

Indiana
Purdue Extension offers Facts for Fancy Fruit free of
charge at fff.hort.purdue.edu. This fruit grower news-
letter is issued to Indiana growers at frequent intervals
during the fruit season. You can subscribe to the online
version for free, or receive a printout by first class mail
for $15 a year. This service supplies timely information
on disease and insect activity throughout the state,
cultural information, and announcements of upcoming
meetings.
For a hard copy, send your name, address, and current
fruit interests along with a check for $15, made out to
Purdue University to: Facts For Fancy Fruit, Depart-
ment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, 625
Agricultural Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafay-
ette, IN 47907-2010.

Iowa
You can find general horticulture information and Iowa
State University Plant and Insect Diagnostic Clinic
updates at https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu
Subscribe to Horticulture & Home Pest News to re-
ceive email alerts when we post new information. Go
to the News tab. Small Farm Sustainability website,
https://www.extension.iastate.edu/smallfarms

286
Pesticide Drift Communication Tools Place roots and surrounding soil in a plastic bag, and
fasten it to the base of the stem with a twist tie or
Several states involved in this spray guide have web- string. Wrap the plants in dry newspaper and place
based mapping tools that enable producers of pesti- in a crush-proof container for shipment. Do not add
cide sensitive crops avoid drift injury by communicat- water or moist paper towels.
ing with agricultural chemical applicators. Leaves/fruit/woody tissues. When localized infec-
DriftWatch.org serves Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, tions (such as leaf spots, fruit rots, or cankers) are
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missou- suspected, send specimens representing early and
ri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Carolina, moderate stages of disease. Press leaves flat between
Wisconsin, and Saskatchewan. heavy paper or cardboard — do not tape leaves to
paper — and wrap fruits and woody tissue in dry
Oklahoma’s Pesticide Drift Risk Advisor can be ac-
paper. For large fruit, wrap each individually in news-
cessed through the Agweather website at agweather.
paper. Do not place fruit in a plastic bags. Pack firmly
mesonet.org.
in a crush-proof container so that fruit is not bruised
The Ohio Sensitive Crop Registry is available at www. during shipping.
agri.ohio.gov/scr.
Check with the state department of agriculture in your Submitting Insect Specimens
state about similar tools.
Package insects carefully so they aren’t crushed when
they arrive at the lab. Do not tape insects to paper or
Using a Plant Diagnostic Lab package them loosely in envelopes. Separate and label
the specimens if you send more than one type in the
The best way to identify insects, plants, and plant same package. Provide the appropriate information for
diseases, or to diagnose plant and pest problems, is each specimen.
to send a sample to a diagnostic laboratory along with
information and observations about the problem. The Tiny or Soft-bodied Specimens. Submit such speci-
National Plant Diagnostic Network website (www. mens (aphid, mites, thrips, caterpillars, grubs, spiders)
npdn.org) lists diagnostic laboratories by state and in a small, leak-proof bottle or vial that is 1 ounce or
region. Contact individual laboratories for specific sub- less filled with 70 percent rubbing (Isopropyl) alcohol
mission and fee information (see page 288). or hand sanitizer. In Kansas, submit in vinegar. Do not
submit insects in water, formaldehyde, or without alco-
To ensure an accurate diagnosis, it’s important to hol; they will ferment and decompose.
collect and ship your specimens properly. Here are a
few guidelines for collecting and shipping specimens Hard-bodied Specimens. Submit such specimens
to a diagnostic lab. Your state has specific instructions (flies, grasshoppers, cockroaches, wasps, butterflies,
for collecting and shipping samples; check your local beetles) dry in a crush-proof container. As noted
clinic’s website for details. above, do not tape insects to paper or place them
1. Collect fresh specimens. Send a generous amount loose in envelopes.
of material, if available.
2. Ship specimens in a crush-proof container im- Submitting Samples for Nematode Analysis
mediately after collecting. If holdover periods are If you suspect a nematode problem, contact your clinic
encountered, keep specimen cool. Ship packages for state-specific submission information (see page
early in the week so they to arrive on weekdays. 288).
3. Incomplete information or poorly selected spec- In general nematode identification requires collec-
imens may result in an inaccurate diagnosis or tion of at least one quart of soil from the root zone of
inappropriate control recommendations. Badly affected plants. Include roots if the plants are actively
damaged specimens are often unidentifiable, and growing.
additional sample requests can cause delays. Place the entire sample in a plastic bag. Do not add
water or allow it to dry out. Protect the sample from
Submitting Plant Specimens for Disease/Injury extreme heat (for example, don’t leave samples inside
Diagnosis a parked vehicle in direct sunlight). It is often helpful
to collect a second, similar sample from a nearby area
Herbaceous Plants. For generally declining, wilting,
where plant growth appears normal.
or dying plants, send several whole plants showing a
range of symptoms — early through more advanced Attach a label, note, or tag identifying the sample to
— with roots and adjacent soil intact, if possible. Dig the outside of each bag or package.
the plants carefully so the root system remains intact.

287
Selected University Diagnostic Labs Kentucky
Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory Agricultural
Arkansas Science Building-North
Plant Health Clinic University of Arkansas University of Kentucky
2601 N. Young Ave. Lexington, KY 40546-0091
Fayetteville, AR 72704 859-257-8949
479-575-7601 Fax: 859-323-1961
https://www.uaex.edu/yard-garden/plant-health- plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/extension/diagnostic-
clinic laboratories
Contact: Contact:
Sherrie Smith, ssmith@uaex.edu Julie Beale, jbeale@uky.edu

Illinois Ohio
University of Illinois Plant Clinic C. Wayne Ellett
S-417 Turner Hall Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic
1102 S. Goodwin Ave. Ohio State University
University of Illinois 8995 E. Main St., Bldg. 23
Urbana, IL 61801 Reynoldsburg, OH 43068
217-333-0519 614-292-5006
web.extension.illinois.edu/plantclinic Fax: 614-466-9754
plantclinic@illinois.edu ppdc.osu.edu
www.facebook.com/UofIPlantClinic Contact:
Contacts: Joy Pierzynski, pierzynski.4@osu.edu or
Diane Plewa, dplewa@illinois.edu, (217) 300-3441 ppdc@cfaes.osu.edu
Suzanne Bissonnette, sbissonn@illinois.edu, Fruit and Vegetable Pathology Laboratories
(217) 333-2478 The Ohio State University-Wooster Campus
1680 Madison Ave.
Indiana Wooster, OH 44691
Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory 330-263-3838
Purdue University
LSPS 101 Wisconsin
915 W. State Street Plant Disease Diagnostics Clinic Department of Plant
West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054 Pathology
765-494-7071 1630 Linden Drive
Fax: 765-494-3958 University of Wisconsin-Madison
ppdl.purdue.edu Madison, WI 53706-1598
www.facebook.com/PurduePPDL pddc.wisc.edu
Contacts: 608-262-2863
Tom Creswell, creswell@purdue.edu Fax: 608-263-2626
John Bonkowski, jbonkows@purdue.edu Contact:
Brian Hudelson, bdh@plantpath.wisc.edu
Iowa
Iowa State University Plant and Insect Diagnostic
Clinic
2445 ATRB
2213 Pammel Dr
Ames, IA 50011
515-294-0581
Fax: 515-294-9420
clinic.ipm.iastate.edu
pidc@iastate.edu
www.facebook.com/ISUPIDC

288
Pesticide Applicator Safety Indiana
Indiana Poison Center: 800-222-1222
Education Programs Pesticide Poisoning
Below are the state pesticide education programs Indiana Department of Environmental
that provide training and educational materials for Management:
becoming a certified pesticide applicator. Find other (888) 233-7745 or (317) 233-7745
state pesticide safety education programs at https:// Pesticide Spill Reporting
nifacontacts.ipmcenters.org/PSEPDirectory.cfm. Purdue Pesticide Programs: 765-494-4566
General Information
University of Arkansas
https://www.uaex.uada.edu/farm-ranch/pest- Office of Indiana State Chemist: 765-494-1492
management/pesticide-licensing/private-applicator- Pesticide Certification and Training
training.aspx Environmental Protection Agency Region 5:
312-886-5220
University of Illinois
https://extension.illinois.edu/psep Iowa
Iowa Statewide Poison Control Center Emergency
Iowa State University Phone Number: 800-222-1222
www.extension.iastate.edu/psep Administrative Phone Number: 712-279-3710
www.iowapoison.org
University of Kentucky poisonpal@iowapoison.org
http://entomology.ca.uky.edu/uk-pesticide-safety- A joint effort by St. Luke’s Regional Medical Center,
education-program-psep Iowa Health System and University of Iowa Hospitals
and Clinics: 2720 Stone Park Blvd., Sioux City, Iowa
Ohio State University 51104
pested.osu.edu
Kentucky
Purdue University Kentucky Regional Poison Control Center:
ppp.purdue.edu 800-222-1222
Metro Louisville residents may phone 502-589-8222
University of Wisconsin
https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/pat KY Environmental Response: 800-928-2380 or
502-564-2380
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System
Pesticide Emergency and Poison (NPIRS): 765-494-6616
Control Centers National Pesticide Information Center:
800-858-7378
Nationwide phone numbers
CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300
Pesticide Poisoning: Call the Poison Center,
800-222-1222
This number automatically connects you to the poison
Ohio
Ohio Poison Exposure Centers: 800-222-1222
center nearest you.
TDD number: 800-253-7955
All calls are automatically routed to the regional Ohio
Arkansas Poison Exposure Center closest to you. This number
Arkansas Poison Center: 800-222-1222 should be called to receive medical assistance if you
Arkansas State Plant Board: 501-225-1595 are involved in a pesticide exposure poisoning.
Pesticide training, licensing, and education for applying
restricted use pesticides. Wisconsin
800-222-1222 – statewide, emergency Madison 608-
Illinois 262-3702 – non-emergency Milwaukee 414-266-2222
Illinois Poison Control Centers Emergency – non-emergency.
Nationwide: 800-222-1222
Emergency TTY/TDD: 312-906-6185

289
 Conversion Factors for Weights and Measures:
Equivalents
Metric U.S.
Length 1 Millimeter 0.039 inch
1 Centimeter (10 mm) 0.39 inch
1 Meter (100 cm) 39.4 inch
1 Kilometer (1,000 m) 0.62 mile
Area 1 Square Centimeter 0.155 square inch
1 Square Meter 1.2 square yards
1 Hectare (10,000 sq m) 2.47 acres
1 Square Kilometer (100 ha) 247 acres
Weight 1 Gram 0.035 ounces
1 Kilogram (1,000 g) 2.2 pounds
1 Ton (metric) — 1,000 kg 1.1 tons (U.S.)
Volume 1 Milliliter 0.034 fluid ounces
1 Liter (1,000 ml) 1.056 quarts
1 Cubic Meter (1,000 l) 264.17 gallons (U.S.)
U.S. Metric
Length 1 Inch 2.54 centimeters
1 Foot (12 in) 30.5 centimeters
1 Yard (3 ft) 0.91 meters
1 Mile (5,280 ft) 1.6 kilometers
Area 1 Square Inch 6.5 square centimeters
1 Square Foot (144 sq in) 930 square centimeters
1 Square Yard (9 sq ft) 0.84 square meters
1 Acre (43,560 sq ft) 0.405 hectares
1 Square Mile (640 acres) 259 hectares
Weight 1 Ounce 28.3 grams
1 Pound (16 oz) 0.454 kilograms
1 Ton (U.S.) — 2,000 lb 0.907 tons (metric)
Volume 1 Tablespoon (3 teaspoons) 14.79 milliliters
1 Fluid ounce (2 tablespoons) 29.6 milliliters
1 Cup (8 fl oz) 0.237 liters
1 Pint (2 cups) 0.473 liters
1 Quart (4 cups) 0.946 liters
1 Gallon (U.S.) — 4 qts 3.8 liters
1 Cubic Foot 28.3 liters
Metric Abbreviations: mm=millimeter; cm=centimeter; m=meter; km=kilometer; ha=hectare; mg=milligram; g=gram; kg=kilogram;
ml=milliliter; l=liter.

290
NOTES
Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide 2023-2024
The Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide 2023-2024 was developed by the Midwest Fruit Workers Group.
Printed copies of this publication are available from the Purdue Extension Education Store, https://edustore.purdue.edu.
A free PDF download also is available from the Education Store.

Citation Disclaimer
Beckerman, J., Bessin, R., Welty, C., Athey, K., Wahle, E., Lewis, Reference in this publication to any specific
D., Long, E., Joshi, N., Guedot, C., Meyer, S., Strang, J., Gaulthier, commercial product, process, or service, or the
N. 2022. Midwest Fruit Pest Management Guide 2023-2024. use of any trade, firm, or corporation name is for
Available online at: https://ag.purdue.edu/department/hla/ general informational purposes only and does not
extension/_docs/id-465.pdf constitute an endorsement, recommendation, or
certification of any kind by Midwest Fruit Workers
Additional Contributors Group or their institutions. Individuals using such
products assume responsibility for their use in
University of Arkansas accordance with current directions of the manu-
Entomology: Neelendra Joshi* facturer.
University of Illinois
Entomology: Kacie Athey* Non-Discrimination Statement
Horticulture: Elizabeth Wahle* The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits
discrimination in all its programs and activities on the
Iowa State University basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and
Entomology: Donald Lewis where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status,
parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic
Horticulture: Suzanne Slack information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or
Plant Pathology: Lina Rodriguez-Salamanca part of an individual’s income is derived from any public
assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to
Kansas State University all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
Entomology: Raymond Cloyd alternative means for communication of program
University of Kentucky information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice
Entomology: Ric Bessin* and TDD).
Horticulture: Shawn Wright, Chris Smigell To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Direc-
Plant Pathology: Nicole W. Gauthier* tor, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue,
SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 800-795-3272 or
Ohio State University 202-720-6382 (TDD).
Entomology: Celeste Welty*, Ashley Leach USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Purdue University
Entomology: Elizabeth Long*
Horticulture: Stephen Meyer*, Tristand Tucker
Plant Pathology: Janna Beckerman*, Megan Haas
University of Wisconsin
Entomology: Christelle Guedot*
Plant Pathology: Leslie Holland
*Section Editor