ADVANCE BILLING SYSTEM WITH QR

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

Sreejith Prakash Warrier

190510116037

In fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

in

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ALPHA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

GANDHINAGAR

Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad

April - 2023
 Alpha College of Engineering and Technology, Gandhinagar
Near Khatraj Circle, At. Khatraj, Ta. Kalol Dist. Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 382721

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report submitted along with the project entitled

“Advance Billing System With QR” has been carried out by “Sreejith Prakash

Warrier” under my guidance in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of

Engineering in Department of Information Technology, 8th Semester of Gujarat

Technological University, Ahmedabad during the academic year 2022-23.

Prof. Liyansi Patel

Internal Guide

Prof. Liyansi Patel

Head of Department
 BrainyBeam Technology Pvt Ltd.

Date: 21/04/2023

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is to certify that Sreejith Prakash Warrier , a student of Alpha College of

Engineering and Technology, Gandhinagar has successfully completed his/her

internship in the field of Python With Django from 23/01/2023 to 14/04/2023 (Total

number of Weeks: 12) under the guidance of Sagar Jasani.

His internship activities include Web Development, Project Work, Report Making and

Learning New Technology

During the period of her/his internship program with us, he/she had been exposed to

different processes and was found diligent, hardworking and inquisitive.

We wish him every success in his life and career.

For BrainyBeam Pvt Ltd

Authorised Signature with Industry Stamp

 Alpha College of Engineering and Technology, Gandhinagar
Near Khatraj Circle, At. Khatraj, Ta. Kalol Dist. Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India 382721

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the Internship / Project report submitted along with the Internship /

Project entitled Advance Billing with QR submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in Information Technology to Gujarat Technological University,

Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of original project work carried out by me/us at

BrainyBeam Technology Pvt Ltd under the supervision of Sagar Jasani and that no part of

this report has been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source,

without providing due reference.

Name of the Student Sign of Student

1 Sreejith Prakash Warrier _______________

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I want to take a moment to express my gratitude to all the individuals and organizations who

have contributed to this project. Without their kind support and cooperation, this project have

not been possible.

I am particularly thankful to my mentor, "guide name," for their constant guidance and

supervision, and for providing me with important project specifics. I also want to thank my

friends and colleagues who started the conversation and contributed critical review input.

I am grateful to "college name" for providing me with all the resources I needed and a

welcoming work environment. Additionally, I want to express my appreciation to the Head of

the Department, "professor name," for their collaboration and support throughout my

Endeavor.

With Sincere Regards

Sreejith Prakash Warrier

ii
 ABSTRACT

Advance Billing With QR

The Project “Advance Billing System Using QR Code” deals with the
automation of Advance Billing. This software helps in managing the various
types of Records pertaining to his/her customer.

The people have been recording the customer information in the past and even in
the present through their personal manual efforts. And indeed, it consumes their
considerable time and energy that utilized in better productive activities. Apart
from that, with increasing customer Strength. Large record books have to be
maintained where relevant and irrelevant information has to be stored, which is
a very untidy and clumsy process.

Less efficiency has a great impact on the productivity of any human being
keeping the data up to date. The new system caters to the needs of the people of
any Billing so that they manage the system efficiently.

iii
 List of Figures
Fig 1.1 Use case / Procedure Diagram........................................................................... 2

Fig 1.2 Activity / Process Diagram ............................................................................... 5

Fig 2.1 Use case / Procedure Diagram......................................................................... 12

Fig 2.2 Activity / Process Diagram ............................................................................. 15

Fig 2.3 Use case / Procedure Diagram......................................................................... 22

Fig 2.4 Activity / Process Diagram ............................................................................. 25

Fig 3.1 Use case / Procedure Diagram......................................................................... 32

Fig 4.1 Activity / Process Diagram ............................................................................. 35

Fig 4.2 Use case / Procedure Diagram......................................................................... 42

Fig 4.3 Activity / Process Diagram ............................................................................. 43

iv
 List of Tables

Table 1.1 Popular Methods / Techniques ...................................................................... 2

Table 1.2 User / Reading / Observation Table .............................................................. 5

Table 2.1 Popular Methods / Techniques .................................................................... 12

Table 2.2 User / Reading / Observation Table ............................................................ 15

Table 2.3 Popular Methods / Techniques .................................................................... 22

Table 2.4 User / Reading / Observation Table ............................................................ 25

Table 3.1 Popular Methods / Techniques .................................................................... 32

Table 4.1 User / Reading / Observation Table ............................................................ 35

Table 4.2 Popular Methods / Techniques .................................................................... 42

Table 4.3 User / Reading / Observation Table ............................................................ 43

v
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

IDE – Integrated Development Environment

AWS – Amazon Web Services

GCP – Google Cloud Platform

SRS – Software Requirement Specification

QA – Quality Assurance

SaaS – Software as a Service

SOA – Service Oriented Architecture

OOP – Object-Oriented Programming

MVC – Model-View-Controller

TDD – Test-Driven Development

CI – Continuous Integration

UML – Unified Modeling Language

ER – Entity-Relationship

DFD – Data Flow Diagram

CRM – Customer Relationship Management

vi
 Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................................... i
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... ii
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... iii
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... iv
List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................ v
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... vi
1. Overview of the Company .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 History ................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Different product / scope of work ....................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Organization chart .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Capacity of plant................................................................................................................................. 3
2. Overview of different plant/unit/department/shop of the organization and Layout of the
production/process being carried out in company ....................................................................... 3
2.1 It includes the details about the work being carried out in each department ...................................... 3
2.2 List the technical specifications of major equipment used in each department .................................. 3
2.3 Prepare schematic layout which shows the sequence of operation for manufacturing of end
product .............................................................................................................................................. 4
2.4 Explain in details about each stage of production .............................................................................. 4
3. Introduction to Project.................................................................................................................. 11
3.1 Project / Internship Summary – Key To a good summary is the FIRST sentence, which MUST
contain the most essential information that you wish to convey ..................................................... 11
3.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3 Objective .......................................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Scope (what it can do and can’t do) ................................................................................................. 12
3.5 Technology and Literature Review .................................................................................................. 12
3.6 Project / Internship Planning ............................................................................................................ 16
3.6.1 Project / Internship Development Approach and Justification ...................................................... 16
3.6.2 Project / Internship Effort and Time, Cost Estimation ................................................................... 17
3.6.3 Roles and Responsibilities ............................................................................................................. 18
3.7 Project / Internship Scheduling (Gantt Chart/PERT/Network Chart) .............................................. 19

4. System Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 20

4.1 Study of Current System................................................................................................................... 20
4.2 Problem and Weaknesses of Current System ................................................................................... 20
vii
 4.3 Requirements of New System .......................................................................................................... 20
4.4 System Feasibility ............................................................................................................................ 21
4.4.1 Does the system contribute to the overall objectives of the organization? ................................... 21
4.4.2Can the system be implemented using the current technology and within the given cost and
schedule constraints ........................................................................................................................ 21
4.4.3 Can the system be integrated with other systems which are already in place? ............................. 22
4.5 Activity / Process in New System / Proposed System ...................................................................... 23
4.6 Features of New System / Proposed System .................................................................................... 23
4.7 List Main Modules / Components / Processes / Techniques of New System / Proposed System .... 24
4.8 Selection of Hardware / Software / Algorithms / Methodology / Techniques / Approaches and
Justification ..................................................................................................................................... 25
5. System Design ................................................................................................................................ 28
5.1 System Design & Methodology ....................................................................................................... 28
5.2 Database Design / Data Structure Design / Circuit Design / Process Design / Structure Design .... 42
6. Implementation.............................................................................................................................. 43
6.1 Implementation Platform / Environment .......................................................................................... 43
6.2 Process / Program / Technology / Modules Specification ................................................................ 45
6.3 Finding / Results / Outcomes............................................................................................................ 46
7. Testing ............................................................................................................................................ 49
7.1 Testing Plan / Strategy...................................................................................................................... 49
7.2 Test Results and Analysis ................................................................................................................. 53
7.2.1 Test Cases ...................................................................................................................................... 54
8. Conclusion and Discussion............................................................................................................ 55
8.1 Overall Analysis of Internship / Project Viabilities .......................................................................... 55
8.2 Problem Encountered and Possible Solutions .................................................................................. 55
8.3 Summary of Internship / Project work ............................................................................................. 56
8.4 Limitation and Future Enhancement ................................................................................................ 58
References................................................................................................................................................................ 60

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of the company

CHAPTER 1 - OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY

1.1 HISTORY

BrainyBeam Technologies Pvt Ltd. is an innovative web and mobile app Development
Company since 2010 in India and USA. We have specialization and expertise in developing
Web and Mobile applications for organisations in various verticals - Healthcare, Retail,
Travel, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Social Networking and Education etc

1.2 SCOPE OF WORK

We have expertise in IoT development, Offline app development, Secure products, BLE
development, Social app development and Healthcare. BrainyBeam Technologies Pvt Ltd is a
mix of skills and technologies that modify the world around us. The main motivation of our
team is to develop applications those impress people for quality, convenience and
functionalities in order to make them essential for their users.

1.3 ORGANIZATION CHART

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of the company

1.4 Capacity of Plant

BrainyBeam Technologies Pvt Ltd that has been in business in software development for the
past 8 years headquartered in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA, our network of offices are in
USA and India with around 50 experts of mobile app developers, web app developers and
Internet marketer’s. BrainyBeam have launched 50+ Web Apps with 80+ Mobile Apps in
iOS, Android, Windows and Cross platform mobile apps.

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2. Overview of process being carried out in company

2.1 It includes the details about the work being carried out in each
department.
Project Management Department: This department is responsible for planning and
coordinating the overall development of the system. They set project goals, timelines,
budgets, and manage the resources needed for the project.
Design Department: This department is responsible for designing the user interface and
experience of the system. They create wireframes, mockups, and prototypes of the system
and work closely with the development team to ensure that the design is feasible.
Development Department: This department is responsible for the actual coding of the
system. They work with Python and Django frameworks to develop the various modules and
features of the system, such as the billing module, QR code generation module, and payment
gateway integration module.
Deployment Department: This department is responsible for deploying the system on the
production server. They ensure that the system is running smoothly and troubleshoot any
issues that arise during the deployment process.
Support Department: This department is responsible for providing technical support to
users of the system. They troubleshoot any issues that users may encounter and provide
guidance on how to use the system.
Overall, the development of an Advance Billing System with QR requires collaboration
between these different departments to ensure that the system is functional, reliable, and user-
friendly.
2.2 List the technical specifications of major equipment used in each
department.
Project Management Department:

Project Management Software: Project management software such as Jira is commonly

used to plan and track the progress of the project. The software typically includes features
such as task management, team collaboration, and project reporting.

Communication Tools: Communication tools such as Microsoft Teams are commonly used
to facilitate communication between team members. The software typically includes features
such as group chat, video conferencing, and file sharing.

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of Process Being Carried out in Company

Design Department:

Design Software: Design software such as Sketch, Adobe XD, or Figma are commonly used
to create wireframes, mockups, and prototypes of the user interface. The software typically
includes features such as vector editing, image editing, and collaboration tools.

Development Department:

Programming Languages: Programming languages such as Python, Java, or C# are

commonly used to develop web applications. The choice of programming language depends
on the specific requirements of the project.

Frameworks: Frameworks such as Django, Flask, or Spring are commonly used to develop
web applications. The framework provides a set of tools and libraries that simplify the
development process.

Version Control: Version control software such as Git or SVN are commonly used to
manage the source code of the application. The software allows developers to collaborate on
the same codebase and track changes over time.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE): An IDE such as PyCharm, Eclipse, or

Visual Studio Code is commonly used to develop the application. The IDE provides a set of
tools such as code editors, debuggers, and compilers that simplify the development process.

Deployment Department:

Cloud Infrastructure: Cloud infrastructure such as Amazon Web Services (AWS),

Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud Platform (GCP) are commonly used to host web
applications. The cloud infrastructure provides scalability, reliability, and security.

Containerization: Containerization software such as Docker or Kubernetes are commonly

used to deploy web applications. The software allows developers to package the application
and its dependencies into a container, which easily deployed to any environment.

Support Department:

Help Desk Software: Help desk software such as Freshdesk, Zendesk, or Jira Service Desk
are commonly used to manage and track support requests from users. The software typically
includes features such as ticket management, customer portals, and reporting.

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of Process Being Carried out in Company

Remote Access Software: Remote access software such as TeamViewer, AnyDesk, or

LogMeIn are commonly used to provide remote support to users. The software allows
support technicians to access the user's computer and troubleshoot issues remotely.

2.3 Prepare schematic layout which shows the sequence of operation for
manufacturing of end product.

Fig 2.3: Software Development Life Cycle

2.4 Explain in detail about each stage of production.

Requirements Gathering:

Fig 2.4.1: Requirements Gathering

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of Process Being Carried out in Company

This is the first stage of production where the requirements for the system are gathered from
stakeholders, users, and other sources. The goal of this stage is to identify the features and
functionality that the system needs to have to meet the needs of the users. The requirements
are documented in a software requirement specification (SRS) document, which serves as a
blueprint for the development of the system.

System Analysis:

Fig 2.4.2: System Analysis

Once the requirements are gathered, the next stage is system analysis. In this stage, the
system is analyzed to determine the feasibility of the project. This involves identifying the
technical, economic, and operational feasibility of the project. The goal of this stage is to
identify any potential issues or risks that may impact the development of the system.

System Design:

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of Process Being Carried out in Company

Fig 2.4.3: System Design

Once the feasibility of the project is determined, the next stage is system design. In this stage,
the system architecture is designed, and the components of the system are identified. The goal
of this stage is to create a design that meets the requirements of the users while being
scalable, maintainable, and secure.

Development:

Fig 2.4.4: Development

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of Process Being Carried out in Company

Once the system design is completed, the next stage is development. In this stage, the code is
written in Python and using the Django framework to create the web application. This
involves creating models, views, and templates, implementing business logic, and integrating
external libraries and APIs as needed. This stage may also involve testing and debugging of
the code.

Testing:

Fig 2.4.5: Testing

Once the development is complete, the next stage is testing. In this stage, the system is tested
to ensure that it meets the requirements of the users and is free of defects. This involves
creating test cases, running tests, and identifying and fixing any issues found during testing.

Deployment:

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of Process Being Carried out in Company

Fig 2.4.6: Deployment

Once the testing is complete, the next stage is deployment. In this stage, the system is
deployed to the production environment, and it becomes available to users. This involves
configuring the system, setting up servers and databases, and ensuring that the system is
available and accessible to users.

Maintenance and Support:

Fig 2.4.7: Maintenance and Support

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Project ID:- 287438 Overview of Process Being Carried out in Company

Once the system is deployed, the final stage is maintenance and support. In this stage, the
system is monitored for issues, and updates and fixes are applied as needed. This stage also
involves providing support to users, addressing any issues that arise, and ensuring that the
system continues to meet the needs of the users over time.

Gujarat Technological University 10 Alpha College of Engineering and Technology

Project ID:-287438 Introduction to project

3. Introduction to Project

3.1 Project / Internship Summary

The Project “Advance Billing System Using QR Code” is an application to automate the
process of billing of “Stores”. This web base application is designed considering the chain of
stores which has various functionality. This application also administrates its users and
customers. It’s easy to maintain customer details and records, products, invoices. It makes an
easy-to-use environment for users and customers.

As it is providing inventory management, storekeepers able to manage sale and purchase

report, they also calculate profit and loss by selling of product.

In the proposed system, with the help of QR code it is possible to view and download the
respective bill.

3.2 Purpose
The purpose of Advance Billing System with QR is to provide a streamlined and efficient
way for businesses to manage their billing and invoicing processes. The system uses QR
codes to simplify the billing process by allowing customers to easily scan and pay invoices
using their mobile devices. Python Django is used to develop the system, providing a robust
and scalable framework that allows for the efficient management of large volumes of data.
Overall, the system aims to reduce the administrative burden of billing and invoicing,
improve accuracy, and enhance the customer experience.

3.3 Objective
To provide User friendly interface with the help of various controls.

To design a customer panel where customers see the invoices as well as download the
invoices.

To design and develop file upload and mail features.

To design an admin panel which is capable of managing various functions such as invoice
generation, products, customer management, QR code generation etc.

To implement a QR code generator which helps to generate a QR code for a given invoice.

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Project ID:-287438 Introduction to project

3.4 Scope (what it can do and can’t do)

The scope for Advance Billing System with QR using Python Django is broad and can be
applied to a wide range of industries and businesses. The system can be customized to meet
the specific needs of different businesses and can be scaled up or down depending on the size
and complexity of the organization.

The system can automate the billing and invoicing processes, making it faster, more accurate,
and less prone to errors compared to manual processes. Additionally, the use of QR codes
simplifies the payment process for customers, reducing the time and effort required to make
payments.

Furthermore, the system can provide valuable data insights, allowing businesses to analyze
their billing and invoicing trends, identify opportunities for cost savings, and make data-
driven decisions.

Overall, the scope for Advance Billing System with QR using Python Django is vast, and it
can bring significant benefits to businesses looking to streamline their billing and invoicing
processes, reduce administrative costs, and enhance the customer experience.

3.5Technology and Literature Review

Here is a technology review of the Advance Billing System with QR:

Python:

Python is a high-level programming language used in developing the Advance Billing System
with QR. Python is known for its simplicity, readability, and ease of use, making it a popular
language for web development.

Django:

Django is a powerful and robust web framework used in the development of the Advance
Billing System. Django provides a wide range of built-in tools and libraries that make it
easier to develop web applications quickly and efficiently.

SQLite:

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Project ID:-287438 Introduction to project

SQLite is a lightweight and easy-to-use relational database management system used to store
and manage data in the Advance Billing System. SQLite is widely used for web applications
and is known for its speed, reliability, and ease of use.

HTML/CSS/JavaScript:

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the front-end technologies used to create the user interface
and layout of the Advance Billing System. HTML is used for creating the structure of the
web pages, CSS is used to style the pages, and JavaScript is used for creating interactive
features.

Bootstrap:

Bootstrap is a popular front-end development framework used in the Advance Billing System
for creating responsive and mobile-first websites. Bootstrap provides a wide range of pre-
built components and styles that make it easier to create a modern and user-friendly interface.

Here are some selected studies from the literature survey on the Advance Billing System
with QR:

According to Aggrawal and Sisodia, in order to make software fast in processing, there needs
to be a good user interface. This allows the user to make changes to the software, and it also
allows the software to be used for a long time without requiring error correction or
maintenance. This type of billing method has been used by numerous supermarkets for over
ten years. In addition to this, it is improved numerous times in accordance with the
requirements of both customers and merchants. It performs the same function as computing
the bill, hands the result over to the customer, and ensures that the database is properly
organized. They produce precise results in both calculating and printing, in addition to
keeping records.

A new idea has been implemented into the invoicing system, and it also maintains
relationships with customers who buy more things from the store on a regular basis. The
system is likewise designed with their needs in mind and awards them with a higher
commission. In addition to this, it provides information on which products are needed and
which have outlived their expiration date, as well as the overall profit and specific profit for
each product individually.

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Project ID:-287438 Introduction to project

According to Mario B. Lamberte, it is general knowledge that the infrastructure system of a

country is a significant factor in determining the level of productivity achieved by the
economy. In a contemporary economy, the payment system is a significant portion of the
overall infrastructure system of the country. In point of fact, there is no nation in the modern
world that can afford to take its payment system for granted. Companies are responsible for
their workers' wages as well as the procurement of raw materials from their suppliers. In
return, they are given monetary compensation for the sale of their wares and services.
Throughout the course of a day, customers will complete multiple payment transactions. It
goes without saying that the participants in the economy exchange its value with one another
every minute of every day, and that value rises as the size of the economy expands.
Therefore, it is imperative that the payment system in the country be effective so that capital
can swiftly circulate among market players for productive use, thereby encouraging a greater
number of activities within the economy. It is possible that three percent of a country's gross
domestic product is attributable to the resource costs of its payment system. Bringing a
country's method of payment up to date can unquestionably lower the cost of that resource.
Therefore, although the government continues to spend money on roads, bridges, electricity
supply, etc., it must not forget to invest in its payment system in order to increase the
efficiency of the economy in general and the financial system in particular.

Payment methods have gone through a number of transformations throughout the course of
history, beginning with precious metals, progressing through money and checks, and most
recently transitioning to electronic payment methods. These adjustments have been made as a
result of the requirement to simplify the complex financial dealings that take place in
economies that are undergoing fast expansion while also becoming more sophisticated.
Customers will typically search for the payment system that offers the highest level of
convenience, whilst suppliers of payment services will typically look for the payments
system that offers the greatest level of profitability. New payment instruments, as well as
delivery and processing arrangements for small and large value, time-critical payments, have
been made possible as a result of developments in information technology as well as
alterations in laws, institutions, and regulations in certain countries. These developments have

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been encouraged by said advancements. With the introduction of e-commerce into the
mainstream of economic activities, we may anticipate more significant shifts in the structure
of payment systems around the world in the next five years than we have seen in the previous
five decades combined. It is very clear that the Philippines will not be able to evade these
requirements. The evolution of the payment system has repercussions for the manner in
which monetary policy is carried out. Because the signal of monetary policy is transmitted to
both the intermediate and ultimate targets of the policy through these markets, well-
functioning financial markets can improve the effectiveness of indirect instruments of
monetary policy. This is because it is through these markets that the signal is transmitted
(Johnson et al. 1998). The amount to which a country's payment system is efficient has a
direct bearing on how well the financial market operates inside that country. Additionally,
rapid changes that are taking place in the country's payment system have the potential to
unpredictably change the demand for and supply of money, which in turn affects the
efficiency of traditional monetary tools. Therefore, monetary authorities cannot afford to be
oblivious to the rapid developments taking place in the payment system because of the rapid
pace of these innovations.

People engage in meaningful conversation using their mobile phones thanks to the
proliferation of smartphones in today's society. As a result, users want to have all of their
personal and professional information synchronized and readily available to them, making the
use of email, instant messaging applications, and short message service (SMS) as a routine
method of staying informed. These are some of the most important avenues by which
business information can be transmitted from companies to end users (B2C).

On the other hand, investigating the advantages of electronic invoicing as opposed to the
conventional use of paper invoicing reveals a reduction in costs brought about by the
elimination of transportation costs as well as a savings in time brought about by the
simplification of workflow. Electronic invoicing has a significantly smaller impact on the
environment than more conventional methods of billing, mostly because of the amount of
energy it uses. Electronic invoicing increases management of billing processes at an
organizational or business level. This is accomplished in a number of ways, including an

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increase in productivity within invoice handling units, a reduction in processing time, and a
reduction in paper usage, amongst others.

In any event, to the best of our knowledge, secondary research on electronic billing systems
that include notifications has not been located anywhere. It is essential to have an
understanding of the ways in which the current problems of electronic invoicing systems,
their accompanying technologies, and the many security concerns and notification delivery
mechanisms have been proposed to be solved. As a result, in this paper, we give a
comprehensive assessment of the literature that addresses the current state of the art in terms
of e-invoicing systems as well as the transmission of notifications by digital methods. The
findings of this research indicate that there has not yet been any discussion regarding the
connection that exists between electronic billing systems and the utilization of digital
notifications.

The paper discusses the significance of electronic invoicing as well as the method of sending,
receiving, and processing invoices without the need for manual intervention. This is one of
the aspects of electronic invoicing. When organizations do business in this manner, payment
delays are reduced, fewer errors occur, and costs associated with printing and shipping are
cut. The report notes, however, that the implementation of such systems can be difficult and
expensive, particularly for businesses of a smaller or medium size. In addition to this, it
details the needs for both functional and non-functional aspects of the system, the logical
structure of the system, the technologies that will be utilized, and lastly, the safety of the
system.

3.6 Project / Internship Planning

3.6.1 Project / Internship Development Approach and Justification
An incremental approach is also used for the development of the Advance Billing System
with QR using Python Django. An incremental approach involves breaking down the
development process into small, manageable increments or modules, each of which is
developed, tested, and delivered independently. Each increment is built on top of the previous

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Project ID:-287438 Introduction to project

one, with new features and functionalities added incrementally, based on user feedback, and
changing requirements.

The incremental approach is beneficial for the Advance Billing System with QR using
Python Django, as it allows for more flexibility in the development process. It allows
developers to deliver usable functionality earlier, which help in validating assumptions and
gathering feedback from users. It also enables the development team to adjust their approach
and incorporate new requirements as they arise, rather than having to wait until the end of the
development process to make changes.

However, an incremental approach is also challenging to implement. It requires a significant

amount of planning and coordination to ensure that the different modules work together
seamlessly. It also more complex to manage and requires a higher level of communication
between the development team and the client.

In summary, while an incremental approach used for developing the Advance Billing System
with QR using Python Django, it requires a high level of coordination and communication
between the development team and the client. It beneficial in delivering functionality earlier
and adjusting to changing requirements but challenging to manage effectively.

3.6.2 Project / Internship Effort and Time, Cost Estimation

Time Estimation:

Table 3.6.2: Time Estimation Table

Activity Estimated Duration

Project Initiation 1 week
Initial Proposal 2 weeks
Building a Project Plan 1 week
Literature Review 5 days
Methodology 1 week
System Analysis 1 weeks
Project Design 1 week and 6 days
Project Development 6 days

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Project ID:-287438 Introduction to project

Testing 6 days
Critical Analysis 4 days
Evaluation 1 day
Report Writing 1 week
Total Effort 12 weeks (Approx. 3 months)

Cost Estimation:

Development cost: This includes the cost of the development team, including salaries,
bonuses, benefits, and training costs.

Infrastructure cost: This includes the cost of hardware, software, and other tools required
for the development, testing, and deployment of the system.

Project management cost: This includes the cost of project managers, project management
tools, and other expenses related to managing the project.

Quality assurance and testing cost: This includes the cost of testing tools, the QA team, and
the cost of fixing bugs and issues found during testing.

Maintenance and support cost: This includes the cost of maintaining and supporting the
system after deployment, including ongoing updates, bug fixes, and user support.

Contingency cost: This includes the cost of unexpected events, such as delays, scope
changes, or other issues that may arise during the development process

3.6.3 Roles and Responsibilities

• To Develop User interface and Design

• To Work With the Stakeholder To Know the Requirement
• To Work With HTML,CSS,BootStrap,Python And Django
• TO Maintain The Website

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Project ID:-287438 Introduction to project

3.7Project / Internship Scheduling (Gantt Chart/PERT/Network Chart)

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Project ID:-287438 System Analysis

4. System Analysis
4.1 Study of Current System
The present system billing works like the shopkeeper has POS software on which it stores
the products data. It has information like product name, product price, and product stock.
The software keeps updating the shopkeeper about stocks and expiry of the product. The
shopkeeper uses the software to create bill for customers and keep track of their business.

Growing SaaS (Software as a Service) companies often find themselves grappling with the
sheer complexity of the recurring billing process. If left unchecked, this results in high churn
and low acquisition rates, which become roadblocks to your growth.

Manual billing: This is a traditional method of billing where invoices are created manually
using pen and paper.

Spreadsheet-based billing: This is a basic computer-based billing system that involves the
use of spreadsheets such as Excel to generate invoices.

4.2 Problem and Weaknesses of Current System

Various problems associated with the existing system are listed below:

• A majority of these systems are desktop-based and proprietary to a single manufacturer.

• There is no backup server or processing, and all of the data is saved in the vendor's
computer storage. All of the data is stored in the vendor's computer storage.

• The fact that every organization needs to make personal contact with the vendors in order
to pitch the product is one of the main reasons why the existing desktop-based system is not
expanding.

4.3 Requirements of New System

Following comparison justify the requirements of the new system:

Table 4.3: Requirements of The New System

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Existing System Proposed System

Most of the system are desktop-based system Proposed system used as a SaaS where
which is limited to the particular vendor. system deployed on a cloud and vendor used
from anywhere.
There is no backup server or mechanism, and Proposed system is deployed on a cloud
all the data are stored in the computer storage server which provides a greater mechanism
of the vendor. to store the data of the vendor in a secure
fashion.
There is a lack of growth in the existing Cloud based system helps the company to
desktop-based system because every time sell and pitch the product in more effective
company have to contact the vendors way because everything is setup on cloud and
physically to pitch the product. company just have to give access to the
different vendors to use the system
Most of the system are working based on the In the proposed system, with the help of QR
mailing communication where vendor send code it is possible to view and download the
the billing copies on the mail. respective bill.

4.4 System Feasibility

4.4.1 Does the system contribute to the overall objectives of the organization?

Yes, the Advance Billing System with QR is contribute to the overall objectives of an
organization in several ways.

First, the system helps streamline billing processes, reducing errors, and increasing
efficiency. This led to improved cash flow management, faster payment processing, and
reduced administrative costs.

Second, the system improves the customer experience by providing quick and easy payment
options through the use of QR codes. This increase customer satisfaction and loyalty, leading
to increased revenue.

Third, the system provides valuable data and insights on billing and payment trends, which
used to inform business decisions and improve overall financial management.

Overall, the Advance Billing System with QR contribute to the overall objectives of an
organization by improving billing processes, enhancing the customer experience, and
providing valuable data and insights.

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4.4.2 Can the system be implemented using the current technology and withinthe given
cost and schedule constraints?

Yes, it is possible that the Advance Billing System with QR is implemented using the
current technology infrastructure of the organization, which includes Python Django,
SQLite, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Bootstrap.

However, whether the system is implemented within the given cost and schedule constraints
depend on several factors. These include the size and complexity of the system, the
availability of skilled developers, the timeline for each phase of the project, the cost of
hardware and software licenses, and any additional costs associated with training and
support.

To ensure that the project is completed within the given cost and schedule constraints, it
essential to conduct detailed project planning and cost estimation. This involve breaking
down the project into smaller, manageable tasks, determining the resources required for
each task, and estimating the time and cost required for completion.

4.4.3 Can the system be integrated with other systems which are already inplace?

The ability to integrate the Advance Billing System with QR with other systems that are
already in place depend on the existing infrastructure and the availability of appropriate
APIs and interfaces.

If the organization has implemented a service-oriented architecture (SOA) or has already

established APIs and interfaces for integrating different systems, then it may be possible to
integrate the Advance Billing System with QR with other systems.

However, if the organization is using legacy systems or proprietary software that does not
have the necessary interfaces, then the integration process may be more challenging. In such
cases, the development team may need to create custom interfaces or use middleware to
enable communication between systems.

It is also important to consider any security and data privacy concerns when integrating
systems. The development team should ensure that appropriate security measures are
implemented to prevent unauthorized access and protect sensitive data.

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4.5 Activity / Process in New System / Proposed System

User Management: The system allows users to create accounts and manage their profiles.
Users view their billing history and payment information, update their billing information,
and manage their payment methods.

QR Code Generation: The system generates unique QR codes for each payment transaction.
These QR codes include payment details such as the amount, payment type, and payment
date.

Payment Processing: The system enables users to make payments through QR codes. When
the user scans the QR code, the payment details extracted, and the payment processed using
the user's chosen payment method.

Billing Management: The system allows administrators to manage billing cycles, generate
invoices, and view payment details. Administrators also set up recurring billing and payment
reminders for users.

Reporting and Analytics: The system generate reports on payment transactions, revenue,
and user activity. These reports help administrators identify payment trends and monitor
payment processing efficiency.

The proposed system developed using Python Django web framework, which provides a
robust platform for developing scalable and maintainable web applications. The system
designed to be user-friendly and intuitive, making it easy for users to navigate and use the
system.

Overall, the proposed system for the Advance Billing System with QR improve payment
processing efficiency, reduce payment processing errors, and provide users with a seamless
and secure payment experience.

4.6 Features of New System / Proposed System

Customer Management: This feature allows users to manage customer information, such as
their name, address, contact details, and payment history.

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Product Management: This feature enables users to manage product information, including
the product name, description, price, and stock level.

Billing and Invoicing: This feature generates invoices and bills for customers and records
payments.

QR Code Generation: This feature generates QR codes for invoices and bills, enabling
customers to make payments easily and quickly.

Payment Gateway Integration: This feature integrates the billing system with popular
payment gateways, such as PayPal, Stripe, or Authorize.net, to process online payments.

Reporting and Analytics: This feature generates reports and analytics to help users
understand billing and payment trends, customer behavior, and product performance.

User Management: This feature allows administrators to manage user roles, permissions,
and access to the billing system.

Integration with Accounting Software: This feature allows the billing system to integrate
with accounting software, such as QuickBooks or Xero, to streamline financial management.

Multi-Currency Support: This feature allows the billing system to support multiple
currencies for international customers.

Customizable Templates: This feature allows users to customize invoices and bill templates
to match their branding and business needs.

4.7 List Main Modules / Components / Processes / Techniques of New

System / Proposed System
Customer Management: This module is responsible for managing customer registration,
login, and authentication. It also includes functionality for creating and managing user
profiles.

Product Management: This module allows for the management of products, including
adding new products, editing existing products, and deleting products. It also allows for the
categorization of products and setting prices for each product.

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Billing Management: This module includes functionality for creating and managing bills. It
includes the ability to generate invoices, view transaction history, and manage payments.

QR Code Generation: This module is responsible for generating unique QR codes for each
product. The QR code is used to identify the product during billing and scanned by a mobile
device.

Report Generation: This module allows for the generation of reports on sales, transactions,
and inventory. It includes various filters to allow for customization of reports.

Notification Management: This module includes functionality for sending notifications to

customers about their purchases, promotions, and new products.

Integration: This module is responsible for integrating the Advance Billing System with
other systems, such as inventory management systems, accounting systems, and customer
relationship management systems.

4.8 Selection of Hardware / Software / Algorithms / Methodology /

Techniques / Approaches and Justification
Hardware: System consisting of a Monitor, Keyboard, CPU and Mouse

Processor: A multi-core processor with a minimum clock speed of 2.5 GHz is

recommended to ensure smooth performance of the application.

RAM: The system should have at least 8GB of RAM to ensure that the application runs
smoothly, without any lag or performance issues.

Storage: The minimum storage requirement for the system should be 250GB or higher,
depending on the size of the database.

Network Interface: A stable internet connection is required to ensure that the system
communicate with other devices and access the required resources.

Software: VSCode for IDE and DbBrowser for Database Purpose

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Operating System: The system deployed on any operating system such as Windows,
Linux, or macOS. The choice of operating system depends on the preference and availability
of the system administrators.

Web Server: The application requires a web server to host the application and manage
requests from clients. The recommended web server for deployment is Apache, which is a
high-performance web server and reverse proxy.

Python: Python is the primary programming language used to develop the Advance Billing
System with QR. The latest version of Python 3.x is required to deploy the system.

Django Framework: Django is a high-level Python web framework used for rapid
development and clean, pragmatic design. The latest version of Django should be installed
to deploy the Advance Billing System with QR.

SQLite Database: SQLite is a lightweight and easy-to-use relational database management

system used in the development of the Advance Billing System with QR. It is a serverless
database system, meaning that it does not require a separate server to operate.

Algorithms:

Encryption algorithms: These algorithms are used to encrypt sensitive data such as
customer information, payment details, and transactions to ensure the privacy and security
of the data.

Sorting algorithms: These algorithms are used to sort data in the system such as customer
records, transaction records, and inventory records.

Search algorithms: These algorithms are used to search and retrieve specific data such as
customer records, transactions, and invoices.

Calculation algorithms: These algorithms are used to perform calculations such as billing
calculations, tax calculations, and discounts.

QR code decoding algorithms: These algorithms are used to decode the QR codes
generated by the system.

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Methodology:

Incremental Methodology: Incremental Model is a process of software development where

requirements are divided into multiple standalone modules of the software development
cycle. In this model, each module goes through the requirements, design, implementation
and testing phases. It is used to deploy the Advance Billing System with QR. Every
subsequent release of the module adds function to the previous release. The process
continues until the complete system achieved.

Techniques:

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): This technique involves the use of objects that
contain both data and behavior. In the case of the Advance Billing System with QR, the
system broken down into various objects such as customer, product, invoice, and payment.
These objects created using OOP concepts such as inheritance, encapsulation, and
polymorphism.

Model-View-Controller (MVC): This technique separates the system into three

components: the model, the view, and the controller. The model contains the data and the
business logic, the view displays the data to the user, and the controller handles the user
input and updates the model and view accordingly. This technique used to develop the user
interface for the Advance Billing System with QR.

Test-Driven Development (TDD): This technique involves writing tests for each piece of
functionality before writing the code. The code is then written to pass the tests. This
technique ensures that the system is thoroughly tested and that all functionality works as
expected. TDD used to develop the Advance Billing System with QR in a reliable and
robust way.

Continuous Integration (CI): This technique involves integrating the code changes made
by the development team into a single codebase on a regular basis. This ensures that any
issues are detected and resolved quickly. CI used to develop the Advance Billing System
with QR in a collaborative and efficient way.

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5. System Design

5.1 System Design & Methodology

5.1.1 Use Case Diagram:

To represent the active behavior of a system and document its requirements, both originating
internally and externally, a use case diagram is employed. It exhibits the agents and
components accountable for executing the use cases, along with their interactions. In essence,
this diagram portrays the interaction between a certain section of the system and an external
entity.

Table 5.1.1: Symbols and components of Use Case Diagram

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Register

Login

Manage Customer

Manage Invoice
Admin
(Organization) Logout

Fig 5.1.1.1: Admin Use Case Diagram

Register

Login

Scan QR Code &

View Invoice
Customer
Download Invoice

Logout

Fig 5.1.1.2: Customer Use Case Diagram

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5.1.2 Activity Diagram:

Activity diagrams are visual aids that display the progression of activities within a system.
They present the sequence of events from the beginning to the end, encompassing diverse
decision pathways that may exist among the activities. These diagrams are employed when
multiple activities are carried out simultaneously. Activity diagrams are especially beneficial
in business modeling, as they proficiently depict the procedures engaged in various business
activities.
Table 5.1.2: Symbols and components of Activity Diagram

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Admin User

Registration Registration

no no

Register? Register?

yes yes

Login Login

no no

Valid? Valid?

Scan QR Code
yes Manage Manage yes Download
& View
Customer Invoice Invoice Invoice

Continue?? Continue??

no no

LogOut LogOut

Fig 5.1.2.1: Admin Activity Diagram Fig 5.1.2.2: User Activity Diagram

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5.1.3 Sequence Diagram:

A sequence diagram is categorized as an interaction diagram as it delineates the way a cluster

of objects collaborates and the order in which they do so. These diagrams are utilized by both
software developers and business professionals to comprehend the prerequisites for a new
system or to record an already existing process.

Table 5.1.3: Symbols and components of Sequence Diagram

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Data
Admin System
Base
Register Data Verify

Ack

Login Data Verify

Verify
Ack

Manage Customer Update Customer Details

Save
Response

Manage Invoice Update Invoice

Save
Response

Fig 5.1.3.1: Admin Sequence Diagram

Data
User System
Base
Register Data Verify

Ack

Login Data Verify

Verify
Ack

Scan QR Code Search Details

Save
Diaplay Invoice

Download Invoice Invoice Details

Search
Invoice PDF

Fig 5.1.3.2: User Sequence Diagram

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5.1.4 Class Diagram:

A class diagram is a type of diagram that offers a static outlook of an application. Its function
is not only to represent, elucidate, and record different aspects of a system, but also to build
executable code for the software application. In a class diagram, the traits, functionalities, and
restrictions of a class are defined. It is widely employed in the modeling of object-oriented
systems as it is the only UML diagram that directly mapped with object-oriented
programming languages. A class diagram demonstrates a set of classes, interfaces,
associations, collaborations, and constraints, and is sometimes referred to as a structural
diagram.

Table 5.1.4: Symbols and components of Class Diagram

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OrganizationDetails

Company Name
Company type Customer Details
PAN Number
Company Name
GSTIN number
Cus_name
Address1
Contact person
Address2
Contact number
State
Company type
City
Address1
Pincode
Address2
Owner name
Landmark
Phone
Country
Email
State
Userid
City
Password1
Pincode
Password2
Register()
Register()
Login()
Login()
Update()
Update()

Invoice Details Product

Cusm_name Invoice
Invoice type Product name
Invoice number Hsn_code
Date Price
Dispathch_trou Discount
gh CGST
Due_date SGST
Bank IGST
Payment type Total
Payment_note Add info()
T_C
Document note
Generate()

Fig 5.1.4: Class Diagram

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5.1.5 ER Diagram:

The Entity-Relationship (ER) model is a data model utilized to define data elements and
relationships within a system. It offers a simple and easy-to-design perspective of data,
helping to develop a conceptual design for a database. The ER model portrays the structure of
the database through an entity-relationship diagram, which is a graphical representation of the
entities, attributes, and the associations between them.

Table 5.1.5: Symbols and components of ER Diagram

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City
Discount
State Pincode
Address2 Email CGST Price
SGST
Address1 UserID HSN Code
IGST
GSTIN Number Password1 Product Name
Total
PAN Number Password2
Invoice
Comapny Type OrganizationDetails Product

Comapny Name

Qwner Name

have Manage for Document Note

Company Name
T_C
Cus_name
Payment_note
Contact Person
view/
CustomerDetails InvoiceDetails
Download Payment Type
Contact Number
Pincode
Company Type Cus_name Bank
City
Address1 Invoice Type Due_Date
State
Address2 Country Invoice Number Dispathch_trough
Land Mark Date

Fig 5.1.5: ER Diagram

5.1.6 Data Flow Diagram:

A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) provides a visual representation of how information is

transmitted within a system. It is a valuable instrument for graphically illustrating the
requirements of a system and employed in manual, automated, or hybrid systems. The
diagram exhibits the flow of data into and out of the system, as well as any alterations made
to the information and the location where data is retained. The primary objective of the DFD
is to present the complete scope and limitations of the system, and it serves as a
communication tool between system analysts and individuals involved in the renovation
process.

Table 5.1.6: Symbols and components of Data Flow Diagram

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Level-0

Manage Customer Download invoice

Invoice Scan QR
Login Login
Register Advance Billing Register
Admin Ack System Client
Ack Ack
Response
Invoice PDF

Fig 5.1.6.1: Admin DFD Level-0

Level-1

Enter Details Verify Data

1.0
Admin Registration OrganizationDetails
Ack Ack

2.0
Enter Id & Password Verify
Login
Response
Ack

3.0 Verify
Add/ Update/Delete Data Manage Customer Details
Confirm Customer Update Response

4.0
Add/ Update/Delete Data Manage Verify
Invoice Invoice Details
Confirm Response

Verify
5.0
Request for logout
Log out OrganizationDetails
Exit Ack

Fig 5.1.6.2: Admin DFD Level-1

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Enter Details Verify Data

1.0
Client Registration CustomerDetails
Ack Ack

2.0
Enter Id & Password Verify
Login
Response
Ack

Search
3.0
Scan QR
View Invoice Details
View Invoice Update Response

4.0
Dowload Search
Download
Pdf Copy Pdf Invoice

Verify
5.0
Request for logout
Log out CustomerDetails
Exit Ack

Fig 5.1.6.3: Client DFD

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5.1.7 Flow Chart:

A flowchart is an illustration of the individual steps of a process arranged in a specific

sequence. It is a versatile tool that customized to suit diverse purposes, and it utilized to
portray a range of procedures, such as a manufacturing process, an administrative or service
process, or a project plan.

Table 5.1.7: Symbols and components of Flow Chart

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Start Start

Admin Client
Registration Registration

Verify no Register Verify no Register

yes
yes

Login Login
No
No

Valid
Valid

yes
yes
Generate Client
Invoice Received QR

Convert into QR Scan & View

Code Invoice

Send Download
Invoice

END END

Fig 5.1.7.1: Admin Flow Chart Fig 5.1.7.2: Client Flow Chart

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5.2 Database Design / Data Structure Design / Circuit Design / Process

Design / Structure Design

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6. Implementation
6.1 Implementation Platform / Environment

Python:
Python is a high-level programming language that is widely used for a variety of applications.
It was first released in 1991 and has since become one of the most popular programming
languages in the world. Python is known for its simplicity, readability, and ease of use.

Python is an interpreted language, meaning that the code is executed line by line, rather than
compiled into a binary file that can be run directly on a computer. This makes it a great
choice for scripting and rapid prototyping. Python is also an object-oriented language, which
means that it supports the creation of objects and classes that can be used to organize code
and data.

One of the key strengths of Python is its extensive library of modules and packages. These
libraries provide a wide range of functionality, from scientific computing and data analysis to
web development and machine learning. Some popular libraries include NumPy, Pandas,
Matplotlib, TensorFlow, and Django.

Python is a versatile language that can be used for a wide variety of tasks, including web
development, data analysis, scientific computing, machine learning, and artificial
intelligence. Its popularity and ease of use make it a great language for beginners, while its
extensive libraries and powerful features make it a favorite of experienced developers as well.

Django:
Django is a high-level web framework for Python that is designed to help developers build
complex, data-driven web applications quickly and easily. It was first released in 2005 and
has since become one of the most popular web frameworks in the world.

Django is based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, but with its own
interpretation of it called Model-View-Template (MVT). It provides a set of tools and

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libraries that make it easy to handle common web development tasks, such as URL routing,
database integration, and user authentication.

One of the key strengths of Django is its Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) system. The
ORM allows developers to interact with databases using Python code, rather than writing raw
SQL queries. This makes it easier to manage data and reduces the risk of SQL injection
attacks.

Django is also known for its security features, which include built-in protection against
common web vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery
(CSRF). It also includes a robust user authentication system that makes it easy to manage
user accounts and permissions.

SQLite:
SQLite is a lightweight, open-source, relational database management system (RDBMS) that
is designed to be embedded in applications. It was first released in 2000 and has since
become one of the most widely used databases in the world.

One of the key advantages of SQLite is its simplicity. Unlike other RDBMSs, SQLite does
not require a separate server process or configuration. Instead, it stores the entire database in
a single file, making it easy to use and deploy.

SQLite supports standard SQL syntax and provides a wide range of features, including
transactions, indexes, and triggers. It is also highly scalable, with the ability to handle
databases that are several terabytes in size.

Another key advantage of SQLite is its cross-platform compatibility. It can be used on a wide
range of platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and Unix, making it an ideal choice
for applications that need to run on multiple operating systems.

REST API:

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REST (Representational State Transfer) API is an architectural style that is used to design
and develop web services. It provides a standard set of guidelines for creating web-based
services that can be easily consumed by client applications.

REST APIs use HTTP requests to perform CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete)
operations on resources. Each resource is identified by a unique Uniform Resource Identifier
(URI), and its state can be manipulated using standard HTTP methods, such as GET, POST,
PUT, and DELETE.

One of the key advantages of REST APIs is their simplicity and flexibility. They can be used
with a wide range of programming languages and platforms, and can be easily integrated into
existing applications. They are also highly scalable, as they can handle a large number of
requests from multiple clients simultaneously.

Another advantage of REST APIs is that they are stateless, which means that each request
contains all the information needed to complete it, without relying on previous requests. This
makes them highly reliable and easy to cache, as responses can be stored and reused for
subsequent requests.

6.2 Process / Program / Technology / Modules Specification(s)

Customer Management: This module is responsible for managing customer registration,

login, and authentication. It also includes functionality for creating and managing user
profiles.
Product Management: This module allows for the management of products, including
adding new products, editing existing products, and deleting products. It also allows for the
categorization of products and setting prices for each product.
Billing Management: This module includes functionality for creating and managing bills. It
includes the ability to generate invoices, view transaction history, and manage payments.

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QR Code Generation: This module is responsible for generating unique QR codes for each
product. The QR code is used to identify the product during billing and scanned by a mobile
device.
Report Generation: This module allows for the generation of reports on sales, transactions,
and inventory. It includes various filters to allow for customization of reports.
Notification Management: This module includes functionality for sending notifications to
customers about their purchases, promotions, and new products.
Integration: This module is responsible for integrating the Advance Billing System with
other systems, such as inventory management systems, accounting systems, and customer
relationship management systems.

6.3 Finding / Results / Outcomes

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Project ID :- 287438 Testing

7. Testing

7. 1Testing Plan / Strategy

Unit Testing:

Test case identification: The first step in unit testing involves identifying test cases for each
module or component of the system. This involve defining input values, expected outputs,
and any other test conditions.

Test case creation: Once the test cases have been identified, the next step to create test cases
for each module or component. This involves writing code to execute each test case and
compare the actual output to the expected output.

Test case execution: With the test cases created, the next step to execute each test case and
verify that the actual output matches the expected output. This involve running automated
tests, debugging any issues, and retesting until all tests passes.

Reporting and analysis: Finally, the results of the unit tests recorded and analyzed to
identify any defects or issues in the system. This involve generating reports on test coverage,
defect density, and other key metrics to help improve the overall quality of the system.

Integration Testing:

Identify the components: The first step is to identify the various components that need to be
integrated. This done based on the system architecture and design.

Create integration test cases: Integration test cases should be created for each of the
identified modules. The test cases should cover all possible interactions between the modules
and ensure that the system is working as expected.

Integrate the modules: The modules should be integrated in a systematic manner, starting
with the most critical components. The integration process should be well documented to
ensure that any issues that arise easily traced back to the root cause.

Execute integration tests: The integration tests should be executed according to the test
plan. Any defects or issues should be identified and reported.

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Debugging: Debugging should be performed to identify and fix any issues that are
discovered during integration testing.

Retesting: Once the defects have been fixed, the integration tests should be re-executed to
ensure that the system is working correctly.

Sign off: Once integration testing is complete and all defects have been fixed, the system
should be signed off for release.

System Testing:

Functional testing: This involves testing the functionality of the system to ensure that it
meets the specified requirements. The tester performs different types of transactions in the
system and verify the output to ensure that it is correct.

Performance testing: This involves testing the system's performance under different loads
and stress conditions. The tester simulates various user scenarios and measure the system's
response time and throughput.

Usability testing: This involves testing the system's ease of use and user-friendliness. The
tester evaluates the system's interface, navigation, and user experience to ensure that they are
intuitive and easy to use.

Compatibility testing: This involves testing the system's compatibility with different
devices, operating systems, and browsers. The tester verify that the system works correctly on
different platforms and devices.

Acceptance Testing:

Preparation: In this stage, the acceptance test plan is prepared, which includes the
acceptance criteria, test scenarios, and test cases.

Execution: In this stage, the acceptance tests are executed, and the results are recorded. The
tests are executed based on the acceptance criteria specified in the test plan.

Evaluation: In this stage, the results of the acceptance tests are evaluated against the
acceptance criteria. If the system meets the acceptance criteria, it is considered as accepted. If

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not, the defects are identified, and the system is sent back to the development team for further
improvement.

Acceptance: In this stage, the stakeholders formally accept the system if it meets the
acceptance criteria. The system is then ready for deployment.

Regression Testing:

Test Coverage: This subtopic involves determining the test cases to be included in the
regression test suite. It is important to ensure that the suite covers all the major functionalities
of the system and any new features that have been added since the previous version.

Test Environment: The test environment should be set up to replicate the production
environment as closely as possible. This includes ensuring that the hardware, software, and
network configurations are the same as the production environment.

Test Data: The test data used in regression testing should be realistic and cover a range of
scenarios. This includes both positive and negative test cases.

Automation: Regression testing time-consuming, so it is important to automate as much of

the testing process as possible. This involves using tools such as test automation frameworks
to run the test suite and generate reports.

Defect Tracking: Any defects found during regression testing should be tracked and
prioritized based on their severity. The development team should work on fixing the defects
and retesting the affected areas.

Test Results: The results of the regression tests should be documented and shared with the
development team and other stakeholders. This helps to identify any areas that need
improvement and provides confidence in the quality of the system.

Test Frequency: Regression testing should be performed regularly, especially after any
major changes to the system. The frequency of regression testing determined based on the
size and complexity of the system, as well as the level of risk associated with any changes.

Performance Testing:

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Load Testing: This testing determines how the system behaves under normal and peak load
conditions. The system tested by simulating multiple users accessing the system
simultaneously, and the response time, throughput, and resource utilization measured.

Stress Testing: This testing determines how the system behaves when pushed beyond its
normal limits. The system will be tested by simulating many users accessing the system
simultaneously, and the response time and resource utilization will be measured.

Endurance Testing: This testing will determine how the system performs under a sustained
load over an extended period. The system will be tested by simulating many users accessing
the system continuously for an extended period, and the response time and resource
utilization measured.

Spike Testing: This testing determines how the system behaves when there is a sudden
increase in load. The system tested by simulating a sudden increase in the number of users
accessing the system, and the response time and resource utilization measured.

Volume Testing: This testing determines how the system behaves when the volume of data
increases. The system tested by simulating a large amount of data being processed by the
system, and the response time and resource utilization measured.

Security Testing:

Authentication and Authorization Testing: This subtopic involves checking if the system
requires users to provide valid credentials to access different functionalities and if the users
are authorized to access them.

Input Validation Testing: This subtopic involves testing if the system validates user inputs
to ensure that they do not contain malicious code or SQL injection attacks.

Access Control Testing: This subtopic involves checking if the system restricts access to
specific resources and functionalities based on the user's roles and privileges.

Data Confidentiality and Integrity Testing: This subtopic involves testing if the system
uses encryption to protect sensitive data during transmission and storage, and if it detects and
prevent data tampering.

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Project ID :- 287438 Testing

Session Management Testing: This subtopic involves testing if the system manages user
sessions securely, including handling session timeouts and preventing session hijacking.

Error Handling and Logging Testing: This subtopic involves testing if the system provides
appropriate error messages to users and logs all system events to enable auditing and
tracking.

Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing: This subtopic involves using

automated tools and manual testing techniques to identify system vulnerabilities and simulate
attacks to assess the system's resilience to them.

7. 2 Test Results and Analysis

7.2.1 Test Cases (test ID, test condition, expected output, actual output,remark)

Table 7.2.1: Test case for the Advance Billing System

Test Test Case Expected Actual

Case Description Input Data Output Output Status
ID
Product barcode EAN of EAN of
1 Barcode application product product Pass
Added to Added to
2 Add to database Product details database database Pass

3 Search product EAN of product Found Found Pass

Product EAN
and Details to be Updated Updated
4 Update database updated product product Pass
Product found
5 Enter product ID EAN Product Pass
found

6 Add to cart button Press button Added to cart Added to cart Pass

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Project ID :- 287438 Testing

Up key for add to cart Press ‘up’

7 navigation key Added to cart Added to cart Pass
Amount to be Amount Amount
8 Discount deducted reduced reduced Pass

9 Generate bill Click button Bill Bill generated Pass

generated

QR code QR code
10 Create QR code File name generated generated Pass
Successfully Successfully
Test if payment Payment Payment
methods work Go to payment methods are methods are
11 correctly method displayed displayed Pass

2 pictures:
12 Image Comparison customer, Same Same Pass
shopkeeper

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Project ID :- 287438 Conclusion and Discussion

8. Conclusion and Discussion

8. 1Overall Analysis of Internship / Project Viabilities

The Advance Billing System with QR using Python Django appears to be a viable solution

for organizations that require an efficient and accurate billing system. The use of QR codes

streamlines the billing process, reducing the possibility of errors and saving time for both the

customers and the organization.

Additionally, the system allows for customization and integration with other systems, making

it a versatile solution for a variety of organizations. The use of Django framework and other

modern technologies ensure that the system is robust and secure.

However, it is important to note that the successful deployment of the system requires

adequate hardware and software specifications, as well as a thorough testing plan to ensure

that the system performs as expected. Additionally, proper training for the users and support

for the maintenance of the system may be required to ensure its long-term viability.

Overall, the Advance Billing System with QR using Python Django has the potential to

greatly improve the billing process for organizations, but it is important to carefully consider

the resources required for its successful deployment and maintenance.

8. 2Problem Encountered and Possible Solutions

Performance issues: The system may be slow or unresponsive, especially when dealing with

large amounts of data. This addressed by optimizing the code, using caching mechanisms, or

scaling up the hardware resources.

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Project ID :- 287438 Conclusion and Discussion

Security vulnerabilities: The system may be vulnerable to hacking, data breaches, or other

security threats. This mitigated by implementing strong authentication and authorization

mechanisms, encrypting sensitive data, and performing regular security audits.

Integration issues: The system may have difficulty integrating with other existing systems or

APIs. This resolved by carefully designing the integration points, using standardized

protocols, and conducting thorough testing before deployment.

User adoption: The system may be difficult for users to learn and use, leading to low

adoption rates. This addressed by conducting user research, designing a user-friendly

interface, and providing adequate training and support.

Cost overruns: The development costs may exceed the budget, causing delays or even

project cancellation. This avoided by conducting thorough cost estimation, monitoring the

project closely, and making necessary adjustments to stay within budget.

8. 3 Summary of Internship / Project work

The project of Advance Billing System with QR using Python Django is an application that
aims to automate the billing process and provide the customers with an easy and efficient
way to pay for their purchases. The system provides several features such as generating
invoices, tracking payments, and generating QR codes for easy payment.

The development approach for this project an incremental methodology that allows for
continuous improvement and flexibility in the development process. The project requires a
specific hardware and software specification for deployment. Additionally, testing is an
essential part of the development process and requires various types of testing such as unit
testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, performance testing, and
security testing.

The system's overall analysis shows that it contributes to the overall objectives of the
organization and implemented using the current technology within the given cost and

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Project ID :- 287438 Conclusion and Discussion

schedule constraints. However, there may be some challenges during the implementation
process that may require solutions to ensure the system's success.

In summary, the Advance Billing System with QR using Python Django is a valuable
addition to any organization looking to streamline their billing process and provide their
customers with a more efficient way to pay for their purchases.

Following are the learning outcomes of the internship program:

Gained experience with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and the Django Framework, and learned the
fundamentals of web design in order to improve my ability to build user interfaces.

SQLite Database was used to gain experience with database operations.

Learn the basics of Python so you construct the middleware/logic required to create the
proposed model.

Understand how the billing cycle and process works.

How to implement the QR code generation.

How to generate the Invoice for the various clients and how to attach the QR code with these
invoices.

Conclusion:

Proposed solution is designed to manage the invoices with the help of the QR code in which
client see the particular invoice with the help of the scanning the QR code. This system is
designed to remove the disadvantage of desktop based invoicing system where client have to
manage everything on the system where software is installed. Cloud based solution helps to
remove the dependency of the single place access and user use the proposed system from
anywhere and he or she just need a constant internet connection and product compatible web
browser. Python language as well as SQLite database is utilized to design and developed the
particular system. Various concept of the frontend designed such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
and Django framework are utilized to design the user interface of the proposed system.

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Project ID :- 287438 Conclusion and Discussion

8. 4 Limitation and Future Enhancement

Limitations of the Advance Billing System with QR include:

Dependency on technology: The system is heavily dependent on technology, and any failure
in the technology lead to system downtime, which negatively impact the business operations.

Need for internet connectivity: The system requires a stable internet connection for its
operations, and any internet downtime cause inconvenience to users and affect the business
operations.

Lack of flexibility: The system may not be flexible enough to accommodate all the unique
requirements of every business, and customization may be needed to meet specific business
needs.

Security concerns: As with any online system, the Advance Billing System with QR is
susceptible to cyber threats, and adequate measures must be taken to ensure data security and
user privacy.

Initial cost: The initial cost of setting up the system, including the hardware and software
requirements, may be high, making it difficult for small businesses to adopt the system.

Technical expertise: The system requires technical expertise to install, configure, and
maintain, and businesses may need to invest in training or hire professionals to manage the
system.

Future enhancements of the Advance Billing System with QR include:

Mobile Application: Develop a mobile application for the Advance Billing System with QR.
This allows customers to access and use the system from their smartphones or tablets, making
it more convenient and user-friendly.

Inventory Management: Add inventory management functionality to the system, enabling

businesses to track their stock levels and automatically reorder items when they run low.

Reporting and Analytics: Develop more comprehensive reporting and analytics tools to
help businesses analyze their sales and billing data, identify trends, and make more informed
decisions.

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Project ID :- 287438 Conclusion and Discussion

Integration with Third-Party Applications: Allow the system to integrate with other
popular business applications such as accounting software, CRM systems, and e-commerce
platforms.

Payment Gateway Integration: Integrate payment gateways such as PayPal, Stripe, or

Square to allow customers to pay their bills online and automate payment processing.

Multi-Language Support: Add support for multiple languages to the system to enable
businesses to use it in different countries and regions.

Voice Recognition: Integrate voice recognition capabilities into the system, allowing users to
perform billing tasks using voice commands.

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Project ID: 287438 References

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Gujarat Technological University 60 Alpha College of Engineering and Technology