Eu MDR Reference Table
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28-Nov 09:00 QMS A Scope of Certification (inc: ANNEX I.14.2 Devices shall be designed and manufactured in such a way as to remove or reduce
Review of Device Master as far as possible:
Schedule, Device Groups,
Type Testing, (a) the risk of injury, in connection with their physical features, including the
Nanoparticles, Software, volume/pressure ratio, dimensional and where appropriate ergonomic features;
Reprocessing, parts/
component as a device, (b) risks connected with reasonably foreseeable external influences or
Human/Animal tissue, environmental conditions, such as magnetic fields, external electrical and
Medicinal substances, electromagnetic effects, electrostatic discharge, radiation associated with
Procedure Packs, Class I) diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, pressure, humidity, temperature, variations in
pressure and acceleration or radio signal interferences;
(c) the risks associated with the use of the device when it comes into contact with
materials, liquids, and substances, including gases, to which it is exposed during
normal conditions of use;
(d) the risks associated with the possible negative interaction between software and
the IT environment within which it operates and interacts;
(f) the risks of reciprocal interference with other devices normally used in the
investigations or for the treatment given; and
(g) risks arising where maintenance or calibration are not possible (as with
implants), from ageing of materials used or loss of accuracy of any measuring or
control mechanism.
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A ANNEX IX.2.4 2.4. The manufacturer in question shall inform the notified body which approved
the quality management system of any plan for substantial changes to the quality
management system, or the device-range covered. The notified body shall assess
the changes proposed, determine the need for additional audits and verify whether
after those changes the quality management system still meets the requirements
referred to in Section 2.2. It shall notify the manufacturer of its decision which shall
contain the conclusions of the assessment, and where applicable, conclusions of
additional audits. The approval of any substantial change to the quality
management system or the device-range covered shall take the form of a
supplement to the EU quality management system certificate.
A ANNEX IX.5.2 5.2. Procedure in the case of devices incorporating a medicinal substance
(a) Where a device incorporates, as an integral part, a substance which, if used
separately, may be considered to be a medicinal product within the meaning of
point 2 of Article 1 of Directive 2001/83/EC, including a medicinal product derived
from human blood or human plasma and that has an action ancillary to that of the
device, the quality, safety and usefulness of the substance shall be verified by
analogy with the methods specified in Annex I to Directive 2001/83/EC.
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A ANNEX IX.5.3 5.3. Procedure in the case of devices manufactured utilising, or incorporating, NA
tissues or cells of human or animal origin, or their derivatives, that are non-viable or
rendered non-viable
A Annex XIII.1 1. For custom-made devices, the manufacturer or its authorised representative
shall draw up a statement containing all of the following information:
— the name and address of the manufacturer, and of all manufacturing sites,
A Annex XIII.2 2. The manufacturer shall undertake to keep available for the competent national
authorities documentation that indicates its manufacturing site or sites and allows
an understanding to be formed of the design, manufacture and performance of the
device, including the expected performance, so as to allow assessment of
conformity with the requirements of this Regulation.
A Annex XIII.3 3. The manufacturer shall take all the measures necessary to ensure that the
manufacturing process produces devices which are manufactured in accordance
with the documentation referred to in Section 2.
A Annex XIII.4 4. The statement referred to in the introductory part of Section 1 shall be kept for a
period of at least 10 years after the device has been placed on the market. In the
case of implantable devices, the period shall be at least 15 years.
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A Recital 38 (38) The reprocessing and further use of single-use devices should only take place
where permitted by national law and while complying with the requirements laid
down in this Regulation. The reprocessor of a single-use device should be
considered to be the manufacturer of the reprocessed device and should assume
the obligations incumbent on manufacturers under this Regulation. Nevertheless,
Member States should have the possibility of deciding that the obligations relating
to reprocessing and re-use of single-use devices within a health institution or by an
external reprocessor acting on its behalf may differ from the obligations on a
manufacturer described in this Regulation. In principle, such divergence should only
be permitted where reprocessing and reuse of single-use devices within a health
institution or by an external reprocessor are compliant with CS that have been
adopted, or, in the absence of such CS, with relevant harmonised standards and
national provisions. The reprocessing of such devices should ensure an equivalent
level of safety and performance to that of the corresponding initial single-use
device.
28-Nov 09:00 QMS B Quality Manual (inc. PRRC, ISO The organization shall document a quality manual that includes:
Authorized Rep identified, 13485:2016, a) the scope of the quality management system, including details of and
Economic Operators 4.2.2 justification for any exclusion
defined, Virtual or non-application;
Manufacture, b) the documented procedures for the quality management system, or reference to
Communications) them;
c) a description of the interaction between the processes of the quality
management system.
The quality manual shall outline the structure of the documentation used in the
quality management
system.
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B ANNEX IX.2.1 2.1. The manufacturer shall lodge an application for assessment of its quality
management system with a notified body. The application shall include:
— the name of the manufacturer and address of its registered place of business and
any additional manufacturing site covered by the quality management system, and,
if the manufacturer's application is lodged by its authorised representative, the
name of the authorised representative and the address of the authorised
representative's registered place of business,
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B Authorised representative
1. Where the manufacturer of a device is not established in a Member State, the
device may only be placed on the Union market if the manufacturer designates a
sole authorised representative.
2. The designation shall constitute the authorised representative's mandate, it shall
be valid only when accepted in writing by the authorised representative and shall
be effective at least for all devices of the same generic device group.
3. The authorised representative shall perform the tasks specified in the mandate
agreed between it and the manufacturer. The authorised representative shall
provide a copy of the mandate to the competent authority, upon request.
The mandate shall require, and the manufacturer shall enable, the authorised
representative to perform at least the following tasks in relation to the devices that
it covers:
(a) verify that the EU declaration of conformity and technical documentation have
been drawn up and, where applicable, that an appropriate conformity assessment
procedure has been carried out by the manufacturer;
(b) keep available a copy of the technical documentation, the EU declaration of
conformity and, if applicable, a copy of the relevant certificate, including any
Article 11 amendments and supplements, issued in accordance with Article 56, at the disposal
of competent authorities for the period referred to in Article 10(8);
(c) comply with the registration obligations laid down in Article 31 and verify that
the manufacturer has complied with the registration obligations laid down in
Articles 27 and 29;
(d) in response to a request from a competent authority, provide that competent
authority with all the information and documentation necessary to demonstrate
the conformity of a device, in an official Union language determined by the
Member State concerned;
(e) forward to the manufacturer any request by a competent authority of the
Member State in which the authorised representative has its registered place of
business for samples, or access to a device and verify that the competent authority
receives the samples or is given access to the device;
(f) cooperate with the competent authorities on any preventive or corrective action
taken to eliminate or, if that is not possible, mitigate the risks posed by devices;
(g) immediately inform the manufacturer about complaints and reports from
healthcare professionals, patients and users about suspected incidents related to a
device for which they have been designated;
(h) terminate the mandate if the manufacturer acts contrary to its obligations under
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B (35) For manufacturers who are not established in the Union, the authorised
representative plays a pivotal role in ensuring the compliance of the devices
produced by those manufacturers and in serving as their contact person established
in the Union. Given that pivotal role, for the purposes of enforcement it is
appropriate to make the authorised representative legally liable for defective
devices in the event that a manufacturer established outside the Union has not
complied with its general obligations. The liability of the authorised representative
provided for in this Regulation is without prejudice to the provisions of Directive
85/374/EEC, and accordingly the authorised representative should be jointly and
severally liable with the importer and the manufacturer. The tasks of an authorised
representative should be defined in a written mandate. Considering the role of
authorised representatives, the minimum requirements they should meet should
Recital 35 be clearly defined, including the requirement of having available a person who
fulfils minimum conditions of qualification which should be similar to those for a
manufacturer's person responsible for regulatory compliance.
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C ANNEX IX
C Article 1 Subject matter and scope
1. This Regulation lays down rules concerning the placing on the market, making
available on the market or putting into service of medical devices for human use
and accessories for such devices in the Union. This Regulation also applies to clinical
investigations concerning such medical devices and accessories conducted in the
Union.
2. This Regulation shall also apply, as from the date of application of common
specifications adopted pursuant to Article 9, to the groups of products without an
intended medical purpose that are listed in Annex XVI, taking into account the state
of the art, and in particular existing harmonised standards for analogous devices
with a medical purpose, based on similar technology. The common specifications
for each of the groups of products listed in Annex XVI shall address, at least,
application of risk management as set out in Annex I for the group of products in
question and, where necessary, clinical evaluation regarding safety.
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An audit program shall be planned, taking into consideration the status and
importance of the processes and area to be audited, as well as the results of
previous audits. The audit criteria, scope, interval and
methods shall be defined and recorded (see 4.2.5). The selection of auditors and
conduct of audits shall ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process.
Auditors shall not audit their own work.
Records of the audits and their results, including identification of the processes and
areas audited and the conclusions, shall be maintained (see 4.2.5).
The management responsible for the area being audited shall ensure that any
necessary corrections and corrective actions are taken without undue delay to
eliminate detected nonconformities and their
causes. Follow-up activities shall include the verification of the actions taken and
the reporting of verification results.
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28-Nov 12:30 CAPA E Corrective & Preventive ISO Control of nonconforming product
Action 13485:2016, 8.3.1 General
8.3 The organization shall ensure that product which does not conform to product
requirements is
identified and controlled to prevent its unintended use or delivery. The organization
shall document
a procedure to define the controls and related responsibilities and authorities for
the identification,
documentation, segregation, evaluation and disposition of nonconforming product.
The evaluation of nonconformity shall include a determination of the need for an
investigation and
notification of any external party responsible for the nonconformity.
Records of the nature of the nonconformities and any subsequent action taken,
including the evaluation,
any investigation and the rationale for decisions shall be maintained (see 4.2.5)
E ISO Improvement
13485:2016, 8.5.1 General
8.5 The organization shall identify and implement any changes necessary to ensure and
maintain the
continued suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the quality management
system as well as medical
device safety and performance through the use of the quality policy, quality
objectives, audit results, postmarket
surveillance, analysis of data, corrective actions, preventive actions and
management review.
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F Recital 48 (48) For implantable devices and for class III devices, manufacturers should
summarise the main safety and performance aspects of the device and the
outcome of the clinical evaluation in a document that should be publicly available.
F Recital 74 (74) Manufacturers should play an active role during the post-market phase by
systematically and actively gathering information from post-market experience with
their devices in order to update their technical documentation and cooperate with
the national competent authorities in charge of vigilance and market surveillance
activities. To this end, manufacturers should establish a comprehensive post-
market surveillance system, set up under their quality management system and
based on a post-market surveillance plan. Relevant data and information gathered
through post-market surveillance, as well as lessons learned from any implemented
preventive and/or corrective actions, should be used to update any relevant part of
technical documentation, such as those relating to risk assessment and clinical
evaluation, and should also serve the purpose of transparency.
28-Nov 13:30 PMS G Device PMS Plan, Report ISO Monitoring and measurement
13485:2016,
8.2.1
G Article 83
G Article 84
G Article 85
G Article 86
G Article 88 Trend reporting
28-Nov 13:30 PMS H PMS Input for Risk Mgmt ISO Monitoring and measurement
& Clinical Eval 13485:2016,
8.2.1
H Article 83
H Article 84
H Article 85
H Article 86
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H Article 88
H Recital 74
28-Nov 13:30 PMS I PSUR ISO Monitoring and measurement
13485:2016,
8.2.1
I Article 83
I Article 84
I Article 85
I Article 86
I Article 88 Trend reporting
28-Nov 13:30 PMS J PMCF, SSCP ISO Monitoring and measurement
13485:2016,
8.2.1
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J ANNEX IX.2.2 Implementation of the quality management system shall ensure compliance with
this Regulation. All the elements, requirements and provisions adopted by the
manufacturer for its quality management system shall be documented in a
systematic and orderly manner in the form of a quality manual and written policies
and procedures such as quality programmes, quality plans and quality records.
Moreover, the documentation to be submitted for the assessment of the quality
management system shall include an adequate description of, in particular:
(a) the manufacturer's quality objectives;
(b) the organisation of the business and in particular:
— the organisational structures with the assignment of staff responsibilities in
relation to critical procedures, the responsibilities of the managerial staff and their
organisational authority,
— the methods of monitoring whether the operation of the quality management
system is efficient and in particular the ability of that system to achieve the desired
design and device quality, including control of devices which fail to conform,
— where the design, manufacture and/or final verification and testing of the
devices, or parts of any of those processes, is carried out by another party, the
methods of monitoring the efficient operation of the quality management system
and in particular the type and extent of control applied to the other party, and
— where the manufacturer does not have a registered place of business in a
Member State, the draft mandate for the designation of an authorised
representative and a letter of intention from the authorised representative to
accept the mandate;
(c) the procedures and techniques for monitoring, verifying, validating and
controlling the design of the devices and the corresponding documentation as well
as the data and records arising from those procedures and techniques. Those
procedures and techniques shall specifically cover:
— the strategy for regulatory compliance, including processes for identification of
relevant legal requirements, qualification, classification, handling of equivalence,
choice of and compliance with conformity assessment procedures,
— identification of applicable general safety and performance requirements and
solutions to fulfil those requirements, taking applicable CS and, where opted for,
harmonised standards or other adequate solutions into account,
— risk management as referred to in Section 3 of Annex I,
— the clinical evaluation, pursuant to Article 61 and Annex XIV, including post-
market clinical follow-up,
J Article 10 General obligations of manufacturers
1. For implantable devices and for class III devices, other than custom-made or
investigational devices, the manufacturer shall draw up a summary of safety and
clinical performance.
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K Article 81
K Article 87
K Article 88
K Article 89
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L ISO
13485:2016,
8.2.3
L Article 81
L Article 87
L Article 88
L Article 89
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M ISO Monitoring and measurement of processes The organization shall apply suitable
13485:2016, methods for monitoring and, as appropriate, measurement of the quality
4.2.5 management system processes. These methods shall demonstrate the ability of the
processes to achieve planned results. When planned results are not achieved,
correction and corrective action shall be taken, as appropriate.
M ANNEX IX
M Article 10 General obligations of manufacturers
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29-Nov 08:30 Design N Design & Development ISO Design and development
& (inc. Regulatory Strategy, 13485:2016, 7.3.1 General
Developmen Software/Cybersecurity, 7.3 The organization shall document procedures for design and development.
t Labelling/CE Mark, UDI, 7.3.2 Design and development planning
Translation, Website, The organization shall plan and control the design and development of product. As
GSPR/State of the Art, appropriate, design
Custom / Custom and development planning documents shall be maintained and updated as the
Implantable Devices design and development
progresses.
During design and development planning, the organization shall document:
a) the design and development stages;
b) the review(s) needed at each design and development stage;
c) the verification, validation, and design transfer activities that are appropriate at
each design and
development stage;
d) the responsibilities and authorities for design and development;
e) the methods to ensure traceability of design and development outputs to design
and
development inputs;
f) the resources needed, including necessary competence of personnel.
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N ANNEX I.14.2 Devices shall be designed and manufactured in such a way as to remove or reduce
as far as possible:
(a) the risk of injury, in connection with their physical features, including the
volume/pressure ratio, dimensional and where appropriate ergonomic features;
(b) risks connected with reasonably foreseeable external influences or
environmental conditions, such as magnetic fields, external electrical and
electromagnetic effects, electrostatic discharge, radiation associated with
diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, pressure, humidity, temperature, variations in
pressure and acceleration or radio signal interferences;
(c) the risks associated with the use of the device when it comes into contact with
materials, liquids, and substances, including gases, to which it is exposed during
normal conditions of use;
(d) the risks associated with the possible negative interaction between software and
the IT environment within which it operates and interacts;
(e) the risks of accidental ingress of substances into the device;
(f) the risks of reciprocal interference with other devices normally used in the
investigations or for the treatment given; and
(g) risks arising where maintenance or calibration are not possible (as with
implants), from ageing of materials used or loss of accuracy of any measuring or
control mechanism.
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N ANNEX I.23.1 General requirements regarding the information supplied by the manufacturer
Each device shall be accompanied by the information needed to identify the device
and its manufacturer, and by any safety and performance information relevant to
the user, or any other person, as appropriate. Such information may appear on the
device itself, on the packaging or in the instructions for use, and shall, if the
manufacturer has a website, be made available and kept up to date on the website,
taking into account the following:
(a) The medium, format, content, legibility, and location of the label and
instructions for use shall be appropriate to the particular device, its intended
purpose and the technical knowledge, experience, education or training of the
intended user(s). In particular, instructions for use shall be written in terms readily
understood by the intended user and, where appropriate, supplemented with
drawings and diagrams.
(b) The information required on the label shall be provided on the device itself. If
this is not practicable or appropriate, some or all of the information may appear on
the packaging for each unit, and/or on the packaging of multiple devices.
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N Annex CORRELATION TABLE between 90/385/EEC and 93/42/EEC and MDR 2017/745
XV.II.3.1.5
N Article 1
N Article 10 General obligations of manufacturers
N Article 18 Implant card and information to be supplied to the patient with an implanted
device
1. The manufacturer of an implantable device shall provide together with the
device the following:
(a) information allowing the identification of the device, including the device name,
serial number, lot number, the UDI, the device model, as well as the name, address
and the website of the manufacturer;
(b) any warnings, precautions or measures to be taken by the patient or a
healthcare professional with regard to reciprocal interference with reasonably
foreseeable external influences, medical examinations or environmental conditions;
(c) any information about the expected lifetime of the device and any necessary
follow-up;
(d) any other information to ensure safe use of the device by the patient, including
the information in point (u) of Section 23.4 of Annex I.
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N Article 27
N Article 89
N Recital 39 (39) Patients who are implanted with a device should be given clear and easily
accessible essential information allowing the implanted device to be identified and
other relevant information about the device, including any necessary health risk
warnings or precautions to be taken, for example indications as to whether or not it
is compatible with certain diagnostic devices or with scanners used for security
controls.
N Recital 48
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29-Nov 08:30 Design O Design & Development ISO The organization shall manage these quality management system processes in
& Changes (inc. 13485:2016, accordance with
Developmen Determination & 4.1.4 the requirements of this International Standard and applicable regulatory
t Notification of Substantial requirements. Changes to be
Change made to these processes shall be:
a) evaluated for their impact on the quality management system;
b) evaluated for their impact on the medical devices produced under this quality
management system;
c) controlled in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard
and applicable
regulatory requirements.
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O ANNEX IX.2.4 The manufacturer in question shall inform the notified body which approved the
quality management system of any plan for substantial changes to the quality
management system, or the device-range covered. The notified body shall assess
the changes proposed, determine the need for additional audits and verify whether
after those changes the quality management system still meets the requirements
referred to in Section 2.2. It shall notify the manufacturer of its decision which shall
contain the conclusions of the assessment, and where applicable, conclusions of
additional audits. The approval of any substantial change to the quality
management system or the device-range covered shall take the form of a
supplement to the EU quality management system certificate.
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O Article 10
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29-Nov 08:30 Design P Clinical Evaluation (inc. ISO Design and development validation
& PMCF, SSCP, PMS input) 13485:2016, Design and development validation shall be performed in accordance with planned
Developmen 7.3.7 and documented
t arrangements to ensure that the resulting product is capable of meeting the
requirements for the
specified application or intended use.
The organization shall document validation plans that include methods, acceptance
criteria and, as
appropriate, statistical techniques with rationale for sample size.
Design validation shall be conducted on representative product. Representative
product includes
initial production units, batches or their equivalents. The rationale for the choice of
product used for
validation shall be recorded (see 4.2.5).
As part of design and development validation, the organization shall perform
clinical evaluations or
performance evaluations of the medical device in accordance with applicable
regulatory requirements.
A medical device used for clinical evaluation or performance evaluation is not
considered to be released
for use to the customer.
If the intended use requires that the medical device be connected to, or have an
interface with, other
medical device(s), validation shall include confirmation that the requirements for
the specified
application or intended use have been met when so connected or interfaced.
Validation shall be completed prior to release for use of the product to the
customer.
P ANNEX IX.2.1
P ANNEX IX.2.2
P Annex XIV
P Article 10 General obligations of manufacturers
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P Recital 64 (64) The rules on clinical investigations should be in line with well-established
international guidance in this field, such as the international standard ISO
14155:2011 on good clinical practice for clinical investigations of medical devices
for human subjects, so as to make it easier for the results of clinical investigations
conducted in the Union to be accepted as documentation outside the Union and to
make it easier for the results of clinical investigations conducted outside the Union
in accordance with international guidelines to be accepted within the Union. In
addition, the rules should be in line with the most recent version of the World
Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical
Research Involving Human Subjects.
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Q Article 80 Recording and reporting of adverse events that occur during clinical investigations
1. The sponsor shall fully record all of the following:
(a) any adverse event of a type identified in the clinical investigation plan as being
critical to the evaluation of the results of that clinical investigation;
(b) any serious adverse event;
(c) any device deficiency that might have led to a serious adverse event if
appropriate action had not been taken, intervention had not occurred, or
circumstances had been less fortunate;
(d) any new findings in relation to any event referred to in points (a) to (c). ▼B
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S ANNEX IX.2.1
S Article 1
S Article 10 General obligations of manufacturers
S Article 18
S Article 19 EU declaration of conformity
S Article 27
S Article 27
S Article 32 Summary of safety and clinical performance
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S Article 51
S Article 52
S Article 61 Clinical evaluation
S Article 8 Use of harmonised standards
1. Devices that are in conformity with the relevant harmonised standards, or the
relevant parts of those standards, the references of which have been published in
the Official Journal of the European Union, shall be presumed to be in conformity
with the requirements of this Regulation covered by those standards or parts
thereof.
The first subparagraph shall also apply to system or process requirements to be
fulfilled in accordance with this Regulation by economic operators or sponsors,
including those relating to quality management systems, risk management, post-
market surveillance systems, clinical investigations, clinical evaluation or post-
market clinical follow-up (‘PMCF’).
References in this Regulation to harmonised standards shall be understood as
meaning harmonised standards the references of which have been published in the
Official Journal of the European Union.
2. References in this Regulation to harmonised standards shall also include the
monographs of the European Pharmacopoeia adopted in accordance with the
Convention on the Elaboration of a European Pharmacopoeia, in particular on
surgical sutures and on interaction between medicinal products and materials used
in devices containing such medicinal products, provided that references to those
monographs have been published in the Official Journal of the European Union.
S Recital 39
S Recital 51
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U Article 15
U Recital 34
29-Nov 12:30 V Tour of Manufacturing ISO Planning of product realization
Production (Goods 13485:2016, The organization shall plan and develop the processes needed for product
& Service received/verification 7.1 realization. Planning of
Provision (witness), In-process product realization shall be consistent with the requirements of the other processes
activities & verification of the quality
(witness), Traceability, management system.
Accept & Release) The organization shall document one or more processes for risk management in
product realization.
Records of risk management activities shall be maintained (see 4.2.5).
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V ANNEX IX.2.4
V ANNEX IX.3.5 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
►C1 In the case of class IIa and class IIb devices, the surveillance assessment shall
also include an assessment of the technical documentation as specified in Section 4
for the device or devices concerned on the basis of further representative samples
chosen in accordance with the rationale documented by the notified body in
accordance with the third paragraph of Section 2.3. ◄
In the case of class III devices, the surveillance assessment shall also include a test
of the approved parts and/or materials that are essential for the integrity of the
device, including, where appropriate, a check that the quantities of produced or
purchased parts and/or materials correspond to the quantities of finished devices.
V ANNEX IX.3.7 If the notified body finds a divergence between the sample taken from the devices
produced or from the market and the specifications laid down in the technical
documentation or the approved design, it shall suspend or withdraw the relevant
certificate or impose restrictions on it.
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W Article 10
29-Nov 12:30 X Calibration & Maintenance ISO
Production 13485:2016,
& Service 6.3
Provision
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29-Nov 15:00 Supply Y Outsourced Process (inc. ISO When the organization chooses to outsource any process that affects product
Chain Authorized Rep, Importers, 13485:2016, conformity to
Distributors, Traceability) 4.1.5 requirements, it shall monitor and ensure control over such processes. The
organization shall retain
responsibility of conformity to this International Standard and to customer and
applicable regulatory
requirements for outsourced processes. The controls shall be proportionate to the
risk involved and the
ability of the external party to meet the requirements in accordance with 7.4. The
controls shall include
written quality agreements.
Y ISO
13485:2016,
7.5.9
Y ANNEX IX.2.1
Y ANNEX IX.2.2
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Y Article 11
Y Article 12
Y Article 13
Y Article 14
Y Article 16
Y Article 25
Y Article 27
Y Recital 35
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AA Article 27
30-Nov 08:30 UKCA BB UKCA Technical File UK MDR 2002
Tech File (including labeling), MHRA
Registration, UK
Responsible Person,
Internal Audit (UK MDR
2002)