INDEX

1. Editorial Vocab 2-3

2. Perfection Vocab 4-10

3. Error Detection Questions 11-12

4. Reading Comprehension 13-16

5. Answer Key 17-19

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 EDITORIAL VOCAB
● Deficit: A shortage or lack of something, especially in
finance or resources.
● Concessional: Involving or granting concessions; typically
refers to loans or terms that are more favorable than
usual.
● Discretionary: Left to one's own discretion or judgment;
optional or voluntary.
● Corollary: A direct or natural consequence or result;
something that follows logically from another.
● Remission: The temporary or permanent decrease or
subsiding of symptoms or a disease; forgiveness or pardon
of sins or offenses.
● Extremism: The holding of extreme political or religious
views; actions or beliefs considered to be far outside the
mainstream.
● Dissenters: Individuals who disagree with or oppose
established beliefs, policies, or authorities.
● Draconian: Excessively harsh or severe; pertaining to laws
or rules that are extremely strict or stringent.
● Waning: Decreasing in size, extent, or degree; diminishing
or declining.
● Over the hill: Used to describe someone who is past their
prime or has reached middle age.
● Hit the books: To study intensively or with great effort.
● Hit the sack: To go to bed or go to sleep.
● Through thick and thin: Through all difficulties and
challenges; in good times and bad.
● Off the chain: Excellent, outstanding, or very impressive;

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often used to describe something as being exceptionally
good or exciting.

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 PERFECTION VOCAB

● Appreciating: Showing gratitude or recognition for something;

valuing or understanding its worth.
● Fostering: Encouraging the development or growth of
something, such as a feeling, relationship, or skill.
● Self-esteem: Confidence in one's own worth or abilities;
self-respect.
● Mudita: A term from Buddhist philosophy referring to
sympathetic joy or happiness in the good fortune and success
of others.
● Sympathetic: Showing concern for others' feelings or
situations; compassionate or understanding.
● Sympathy: Feeling pity or sorrow for someone's misfortune;
empathy.
● Overshadowed: To be more prominent or important than
something else, often in a way that diminishes its significance
or attention.
● Criticism: The act of expressing disapproval or judgement;
analysis or evaluation of merits and faults.

● Spiritual: Relating to the spirit or soul, often associated with

religion or personal growth.
● Revealing: Making something known or visible; disclosing.
● Comprehensive: Covering or including everything; thorough.
● Philosophy: The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge,
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 reality, and existence, especially when considered as an
academic discipline.
● Soul: The spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or
animal, regarded as immortal.
● Essence: The intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of
something, especially something abstract, which determines its
character.
● Trivial: Of little value or importance; insignificant.
● Blundering: Making many mistakes or errors; clumsy or
awkward.
● Obstacles: Something that obstructs or hinders progress.
● Uncertainty: The state of being uncertain or not clearly
known.
● Turmoil: A state of great disturbance, confusion, or
uncertainty.
● Crucial: Decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure
of something.
● Equanimity: Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of
temper, especially in difficult situations.
● Pivotal: Of crucial importance in relation to the development
or success of something else.
● Steering: The act of guiding or directing something.
● Turbulences: Disturbances or agitations, often used
metaphorically to indicate chaos or disorder.
● Discernment: The ability to judge well or perceive clearly.
● Aplomb: Self-confidence or assurance, especially when in a
demanding situation.
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● Inconsequential: Not important or significant; trivial or of
little consequence.
● Vulnerable: Susceptible to physical or emotional harm; easily
hurt or wounded.
● Victims: Individuals who suffer harm, injury, or loss as a result
of a crime, accident, or other event.
● Underscoring: Emphasizing or highlighting the importance of
something.
● Revealed: Made known or disclosed; uncovered or brought to
light.
● Starkly: Clearly or sharply, often used to emphasize a contrast
or difference.
● Disparity: A noticeable difference or inequality, especially in
terms of age, income, or opportunity.
● Fatalities: Deaths resulting from accidents, disasters, or
other causes.
● Repercussions: Unintended consequences or effects of an
action or event.
● Stemming: Originating from or caused by a particular source
or factor.
● Meticulous: Showing great attention to detail; thorough and
precise.
● Mitigated: Made less severe, serious, or painful; alleviated or
reduced.
● Adequate: Sufficient or enough in quantity, quality, or degree;
satisfactory.
● Inadequate: Not sufficient or satisfactory; lacking in quality
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 or quantity.
● Devastating: Causing severe shock, distress, or damage;
extremely destructive or harmful.
● Preparedness: The state of being prepared or ready for
something, especially a potential emergency or crisis.
● Upbringing: The way a person is raised, typically referring to
their childhood and the influences of their family,
environment, and education.
● Asserting: To state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully;
to declare or maintain.
● Prerogative: A right or privilege exclusive to a particular
individual or class; an exclusive right or privilege.
● Pedagogy: The method and practice of teaching, especially as
an academic subject or theoretical concept.
● Assertion: A confident and forceful statement or declaration
of a fact or belief.
● Demarcation: The action of fixing the boundary or limits of
something; the marking off or distinguishing of boundaries or
categories.
● Mandate: An official order or commission to do something; the
authority to carry out a policy or course of action.
● Encroachment: Intrusion on a person's territory, rights, or
domain; the action of gradually taking away someone else's
rights or property.
● Unperturbed: Not perturbed or disturbed; calm and serene,
especially in the face of difficulties or disturbances.
● Cordial: Warm and friendly; polite and respectful.
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● Erstwhile: Former; in the past; former or previous in time.
● Distribution: The act of sharing or delivering something to
multiple recipients; the way in which something is shared out
among a group or spread over an area.
● Submerged: Completely covered with water; underwater.
● Proposed: Suggested or put forward for consideration,
discussion, or approval.
● Outstanding: Remarkably good; clearly noticeable; not yet
settled or paid.
● Liabilities: Financial debts or obligations that arise during the
course of business operations; something for which one is
responsible, especially a debt or financial obligation.
● Three-tier: Consisting of three levels or layers; often used to
describe hierarchical structures or systems with three
distinct levels.
● Necessity: Something that is necessary or required; essential
or indispensable.
● Reconstruction: The act or process of rebuilding, reorganizing,
or restoring something, especially after damage or
destruction.
● Interplay: The way in which two or more things have an effect
on each other; interaction or mutual influence.
● Exacerbating: Making a problem, situation, or negative feeling
worse; aggravating or intensifying.
● Autonomy: The right or condition of self-government,
especially in a particular sphere; independence or freedom
from external control or influence.
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● Readiness: The state of being fully prepared or eager to do
something.
● Procurement: The process of obtaining goods or services,
typically through purchasing or acquisition.
● Ambitions: Strong desires to achieve something, typically
requiring determination and hard work; aspirations or goals.
● Ongoing: Continuing; in progress; happening or existing now or
for a period of time without interruption.
● Transatlantic relations: Refers to the political, economic, and
cultural connections between countries on both sides of the
Atlantic Ocean, particularly between North America and
Europe.
● Scrutiny: Critical observation or examination; careful
inspection.
● Dividends: Payments made by a company to its shareholders,
usually as a share of profits.
● Rigorous: Thorough, strict, or demanding in terms of standards
or procedures.
● Staunch: Loyal, committed, and steadfast in one's support for
a person, principle, or cause.
● Inherent: Existing as a natural or essential part of something;
intrinsic or innate.
● Imperiled: Endangered or at risk of being harmed, damaged, or
destroyed.
● Refinement: The process of making improvements by removing
flaws or perfecting details; the quality of being polished or
elegant.
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● Congestion: The state of being overcrowded or blocked,
especially with traffic or people.
● Insights: Deep understanding or perceptions gained from
experience or knowledge.
● Impart: To give or convey something, such as knowledge,
information, or a quality.
● Deliberate: Done consciously and intentionally; careful and
unhurried.
● Prowess: Skill or expertise in a particular activity or field.
● Confines: The boundaries or limits of something.
● Prompted: To cause or bring about an action, feeling, or
thought; to motivate or induce.
● Upbringing: The way a person is raised, typically referring to
their childhood and upbringing by parents or guardians.
● Aligned: Arranged in a straight line or in correct relative
positions.
● Amidst: In the middle of or surrounded by; during.
● Reevaluation: The act of assessing or evaluating something
again, usually with the intention of making changes or
reassessing its value.

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Directions (Qs. 1-5): In the following question, one part of the
sentence may have an error. Find out which part of the sentence
has an error and select the appropriate option. If the sentence is
free from error, select 'No Error'.

Question 1
The government must (A)/ ensure that the corresponding (B)/
bureaucratic and legal frameworks (C)/ encouraged the free flow of
knowledge. (D)
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
(5) No error

Question 2
Donald Trump is now the first ever former U.S. President to (A)/
become a convicted felon after a New York state jury (B)/ returned a
guilty verdict for all 34 charges in the case relating (C)/ to hush money
that he pay to adult film actor Stormy Daniels in 2016. (D)
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
(5) No error

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Question 3
The judge has set sentencing for July 11, just ahead (A)/ of the
Republican National Convention in Milwaukee, (B)/ where party
leaders are expected to nominating Trump (C)/ as their candidate for
the presidential race. (D)
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
(5) No error
Question 4
A recent editorial piece in (A)/ Nature Lauded India’s ascent (B)/
towards becoming a scientific juggernaut, (C)/ paralleling its
burgeoning economic clout. (D)
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
(5) No error

Question 5
The flight was Agnikul’s (A)/ fifth attempt after the first (B)/ four were
called on (C)/ owing to suboptimal launch conditions. (D)
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
(5) No error

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Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that
follow.

Sisters Audrey Findlay, 75, and Barbara Rowe, 63, start every
weekday with an 8 a.m. phone call. An hour or so later, they head to
work together at Findlay Rowe, the gift shop they opened 12 years
ago. (Previously, they worked at the same health care company for 13
years, where Ms. Findlay was the general manager and Ms. Rowe was
the payroll manager.)
At 5 or 6 p.m., the sisters leave work and head to their homes — four
houses apart. And after dinner, they reconvene for an hour-long stroll,
slipping easily into what their adult children (they have nine between
them) affectionately call their “twin talk.”
“One of us will begin a sentence, not finish it, and the other will already
be answering,” Ms. Findlay said.
The sisters do have their arguments, as would be expected from two
people who frequently spend the bulk of their days together. But they
are committed to staying close and being there for each other.
“Our dad was an orphan, and he felt very strongly about family,” Ms.
Rowe said. “We can have a knock-down, drag-out fight, and the next
day it’s like: ‘Well, where are we going to dinner?’”
More than 80 percent of Americans grow up with at least one sibling,
and research suggests those relationships can offer benefits well into
adulthood. A 2019 study that focused on people in their mid-60s, for
example, found that warmth between adult siblings may provide a
buffer against loneliness and help boost well-being.

While there isn’t a lot of research on how well most adults get along
with their siblings, data from the 2015 book “Adult Sibling
Relationships,” co-written by Geoffrey Greif, a professor at the
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University of Maryland School of Social Work, offers some clues. In
qualitative interviews with 262 adults, 64 percent said they considered
themselves to be a “good friend” to at least one of their siblings, and 45
percent said they considered at least one of their siblings to be among
their best friends.
Yet 70 percent said they had ups and downs with their siblings over the
course of their lives, Dr. Greif said in an interview, and 8 percent said
they were never close.
“Sibling relationships, like all family relationships, have a certain
amount of ambivalence and ambiguity,” Dr. Greif said — an obvious
statement, perhaps, but one he believes is important for siblings to
bear in mind, so they don’t set an “impossible standard” for what a
solid relationship entails.
And he and other therapists who focus on family relationships believe
that it is possible to bolster an adult sibling connection, even if you do
not have (or even aspire to) the kind of intense bond that Ms. Findlay
and Ms. Rowe share.

1. What was the main finding of the 2019 study mentioned in the
passage regarding adult sibling relationships?
A. Adult siblings who consider themselves best friends have lower
levels of loneliness.
B. The majority of adult siblings experience ambivalence and
ambiguity in their relationships.
C. Adult sibling relationships have no significant impact on overall
well-being.
D. Siblings who work together are more likely to have stronger
bonds in adulthood.
E. Warmth between adult siblings is inversely correlated with
well-being.

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2. According to the passage, why is it important for siblings to bear in
mind the concept of ambivalence and ambiguity in their relationships?
A. To set a higher standard for their sibling relationships.
B. To minimize conflicts and disagreements with their siblings.
C. To understand that intense bonds are impossible to achieve.
D. To maintain realistic expectations and avoid disappointment.
E. To appreciate the unique complexities of adult sibling
connections.

3. Which statement best summarizes the findings of the book "Adult

Sibling Relationships" mentioned in the passage?
A. Most adults consider themselves good friends with all their
siblings.
B. Sibling relationships have a significant impact on overall
happiness.
C.Only a small percentage of siblings report never being close.
D. Warmth between adult siblings can help combat loneliness.
E. The majority of adults have ups and downs in their sibling
relationships.

4. What is the significance of the sisters' daily phone call and post-work
stroll in their relationship?
A. It helps them maintain a routine and work-life balance.
B. It serves as a way to resolve any arguments or conflicts they had
during the day.

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 C. It provides an opportunity for their adult children to participate in
"twin talk."
D. It is a tradition inherited from their father, emphasizing the
importance of family.
E. It ensures they have enough time for recreational activities
outside of work.

5. How does the passage suggest that adult sibling relationships can
be strengthened?
A. By scheduling regular phone calls and meetings to maintain
communication.
B. By actively resolving conflicts and disagreements as they arise.
C. By participating in shared activities and creating new memories
together.
D. By seeking professional counseling or therapy for unresolved
issues.
E. By practicing empathy, understanding, and support for each
other's family issues.

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 Answers of Reading Comprehension

Q1. Ans: A
Explanation:
Option A is correct.
Refer to: A 2019 study that focused on people in their mid-60s, for
example, found that warmth between adult siblings may provide a
buffer against loneliness and help boost well-being.

Q2. Ans: D
Explanation:
Option D is correct.
Refer to: “Sibling relationships, like all family relationships, have a
certain amount of ambivalence and ambiguity,” Dr. Greif said — an
obvious statement, perhaps, but one he believes is important for
siblings to bear in mind, so they don’t set an “impossible standard” for
what a solid relationship entails.

Q3. Ans: E
Explanation:
Option E is correct
Refer to: While there isn’t a lot of research on how well most adults
get along with their siblings, data from the 2015 book “Adult Sibling
Relationships,” co-written by Geoffrey Greif, a professor at the
University of Maryland School of Social Work, offers some clues.
In qualitative interviews with 262 adults, 64 percent said they
considered themselves to be a “good friend” to at least one of their
siblings, and 45 percent said they considered at least one of their
siblings to be among their best friends.
Yet 70 percent said they had ups and downs with their siblings
over the course of their lives, Dr. Greif said in an interview, and 8
percent said they were never close.

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Q4.Ans: D
Explanation:
Option D is correct.
Refer to: “Our dad was an orphan, and he felt very strongly about
family,” Ms. Rowe said.

Q5. Ans: C
Explanation:
Option C is correct.
The entire passage here talks about how siblings’ bond can be
strengthened by being interactive with each other.
For instance refer to: The sisters do have their arguments, as would
be expected from two people who frequently spend the bulk of their
days together. But they are committed to staying close and being there
for each other.

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Answers of Error Detection

1.
Ans: 4
Solution: The D part has an error. We need the base form of the verb
to follow the modal verb MUST and also the verb should be identical in
form of “ensure”. As the verb connected with “AND” should be similar
in form. Replace “encouraged” with “encourage.”

2.Ans: 4
Solution: The D part has an error. We need the second form of a verb
as the given sentence talks about an event that happened in the past.
Replace the base form verb “pay” with the second form verb “paid”.

3.Ans: 3
Solution: The C part has an error. We need the base form of a verb to
fit in the infinitive construction TO + VERB. Replace the present
participle form verb “nominating” with the base form verb “nominate”.

Q4.Ans: 5
Solution: The given sentence is free from error.
5.Ans: 3
Solution: The C part has an error. The error lies in the incorrect usage
of the phrasal verb. Replace “Called on” which means asking someone
to do something with “called off” which means cancelled or abandoned
something.

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