Scheme- I : Drugs of Pharmacognosy

Sr No. DRUGS URDU PLANT NAME FAMILY PART USED CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS USES
CLASS
1 Mastic Mastagi Pistacia lentiscus Anacardiaceae Resinous extract Resin Alpha & Beta Resin As dental varnish to
seal cavities
2 Catharanthus Sada Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Whole dried plant Alkaloid Vinblastine Anticancer
Bahar Vincristine
3 Rauwolfia Chotti Rauvolphia Apocynaceae Dried root & Alkaloid Reserpine Sedative
Chandan serpentina rhizome Serpentine Hypotensive
4 Black mustard Raai Brassica nigra Brassicaceae Dried ripe seeds Glycoside Sinigrin Irritant
Myrosin Emetic
5 Myrrh Mur maki Commiphora molmol Burseraceae Resinous extract Resin Resin acid Stimulant
Resenes V. oil Emmenagogue
6 Ergot Anaj Rog Claviceps purpurea Clavicipitaceae Dried serotium Alkaloid Ergotamine Oxytocic agent
Ergotoxine
7 Jalap Hareerr Exogonium purga Convovulaceae Dried tuberous root Resin Convolvulin, Cathartic, Purgative
Exogonic acid
8 Colocynth Kor tuma Cirullus colocynthus Cucurbitaceae Dried pulp of fruit Resin Colocynthin Cathartic
Cucurbitacin
9 Ephedrine Sympatheti agent
Ephedra sem kalpa Ephedra sinica Ephedreaceae Whole dried plant Alkaloid
Pseudoephedrine For Asthma
10 Castor seed Arrind Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Dried ripe seeds Fixed oil Resin Cathartic
Richnine
11 Nutgall Mazo phal Quercus infectoria Fagaceae Vegetable out Tannin Tannic acid Astringent
growth Gallic acid For burns
12 Gentian Jantiana Gentiana lutea Getianaceae Dried root & Glycoside Gentiopicroside Bitter tonic
rhizome Gentioside
13 Salvia Seej Salvia officinalis Labiatae Dried leaf Volatile oil Thujone Diuretic
Pinene Fatigue reliever
14 Baan Dried leaves & Thymol
Thyme Ajwaain Thymus vulgaris labiatae flowering tops Volatile oil Carvacrol Antiseptic
Limonene
15 Ocimum Dried seeds, Coriandrol Thymol Carminative
Tulsi Ocimum basilicum Labiatae leaves & flowering Volatile oil Diuretic Cardiotonic
tops
16 Camphor Kafoor Cinnamomum Lauraceae Chipped wood Volatile oil Camphor Anti infective
camphora Antiseptic
17 Cinnamon Daar Cinnamomum Lauraceae Dried bark Volatile oil Cinnamaldehyde Carminative
Cheni loureirii Eugenol Antiseptic
18 Cassia Amaltas Cassia fistula Leguminosae Dried ripe food Glycoside Sennosides Cathartic
Antigout
19 Catechu Katha Acacia catechu Leguminosae Dried extract from Tannin Catechin Astringent
wood Quercitrin In dyeing
20 Senna Sanamaki Cassia angustifolia Leguminosae Dried leaves Glycoside Sennosides Cathartic
Laxative
21 Tamarind Immli Tamarindus indica Leguminosae Dried ripe fruit Organic acid Tartaric acid laxative
Citric acid Antipyretic
22 Glycyrrhiza Malathi Glycyrrhiza glubra Leguminosae Dried root & Glycoside Glycyrrhizic acid Expectorant
(Liquorice) rhizome Liquiritin Demulcent
23 Gum Acacia Gond Acacia senegal Leguminosae Dried gum Polysaccharide Arabin Suspending agent
keekar Arabic acid Emollient
24 Gum Gond Astragalus gummifer Leguminosae Dried gum Polysaccharide Tragacanthin Suspending agent
tragacanth kateera Emollient
25 Spearmint Mentha cardica Libiatae Dried leaf & Volatile oil Limonene Carminative
flowering top Carvone Flavoring agent
26 Peppermint Podinah Mentha piperita Libiatae Dried leaves & Volatile oil Menthol Carminative
flowering tops Menthone Teeth analgesic
27 Aloe Kanwar Aloe barbadensis Liliaceae Dried latex of Glycoside Barbaloin Cathartic
gandal leaves Aloe-emodin Purgative
28 Colchicum Saranjan Colchicum Liliaceae Dried ripe seeds Alkaloid Colchicine Anti gout
autumnale or corm Anti inflammatory
29 Sarsaparilla Ushbah Smilax species Liliaceae Dried root & Glycoside Sarsaponin Antirheumatic
rhizome Sarsapogenin Blood purifier
30 Squill Jangli Urginea maritima Liliaceae Dried bulb Glycoside Scillarin A Emetic
Piyaz Diuretic
31 Garlic Lahsan Allium sativum Liliaceae Dried bulb Volatile oil Allicin Antiseptic
Alliin For hypertension
32 Nux vomica Kuchla Strychnos nuxvomica Loganiaceae Dried ripe seeds Alkaloid Strychinine CNS Stimulant
Brucine Vermicide
33 Nutmeg Jaifal Myristica fragrans Myristicaceae Dried kernels of Volatile oil Myristicine Carminative
seeds Camphene For diarrhoea
34 Eugenol Carminative
Clove Long Eugenia caryophyllus Myrtaceae Dried flower buds Volatile oil Beta-Caryophylline Antiseptic
Dental analgesic
35 Sanguinaria Sanguinaria Papaveraceae Dried rhizomes Alkaloid Sanguinarine
canadensis
36 Opium Afiyoon Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae Air-dried milky Alkaloid Morphine Codeine Analgesic Antipyretic
exudate by incising Papaverine Antidiarrhoeal
unripe Hpnotic
capsule
37 Rosin Berozah Pinus palustris Pinaceae Resinous extract Resin Anhydrides of Stiffening agent
abietic acid Diuretic
38 Rhubarb Rewund Dried rhizome Aloe-emodin Anti-diarrhoeal
Rheum palmatum Polygonaceae Glycoside
Cheeni Emodin Rhein
39 Aconite Meetha Aconitum napellus Ranunculaceae Dried root Alkaloid Aconitine Analgesic
zeher Antipyretic
40 Hydrastis Zard jurr Hydrastis canadensis Ranunculaceae Dried root & Alkaloid Hydrastine Astringent
rhizome Canadine
41 Larkspur Jadwaar Delphiniun ajacis Ranunculaceae Dried root & Alkaloid Delphinine For neuralgia
seeds Ajacine For teeth
42 Podophyllum Bhoon Podophyllum Ranunculaceae Dried root & Glycoresin Podophyllotoxin Antitumor
Bakra peltatum rhizome Cathartic
43 Pulsatilla Ratan Anemone pulsatilla Ranunculaceae Whole herb Volatile oil Anemonal Emetic
Jogg Purgative
44 Digitalis Kuf al Digitalis purpurea Scrophulariaceae Dried leaves Glycoside Digitoxin For CCF
saalab Gitoxin For tachycardia
45 Belladonna Angoor Atropa belladonna Solanaceae Dried leaves & Alkaloid Hyoscyamine Anticholinergic
shafa flowering tops Scopolamine Antispasdomic
46 Capsicum Surkh Capsicum annum Solanaceae Dried ripe food Resin Capsaicin Carminative
Mirch Vitamin C Irritant
47 Stramonium Dhatoora Datura stramonium Solanaceae Dried leaves & Alkaloid Hyoscyamine Anticholinergic
flowering tops Scopolamine Antispasdomic
48 Hyoscyamus Ajwain Hyoscyamus niger Solanaceae Dreid leaves & Alkaloid Hyoscyamine Anticholinergic
flowering tops (Atropine) Antispasdomic
Scopolamine
(Hyoscine)
49 Benzoin Lobaan Styrax benzoin Styraceae Balsam from Resin Benzoresinol Expectorant
incised stem Benzoic acid Antiseptic
50 Anise saunf Pimpinella anisum Umbelliferae Dried ripe fruit Volatile oil Anethol Carminative
roofi Safrol Flavoring agent
51 Incised root & Asaresene Carminative
Asafoetida Haing Fernula foetida Umbelliferae rhizome Resin Asaresinol Laxative
Antispasmodic
52 Caraway Zeera Carum carvi Umbelliferae Dried ripe food Volatile oil Carvone Carminative
Limonene Flavoring agent
53 Conium Mori Conium maculatum Umbelliferae Dried unripe fruit Alkaloid Coniine Analgesic
54 Coriander Dhaniya Coriandrum sativum Umbelliferae Dried ripe fruit Volatile oil Coriandrol Carminative
Limonene Flavoring agent
55 Fennel Saunf Foeniculum vulgare Umbelliferae Dried ripe fruit Volatile oil Anethole Carminative
fenchone Flavoring agent
56 Valerian Balchharr Valeriana officinalis Valerianaceae Dried rhizome Volatile oil Bronyl Carminative
isovaleranate
57 Cardamom Choti Elettaria Zingiberaceae Dried ripe food Volatile oil Cineole Carminative
Elaichi cardamomum Limonene Flavoring agent
58 Curcuma Haldi Curcuma longa Zingiberaceae Dried rhizome Volatile oil Curcumin For gall-stone
For Jaundice
59 Ginger Adrak Zingiber officinale Zingiberaceae Dried rhizome Volatile oil Zingiberene Carminative
(Zingiber) Resin Zingerone Flavoring agent

Mukarram Anees Awan

M.Phil. Pharmacy; Pharm-D (UVAS)
Pharmacist (BS-17), P&SHD