Radar, Linear and Bistatic Microwave

integrated with PSIM and VMS

and EN50131 security norms
Doing perimeter protection since 1974
Doing perimeter protection since 1974
VERTICALS IN WHICH WE OPERATE
 CIAS WORLDWIDE
CIAS WORLD
CIAS Poland

CIAS HQ
Italy

CIAS Security Inc.

CIAS Distributors
Pag. 7
OFFICES
 EN 5013…
• EN 50130 – General Requirements for Alarm systems
• EN 50131 – Alarm systems /Intrusion and hold
up systems
• EN 50132 – CCTV surveillance systems
• EN 50133 – Access control systems
• EN 50134 – Social alarm systems
• EN 50136 – Alarm transmission systems
 EN 50131
• Part 1 System Requirements
• Part 2-2 Passive infrared detectors
• Part 2-3 Microwave detectors
• Part 2-4 Combined passive IR and microwave detectors
• Part 2-5 Combined passive and sound IR detectors
• Part 2-6 Contacts (magnetic)
• Part 2-7-1 Acoustic break glass detectors
• Part 2-7-2 Passive glass break detectors
• Part 2-7-3 Active glass break detectors
• Part 2- 8 Shock detectors
• Part 3 Control and indication equipment (Alarm control panels)
• Part 4 Signaling devices
• Part 5-3 Requirements for connecting equipment with radio frequency technology
• Part 6 Power supplies
• Part 7 (TS) Application Guides
• Part 8 Smoke generators for security applications
 EN 50131-1 Security Grading
http://www.eqa.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Guidelines-for-EN-50131-Certification.pdf

Grade 1: LOW RISK

An intruder or robber is expected to have little knowledge of Intruder Alarm Systems and be restricted
to a limited range of easily available tools.

Grade 2: LOW to MEDIUM RISK

An intruder or robber is expected to have a limited knowledge of Intruder Alarm Systems and have the
use of a general range of tools and portable instruments (e.g. a multi-meter).

Grade 3: MEDIUM TO HIGH RISK

An intruder or robber is expected to be conversant with Intruder Alarm Systems and have a
comprehensive range of tools and portable electronic equipment.

Grade 4: HIGH RISK

To be used when security takes precedence over all other factors. An intruder or robber is expected to
have the ability or resource to plan an intrusion or robbery in detail and have a full range of equipment
including means of substitution of components in an Intruder Alarm System..
 EN 50131-1 Environmental Classification
http://www.eqa.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Guidelines-for-EN-50131-Certification.pdf
Environmental Classification: In addition to the security grade, each component is given an
environmental classification. There is no overall environmental classification, each component must
meet the classification for the location it is installed. Environmental classes are defined as follows

Class I –Indoor Environmental influences normally experienced indoors when the temperature is
well maintained (e.g. in a residential or commercial property).

Class II –Indoor –General Environmental influences normally experienced indoors when the
temperature is not well maintained (e.g. in corridors, halls or staircases and where condensation can
occur on windows and in unheated storage areas or warehouses where heating is intermittent).

Class III –Outdoor –Sheltered or indoor extreme conditions Environmental influences normally
experienced out of doors when IAS components are not fully exposed to the weather or indoors
where environmental conditions are extreme.

Class IV –Outdoor –General Environmental influences normally experienced out of doors when
I&HAS components are fully exposed to the weather. For most intruder alarm systems, all indoor
components will be Class II with the External bell box Class IV. Class III components would be
required if the Intruder Alarm includes barns or sheds which would be exposed to the weather (Class
I components are generally not supplied on the market)
 Declaration of conformity CE

The EC declaration of conformity is a

certificate with which the manufacturer,
distributor or importer certifies the
conformity of a product with the essential
requirements by drafting this declaration.
This is an EC certification act (issued by
notified bodies), as proof of passing the
tests (tests, inspections, etc.) required by
the scheme or directive to achieve the CE
marking.
Cias has its own internal laboratories and
equipment that can independently verify
that all radio devices are compliant and at
the same time are not affected by external
interference
 Test Report

Anechoic chamber and GTEM in CIAS Milano laboratories Transverse electromagnetic cell is
a type of electromagnetic compatibility test chamber used for radiated EMC tests.
 Evaluation and criteria in the design
of the perimeter protections

• Location of the site (isolated site or industrial area etc ...)

• Atmospheric events (fog, snow, wind, etc ...)
• Vegetation assessment present on the site now and in the future
• Morphology of the site (different terrain differences etc ...)
• Type of passive measures (walls, fences, gates, etc ...)
• On-site or remote security forces garrisons
• Geometrically simple or irregularly shaped structures
• Possibility of intrusion from above or below
• Possibility of integration with CCTV systems
• Evaluation of redundant detection and communication systems
 SECURITY: active and passive components
Physical security is the set of measures that prevent or dissuade attackers from
accessing a venue, resource or information and guidelines on how to design structures
that can withstand hostile acts. The purpose of Physical Security is to protect people
and assets involved in the functioning of the business process.
There is no complete security if active and
passive systems are not combined together

Passive systems (perimeter fence, walls, bollards, etc.)

Active systems (MW, IR, CCTV, Radar etc.)

BUILDING
 The target achievement time
Tat ≥ Tdt+Tst+Tit
Tat: Target achievement time
Tdt: detection time due to electronic defense
Tst: slowdown time due to physical defense
Tit: intervention time to implement the countermeasures

Inner Fence – Sector 2 Outer Fence – Sector 1

No man’s land
Perimeter Protection Sectors
Sector 0: Outer Perimeter
Sector 1: Physical Obstacles (Walls / fences, etc)
Sector 2: Outer perimeter of the protected area
Sector 3: Internal perimeter

Sector 3

Sector 2
Sector 0
Sector 1
 Alarm time communication
A fundamental parameter is the time required for the communication of the alarm to the control room.

For this time, the following must be considered:

Detection time + Processing time + Communication time + CCTV preset time + Display time + Action time

The whole process must not exceed 3 seconds in total

 Performances Assessment of the sensors

PoD = Probability of Detection

It represents the probability of detecting an intruder inside the detection area
covered by the sensor. It is expressed as the % of intrusion attempts
detected compared to the total of those made.
 Performances Assessment of the sensors

FAR = False Alarm Rate

Represents the number of invalid alarms caused by unknown factors
Typically, it is expressed in day (s), month (s), year (s) and is associated with
the intrinsic noise of the sensor itself
 Performances Assessment of the sensors

NAR = Nuisance Alarm Rate

Represents the number of invalid alarms caused by factors that cannot be
considered threats Typically it is expressed in day (s), month (s), year (s)
Normally these alarms are caused by external sources (climatic conditions,
animals, vegetation, etc.)
 Performances Assessment of the sensors

VD = Vulnerability to Defeat
Represents the probability that the sensor can be sabotaged (bypass,
mismatch, masking etc.) Specification of each technology used.
 Performances Assessment of the sensors

MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures)

is the predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a mechanical or
electronic system, during normal system operation

MTTR (Mean Time To Repair)

is a basic measure of the maintainability of repairable items. It represents the
average time required to repair a failed component or device
Do you normally consider plant maintenance fees
in your quotes?
 TCO, ROI and moral responsibility
of the Security System’s design
Whatever solution or technology is chosen for the construction of the security system, it has
advantages and disadvantages, both technical and economic. For this reason, two economic
factors must also be weighed in the evaluation :

TCO Total Cost of Ownership which defines the total cost (purchase, installation,
management, maintenance / update and its disposal)

ROI Return on Investment which defines the return on investment (given by the ratio
between operating result and invested capital).
Often the management and maintenance (which affect the operating result) are neglected in
the design phase and so in a short time the plant is taken out of service and the ROI
inevitably falls..

The medium cost for maintenance is between 1% to 5% per year in base of the total cost of
the system
 Technologies: MW Radar and Fresnel PIR
In the market there are 2 technologies the detection of movement that work in a
single or combined way. PIR technology with the application of a series of Fresnel
lenses that divide the entire visual field into sectors oriented in different directions and
planes. These detectors allow for optimal detection when crossing sector differentials
from left to right or vice versa. Radar Doppler technology, on the other hand, offers
optimal detection when approaching from the front or walking away. These
characteristics therefore oblige us to consider very different installations.
IR+ Fresnel MW doppler
 Did you know that…
A volumetric IR + MW there is fog, heavy rain and
40° in summer could not detect the intruder?
And the anti-masking does not detect transparent
plastics that hide the IR?

Generally the grade IR + MW is EN50131-1 grade 2

Rarely Grade 3, NEVER grade 4

With Cias products pure MW microwave so it is

guaranteed in any environmental condition, in the
presence of fog independence from temperature!
MW EN50131-1 grade 4
 It’s a matter of physics!
The influence of atmospheric events
on infrared IR frequencies
The MICROWAVE frequencies range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz.
Our products works with 10GHz (3cm wavelength) and with 24GHz (1,25cm
wavelength).

The infrared INFRARED frequencies range from 300 GHz to 400 THz, with a
wavelength ranging from 1 mm to 750 nm. Much smaller and definitely with a
more attenuable signal

PIR passivo IR attivo TX+RX Thermal Sensor IR Lidar o Laser IR

It follows that the microwave is much less influenced

by atmospheric events
 The microwave has always been immune to
temperature, sun, fog, rain, snow, sandstorms
and there is no disqualification!

Temperature -35o+70o Fog Havy rain and snow Sandstorms

 Microwave and health
The ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) is, as far as
protection from NIR (Non-Ionizing Radiation) is concerned, the non-governmental
organization formally recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), by the
International Labour Organization (ILO) and the European Union (EU). Especially its
recognition by the WHO gives credibility to the indications of this body worldwide, which
indicates as a limit, which already takes into account adequate safety factors, the continued
exposure of the population to a power density of maximum 1 mW/cm2
 Radar microwave
TX and RX in the same device
 Radar technology (RAdio Detection And Ranging)
Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves belonging to the spectrum of radio
waves in the microwave range for the detection and determination of the
position and speed of objects

• Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler radar used by the Police for speed
• Pulse radar not used in free frequencies
• Narrowband radar (FSK) used for missile guidance and in our 10Ghz Murena
• Broadband radar (FMCW) used for altimeter radar ≥24Ghz
• MIMO radar used in autonomous driving at 77Ghz res <4cm
• 100% microwave doppler radar with planar antenna and
narrow band modulated frequency (FSK)
• LR-FTD Long Range Fuzzy Target Discrimination and SR-
FTD Short Range Fuzzy Target Discrimination analysis
• Volumetric 90 ° range 12m
• Volumetric 45 ° range 24m
• Curtain 90 ° range 12m
• Target size setting to be detected
• Detection and non-detection distance setting
• Masking alarm setting
• 256 events memory and 100 monitors
• Remote manageable via RS485 and via IP with accessory
• 3 different relays: alarm, tamper and fault
• Degree of protection IP65
• Complies with EN50131-1 grade 4
The differentiated detection zones with precision of 1cm
1 The selection of the detection zone
with an accuracy of 1m

12m

7m
Alarm zone
Dynamic setting
zone 1m step

2m

0m
2 The selection of the size of the target to be detected
Radar Murena installation 180°
180° 360°
Commercial Site
Residential site
Solar farm Military museum
Curtain application
90° max 12m x 12m
Special ATEX sensor and portable mw barrier

MMD SYSTEM for temporary protection

Micro-Ray the first linear microwave
• 1 or 2 or 3m microwave ray tower
• 100m range with 24Ghz technology
• 1 to 4 beams per tower
• Totally immune to climatic conditions (fog and sun)
• Low absorption (60mA at TX or RX range) without need of heaters
• No dead zone (first beam at 40cm)
• Totally paintable
• No cleaning of the cover
• Minimum corridor of 1m
• Can be calibrated using selectors for scenarios and crossing times
• No software or PC required
• 100% Digital Fuzzy Logic
• Single beam dry contact outputs, RS485 and IP and PoE
• Complies with EN50131-1 grade 4 and CE and FCC
Immune to weather conditions
Detects running sliding and climbing over

climbing

running

sliding
Minimum corridor width required:
1m
 Applications:
Back to back Corner 90° Parallel to the fence
Anticlimbing application
1 RS485 wiring

RS485 relay card for

centralized alarms

Bus RS485 1,2Km Bus RS485 1,2Km

power 13,8Vcc 2x1,5mm power 13,8Vcc 2x1,5mm

 Type od RS485 cable
BELDEN 9842 or similar

With this type of cable, which includes 1 twisted pair 2x0.22mm + 2x0.50mm, it is
possible to connect CIAS peripherals up to 1200m for a maximum of 32 addresses in a
multi-drop (sequential) configuration, while it is not possible to configure a " star »as
the characteristic impedance of the BUS cable is altered, resulting in the creation of a
strong reflected signal.
 RS485 serial cable max length
It depends on the speed of the communication which in the case of Cias is 9600 Baud
Rate and on the overall capacity of the cable, which is expressed in pF / m. Assuming a
cable with a capacity of 50 pF / m with a communication at 9600 Baud Rate, it is
possible to carry out a maximum of 1000 m of line (50.000 / 50)
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA_RS-485
 RS485 multi-drop infrastructure
The connection of the devices in the RS 485 serial line must be made exclusively in
multi-drop mode (sequential) between them and not in a star. If it is necessary to exceed
the distance of 1200 meters, one or more BUSREPs (serial repeaters) can be used
RS485 infrastructure multi-drop with serial distribution
The multi-drop (sequential) configuration is possible with the BUSREP board which
allows you to have 1 input and 3 outputs. The card must be powered at 12.8Vdc
2 How to wire the output dry contact
through the control panel expansion

Control Panel

Bus RS485 1,2Km Bus RS485 1,2Km

Power 13,8Vcc 2x1,5mm Power 13,8Vcc 2x1,5mm

 Balanced infrastructure
single / double / triple and relative rules

The importance of identifying the type of alarm and managing the attempt to tamper with the system are the main
reasons why the regulations have imposed the use of balanced circuits with a series of resistors positioned in series
or parallel. Cias, coming from the banking world where security needs were high, has always produced sensors with 3
alarm modes: TAMPER and FAULT ALARM and at the same time the RS485 digital output. Grade 4 security requires
equipment that indicates all 3 states
 3 How to wire through IP
Remote power supply or PoE and alarm management via IB-SYSTEM-IP

IB-SYSTEM-IP

IP NETWORK

IP NETWORK IP NETWORK

Power 13,8Vcc 2x1,5mm Power 13,8Vcc 2x1,5mm

 CIAS-TUNER
Web server Micro-Ray setting
 CIAS-TUNER
Web server Micro-Ray setting
 CIAS-TUNER
Web server Micro-Ray setting
 CIAS-TUNER
Web server Micro-Ray setting
Bistatic microwave
TX and RX separate
 The difference between a parabolic and a
planar antenna
• Better signal-to-noise ratio in parable
• Greater ranges in parabolic microwaves, up to 500m, planar up to 80m
• Management of the shape of the lobe in planar (elliptical distribution of the
microwave)
• Usable frequencies according to 10Ghz (X) and 24Ghz (K) regulations
 The difference between
Digital Fuzzy Logic Processing and Analog
• Analog technology has fixed thresholds (sensitivity and integration)
• Fuzzy Logic digital processing has thresholds with time / dimension correlation
• The integration and any peaks are managed and do not generate alarms
• Fuzzy Logic digital management is present on the entire range of digital products
 Fuzzy Logic analysis applied to handle
improper alarms
With the Fuzzy Logic applied to our products it is possible to evaluate both small
signals (crawling, rolling and small animals) and large signals (fast running or
moving shrubs) and attribute to each a different weight with 256 level thresholds
and each one that activates automatically a corresponding time threshold
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logica_fuzzy
Installation height
 The installation height
and the Fresnel area
“An electromagnetic wave propagates in a medium along the line between transmitter
and receiver. Along the way it encounters obstacles that generate a series of
reflections and attenuations that cause delays and phase shifts that affect (in a
constructive or destructive way) the final signal that reaches the receiver”
The “wave-guide” and parallelism
with wire mesh or walls
Dead zones, overlapping and crossing
Dead zone coverage
The beam with 10Ghz microwaves
Corridor or lobe diameter = section length / 20

50m serves 2.5m of corridor

100m serves 5m of corridor
200m serves 10m of corridor
Smartphone APP
CIAS devices POSITIONING
CIAS devices POSITIONING
CIAS devices POSITIONING
CIAS devices POSITIONING
CIAS devices POSITIONING
CIAS devices POSITIONING
CIAS devices anti-climbing application
CIAS devices anti-climbing application
Cias devices solar protect application
 The essential points for the design
of microwave systems
• Verification of the minimum space for the microwave lobe
(distance: 20 for 10Ghz)
• If possible, do not exceed stretches of 100 / 120m in length
• Bumps and hollows max 10cm and minimum vegetation in the section
• No to the parallelism of the section with walls or fences
• Crossings at least 5m or 10m if positioned in pursuit for 10Ghz. If not,
introduce a microwave radar to cover the dead zone
• Always crosses even TX-TX or RX-RX
• Wall protection never exceed 50m
• Always check the length of the cables and the voltage drop (max 4%)
PSIM and VMS Integration

&

Cyber security
 Cyber security in extreme security sites
• AES128 encrypted communication https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard
• MAC signed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address
• IEEE 802.1X security https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X
• PoE Standard 802.3af
• Integrated web server
 IP Infrastructure
Outdoor Switch PoE
• Temperature range-30°/+70°
• Redundancy managment (fiber or copper)
• Port monitoring with auto switch off single port
• Managed Layer 3 VLAN and ROUTING
• 1Gb or 10Gb or 100Gb depend on the CCTV
 IB SYSTEM IP the carrier cyber security software
Capacity: interrogation of up to 640 field IPs
Security: Proprietary and MAC signed AES128 encrypted protocol
Speed: only 500ms for polling the entire field
Reliability: redundancy management and backup
Low bandwidth 20Kbit per device

Server e IB-SYSTEM IP PSIM o VMS

Field sensors Network
backup
CIAS devices IP integrated with:
Thank you !

www.cias.it