JEE ADVANCED: STRAIGHT LINES

JEE ADVANCED: Straight Lines and Circles

 JEE ADVANCED: Matrices & Determinants
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JEE ADVANCED SYLLABUS
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STRAIGHT LINES
● Area of a triangle
● Four Important Centers
● Normal or Perpendicular Form
● Parametric Equation of a Line
● Position of a Point w.r.t a Line
● Line Inclined to Another Line
● Condition of Concurrency
● Family of Lines
● Reflection of a Point w.r.t a Line
● Distance Formula & Perpendicular
Distances
● Angle Bisector
● Harmonic Conjugate
● Pair of Straight Line
● Homogenisation
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Area of triangle

Using determinants A (x1, y1)

B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3)

x 1 y1 1
1
Area of Δ = x y 1
2 2 2
x 3 y3 1
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Condition of Collinearity using Area Formula

Suppose the points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are collinear,
then the conditions for collinearity of three points are:
● Area of triangle ABC = 0
●
=0
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IIT JEE 2008

Q. Consider three points

and

Then

A P lies on the line segment RQ

B Q lies on the line segment PR

C R lies on the line segment QP

D P, Q, R are non-collinear
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Alternate
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IIT JEE 2008

Q. Consider three points

and

. Then

A P lies on the line segment RQ

B Q lies on the line segment PR

C R lies on the line segment QP

D P, Q, R are non-collinear
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Q. In a triangle ABC, A ☰ ( 𝛂, β ), B ☰ (1, 2), C ☰ (2, 3) and point A

lies on the line y = 2x + 3, where 𝛂, β ∈ I. If the area of triangle ABC
be such that [Δ] = 2, where [.] denotes the greatest integer function,
then the number of all possible coordinates of A must be ?
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…..(1)
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FOUR IMPORTANT CENTERS
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Special batein
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Centroid of a triangle

NOTE:
● Centroid divides triangle into 6 triangles of equal area.
● Centroid is also known as geometrical center.
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Incentre
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Circumcentre
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Orthocentre (O)

In Right angled triangle, orthocenter is at the vertex with and circumcenter is mid
point of hypotenuse.
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Orthocentre (O)

A (x1, y1)

x1 tan A + x2 tan B + x3 tan C

x= , F E
tan A + tan B + tan C O (x, y)
y1 tan A + y2 tan B + y3 tan C
y= B (x2, y2) D C (x3, y3)
tan A + tan B + tan C
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Trick to Remember coordinates of all Four centres:

For Centroid (G) 𝛼=1 𝛽=1 𝛾=1

For Incentre (I) 𝛼=a 𝛽=b 𝛾=c

For Orthocentre (O) 𝛼 = tan A 𝛽 = tan B 𝛾 = tan C

For Circumcentre (C) 𝛼 = sin 2A 𝛽 = sin 2B 𝛾 = sin 2C

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Q. Three vertices of a triangle are A(4, 3); B(1,-1)

and C(7, k). Value(s) of k for which centroid,
orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of the
∆ABC lie on the same straight line is/are

A 7

B -1

D 8
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Q. Three vertices of a triangle are A(4, 3); B(1,-1)

and C(7, k). Value(s) of k for which centroid,
orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of the
∆ABC lie on the same straight line is/are

A 7

B -1

D 8
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Normal or Perpendicular Form

P cosecα N
90 –α
p
α A
O
P
secα
x cos α + y sin α = p

P = Length of the perpendicular

drawn from origin to a line.

α = Inclination of the normal.

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Parametric Equation of a Line

x = x1 + rcosθ

y = y1 + rsinθ

(x – x1)/cosθ = (y – y1)/sinθ = r
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Q. Angles made with x-axis by a straight line drawn

through (1, 2) so that it intersects x+y=4 at a

distance from (1, 2) are

A 105°

B 75°

C 60°

D 15°
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Solution:
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Q. Angles made with x-axis by a straight line drawn

through (1, 2) so that it intersects x+y=4 at a

distance from (1, 2) are

A 105°

B 75°

C 60°

D 15°
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Position of a Point w.r.t a Line

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Q. If (α, α2) lies inside the triangle formed by the

lines 2x + 3y - 1=0, x + 2y - 3 = 0, 5x - 6y - 1=0,
then

A 2α+3α2-1>0

B α+2α2-3<0

C α+2α2-3<0

D 6α2-5α+1>0
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Q. If (α, α2) lies inside the triangle formed by the

lines 2x + 3y - 1=0, x + 2y - 3 = 0, 5x - 6y - 1=0,
then

A 2α+3α2-1>0

B α+2α2-3<0

C α+2α2-3<0

D 6α2-5α+1>0
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JEE Advanced 2011 Paper 2
Q. The straight line 2x-3y=1 divides the circular
region x2+y2 ≤6 into two parts. If
then
the number of points (s) in S lying inside the
smaller part is _________.
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Solution:
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Line Inclined to Another Line

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JEE Advanced 2011 Paper 1
Q. A straight line L through the point (3, -2) is
inclined at an angle 60° to the line √3x+y=1. If L
also intersects the x - axis, then the equation of L is

A y+√3x+2-3√3=0

B y-√3x+2+3√3=0

C √3y-x+3+2√3=0

D √3y+x-3+2√3=0
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Solution:
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JEE Advanced 2011 Paper 1
Q. A straight line L through the point (3, -2) is
inclined at an angle 60° to the line √3x+y=1. If L
also intersects the x - axis, then the equation of L is

A y+√3x+2-3√3=0

B y-√3x+2+3√3=0

C √3y-x+3+2√3=0

D √3y+x-3+2√3=0
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Condition of Concurrency

The equation of three given lines are,

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
a3x + b3y + c3 = 0
The condition of concurrency of the lines
is given by
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2 = 0
a3 b3 c3

Always check if the lines are PARALLEL or NOT

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Q. If the lines x + 2ay + a = 0, x + 3by + b = 0 and

x + 4cy + c = 0 are concurrent, then a, b, c

A A.P

B G.P

C H.P

D A.G.P
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Q. If the lines x + 2ay + a = 0, x + 3by + b = 0 and

x + 4cy + c = 0 are concurrent, then a, b, c

A A.P

B G.P

C H.P

D A.G.P
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Q. The lines x + y - 1 = 0, (m - 1)x + (m2 - 7)y - 5 =

0 and (m - 2)x + (2m - 5)y = 0 are

A concurrent for three values of m

B concurrent for one value of m

C concurrent for no value of m

D are parallel for m = 3

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Q. The lines x + y - 1 = 0, (m - 1)x + (m2 - 7)y - 5 =

0 and (m - 2)x + (2m - 5)y = 0 are
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Q. The lines x + y - 1 = 0, (m - 1)x + (m2 - 7)y - 5 =

0 and (m - 2)x + (2m - 5)y = 0 are

A concurrent for three values of m

B concurrent for one value of m

C concurrent for no value of m

D are parallel for m = 3

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Family of Lines

The equation of any line passing through the point of intersection of lines
l1: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and l2: a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 is given by
l3: a1x + b1y + c1+ k(a2x + b2y + c2 ) = 0

How to find the FIXED POINT

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Family of Lines: Lines Farthest from a Point

a1x + b1y + c1+ k(a2x + b2y + c2 ) = 0

P(x1, y1)

The line farthest from a point P(x1, y1) is at

perpendicular distance from the given point.
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Q. Consider a family of straight lines
(x + y) +λ(2x - y + 1) = 0. Find the equation
of the straight line belonging to this family that
is farthest from (1, -3).
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Solution:
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Q. Let P be any point on the line x - y + 3 = 0 and A be a fixed
point (3, 4). If the family of lines given by the equations
(3secθ + 5cosecθ)x + (7secθ - 3cosecθ)y +11sec θ-cosec θ)=0
are concurrent at a point B for all permissible value of θ, then:

sum of the abscissa and ordinate

A of point B is equal to -1 .

product of the abscissa and

B
ordinate of point B is equal to -2 .

C maximum value of |PA-PB| is 2√10

D minimum value of PA+PB is 2√34

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Q. Let P be any point on the line x - y + 3 = 0 and A be a fixed
point (3, 4). If the family of lines given by the equations
(3secθ + 5cosecθ)x + (7secθ - 3cosecθ)y +11sec θ-cosec θ)=0
are concurrent at a point B for all permissible value of θ, then:
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Solution:

AB+PB≥PA⇒
Sum of 2 sides
> 3rd side

P(x, y)

B(1, -2)
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Q. Let P be any point on the line x - y + 3 = 0 and A be a fixed
point (3, 4). If the family of lines given by the equations
(3secθ + 5cosecθ)x + (7secθ - 3cosecθ)y +11sec θ-cosec θ)=0
are concurrent at a point B for all permissible value of θ, then:

sum of the abscissa and ordinate

A of point B is equal to -1 .

product of the abscissa and

B
ordinate of point B is equal to -2 .

C maximum value of |PA-PB| is 2√10

D minimum value of PA+PB is 2√34

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Reflection of a Point w.r.t a Line

● the reflection of the point (x, y) across X-axis is (x, -y).

● the reflection of the point (x, y) across Y-axis is (-x, y).
● The reflection of the point (x, y) across the line y = x is (y, x).
● The reflection of the point (x, y) across the line y = – x is (-y, -x).
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Q. If graph of xy = 1 is reflected in y = 2x to
give the graph 12x2 + rxy + sy2 + t = 0 then:

A r=1, s=12, t=25

B r=-1, s=12, t=1

C r=-7, s=-12, t=25

D r+s=-19
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Q. If graph of xy = 1 is reflected in y = 2x to
give the graph 12x2 + rxy + sy2 + t = 0 then:

A r=1, s=12, t=25

B r=-1, s=12, t=1

C r=-7, s=-12, t=25

D r+s=-19
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Solution: Let any point on graph of xy = 1 be (t, 1/t)
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Q. If graph of xy = 1 is reflected in y = 2x to
give the graph 12x2 + rxy + sy2 + t = 0 then:

A r=1, s=12, t=25

B r=-1, s=12, t=1

C r=-7, s=-12, t=25

D r+s=-19
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LOCUS PROBLEM
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Q. Locus of the image of the point (2, 3) in the

line (x - 2y + 3) + λ(2x - 3y + 4) = 0 is (λ ∈ R)

A x2+ y2 - 3x - 4y - 4 = 0

B 2x2+3y2 + 2x + 4y - 7 = 0

C x2+ y2 - 2x - 4y + 4 = 0

D None of these
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Q. Locus of the image of the point (2, 3) in the

line (x - 2y + 3) + λ(2x - 3y + 4) = 0 is (λ ∈ R)

A x2+ y2 - 3x - 4y - 4 = 0

B 2x2+3y2 + 2x + 4y - 7 = 0

C x2+ y2 - 2x - 4y + 4 = 0

D None of these
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Distance Formula & Perpendicular Distances

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Distance of a point from a line Distance between two parallel lines
ax + by + c1 = 0
P(x1, y1)

r d

ax + by + c = 0 ax + by + c2 = 0

c1 – c2
ax1 + by1 + c d =
r = √a2 + b2
√a2 + b2
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JEE Advanced 2013 : Paper 1

D
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Solution:
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Solution:
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JEE Advanced 2013 : Paper 1

D
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JEE Advanced 2014 : Paper 1 (Offline)
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JEE Advanced 2014 : Paper 1 (Offline)
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Solution:

The required region is the shaded region in the figure.

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Angle Bisector

Equations of Angle Bisectors of the Straight Lines

The equation of the bisectors of the angles between the lines

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 is given by

Ensure constant term is

always +ve

+ : containing origin
- : NOT containing origin
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TRICK TABLE: How to Identify the Acute or Obtuse Angle Bisector
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Q. For the straight lines 4x + 3y - 6=0 and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0

find the equation of the bisector of the angle which contains
the origin.
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Q. Equation of angle bisector of the lines

3x - 4y + 1 = 0 and 12x + 5y - 3 = 0
containing the point (1, 2) is

A 3x + 11y - 4 = 0

B 99x - 27y - 2 = 0

C 3x + 11y + 4 = 0

D 99x + 27y - 2 = 0
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Q. Equation of angle bisector of the lines

3x - 4y + 1 = 0 and 12x + 5y - 3 = 0
containing the point (1, 2) is

A 3x + 11y - 4 = 0

B 99x - 27y - 2 = 0

C 3x + 11y + 4 = 0

D 99x + 27y - 2 = 0
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Q. Equation of the bisector of the acute angle between

lines 3x - 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x + 5y - 2 = 0 is:

A 21x - 77y + 100 = 0

B 99x - 27y + 81 = 0

C 99x + 27y + 30 = 0

D 21x - 77y - 100 = 0

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Q. Equation of the bisector of the acute angle between

lines 3x - 4y + 7 = 0 and 12x + 5y - 2 = 0 is:

A 21x - 77y + 100 = 0

B 99x - 27y + 81 = 0

C 99x + 27y + 30 = 0

D 21x - 77y - 100 = 0

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HARMONIC CONJUGATE

● If P divides AB internally in m : n and

Q divides AB externally in same ratio then
AP, AB and AQ are in HP.
● P & Q are said to be harmonic conjugate of each other
● If point P divides AB in the ratio m : n internally then
harmonic conjugate divides AB in the ratio (-m: n).

Q
A P B
m:n
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Q. The harmonic conjugate of (4, 1) with respect

to the point (3, 2) and (-1, 6) is

A (-4, -1)

B (1, 4)

D
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Q. The harmonic conjugate of (4, 1) with respect

to the point (3, 2) and (-1, 6) is

A (-4, -1)

B (1, 4)

D
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Q. If Q is the harmonic conjugate of P w,r,t. A, B

and AP = 2, AQ = 6 then AB =

A 5

B 1

C 3

D 2
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Q. If Q is the harmonic conjugate of P w,r,t. A, B

and AP = 2, AQ = 6 then AB =

A 5

B 1

C 3

D 2
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Pair of Straight Line

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Pair of Straight Line Passing Through Origin

● Pair of straight lines passing through origin is given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
● If m1 and m2 are slopes of line ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, then it must satisfies
bm2 + 2hm + a = 0
● m1 + m2 = -2h/b and m1. m2 = a/b

● Angle between Pair of Straight Lines:

● Equation of Angle Bisectors:

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Q. Slope of a bisector of the angle between

the lines 4x2 - 16xy - 7y2 = 0 is/are

D
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Q. Slope of a bisector of the angle between

the lines 4x2 - 16xy - 7y2 = 0 is/are

D
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Homogenisation

…….. (1)

: …….. (2)

From (1),

Now,
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Homogenisation

NOTE:
● These lines are at right angle to each other if a + b =0
⇒ coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0
● Coincident if h2 = ab
● Equally inclined to the axis of x if h = 0 ⇒ coefficient of xy = 0
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Q. If the straight lines joining the origin and the points of

intersection of the curve 5x2 + 12xy - 6y2 + 4x - 2y + 3 =
0 and x + ky - 1 = 0 are equally inclined to the co-
ordinate axis, then find the value of |k|.
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