MARITIME SAFETY AND

SECURITY
CLASS 5

PREPARED: MATHEW ERICK SWILA

: ASSISTANT LECTURER
: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORT
LIFE-SAVING
APPLIANCES
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
In the SOLAS convention and other maritime related
standards, the safety of human life is paramount. Ships and
other watercraft carry life saving appliances including
lifeboats, lifebuoys, life-jackets, life raft and many others.
Passengers and crew are informed of their availability in case
of emergency. Life-saving appliances are mandatory as per
chapter 3 of the SOLAS convention.
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
The international life-saving appliance (LSA) code gives
specific technical requirements for the manufacture,
maintenance and record keeping of life-saving appliances.
The number and type of life-saving appliances differ from
vessel to vessel, and the code gives a minimum requirement to
comply in order to make a ship seaworthy.
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES

Life-saving appliances are those appliances that protect

human life at sea. The devices are documented as part of the
international convention for the safety of life at sea, or
SOLAS convention
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Life-saving appliances include;
oLifebuoys and life-jackets
o Rocket parachute flares
oSelf-igniting lights
oImmersion suits, anti-exposure suits o Hand flares
and thermal protective aids o Buoyant smoke signals
oLifeboats
o Launching and embarkation
oLife-rafts
appliances
oRescue boats
oGeneral emergency alarm system o Marine evacuation systems
oPublic address system o Line-throwing appliances
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Lifebuoys
Every lifebuoys shall;
o Be constructed of inherently buoyant material; it shall not depend upon rushes, cork
shavings or granulated cork, any other loose granulated material or any air
compartment which depends on inflation for buoyancy
o capable of supporting not less than 14.5 kg of iron in fresh water for a period of 24
hours
o be constructed to withstand a drop into the water from the height at which it is stowed
above the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition or 30 m, whichever is the
greater, without impairing either its operating capability or that of its attached
components
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Life-jackets
Shall;
o Shall not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a
period of 2 seconds
o Allows the wearer to jump from a height of at least 4.5 m into the water without injury
and without dislodging or damaging the lifejacket
o lift the mouth of an exhausted or unconscious person not less than 120 mm clear of the
water with the body inclined backwards at an angle of not less than 20° from the vertical
position
o shall allow the person wearing it to swim a short distance and to board a survival craft
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES

Self-igniting Lights

They shall;

o Be such that they cannot be extinguished by water;

o Be of white color and capable of either burning continuously with a luminous

intensity of not less than 2 cd in all directions of the upper hemisphere or
flashing (discharge flashing) at a rate of not less than 50 flashes and not more
than 70 flashes per min with at least the corresponding effective luminous
intensity
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Immersion Suits, Anti-exposure Suits And Thermal Protective Aids
The immersion suit shall;
Be constructed with waterproof materials such that:
o It can be unpacked and donned without assistance within 2 min, taking into account any
associated clothing and a lifejacket if the immersion suit is to be worn in conjunction with a
lifejacket
o It will not sustain burning or continue melting after being totally enveloped in a fire for a period
of 2 seconds
o It will cover the whole body with the exception of the face. Hands shall also be covered unless
permanently attached gloves are provided
o It is provided with arrangements to minimize or reduce free air in the legs of the sui
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Anti-exposure Suits
shall be constructed with waterproof materials such that it:
o Provides inherent buoyancy
o Made of material which reduces the risk of heat stress during rescue and
evacuation operations
o Covers the whole body with the exception of the head and hands and, where the
Administration so permits, feet; gloves and a hood shall be provided in such a
manner as to remain available for use with the anti-exposure suits
o Is equipped with a pocket for a portable VHF telephone
o Has a lateral field of vision of at least 120°
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Thermal Protective Aids
o Cover the whole body of persons of all sizes wearing a lifejacket with the
exception of the face. Hands shall also be covered unless permanently
attached gloves are provided
o Be capable of being unpacked and easily donned without assistance in a
survival craft or rescue boat
o Permit the wearer to remove it in the water in not more than 2 min, if it
impairs ability to swim
o Function properly throughout an air temperature range -30°C to +20°C
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Lifeboats

All lifeboats shall be properly constructed and shall be of such form and
proportions that they have ample stability in a seaway and sufficient freeboard
when loaded with their full complement of persons and equipment. All lifeboats
shall have rigid hulls and shall be capable of maintaining positive stability when in
an upright position in calm water and loaded with their full complement of persons
and equipment and holed in any one location below the waterline, assuming no loss
of buoyancy material and no other damage
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Life Rafts

Every life-raft shall be so constructed as to be capable of

withstanding exposure for 30 days afloat in all sea conditions.
The life-raft shall be so constructed that when it is dropped into
the water from a height of 18 m, the life-raft and its equipment
will operate satisfactorily.
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
If the life-raft is to be stowed at a height of more than 18 m above the
waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, it shall be of a type which
has been satisfactorily drop-tested from at least that height. The
floating life-raft shall be capable of withstanding repeated jumps on to
it from a height of at least 4.5 m above its floor both with and without
the canopy erected
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Rescue Boats
Rescue boats may be either of rigid or inflated construction or a combination of
both and shall:
o Be not less than 3.8 m and not more than 8.5 m in length; and
o Be capable of carrying at least five seated persons and a person lying on a
stretcher.
Rescue boats shall be capable of maneuvering at a speed of at least 6 knots and
maintaining that speed for a period of at least 4 hors
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES

General Emergency Alarm System

The general emergency alarm system shall be capable of sounding the general
emergency alarm signal consisting of seven or more short blasts followed by one
long blast on the ship's whistle or siren and additionally on an electrically operated
bell or klaxon or other equivalent warning system, which shall be powered from
the ship's main supply and the emergency source of electrical power
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
o The system shall be capable of operation from the navigation bridge and, except
for the ship's whistle, also from other strategic points

o The system shall be audible throughout all the accommodation and normal crew
working spaces

o The alarm shall continue to function after it has been triggered until it is
manually turned off or is temporarily interrupted by a Message on the public
address system
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Public Address System

The public address system shall be a loudspeaker installation enabling the

broadcast of messages into all spaces where crew members or passengers, or both,
are normally present, and to muster stations. It shall allow for the broadcast of
messages from the navigation bridge and such other places on board the ship as the
Administration deems necessary
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Rocket Parachute Flares
They shall:
o Be contained in a water-resistant casing
o Have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the
rocket parachute flare printed on its casing
o Have integral means of ignition
o Be so designed as not to cause discomfort to the person holding the
casing when used in accordance with the manufacturer's operating
instructions
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Buoyant Smoke Signals
They shall:
o Be contained in a water-resistant casing
o Not ignite explosively when used in accordance with the manufacturer's operating instructions
o Have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the buoyant smoke signal
printed on its casing
o emit smoke of a highly visible color at a uniform rate for a period of not less than 3 min when
floating in calm water
o not emit any flame during the entire smoke emission time
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Launching and embarkation appliances

Each launching appliance shall be so constructed that only a minimum amount of

routine maintenance is necessary. All parts requiring regular maintenance by the
ship's crew shall be readily accessible and easily maintained. Each launching
appliance shall, as far as practicable, remain effective under conditions of icing. Each
rescue boat launching appliance shall be fitted with a powered winch motor capable
of raising the rescue boat from the water with its full rescue boat complement of
persons and equipment at a rate of not less than 0.3 m/s
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Marine Evacuation Systems

The marine evacuation chute (MEC) system is the most efficient, easy-
to-use, flexible, and cost-effective marine evacuation system available
in the world today. As a gravity launch system, the marine evacuation
system evacuates passengers and crew with the utmost safety in the
shortest possible time
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES

The passage of the marine evacuation system shall provide for safe
descent of persons of various ages, sizes and physical capabilities
wearing approved lifejackets from the embarkation station to the floating
platform or survival craft. Strength and construction of the passage and
platform shall be to the satisfaction of the administration. If the passage
gives direct access to the survival craft, it should be provided with a
quick release arrangement
 LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
Every line-throwing appliance shall:
o Be capable of throwing a line with reasonable accuracy
o Include not less than four projectiles each capable of carrying the line at least 230
m in calm weather
o Include not less than four lines each having a breaking strength of not less than 2
KN
o Have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the line-
throwing appliance
 QUIZ
EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME
ORGANIZATION (IMO) IN CONTROLLING MARITIME
POLLUTION