SMART WATER QUALITY MONITORING

SYSTEM USING IOT TECHNOLOGY

KAVIN R V

UG Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, bannari

Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.

Abstract-The economical and effective system of water are connected from the bottom station through completely
quality observation is the most robust implementation of dissimilar communication principles such as “Bluetooth,
impure water. Drinking water could be precious for all Zigbee, WIFI, RFID and GPRS” [3]. IoT was established
people as water utilities face more challenges. These in parallel to WSN’s during which several things are
challenges arise due to the high population, fewer water associated with networks from one to different. Jing [4]
resources, etc. So, different methods are used to monitor created a remote wireless watching system for water
in the real-time water quality. To make sure that safe supply using “PIC microcontroller” that relies on GPRS.
distribution of water is done, it must be observed in real The complexity of the microcontroller architecture is
time for a new method in the “Internet of Things (IoT)” more, and the cost is high.Therefore, to solve these
based water quality has been projected. Realtime water disadvantages, a low cost, low power and system on chip
quality observation is examined by data acquisition, primarily based wireless device node is needed. Purohit
method, and transmission with an increase in the wireless and Gokhale [5] created a true time watching system
device network method in the IoT. Microcontroller and using GSM, Intel, sensors, ADC and LCD. These devices
the processed values remotely to the core controller ARM are limited because they are supported advanced
with a WI-FI protocol are used to interface the measured dedicated electronic boards [6], [7], [8]. There are
values from the sensors. This projected the water quality different WEB applications like RFID tags, smart
observation interface sensors with quality observation technique, sensor technique and mobile techniques [9].
with IOT setting. WQM selects parameters of water like
temperature, pH level, water level and CO2 by multiple
different device nodes. This methodology sends the
information to the web server. The data updated at II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
intervals within the server may be retrieved or accessed
from anyplace within the world. If the sensors do not
work or get into abnormal conditions, then a buzzer will Wireless sensor networks are also known as “wireless sensor
be ON. and actuator network (WSAN)” that is a network containing"
distributed sensors" to observe the environmental or physical
situations like pressure, sound, temperature, etc. This system
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), water
contains a gateway, which offers connectivity to the used
parameters, Internet of things (IoT), WI-FI.
world and distributed nodes, which can transfer the
information through the network to main position. The
existing networks are bidirectional in nature and enable the
I. sensor activity.Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh published "Real-time
INTRODUCTION water quality monitoring system".This research ensures a
The wireless communication technologies are increased safe supply of drinking water. This system consists of
for aiding person’s individual and regular responsibilities. different water parameters. The microcontroller processes the
There are many applications developed for building data. At last data from the sensors is viewed on the web server
control, automation, data acquisition in recent years. [10]. Ning [11] designed a monitoring system for water
There are many benefits like low cost, easy installation, quality.Now a day’s water is polluted due to many reasons.
and maintenance. The remote device network is In this current system, the equipment cost is high, and it takes
applicable in several functions like farming, traffic a lot of time to process. Traditional methods have the
management, remote health care, forest management, drawbacks such as long waiting time for results high cost, low
security and surveillance [1]. The “wireless sensor measurement precision, and complicated methodology
network” contains connectivity, computing and signal [12].So with the implementation in the technology, we use
processing, and spread device nodes for sensing [2].This different methods and techniques to check the quality of
framework permits the user to display the devices which
water. There is a disadvantage in the existing system that the Features
system has high complexity and low performance.
a) Operating range: 0-14

b) Operating temperature: 0-45°𝑐

III. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS c) Operating voltage: -5 to 5 v

In this proposed system the complexity reduces and the

performance increases by collecting the data of the water d) Output voltage: analog
parameters like temperature, water level, co2, pH. The
information collected is updated on the web server that can B) CO2 Sensor
be retrieved from anywhere in the world.

The co2 sensor is a device which is used to measure the

carbon dioxide in the water. This system uses SKU:SEN0219
to measure the concentration which is an analog infrared co2
sensor. Parts per million (ppm) is the unit which is used for
measuring the concentration of co2. One “ppm (parts per
million)” is equal to 1 milligram of something per liter of
water. The characteristics of this type of co2 sensors are low
power consumption, high sensitivity, waterproof, and anti-
corrosion, temperature compensation and stability.

Features
Figure 1: System block diagram
a) Operating voltage: 4.5 to 5.5v DC

b) Output signal: Analog output(4-20mA)

A) pH Sensor
c) Digital output: -150mA
A pH is an electronic device which is used for measuring the
pH level in the water. It consists of three types of probes (i)
Glass electrode (ii) Reference electrode (iii) combination of d) Measuring range: 0-5000ppm
gel electrode. pH is described as the “negative logarithm” of
hydrogen ion concentration in water.

pH=-log[H+]

A pH meter consists of special probes which are connected to

an electronic meter that would display the reading. If the pH
level is greater than 7 then it is alkaline in nature, if the pH
level is less than 7 then it is acidic in nature, and generally the
range of pH is 0-14pH.

C) Water Level Sensor

“Water level sensor” is designed for detecting the water level

in the reservoir and overhead tanks. This is generally utilized
in sensing the water leakage, water level, and the rainfall. It
consists of mainly three parts: 1MΩ resistor, an electronic
brick connector and numerous lines of bare conducting wires.

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It works by having a series of “exposed traces” that are E) WI-FI
associated to ground. This is also interlaced between
“grounded traces and the sunstrokes”. A weak pull-up resistor
The WI-FI module used in this project is ESP8266. It follows
of 1MΩ is present. 1MΩ resistor pulls up the sensor value till
TCP/IP stack and is a microchip which is less in cost. This
a drop of water shorts the sensor trace to the grounded trace.
microchip allows the microcontroller to connect to a WI-FI
This can measure the water droplet/water size by using a
network, by using Hayes style command connections are
series of “exposed parallel wires”. The characteristics are it
done or made through TCP/IP connection. ESP8266 has 1MB
has high sensitivity and low power consumption.
of built-in flash, single chip devices able to connect WI-FI.
Espressif systems are the manufacturers of this module, and
Features it is a 32-bit microcontroller. There are 16 GPIO pins in this
module. This module follows the RISC processor. It has a 10
bit DAC. Later Espress if systems released a software
a) Operating voltage: -3 to 5 V DC
development kit(SDK) which is used to program on the chip
so that another microcontroller is not used. Some of the
b) Operating temperature: -10°c to 30°c SDK's are Node MCU, Arduino, Micro Python, Zerynth and
Mongoose OS. SPI, I2C, I2S, UART are used for
communicating between two sensors or modules. IOT
c) Measuring range: 0 to 15 feet’s gateway is discussed briefly in [7].

D) Temperature Sensor

This sensor is an “integrated circuit sensor”. The yield

voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature.
The “LM35 sensor” is used in this project because the user
cannot convert Kelvin to centigrade temperature. It is not FLOW CHART:
suitable for remote applications and directly measures in
Celsius. The applications of the temperature sensor are in the
microwave, fridges, household devices, and air conditioners.
It measures not only the heat but also measures cold
temperature. They are two categories of sensors; they are
“contact temperature sensor” and “non-contact temperature
sensor”. Contact temperature sensor is again divided into
three types; they are electromechanical, resistive resistance
temperature detectors, and semiconductor-based LM35,
DS1820, etc.

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 • The flowchart starts by establishing a connection interval of sensing. It reduces power consumption.
between the controller and the network. Then, the
controller reads the PH, temperature, water level,
and CO2 levels. If the PH is greater than 8, the
buzzer is turned on and the data is sent to the server.

• If the water level is 0, the buzzer is turned on and the

data is sent to the server. If the CO2 level is 0, the
buzzer is turned on and the data is sent to the server.

• If all of the readings are in range, the flowchart

ends.Here is a more detailed explanation of each
step in the flowchart:Establish connection between
controller and network: The controller needs to be
connected to a network in order to send data to the
server.Read input (PH, temperature, water level,
CO2): The controller reads the PH, temperature,
water level, and CO2 levels from the
sensors.If(pH>8): If the PH is greater than 8, the
buzzer is turned on and the data is sent to the server.
This is because a PH of greater than 8 is considered
to be alkaline, which can be harmful to plants and
animals. Figure 7.1: Sensor data accessing in the web through IoT

• If(water-0): If the water level is 0, the buzzer is V. CONCLUSION

turned on and the data is sent to the server. This is
because a water level of 0 means that there is no By using a WI-FI module, the interfacing is done between
water, which can damage the system. transducers and the sensor network on a single chip solution
wirelessly. For the monitoring process, the system is
achieved with reliability and feasibility by verifying the four
parameters of water. The time interval of monitoring might
• If(gas-0): If the CO2 level is 0, the buzzer is turned
be changed depending upon the necessity. Ecological
on and the data is sent to the server.
environment of water resources is protected in this research.
The time is reduced, and the cost is low in this environmental
• This is because a CO2 level of 0 means that there is management.
no CO2, which is essential for plant growth.STOP:
If all of the readings are in range, the flowchart ends. VI. REFERENCE

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