22PLC15B

Model Question Paper-I with effect from 2022-23 (CBCS Scheme)

USN

First/Second Semester B.E. Degree Examination

Introductionto Python Programming
TIME: 03 Hours Max. Marks: 100

Note: 01. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing at least ONE question from each MODULE.

*Bloom’s

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Module -1 Taxonomy Marks
Level
Q.01 a With Python programming examples to each, explain the syntax and
L2 08
control flow diagrams of break and continue statements.

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Python break is used to terminate the execution of the loop.

e.
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i=1
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while i < 6:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1
OUTPUT
1
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2
3
Python Continue Statement skips the execution of the program block from
after the continue statement and forces the control to start the next iteration.

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i=0
while i <= 20 :
i += 1 #i=i+1
if i % 2 == 1 :

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continue
print(i)

OUTPUT:
2
4
6 e.
8
10
12
14
16
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18
20
b Explain TWO ways of importing modules into application in Python
L2 06
with
syntax and suitable programming examples.
ue

To use functions, classes, or variables defined in a module, it needs to be

imported in the program. There are several ways to import modules in Python
programs, including:

1. 1.
2. import module_name: This statement imports the entire module and allows you
to use its functions, classes, and variables with the module_name. prefix. For
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example:
import math
print(math.pi)
2. 2.
3. from module_name import function_name: This statement imports a specific
function from a module and allows you to use it without the module_name.
prefix. For example:

from math import pi

print(pi)

3. 3.
4. import module_name as alias_name: This statement imports a module and gives
it an alias name to use in the program. For example:
import numpy as np
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arr = np.array([1, 2, 3])

4. 4.
from module_name import *: This statement imports all functions, classes, and
variables from a module into the program's namespace. However, this method
is generally discouraged because it can lead to naming conflicts and make the
code harder to read and understand.
c Write a function to calculate factorial of a number. Develop a program to
L3 06
compute binomialcoefficient (Given N and R).

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

factorial = 1
if num < 0:
print(" Factorial does not exist for negative numbers")

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elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
for i in range(1,num + 1):
factorial = factorial*i

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print("The factorial of",num,"is",factorial)
OUTPUT:
Enter a number: 4
The factorial of 4 is 24
OR
Q.02 a Explain looping control statements in Python with a syntax and
L2 06
example to e.
each.

Looping means repeating something over and over until a particular condition
is satisfied.
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Python has two primitive loop commands:
while loops
for loops
The while Loop
With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is
true.
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i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
OUTPUT:
1
2
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3
4
5
for Loops and the range() Function The while loop keeps looping while its
condition is True, but what if you want to execute a block of code only a certain
number of times. You can do this with a for loop statement and the range()
function. For loop includes the following:
The for keyword
A variable name
The in keyword
A call to the range() method with up to three integers passed to it
A colon
Starting on the next line, an indented block of code
Example:
print('My name is')
for i in range(3):
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print('Jimmy Three Times ')

OUTPUT:
Jimmy Three Times
Jimmy Three Times
Jimmy Three Times

b Develop a Python program to generate Fibonacci sequence of length

L3 04
(N). Read N from the console.

nterms = int(input ("How many terms the user wants to print? "))
# First two terms
n1 = 0
n2 = 1

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count = 0
# Now, we will check if the number of terms is valid or not
if nterms <= 0:
print ("Please enter a positive integer, the given number is not valid")
# if there is only one term, it will return n_1

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elif nterms == 1:
print ("The Fibonacci sequence of the numbers up to", nterms, ": ")
print(n1)
# Then we will generate Fibonacci sequence of number
else:
print ("The fibonacci sequence of the numbers is:")
while count < nterms: e.
print(n1)
nth = n1 + n2
# At last, we will update values
n1 = n2
n2 = nth
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count += 1

OUTPUT
How many terms the user wants to print? 8
The fibonacci sequence of the numbers is:
0
1
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1
2
3
5
8
13
c Write a function named DivExp which takes TWO parameters a, b and
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returns a value c (c=a/b). Write suitable assertion for a>0 in function

DivExp and raise an exception for when b=0.Develop a Python program L3 06
which reads two values from the console and calls a function DivExp.

def DivExp(a,b):
try:
c=a/b
return(c)
except:
print(“divide by zero error”)

n1=int(input(“enter the value of first number”))

n2=int(input(“enter the value of Second number”))
result=DivExp(n1,n2)
print(“The division of”,n1,”and”,n2,”is=”,result)
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OUTPUT 1:
enter the value of first number
5
enter the value of second number
0
divide by zero error
d Explain FOUR scope rules of variables in Python. L2 04

In Python, the scope rules of variables determine where a variable can be

accessed or modified within a program. Here are the four scope rules of
variables in Python:

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1. Global scope: Variables defined outside any function or class have a global
scope. These variables can be accessed or modified from anywhere in the
program.
Example of global variable:
x = 300 Global Variable

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def myfunc():
print(x)
myfunc()
print(x)
OUTPUT
300
2.
3.
300 e.
Local scope: Variables defined inside a function have a local scope. These
variables can only be accessed or modified within the function in which they
are defined. Local variables take precedence over global variables with the
same name.
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Example of local variable:
def myfunc():
x = 300 Local variable
print(x)
myfunc()
OUTPUT
300
4.
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5. Enclosing scope: Variables defined in an enclosing function have an enclosing

scope. These variables can be accessed or modified by nested functions, but not
by functions outside the enclosing function.
6.
7. Built-in scope: Python has a set of built-in functions and exceptions that are
always available for use. Variables defined in the built-in scope can be accessed
or modified from anywhere in the program.
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Module-2
Q. 03 a Explain with a programming example to each:
(ii) get() L2 06
(iii) setdefault()

(i) get(): The get() method in Python is used to access the value of a key in a
dictionary. It takes one mandatory argument, which is the key to be searched in
the dictionary.

# create a dictionary
my_dict = {'apple': 10, 'banana': 20, 'orange': 30}

# access the value of a key using get()

apple_count = my_dict.get('apple')
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# print the values
print(apple_count)

# Output: 10

(ii) setdefault(): The setdefault() method in Python is used to insert a key-

value pair into a dictionary if the key does not exist. It takes two arguments -
the first argument is the key to be inserted, and the second argument (optional)
is the value to be assigned to the key.

# create a dictionary
my_dict = {'apple': 10, 'banana': 20, 'orange': 30}

# add a new key-value pair using setdefault()

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mango_count = my_dict.setdefault('mango', 40)

# update the value of an existing key using setdefault()

apple_count = my_dict.setdefault('apple', 50)

# print the dictionary

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print(my_dict)

# Output: {'apple': 10, 'banana': 20, 'orange': 30, 'mango': 40}

b
and copy.deepcopy( ) methods.
e.
Develop suitable Python programs with nested lists to explain copy.copy( )
L3 08

copy.copy() and copy.deepcopy() are methods from the Python copy module
used for creating copies of objects. Both of these methods can be used with
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nested lists.

Using copy.copy()
copy.copy() creates a shallow copy of an object. This means that a new object
is created which is a copy of the original object, but the references to the
objects inside the original object are not copied. Instead, the new object
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contains references to the same objects as the original object.

import copy

original_list=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
# create a shallow copy of original_list
shallow_copy = copy.copy(original_list)
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# modify the first element of the first sublist of shallow_copy

shallow_copy[0][0] = 100

# print both original_list and shallow_copy

print(original_list)
print(shallow_copy)

# Output:
[[100, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
[[100, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

Using copy.deepcopy()
copy.deepcopy() creates a deep copy of an object. This means that a new
object is created which is a copy of the original object, and the references to the
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objects inside the original object are also copied. This creates a completely new
set of objects, independent of the original object.

import copy

original_list=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
# create a deep copy of original_list
deep_copy = copy.deepcopy(original_list)

# modify the first element of the first sublist of deep_copy

deep_copy[0][0] = 200

# print both original_list and deep_copy

print(original_list)

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print(deep_copy)

# Output:
[[100, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
[[200, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
c Explain append() and index() functions with respect to lists in Python. L2 06

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append() and index() are two built-in functions in Python that are used with
lists.
1. append() function:
The append() function is used to add an element to the end of a list. The
example for append() function is as follows:

ls=[1,2,3]
ls.append("hi")
ls.append(10)
e.
print(ls)
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OUTPUT: [1, 2, 3, “hi”, 10]

2. index() function:

The index() function is used to find the index of a specified element in a list.
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The example for the index() function is as follows

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape"]

index = fruits.index("banana")
print(index)
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OUTPUT:
1
As we can see, the index variable now contains the index of the "banana"
element in the fruits list, which is 1.

OR
Q.04 a Explain different ways to delete an element from a list with suitable Python
L2 10
syntax and programming examples.

 pop(): This method deletes the last element in the list, by default.
ls=[3,6,-2,8,10]
x=ls.pop()
print(ls)

OUTPUT: [3, 6, -2, 8]

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 The del statement will delete values at an index in a list. All of the
values in the list after the deleted value will be moved up one index.

ls=[3,6,-2,8,10]
del ls[2]
print(ls)
OUTPUT : [3, 6, 8, 10]

 clear(): This method removes all the elements in the list and makes
the list empty.

ls=[1,2,3]
ls.clear()
print(ls)

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 You can use the remove() method to remove an element from a list by
specifying its value. Here's an example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
my_list.remove(3)
print(my_list) # Output: [1, 2, 4, 5]

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b Read a multi-digit number (as chars) from the console. Develop a program
L3 06
to print the frequency of each digit with suitable message.

def countoccurrences(n, d):

count = 0 e.
# Loop to find the digits of N
while (n > 0):
# check if the digit is D
if(n % 10 == d):
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count = count + 1
n = n//10
# return the count of the
# occurrences of D in N
return count
# Driver code
d=2
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n =int(input('Enter multi digit number:'))

print(countoccurrences(n, d))
OUTPUT
Enter multi digit number:223232
4
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c Tuples are immutable. Explain with Python programming example. L2 04

The tuple data type is almost identical to the list data type, except
in two ways. First, tuples are typed with parentheses, ( and ),
instead of square brackets, [ and ].
Tuples are immutable:
Tuples cannot have their values modified, appended, or removed.
Example:
eggs = ('hello', 42, 0.5)
eggs[1] = 99
print(eggs).
OUTPUT:
File "main.py", line 2, in <module>
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eggs[1] = 99
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
Module-3
Q. 05 a Explain Python string handling methods with examples:
L2 10
split(),endswith(),
ljust(), center(), lstrip()

1. split()
The split() method is used to split a string into a list of substrings based on
a specified delimiter. For example:

text = "Hello world!"

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words = text.split(" ")
print(words)

# Output: ['Hello', 'world!']

2. endswith()

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The endswith() method is used to check if a string ends with a specified
suffix. It returns True if the string ends with the specified suffix, and False
otherwise. For example:

text = "Hello world!"

result = text.endswith("world!")
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print(result)

# Output: True

3. ljust()
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The ljust() method is used to left-justify a string within a specified width
by adding padding characters (usually spaces) to the right side of the
string. For example:

text = "Hello"
padded_text = text.ljust(10)
print(padded_text)
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# Output: 'Hello '

4. center()
The center() method is used to center a string within a specified width by
adding padding characters (usually spaces) to both sides of the string. For
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example:

text = "Hello"
centered_text = text.center(10)
print(centered_text)

# Output: ' Hello '

5. lstrip()
The lstrip() method is used to remove leading (leftmost) whitespace
characters (or other specified characters) from a string. For example:

text = " Hello"

stripped_text = text.lstrip()
print(stripped_text)

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# Output: 'Hello'

b Explain reading and saving python program variables using shelve module
L2 06
with suitable Python program.

 The Shelve Module of Python is a very popular module of Python which

works like an effective tool for persistent data storage inside files using
a Python program.
 As the name of this module suggests, i.e., Shelve, we can easily interpret
that it will work as a shelf object to keep all our data inside a file and
save all the necessary information.

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 In the Shelve Module, a shelf object is defined, which acts like a
dictionary-type object, and it is persistently stored in the disk file of our
computer.

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Enter the following into the interactive shell:
import shelve
>>> shelfFile = shelve.open('mydata')
>>> cats = ['Zophie', 'Pooka', 'Simon']
>>> shelfFile['cats'] = cats
>>> shelfFile.close() e.
programs can use the shelve module to later reopen and retrieve the data
from these shelf files. Shelf values don’t have to be opened in read or write
mode they can do both once opened. Enter the following into the interactive
shell:
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>>> shelfFile = shelve.open('mydata')
>>> type(shelfFile)
<class 'shelve.DbfilenameShelf'>
>>> shelfFile['cats']
['Zophie', 'Pooka', 'Simon']
>>> shelfFile.close()
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c Develop a Python program to read and print the contents of a text file. L3 04

An example Python program that reads and prints the contents of a text file:

filename = "example.txt"
with open(filename, "r") as file:
contents = file.read()
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print(contents)

OR
Q. 06 a Explain Python string handling methods with examples: join(),
L2 10
startswith(),rjust(),strip(),rstrip()

1. join():
The join() method is useful when you have a list of strings that need to be
joined together into a single string value.
For example, enter the following into the interactive shell:

>>> ', '.join(['cats', 'rats', 'bats'])

'cats, rats, bats'

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>>> ' '.join(['My', 'name', 'is', 'Simon'])
'My name is Simon'
2. startswith()
The startswith() method is used to check if a string starts with a specific
substring. It takes a substring as input and returns a boolean value indicating
whether the string starts with the given substring or not.

>>> 'Hello, world!'.startswith('Hello')

True
>>> 'abc123'.startswith('abcdef')
False

3. rjust()
The rjust() method is used to right-justify a string by adding spaces to the left
of the string.

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>>> 'Hello'.rjust(30)
‘ Hello’

4. strip()
The strip() method is used to remove any leading or trailing whitespace from a

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string. It returns a new string with the whitespace removed.
>>> string = ' Hello World '
>>> print(string.strip())
Hello World

5. rstrip()

side.

text = " Hello, World! "

e.
The rstrip() method is used to remove any trailing whitespace from a
string. It returns a new string with the whitespace removed from the right

result = text.rstrip()
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print(result)
# Output: ' Hello, World!'
b Explain with suitable Python program segments: (i) os.path.basename() (ii)
L2 05
os.path.join().

(i) os.path.basename() is a Python function that returns the base name

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of the file path given as input. The base name is the last part of the
path, after the last occurrence of the path separator (‘/’ on Unix and
‘\’ on Windows) or drive separator (‘:’ on Windows). Here is an
example of how to use os.path.basename():

import os

# Example file path

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file_path = '/home/user/documents/example.txt'

# Get the base name of the file

file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)

# Print the base name

print(file_name)

# Output:
example.txt

i) os.path.join() is a Python function that joins two or more path components

into a single path. This function takes one or more path components as input
and returns a single path string that represents the concatenated path
components. Here is an example of how to use os.path.join():

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import os
# Example directory and file names
dir_name = 'documents'
file_name = 'example.txt'

# Join the directory and file names

file_path = os.path.join('/home/user', dir_name, file_name)

# Print the file path

print(file_path)

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# Output: /home/user/documents/example.txt

c Develop a Python program find the total size of all the files in the given L3 05
directory.

import os

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# assign size
size = 0

# assign folder path

Folderpath = "/home/secabiet/test”

# get size
e.
for ele in os.scandir(Folderpath):
size+=os.path.getsize(ele)

print(size)
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Output:
566434
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Module-4
Q. 07 a Explain permanent delete and safe delete with a suitable Python
L2 08
programming example to each.

Permanent delete refers to the complete removal of data from a storage

device, with no possibility of recovery. Once data has been permanently
deleted, it cannot be retrieved or restored.

import os

# specify the file to be deleted

file_name = "example.txt"

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# remove the file permanently
os.remove(file_name)

Safe delete, on the other hand, is a type of deletion that allows data to be

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removed from a storage device, but with the possibility of recovery if needed.
This type of deletion involves a process of overwriting the data with new
information

import os

file_name = "example.txt"
e.
# specify the file to be deleted

# open the file in write mode and overwrite with new data
with open(file_name, "w") as file:
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file.write("This file has been deleted.")

# remove the file

os.remove(file_name)

b Develop a program to backing Up a given Folder (Folder in a current

L3 06
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working directory) into a ZIP File by using relevant modules and suitable
methods.

import os
from zipfile import ZipFile
from os import path
from shutil import make_archive
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# Check if file exists

if os.path.exists("a.txt"):
# get the path to the file in the current directory
src = path.realpath("a.txt")
# now put things into a ZIP archive
#Split the path name into a pair head and tail
root_dir,tail = path.split(src)
shutil.make_archive("a_archive","zip",root_dir)
# more fine-grained control over ZIP files
with ZipFile("a_archive.zip", "w") as newzip:
newzip.write("a.txt")
newzip.write("a.txt.bak")

c Explain the role of Assertions in Python with a suitable program. L2 06

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In python, assert is keyword. This statement takes as input a boolean
condition, which when returns true doesn’t do anything and continues the
normal flow of execution, but if it is computed to be false, then it raises an
AssertionError along with the optional message provided.

Syntax : assert condition, error_message(optional)

Where:
 assert:keyword
 condition: The boolean condition returning true or false.
 error_message : The optional argument to be printed in console in case
of AssertionError

Example: Python assert keyword with error message

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# initializing number
a =4
b =0

# using assert to check for 0

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print("The value of a / b is : ")
assert b !=0, "Zero Division Error"
print(a /b)

Output:
AssertionError: Zero Division Error

a
(ii) shutil.rmtree().
e.
OR
Explain the functions with examples: (i) shutil.copytree() (ii) shutil.move()
L3 06
dg
shutil is a Python module that provides a file operations, such as copying,
moving, and deleting files and directories.
1. In this below example, shutil.copytree() is used to copy the entire
directory tree from the source directory to the destination directory.
Example:

import shutil
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# copy a directory tree

shutil.copytree('/path/to/source/directory',
'/path/to/destination/directory')

2. shutil.move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2): This function moves a

file or directory from the source path to the destination path.
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Example:

import shutil

# move a file or directory

shutil.move('/path/to/source/file_or_directory',
'/path/to/destination/file_or_directory')

3. shutil.rmtree() is used to recursively delete the directory tree located

at the specified path
Example:

import shutil
# delete a directory tree
shutil.rmtree('/path/to/directory')

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b Develop a Python program to traverse the current directory by listing sub-
L2 06
folders and files.

import os
for foldername, subfolder, files in os.walk('/home/secabiet/test'):
print('current folder is'+foldername)
for subf in subfolder:
print('subfolder of :'+foldername+':'+subf)
for fname in files:

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print('file inside of :'+foldername+':'+fname)

OUTPUT
current folder is/home/secabiet/test
subfolder of :/home/secabiet/test:test1

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file inside of :/home/secabiet/test:a.py
current folder is/home/secabiet/test/test1

c Explain the support for Logging with logging module in Python. L2 08

e.
Logging is a technique used in programming to record and report events that
occur during the execution of a program. It provides a way to track the
behavior of a program and helps in identifying issues and debugging problems.
The logging module in Python provides a flexible and efficient way to handle
logging in Python programs.
dg
Let's understand the following example.

Example -
import logging
logging.debug('The debug message is displaying')
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logging.info('The info message is displaying')

logging.warning('The warning message is displaying')
logging.error('The error message is displaying')
logging.critical('The critical message is displaying')
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Output:

WARNING:root:The warning message is displaying

ERROR:root:The error message is displaying
CRITICAL:root:The critical message is displaying

Module-5
Q. 09 a Explain the methods init__ and __str__ with suitable code example to
L2 06
each.

The init () method is used to initialize the object's attributes

class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
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self.age = age

The str () method is used to provide a string representation of the

object.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age

def __str__(self):
return f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}"
p = Person("John", 25)
print(p)

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# Output:
Name: John, Age: 25
b Explain the program development concept ‘prototype and patch’ with
L2 06
suitable example.

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c Define a function which takes TWO objects representing complex
numbers and returns new complex number with a addition of two
complex numbers. Define a suitable class ‘Complex’ to represent the L3 08
e.
complex number.Develop a program to read N (N >=2) complex
numbers and to compute the addition of N complex numbers.

class Complex ():

def initComplex(self):
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self.realPart = int(input("Enter the Real Part: "))
self.imgPart = int(input("Enter the Imaginary Part: "))
def display(self):
print(self.realPart,"+",self.imgPart,"i", sep="")
def sum(self, c1, c2):
self.realPart = c1.realPart + c2.realPart
self.imgPart = c1.imgPart + c2.imgPart
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c1 = Complex()
c2 = Complex()
c3 = Complex()
print("Enter first complex number")
c1.initComplex()
print("First Complex Number: ", end="")
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c1.display()
print("Enter second complex number")
c2.initComplex()
print("Second Complex Number: ", end="")
c2.display()
print("Sum of two complex numbers is ", end="")
c3.sum(c1,c2)
c3.display()

OUTPUT:
Enter first complex number
Enter the Real Part: 4
Enter the Imaginary Part: 6
First Complex Number: 4+6i
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Enter second complex number
Enter the Real Part: 4
Enter the Imaginary Part: 6
Second Complex Number: 4+6i
Sum of two complex numbers is 8+12i
OR
Q. 10 a Explain the following with syntax and suitable code snippet:
i) Class definition ii) instantiation iii) passing an instance (or objects) L2 10
as an argument iv) instances as return values.

(i) Class definition: A class is a blueprint or a template for creating

objects that encapsulate data and behavior. In Python, a class
definition begins with the class keyword followed by the name

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of the class and a colon.

Syntax

class ClassName:

co
#statements

(ii) Instantiation: Instantiation is the process of creating an object from a

class. To create an object, you use the class name followed by
parentheses.

Emp= Employee()
e.
Example: Observe the following statements:

(iii) Passing an instance (or objects) as an argument: You can pass

instances of a class (or objects) as arguments to functions or methods.
dg
(iv) Instances as return values: You can also return instances of a class
from functions or methods. This allows you to create and return objects
based on some conditions or data.
b Define pure function and modifier. Explain the role of pure functions and
L2 10
modifiers in application development with suitable python programs.

A pure function is a function whose output value follows solely

ue

from its input values, without any observable side effects.

Example:

class Time:
hour=0
minute=0
vt

second=0
def print_time(t):
print('%.2d:%.2d:%.2d' % (t.hour, t.minute, t.second))
def add_time(t1, t2):
sum=Time()
sum.hour = t1.hour + t2.hour
sum.minute = t1.minute + t2.minute
sum.second = t1.second + t2.second
return sum
t1 = Time()
t1.hour = 9
t1.minute = 45
t1.second = 0
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02
 22PLC15B
t2 = Time()
t2.hour = 1
t2.minute = 35
t2.second = 0
t3 = Time()
t3=Time.add_time(t1,t2)
Time.print_time(t3)

OUTPUT:
10:80:00

Functions which take mutable arguments (e.g. lists) and change them

m
during execution are called modifiers

Example:
class Time:
hour=0

co
minute=0
second=0
def print_time(self):
print('%.2d:%.2d:%.2d' % (self.hour, self.minute,
self.second))
def increment(self):
self.second += self.second
if self.second >= 60:
e.
self.second -= 60
dg
self.minute += 1
if self.minute >= 60:
self.minute -= 60
self.hour += 1
time = Time()
ue

time.hour = 9
time.minute = 62
time.second = 12
time.increment()
time.print_time()
OUTPUT:
vt

10:02:24

*Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Indicate as L1, L2, L3, L4, etc. It is also desirable to indicate the COs and POs to be
attained by every bit of questions.

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