Impact Assessment Study on IOCL's CSR Project- Establishment of

Fodder bank and Skill based training facility for Youth and
Farmers at Gannavaram in Andhra Pradesh

Dr. V. Sreemannarayana Murthy

Head, Department of Sociology
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam

Andhra University
Visakhapatnam
Andhra Pradesh
2022
 Acknowledgements

This project entitled Impact Assessment Study on IOCL's CSR Project- Establishment of
Fodder bank and Skill based training facility for Youth and Farmers at Gannavaram in Andhra
Pradesh was funded by the Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. I am thankful to Prof. PVGD Prasad
Reddy, Hon'ble Vice-Chancellor, Andhra University and Prof. V. Krishna Mohan, Registrar,
Andhra University for identifying me to execute the project. Thanks are due to Prof Y. Abbulu,
Director, Centre for Industrial and Scientific Consultancy, Andhra University for facilitating the
execution of the project. I am thankful to Mr. Swaminathan, Chief General Manager (HR),
Telangana and Andhra Pradesh State Office (TAPSO) for assigning the Impact study to Andhra
University. Thanks are due to Ms J Uma Krishna, Manager (HR) TAPSO for coordinating with
the officials of Andhra University and NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram in the
execution of the project. I am thankful to Prof. Ch. Venkataseshaiah of the NTR College of
Veterinary Science, Gannavaram for making all the necessary arrangements for field visit. My
thanks are due to my field assistants- Mr. V. Prachodhay, Mr. G. Murali and Mr. V. Rama Siva
for providing necessary assistance in course of field studies. I express my sincere thanks to the
officials of the Department of Animal Husbandry, Gannavaram for assisting us in the field
studies.

V. SREEMANNARAYANA MURTHY

i
CONTENTS

Acknowledgements

1. Introduction 1

2. Methodology 3

3. Establishment of Fodder Bank 5

4. Social Impact of the Project 30

5. Environmental Impact of the Project 72

6. Conclusion and Recommendations 76

Annexure
 1. Introduction

The Indian Oil Corporation, one of the leading commercial enterprises of India
executed an ambitious Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Project at Livestock Farm
Complex, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavarm, Andhra Pradesh. The project was
taken up with an objective of fulfilling four cardinal points of schedule VII of Companies’
Act, 2013 viz.,
1. promoting employment enhancing vocational skills & livelihood enhancement

2. Empowering women

3. Ensuring environmental sustainability, maintaining quality of soil, air and water, animal
welfare and

4. Rural development projects

The main motto of the project is reclamation of waste land to bring out products
beneficial to the marginalized sections of the society. In a way this project is in tune with the
constitutional mandate of bringing the excluded groups into the developmental process and
thereby into the mainstream of the society. About 17 acres of waste land was available in the
Livestock Farm complex of the NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, in Krishna
district of Andhra Pradesh. A survey conducted by the College revealed that there is a
shortage of cattle fodder in the State of Andhra Pradesh to the tune of 52 per cent. In order to
make up for the shortage, an innovative method is required. It must be noted that vast
stretches of green fields are being converted into house sites and such ventures, by the
realtors unmindful of the consequences. Despite the fact that a Panchayat resolution is needed
to undertake such an exercise, the functionaries of the Panchayat are being easily managed to
obtain permissions for real estate ventures. One of the adverse consequences of such activity
is the shortage of fodder. Dr. Venkataseshaiah, Professor at the College identified the tank
bund in the premises to grow the proposed fodder. The area of the land around the tank is
about 3.8 acre.

The dream project of Prof. Venkataseshaiah began to move towards reality with IOCL
stepping in to sponsor the project of waste land reclamation, growth of fodder and imparting

1
requisite skills for the identified marginalized sections to grow the fodder on leased lands or
government lands.

Water logged land was treated; the uneven land was levelled. The land on the tank
bund was cleared of thorny bushes and weeds as it is expected to yield a rich crop. This land
was up to 3.8 acres and the other non-cultivable land treated is up to 15 acres. After intense
research the seeds of high yielding locally adaptable fodder varieties such as Hybrid Napier
grass (Super Napier), Guineagrass, COFS 29 and fodder tress like Moringa, Subabul and
Sesbania were procured. The distinctive feature of the fodder varieties is that they yield a
crop throughout the year. The fodder varieties were tested and developed for eight months.
They are found to be high biomass yielding varieties.

Objectives of the Study:

1. Whether silage production is beneficial to the marginalized sections of the village

2. Whether the silage sold to the identified women beneficiaries contributed to women

empowerment or would contribute to women empowerment in the near future.

3. Whether the silage fed to the cattle improved the quantity of milk

4. Whether the silage fed to the cattle improved the quality of milk.

5. Whether establishment of Fodder Bank contributed towards environmental sustainability

6. Whether the training imparted to identified beneficiaries vocational skills and livelihood

enhancement

7. Whether there is scope for the farmers to produce silage in the near future.

8. Whether the silage production and sale contribute to rural development wherever there is

scope for cattle rearing

9. Whether the project in the long run contributes to social mobility with reference to

marginalized sections of the society.

2
 2. METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH

The Social and Environmental Impact Assessment is a method of

identification and evaluation of potential effects both positive and adverse of the
project with regard to environment and socio-economic elements. The impact is in
terms of quality of life and environmental benefits.

The following methodology has been adopted to carry out the present study.

Description of the proposed project locations / sites of the project

Site survey of the fodder bank was conducted. Pictures of the site before the
launching of the project were collected from the Project In-charge to ascertain the
nature of the wasteland before the commencement of the project. Information was
also gathered on the execution of clearance work before transforming the non-
cultivable land into cultivable one.

Information on Environmental and Social baseline surveys:

It is pertinent to note that the project in-charge Dr. Venkataseshaiah has conducted
baseline survey on environment and social aspects before the commencement of the
project. So in course of interviews with him, necessary information on the baseline
survey was gathered. This helps in understanding the pre project conditions or
characteristics of the area. The available data from secondary sources is utilized to
describe the base line of the study area.

APPROACH
The approach to the study comprises literature review, desk top study,
collection of primary data, field visits, consultations, data analysis and preparation of
report. The primary and secondary data collection related to the environmental and
social attributes are part of the study. Field visits were conducted in the study area.

Selection of Samples and Tools for Data Collection

The four villages studied were located in two mandals of Krishna district of
Andhra Pradesh. Data on project area, socio-economic and livelihood profiles of
local communities, public consultation with the local communities are completed.
Through structured interview schedule, focus group discussions were organized as

3
part of data collection from the relevant community. The personnel of the
Department of Animal Husbandry helped the researcher in identifying the
beneficiaries.

The main objective of the study is to find out whether the production of silage is
beneficial to the marginalized sections of the society especially women. The study also
focused on environmental benefits accruing out of the project. The study also focused on the
potential of the project to be replicated elsewhere in the country or in areas with similar
geographical features for the overall benefit of the marginalized sections of the society as it is
the Constitutional mandate.

4
 3. ESTABLISHMENT OF FODDER BANK

The pre-condition for establishment of Fodder Bank was identification of suitable

land. Dr. Venkataseshaiah observed that about 2.8 acres of land around the tank was lying
waste covered by bushes and thorny plants. Apart from the said land a vast field of about 15
acres was also lying vacant but waterlogged and covered with weed. The idea is to reclaim
the waste land for the purpose of growing different varieties of fodder. The Indian Oil
Corporation Ltd. came forward to sponsor the project which included

- Heavy machinery and earth movers were used for clearance of bushes on 15 acres of waste
land and about 2.8 acres of tank bund and leveling the land.

- De-siltation was carried out wherever there was water logging

- A bore well was drilled and water connectivity is provided to all the fields where different
varieties of fodder grass is being grown

- Perennial fodder grass varieties like Super Napier (Napier Pachong-1), Zuri (Guinea grass),
Legume fodders (stylo hamata), fodder bushes(desmanthus) and fodder trees like Moringa,
Subabul and Sasbania are planted.

- Machinery such as Forage harvester, Chopper, Brush cutter, Chaff cutter, for

forage harvest, chopping and making of silage bales has been procured.

- A silage storage Shed was constructed.

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Farm complex at NTR College of Veterinary Science

Collected Fodder

14
Fodder cutting machine

Silage Bale Making

15
Ingredients for making silage bale

Ingredients mixed with grass

16
 Silage Bale Making

Final Product of Silage Bale

17
Final product of silage bale (50kg per bale)

Silage Bales are ready for dispatch

18
Visiting Cultivated Land

Tank Bund view

19
 Birds gathered at Tank Bund

Learning about the difference between fodder and fodder trees

20
 Fodder seeds

Learning Grass Capacity

21
 Visiting all parts of the tank bund

Waste land converted into fodder cultivation land near tank bund

22
Different Varieties of Fodder

Another variety of Fodder

23
 Super Napier Fodder

Fodder ready for another yield (45 days)

24
 Another Variety of fodder grass

Waste land Converted to fodder cultivation land

25
 Fodder cutting

Visit to Training Centre

26
Training Centre at farm Complex

27
 Training room at farm complex

Fodder and Skill Development Training Centre in Farm Complex

Prof. Venkata Seshaiah

28
Researcher with Prof. Venkata Seshaiah at Farm Complex Office

29
 4. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT

Social impact study examines the changes in the quality of life of the beneficiaries
after the advent of the project. The distribution of silage bales to the identified beneficiaries
and training them towards skill development should improve the quality of their lives. The
researcher and his team visited four villages namely Bahubalendrunigudem and Allapuram in
Gannavaram Mandal, and Elukapadu and Vempadu villages in Unguturu Mandal of Krishna
district.

List of beneficiaries who received/purchased silage bales at Bahubalendrunigudem

(B.B.Gudem)- Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District

S.NO NAME SOCIAL CATEGORY

(SC/ST/BC/OC)
1 D.USHA RANI BC
2 CH. RANI BC
3 C.NAGESWARAMMA BC
4 B. SIVAPARVATHI OC
5 K. RAJYALAKSHMI BC
6 K. DURGAMMA BC
7 T. SITAMMA OC
8 T. ANASOOYA OC
9 CH. NAGALAKSHMI BC
10 CH. SURESH BC
11 Y. RAMANA BC
12 P. SAMBHASIVA RAO OC
13 T. JYOTHI OC
14 N. RAJENDRA PRASAD BC
15 P. SAMBHASIVA RAO OC
16 M.JYOTHI BC
17 B. MURALIKRISHNA OC
18 K. UPENDRA BC
19 CH. SRINIVASA RAO BC
20 CH. SURYACHANDRA RAO BC
21 K. RAMADASU BC
22 CH. DHANALAKSHMI BC
23 CH. MALESHWARA RAO BC
24 D.RAMBABU BC
25 S. KOBAMMA SC
26 Y. MAYA BC
27 A VIJAYAMMA OC

30
 28 CH. MALAYYA BC
29 CH. KAMESHWARI BC
30 CH. REKHA BC

List of beneficiaries who received/purchased silage bales at Allapuram- Gannavaram

Mandal, Krishna District

S. No. NAME OF THE FARMER SOCIAL CATEGORY

(SC/ST/BC/OC)
1 KORLAGANTI SIVA RANI OC
2 TADISETTY BC
VENKATESWARAMMA
3 KARAMPUDI KUMARI OC
4 KADIYALA LAKSHMI OC
5 BADUGU MADDIMMA BC
6 VARRE RAMADEVI SC
7 GURIVINDAPALLI SC
RATNAKUMARI
8 GANTHOTI MERI SC
9 GUDLA NAGA LASKHMI SC
10 GANTHOTI INDIRA SC
PRIYADARSHINI
11 GUGULOTHU BABI ST
12 JANGAM BUJJI SC
13 SAVARAM LAKSHMI SC
14 SAVARAM SUSHMA SC
15 SAVARAM KUMARI SC
16 SAVARAM CHINNI SC
17 CHILAKANTI SUJATHA BC
18 CHILAKANTI JOJAMMA BC
19 KATRU MANI SC
20 DEBBALA SARADA SC
21 TIRIVEEDHI LAKSHMI SC
PRASANNA
22 PULIVARTHI MARTHAMMA SC
23 DEBBALA LATHA SC
24 DOKKU SIVAKUMARI BC
25 VEERLA JYOTHI BC
26 NAKKA SAMADHANAM SC
27 DEBBALA KAMALA SC
28 KURAPATI BUJJI SC
29 VEERLA LAKSHMI JEEVAMANI BC
30 DONDUBOINA SAMRAJYAM BC
31 THOTA SRIVANI BC
32 VEERLA KANAKA DURGA BC
MAHALAKSHMI
33 VEERLA NAGA KRISHNAVANI BC

31
 34 VEERLA LAKSHMI NAGAMANI BC
35 AVUTUPALLI MANGAMMA BC
36 DEVARAPALLI NAGALAKSHMI BC
37 DEVARAPALLI RAMADEVI BC
38 AVUTUPALLI VEERAKUMARI BC
39 KODALI BHARATHI OC

List of beneficiaries who received/purchased silage bales at Vempadu- Unguturu

Mandal, Krishna District

S. No. NAME OF THE FARMER SOCIAL CATEGORY

(SC/ST/BC/OC)
1 NAGANABOYINA BC
NAGALAKSHMI
2 NAGANABOYINA RAMYA BC
PAVANI
3 KOLUSU RAJINI BC
4 NAGANABOYINA JOYTHI BC
5 NAGANABOYINA BC
GOVARDHANAMMA
6 KESARA RAMANA OC
7 KESARA KRISHNA OC
KUMARI
8 BOTLA PRAMEELA RANI OC
9 KESARA SARITHA OC
10 BOMMAREDDY OC
DHANALAKSHMI
11 THULLIMILLI ANNAMANI SC
12 ARIKATTLA VANI SC
13 JANAMALA RAJINI SC
14 THULIMILLI GOWTHAMI SC
15 PULIPAKA SOUJANYA SC
16 BOKINALA VAJRAMMA SC
17 BOKINALA SC
DHANALAKSHMI
18 BOKINALA SAILAJA SC
19 BATTHULA RANI SC
20 IAM SATYAVATHI SC
21 MERUGU JAYAMMA SC
22 VEMANDA MANASA SC
23 IAM KALPANA SC
24 THULIMILLI MERY SC
SUNITHA
25 MERUGU KALAVATHI SC

32
 List of beneficiaries who received/purchased silage bales at Elukapadu- Unguturu
Mandal, Krishna District

S.No. NAME OF THE FARMER SOCIAL STATUS(SC/ST/BC/OC)

1 PILLI PUNYAVATI BC
2 AKULA INDHRANI BC
3 CHOUTAPALLI SAMPURNA SC
4 SRIKAKULAPU SC
KARUNAMMA
5 POGULA PARVATHI BC
6 SRIKAKULAPU MANI SC
7 AJMIRU KUMARI ST

The sale of silage bales and their administration to the cattle is supervised from time
to time by the personnel of the Department of Animal Husbandry apart from the Project In-
charge Dr. Venkataseshaiah. The NTR College of Veterinary Sciences has adopted the
village Bahubalendrunigudem (B.B.Gudem). Hence, either the project in-charge or his
representatives visit the villages at frequent intervals. Now the team is in the process of
identifying Government owned wastelands for reclamation. The researcher and his team have
been able to meet all the beneficiaries in their respective villages except in Allapuram where
only 17 members out of 39 beneficiaries were available for interaction. The team observed
uniformity in the operational process of procuring silage and administering it to the cattle.
The responses of the people were the same though expressed in different language. It was
found that Dr. Venkataseshaiah evinced keen interest in improving the lot of the people.
Hence, he conducted awareness programmes in the said villages to impart knowledge in
silage administration. Beneficiaries told us that in case of confusion regarding either the
quantity of silage or in terms of its usage for limited period once the bale is opened, they
always contacted the project in-charge who in order to promote the project responded
immediately and also did not hesitate to visit the village to personally interact with the
beneficiaries.

Benefits of the fodder:

The various varieties of fodder yield protein rich food which promotes the healthy growth of
the calves.
- The fodder varieties stated can grow even without water
- The fodder is preservable. Molasses, salt and lactic acid are used as preservatives.

33
- The highly nutritious fodder can reduce calf mortality
- The grass grows with every cutting and thus enabling multiple cuts
- The grass is said to grow for ten years or even more.
Owing to shortage of green grass in summer, the milk production usually falls. It is leant
from the milk unions in the Gannavaram mandal that the supply of milk in the summer
season is lesser due to the non-availability of green grass especially to the small and marginal
farmers.

Economy:
Each silage bale weighs 50 kgs. It is sold at Rs 2/- a kg. It means each silage bale
costs Rs. 100/- Comparatively the Government is selling it at a cost of Rs. 4/- a kg by
purchasing it from private players. Private companies cost price fluctuates depending up on
the demand and supply of the silage. This is not affordable for the small farmers. Hence, in
course of the visit in all the four villages, farmers whom the researcher interacted with
expressed their satisfaction over the price of the bale.

In order to encourage the farmers, the NTR College made arrangements for
distribution of silage bales in the identified villages. Prof. Venkataseshaiah who is the project
in-charge stated in course of interaction that in order to popularize the concept of low price-
silage bales it is necessary to carry them to the villages in the initial stage. He also stated that
once encouraged the farmers are reaching the fodder bank for purchase of bales. The cost of
feeding one cow per day which is Rs 30 per day using silage, otherwise it is Rs.105 per day
as learnt from the beneficiaries. It has been observed that the news of low price- silage bales
has reached far and wide and people from other villages began to flock for silage. But in
order to identify the marginal sections of the society, the village volunteers on the request of
the officials of Animal Husbandry are involved in identifying the targeted beneficiaries. The
list of those who approached for silage is given in the tables.

As Napier grass in nutritiously rich the cattle consume less quantity which is 15 kg as
compared to paddy grass which is 20 kgs per day. To meet the demand for silage, 7000 bales
are produced after a single cut of the grass.

Boost in milk production:

An enquiry and verification of records in the offices of the milk unions revealed that after the
distribution of silage bales, the farmers are able to save time and money. The president of the
Milk union at BB Gudem said that earlier they received only two cans of milk in a day (each

34
can 40 liters) but since the introduction of silage, they are receiving three cans per day. One
bale they said once opened lasts for three days. Earlier each farmer used to supply 1.5 litres
of milk per day. But after the administration of the nutritious and protein rich silage to the
cattle, there has been increase in the quantity of milk. It rose from 1. 5 to 2. 00 litres i.e., an
average increase of 25 per cent.

Improvement in the quality of milk:

The local Milk sellers’ society president at B.B. Gudem has shown that the fat content in
the milk has improved after the introduction of silage. Earlier the fat content was to the tune
of 9.2 per cent and now it has improved to 10 per cent. Now the milk society members are
confident that the silage would enable them to sell high quality milk which would fetch them
a higher price. Lactometers are being used by the vendors in this village to test the viscosity
of the milk. This testing was carried out in all the four villages by the project in-charge. In all
the villages where the silage was administered, there was rise in the fat content. Hence, the
farmers have increased the price of milk from Rs.60/- a litre to Rs. 70/- a litre. A rise in Rs.
10 /- per litre has conspicuously increased the income of the farmers. Tammisetti
Venkatalakshmi of B.B. Gudem who is the president of the Women Cooperative Society said
that the farmers are happy with the rise in their incomes which was due to the improvement
in the fat content in the milk. She said that some customers possess lactometer to test the
quality of milk and hence only after being satisfied with the fat content that they are coming
forward pay the increased price. Venkatalakshmi also said that health of the cattle has also
improved. Now fewer interventions from the officials of Animal Husbandry is required after
the cattle are administered the silage.

Improvement in overall health:

The villagers of B.B. Gudem forthrightly stated that the milk they drank after feeding their
cattle with silage was of an improved quality such that none in the village contracted Covid-
19 and that the village was free from the pandemic. Though this sounded like exaggeration,
the beneficiaries stated this in unison. They also added that there is improvement in the
immunity of their children. This is the adopted village of NTR College and the farmers said
that the staff of the college are very responsive to their appeals during the time of necessity
pertaining to cattle. The beneficiaries in other villages also responded positively to the
subject of improvement of health of those drank milk after administration of silage to the
cattle.

35
Reduction in competition and conflict:
Earlier they were moving in and around to locate green pastures and there was competition
among themselves to cut grass on a patch of land by paying the owner. Often some people
ended up disappointed. But now the farmers/beneficiaries say that ever since the production
and distribution of silage bales, they heaved a sigh of relief. Now it is no more a tough
competition to identify a patch of green grass. The competition and conflict among the
farmers are now considerably reduced. Thus, the readymade silage has saved time and
reduced stress among the farmers.

Malnutrition and Calf deaths:

Owing to malnutrition, the calf mortality has been 60 per cent as identified by the NTR
College of Veterinary Science. Now the farmers say that calf mortality is considerably
reduced. It has now dropped down to about 40 per cent. But if concept of silage bales
becomes more popular, the farmers opine that calf mortality can be further reduced. This
would certainly boost the dwindling cattle wealth of the country if this formula is replicated
across the country. Lack of nutritious fodder is the reason for calf mortality in majority of the
cases.

Women Empowerment:
The women beneficiaries stated that though their husbands are the owners of the cattle, the
fact that they have been identified as beneficiaries, the benefits accrue to the family in the
name of the women. Hence, it not only boosts their confidence in the family and society, it
also enables them to contribute to their families. Now women are coming forward to form
into Milk procurement and Distribution societies. This development contributes to women
empowerment. This is witnessed especially in B.B. Gudem.

Eradication of Poverty:
The production of silage on no-profit, no-loss basis has encouraged the potential farmers of
the village to be guaranteed of availability of fodder even in slack season. Farmers at
Allapuram stated that green grass is not available in summer season. But even in rainy season
due to water logging the grass is not accessible. Even if they procure, it is not fit as fodder.
Hence, readymade silage would be useful even in rainy season also. Most of the SCs with one
or two cattle stated that they propose to take land on lease and grow the Napier grass
collectively. Super Napier has been supplied to some beneficiaries at B.B. Gudem by the
NTR College because they adopted the village.
36
The IOCL sponsored Training Centre
The IOCL and the NTR College of Veterinary Science have identified about 200
beneficiaries owning one or two dairy animals with the help of Society for Elimination of
Rural Poverty (SERP) and Animal Husbandry Department. The villages identified were 1.
Bahubalendrunigudem, and 2. Allapuram in Gannavaram Mandal and 3. Vempadu and 4.
Elukapadu in Ungutur Mandal of Krishna district. Training was imparted on topics such as
Profitable dairy animal management; Techniques in clean milk production; Techniques to
improve breeding efficiency in cattle; Techniques to improve conception rate in cattle;
Techniques in breeding management of cattle; Techniques to use alternate and waste lands
for fodder production; Techniques to decrease calf mortality; Feeding management of Dairy
animals; and Techniques to improve fat and Solids Not Fat SNF in the milk

37
List of Trainees who attended various Training programmes at the NTR College with
the infrastructure provided by IOCL

TECHNIQUES TO USE ALTERNATE AND WASTE LANDS FOR FODDER

PRODUCTION (21.07.2021)

S.N SOCIAL
NAME PLACE
O CATEGORY

Y. SANTHA MAHESHWAR
1 KONDURU OC
RAO
2 Y. RAMESH GANNAVARAM SC
3 T.K.V. PRASAD GANNAVARAM BC
4 V. SRINIVASA RAO VISANNAPETA OC
5 K. SUDHAKAR VISANNAPETA BC
K.
6 VISANNAPETA SC
CHINNAVEERAVENKAYYA
M. CHITAYYA
7 VISANNAPETA SC
TATTAKONDA
8 A. DANAYYA VISANNAPETA SC
9 SK. BHASHA VISANNAPETA BC
10 M. RAGHAVULU VISANNAPETA SC
11 P. KANTHA RAO VISANNAPETA BC
12 B. RAVI MADHAVARAM A. KONDURU BC
13 B. RAJA A. KONDURU SC
14 B. RAJUGOPAL A. KONDURU OC
15 B. SANKAR A. KONDURU SC
16 V. VENKATESHWARULU KHAMMAM BC
E. AGNESI KUNAPARAJA
17 REDDIGUDEM ST
PARAVA
18 CH. SRINIVASA RAO REDDIGUDEM OC
19 CH. KRISHNA RAO REDDIGUDEM BC
20 G. MAHESH REDDIGUDEM SC
21 P. BALAKRISHNA REDDIGUDEM SC
22 V.VIKRAM CHANDRALLAPADU ST
23 T. BHARGAV CHANDRALLAPADU SC
24 C. ANKAMMA RAO CHANDRALLAPADU OC
25 V. POTHURAJU KANCHAKACHARLA ST
26 B. ASHOK KANCHAKACHARLA ST
27 K. BABU RAO A. KONDURU BC

38
28 J, NAGESHAWAR RAO A. KONDURU OC
SRIN
29 KHAMMAM OC
30 R. CHINNI KANCHAKACHARLA SC
31 S. SRINIVASA RAO KANCHAKACHARLA SC
32 B. MOHAN RADDY A. KONDURU OC
33 B. BALAVARDHAN REDDY A. KONDURU OC
34 N. RAMACHANDRA RAO VACHAVAI OC
35 E.V. JAGANMOHANA RAO VACHAVAI BC
36 N. PAPARAO VACHAVAI BC
37 N. ADINARAYANA VACHAVAI BC
38 N. GOPALARAO VACHAVAI BC
39 P. VEERAYYA VACHAVAI SC
40 D. RAMA MURTHY VACHAVAI BC
41 E. JAGADESH VACHAVAI BC
42 G. VENKATANARAYANA VACHAVAI BC
43 N. NAGESHWAR RAO VACHAVAI BC
44 CH. KRISHNA RAO CHANDARLAPADU BC
45 R. SUMATHI KANCHIKACHARLA BC
46 V. MOUNIKA VISANNAPETA OC
47 D. NIKITHA REDDIGUDEM OC
48 A. NAGESHWAR RAO DODDADEVARAPADU BC
49 M. BABU VEERULAPADU BC
50 S. VEERAIAH VEERULAPADU SC
51 P. MOORTHAIAH VEERULAPADU ST
52 A. PITCHAIAH VEERULAPADU BC
53 CH. NAGESHWAR RAO VEERULAPADU OC
54 S. RAVI VEERULAPADU ST
55 B. DHARMA RAO VEERULAPADU OC
56 V. SAMBHASIVA RAO GANNAVARAM OC
57 T. RAGHU BABU GANNAVARAM BC
58 CH. VENKATESHWAR RAO GANNAVARAM BC
59 P. SAMBASIVA RAO GANNAVARAM BC

39
 TECHNIQUES TO DECREASE CALF MORTALITY (05.12.2021)

SOCIAL
S.NO NAME PLACE
CATEGORY

1 CH. PRASANNA KUMARI OGINALA SC

2 V. MALLESWARI GOLLANAPALLI SC
3 B. RAMAKOTESHWARI GOLLANAPALLI SC
4 D. VENKATESHWAR RAO GOLLANAPALLI OC
5 P. MADHU GOLLANAPALLI BC
6 P. ANIL KUMAR GOLLANAPALLI BC
7 Y. GANDHI GOLLANAPALLI OC
8 V. SESHAGIRI RAO KOMMURU OC
9 A. GURUVAIAH RANGANNAGUDEM BC
10 K. VENKATESHWAR RAO APPA RAO OC
11 V. KRISHNA MOHAN DANTAGUNTLA OC
12 K. KRISHNAKUMAR REMALLE OC
13 D. RAVI CHANDRA ANANTHASAGAR OC
14 N. RAMAKRISHNA MALAVALLI OC
15 CH. NAGESHWAR RAO VELERU BC
16 D. VENKATA RAO ARISTOTLE BC
17 M. RAMESH PEDALINGALA BC
18 T. SRIVALLI KAKULAPADU OC
19 D. YESUBABU GOLLANAPALLI SC
20 D. LAKSHMI GOLLANAPALLI SC
21 CH. TULASI BHAVANI KOLLUR SC
22 P. VIJAYA LAKSHMI KOYYURU BC
23 K. SRAVANI KESARAPALLI SC
24 SK. BHASHA VISSANNAPETA BC
25 V. SRINIVASA RAO VISSANNAPETA BC
26 B. RAJU KUMMARAGUNTA BC
27 B. RAJUGOPAL REPALLE OC
28 B. SANKAR A. KONDURU BC
29 CH. KRISHNA RAO REDDIGUDEM BC
30 B. MOHAN REDDY KODURU OC

40
 FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY ANIMALS (23.12.2021)

S.NO NAME PLACE SOCIAL CATEGORY

1 P. KARAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
2 T. DURGA AJJAMPUDI BC
3 K. MASTANAMMA AJJAMPUDI BC
4 A. RANGAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
5 M. SANTHAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
6 B. NAGAMANI AJJAMPUDI BC
7 D. BAAYAMMA AJJAMPUDI OC
8 D. MARIAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
9 K. MARTHAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
10 T. BABU RAO AJJAMPUDI SC
11 P. RANGAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
12 J. MARIAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
13 P. BABI AJJAMPUDI SC
Y.
14 AJJAMPUDI OC
KANAKARATNAM
15 B. DEVAMATHA AJJAMPUDI SC
16 V. SAROJANAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
17 V. MALLESWARI AJJAMPUDI SC
18 T. MALLESWARI AJJAMPUDI SC
19 D. SANDYA RANI AJJAMPUDI SC
20 A. SOORI AJJAMPUDI SC
21 K. JHANSI RANI AJJAMPUDI SC
22 K. RAJYA LAKSHMI AJJAMPUDI SC
23 CH, SUGUNAMMA AJJAMPUDI SC
24 K. BUJJI AJJAMPUDI SC
25 G. RANI AJJAMPUDI BC
26 P. SITAMMA AJJAMPUDI BC
27 K. RAMADEVI ATKURU BC
28 S. RAKESH VUYYURU OC
29 T. RAJESH VUYYURU OC
30 P. PAPA MANTHENA OC

41
 FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY ANIMALS (19.01.2022)

S.NO NAME PLACE SOCIAL CATEGORY

1 K. SRAVANTHI KESARAPALLI SC
2 M. CHINNMAI KESARAPALLI SC
3 N. PREETHI KESARAPALLI SC
4 K. SUDHARANI KESARAPALLI SC
5 P. RANI KESARAPALLI BC
6 J. SEREESHA KESARAPALLI SC
J.
7 KESARAPALLI SC
MARTHAMMA
8 J. BUJJI KESARAPALLI SC
9 G. JHANSI KESARAPALLI OC
10 P. CHINNI KESARAPALLI SC
11 T. AROGYAM KESARAPALLI BC
12 K. PANDU KESARAPALLI SC
13 J. SUBAMMA KESARAPALLI SC
14 CH. NAMITHA KESARAPALLI OC
15 P. SANTHI KESARAPALLI SC

The trained beneficiaries at the IOCL- built training centre for skill development though
small and marginal farmers expressed confidence that they would soon develop the potential
to become entrepreneurs. It is instructive to note that since the news of silage distribution
and training on various aspects of cattle farming has spread far and wide, farmers from
villages other than the four identified villages started evincing interest in participating in the
programme. This is reflected in the tables presented above. Prof Venkataseshaiah said that
now they are encouraged to impart training to more beneficiaries and a project proposal has
been submitted to the Government of Andhra Pradesh. The Minister of Animal Husbandry
and the Principal Secretary of the Department appreciated the project and were convinced of
the considerable reduction in the budget allocated to buy and distribute silage. They promised
to take up the project on a larger scale for the benefit of the farmers as it yielded multiple
benefits.

42
Methods of promotion:
Prof Venkataseshaiah said that they are printing booklets and brochures to be distributed in
villages around Gannavaram to promote the concept of silage bales at the fodder bank. They
are now working on the audio- visual methods of promotion of the concept. The Department
of Animal Husbandry and the Village Volunteers are also playing a key role in popularizing
the yearlong available readymade silage bales. This was witnessed by the researcher in
Vempadu village of Ungutur mandal where the Volunteers took the lead role in fetching not
only the beneficiaries but also the potential beneficiaries to the Gram Secretariat which was
the meeting spot of the researcher with the beneficiaries.

43
44
45
46
VISIT TO BBGUDEM (BAHUBALENDRUNIGUDEM)

47
Interviewing beneficiaries at the village

Interaction with the beneficiaries

48
Visited Silage Bales Distribution point along with the beneficiaries

49
Visited Bahubalendrunigudem milk society centre

Discussing Milk analysis at Milk society Centre

50
 Milk weighing machine

Milk weighing and quality check machine

51
Milk Sale, Quality and Quantity Report

52
VISIT TO ALLAPURAM

53
Research Assistants along with Prof. Venkata Seshaiah

Interaction with farmers at Allapuram village

54
Farmers expressing their experiences with the fodder bank

Writing analysis report

55
Beneficiaries / Farmers

Interaction with farmers

56
Interaction with farmers and officials of Animal Husbandry

57
Silage Bales Distribution Point at Allapuram Village

58
Silage Bales Distribution

59
VISIT TO ELUKAPADU

60
Interacting with beneficiaries / farmers at Elukapadu village

61
Beneficiaries / Famers listening to the questions and answering accordingly

Discussion on the replies of farmers

62
Interacting with farmers at Elukapdu village

63
64
Silage Bales Distribution point at Elukapadu village

Bales ready for Distribution

65
VISIT TO VEMPADU

66
Village Secretariat- Vempadu

Interviewing each farmer

67
Interaction with Beneficiaries/farmers at Vempadu village

Interviewing and filling interview schedule

68
Asking Questions regarding the social impact

69
Writing analysis after taking relevant information

Interacting with beneficiaries and farmers

70
 Bales distribution centre at Vempadu village

In all this is a worthy project undertaken by IOCL aiming at long-term benefits for the small
farmers of marginalized sections of the society. The news has reached far and wide and there
is demand from other villages. The project is worthy of replication elsewhere in the country
to accrue multiple benefits for the farmers, environment and society at large

71
 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Effect of fodder bank on soil organic carbon sequestration

Table 1: Effect of perennial fodder grass species on soil organic carbon % in fodder bank

Day SOC (%)

1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean
one 0.69 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.7 0.71 0.71
30 0.76 0.77 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.76
60 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.8 0.82
90 1.21 1.2 1.22 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.22
2nd cut 1.32 1.3 1.34 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.32
3rd cut 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.38 1.36
4th cut 1.42 1.45 1.42 1.43 1.42 1.43 1.43
5th cut 1.46 1.45 1.47 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.47

Table 2. Effect of perennial fodder grass species on soil bulk density in the fodder bank

Day SBD (Mg/m3 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean
one 0.65 0.68 0.62 0.61 0.62 0.61 0.63
30 0.71 0.73 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.78 0.75
60 0.93 0.97 0.95 0.94 0.98 0.96 0.96
90 1.13 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.15 1.14 1.13
2nd cut 1.28 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.27 1.27 1.25
3rd cut 1.31 1.32 1.3 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.32
4th cut 1.38 1.4 1.37 1.38 1.4 1.39 1.39
5th cut 1.42 1.43 1.41 1.43 1.44 1.46 1.43

Table 3: Effect of perennial fodder grass species on carbon sequestration in the fodder bank

Carbon
sequestration
Day SOC (%) SBD (Mg/m3) Depth (Tons)
one 0.71 0.63 30 13.45
30 0.76 0.75 30 16.99
60 0.82 0.96 30 23.54
90 1.22 1.13 30 41.25
2nd cut 1.32 1.25 30 49.63
3rd cut 1.36 1.32 30 53.59
4th cut 1.43 1.39 30 59.42
5th cut 1.47 1.43 30 62.92

72
 At a time when there are deep concerns on the environmental degradation globally,
the environmental consequences of the project need to be assessed in order to ascertain its
efficacy. In order to ascertain how the perennial fodder grass species contributed to carbon
sequestration, soil tests have been conducted. The percentage of organic carbon in the soil has
been measured. Soil as such contains organic matter from 2 to 10 per cent and the soil mass
has a key role in the chemical, physical and biological function of soils, especially
agricultural soils.

In table 1, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) percentage is calculated. The researcher took
six samples of grass and calculated the average of SOC percentage before intervention as
0.71. After 30 days the average of all samples is 0.76. per cent. Similarly, after 60 days the
average is 0.82 per cent, while after 90 days the average is 1.22 per cent. Thus, each cut takes
90 days. After the second cut the average of all six samples is 1.32. per cent. Similarly, after
the third cut the average stands at 1.36. per cent. After fourth cut the average counts up to
1.43 per cent. Finally, after the fifth cut, the average is 1.47 per cent. By this we can notice
that Soil organic carbon percentage in the said samples increased substantially from 0.71 to
1.47 thereby improving the quality of the soil.

Bulk density which is calculated as mg/m3 indicates soil compaction. It is derived by

dividing the dry weight of the soil by its volume. The volume includes the volumes of soil
particles and the pores among soil particles.

Table 2 shows the Soil Bulk Density (SBD) figures. The researcher took six samples
of perennial fodder species, where the average amount of SBD before intervention was 0.63
mg/m3. After 30 days the average of SBD of all samples is 0.75 mg/m3. Similarly, after 60
days the average SBD of all samples is 0.96 mg/m3. After 90 days the average SBD of all
samples is 1.13 mg/m3. Thus, each cut takes ninety days. After second cut, the average SBD
of all samples is 1.25 mg/m3. Similarly, after the third cut the average counts to 1.32 mg/m3.
After the fourth cut, the average stands at 1.39 mg/m3. Finally, after the fifth cut the average
is 1.43 mg/m3. By this we can observe that SBD in the said samples increased considerably
from 0.63 mg/m3 to 1.43 mg/m3.

Carbon sequestration means capturing and storing of atmospheric carbon dioxide in

soils, vegetation, oceans and geological formations. The process reduces the amount of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere thereby reducing global warming.

73
 Table 3 conveys the amount of Carbon Sequestration contributed by the perennial
fodder grass species in the project area. In this table the researcher took the average mean of
Soil Organic Carbon and Soil Bulk Density. It is to be noted that Soil organic carbon in
calculated in percentage while soil bulk density is calculated as mg/m3. Carbon Sequestration
(CS) is calculated in tons. For all samples the soil was taken from a depth of 30 cm. Before
intervention, the CS was 13.45 tons. After 30 days the CS rose to 16.99 tons. Similarly, after
60 days the CS stood at 23.54 tons. After 90 days the it rose to 41.25 tons. Thus, each cut
takes 90 days. After second cut the CS rose to 49.63 tons. Similarly, after third cut the CS
stood at 53. 59. After fourth cut, the CS improved to 59. 42 tons. Finally, after fifth cut the
CS stood at 62.92 tons. By this it is concluded that the CS before intervention was 13.45 tons.
But after the fifth cut the CS rose to 62.92 tons. This shows that CS on the whole has
increased substantially.

Other environmental benefits of the project:

- The tank water gets cleaned up as the toxins are absorbed by the roots of the grass and the
trees
on the bunds thereby reducing water pollution.
- The project improved and further improves the ecosystem. Various species of birds are

attracted to the water ecosystem

- It reduces air pollution

- It is helpful in drought prone areas and the Veterinary College at Kadapa is also trying to
apply

this formula there as it happens to be a drought prone area

- Water table can be recharged using this kind of a formula

- This helps in balancing the ecology and environment thereby contributing to
environmental sustainability.
-.

74
Birds on the Tank bund.

75
 6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Innovative methods and approaches are the need of the hour to mitigate losses and also to
maximize benefits particularly in the realm of agriculture. The project of establishing fodder
bank by reclaiming wasteland is innovative. But the credit goes to Indian Oil Corporation
Ltd. for coming forward to fund the project to its fruition by way of its Corporate Social
Responsibility. State Government loaded with numerous responsibilities may not be
forthcoming to fund such projects. Even if the Government evinces interest in funding the
project, it would be fraught with inordinate delays and given the room for corruption, there is
little possibility of the project reaching its logical conclusion by achieving its intended
results. It is here that leading companies should step in to fulfill their social responsibility.
This mammoth project was achieved with a total financial outlay of about Rs. 48. 00 lakhs. It
is instructive to note that if it were a Government funded project the outlay would have been
four times more than the fund spent by the Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

The uniqueness of the project lies in transforming the non-cultivable land into
cultivable one. Identifying the fodder species for a relatively quick growth and providing for
multiple cuts is highly beneficial. The low-cost production of the fodder enabled the NTR
College for Veterinary Sciences to sell the silage bale at a cost of Rs. 2 a Kg. The fodder
especially super Napier variety proved to be superior in quality when compared with the
native grass. It also proved to be nutritious and rich in protein. It proved to be useful to the
marginal farmers especially in the summer season. The study revealed that it was useful even
in the rainy season as water logging prevented the farmers from procuring the grass and
whatever was procured was rendered useless as the cattle did not like the grass.

The fodder was helpful in the improvement the quantity and quality of milk. The
farmers also stated that improvement in the quality of milk in turn improved their health.
There was conspicuous rise in the fat content of the milk. As a result, the farmers have
increased the price of one litre of milk from Rs.60/- a Kg to Rs. 70/- a Kg. The silage
produced at NTR College of Veterinary Science has become so popular that landless farmers
from various other villages are reaching the Fodder bank to collect the silage bales. Now the
College is seeking the help of Village volunteers to ascertain that the farmers approaching
them for silage belong to the "below poverty line" category.

The Training imparted to the farmers towards cattle management and techniques of
breeding, etc. has been of immense help in creating awareness among them. The IOCL has

76
identified a potential area in the form of establishing training infrastructure to disseminate
knowledge among farmers.

Project worthy of Replication:

- This project if replicated widely in potential areas would reduce the burden on the
government in terms of price and procurement.
- It is helpful in drought prone areas and the Veterinary College at Kadapa is also trying to
apply this formula there as it happens to be a drought prone area
- Migration of landless people can be arrested in the long run
- Calf mortality rate can be reduced given the nutritional value of the silage
- It generates self-employment
- Dependence of certain sections of the society on MNREGS can be reduced
- Trees on the bunds purify water and reduce pollution
- In the semi-urban areas there are no green pastures for grazing. In such places silages can be
of great help to the farmers.
- It reduces toxicity in cattle in the urban and semi-urban areas where assured fodder is not
available and where the cattle consume dangerous material out of hunger.
- It helps in the social mobility of the small and marginal farmers as there is a visible change
in the income of the beneficiary.
- This addresses the problem of seasonal unemployment due to the yearlong availability of
fodder.
- This helps in balancing the ecology and environment thereby contributing to
environmental sustainability.
- This silage can be fed to not only buffalos and cows but also sheep, horses, camels,
donkeys, etc.
- This can be of great use to zoo parks where huge amount is spent on the food of herbivorous
animals.
- Water table can be recharged using this kind of a formula.
If leading companies utilize the CSR funds judiciously by identifying innovative projects like
this, it would produce recurring benefits. This project accrues a chain of benefits. Apart from
distribution of silage to the identified farmers and training them in various aspects of cattle
farming, it also contributes to environmental sustainability which is a growing global
concern. Satisfaction on the part of each farmer interviewed was palpable. Thus the project
richly helps the marginalized farmers in the villages to join the mainstream in the long run
thereby fulfilling the Constitutional mandate.

77
 Annexure
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY ON IOCL'S CSR
PROJECT- ESTABLISHMENT OF FODDER BANK AND SKILL BASED TRAINING
FACILITY FOR YOUTH AND FARMERS AT GANNAVARAM IN ANDHRA
PRADESH

Background Information:

1. Name
2. Father's /Husband's Name
3. Gender
4. Age
5. Education
6. Name of the Village
7. Social Category
8. Mobile
9. Main source of income
10. Ration card
11. Whether possessing any agriculture land
12. If yes, Ownership status
13. Extent of land
14. Ownership status of cattle
Owned Loaned from dairy/ rural bank
15. Insurance status of the cattle
16. Whether the individual/ family belong to BPL (Below Poverty Line)
17. Employment
Gender Male Female
Age Group (Years)
Unemployed
Unpaid Family Worker
Employment Self-employed/small business
Wage / Salaried
Others

Project Information

a) Are vocational skills helping to improve knowledge and attain any type of
employment?
Yes / No
b) If yes, status of the individual and type of employment
c) Women status before training
d) Women status after training
e) Opinion of the individual regarding the environment sustainability
f) Availability of the Veterinary Doctor.
g) How did the individual know about fodder grass?
h) Consumption of fodder grass quantity per day

78
i) Health status of the livestock before consuming fodder grass
j) Health status of the livestock after consuming fodder grass
k) Quality of milk before consuming fodder grass
l) Quality of milk after consuming fodder grass
m) Status of calf birth rate before consuming fodder
n) Status of calf birth rate after consuming fodder
o) Immunity of the livestock before consuming fodder
p) Immunity of the livestock after consuming fodder
q) Individual overall opinion regarding fodder cultivation
r) Individual satisfied with IOCL training and interested in participating further trainings
s) Individual satisfaction regarding silage bales distribution.
t) Any recommendations regarding silage bales.
u) Income produced due to before fodder consumption
v) Income produced after silage production
w) Any other food using external to fodder for milk production
x) If yes, what is the quantity

79