NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

MODULE 1
GENERAL CONCEPTS OF CHARACTER

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
▪ understand the meaning of character formation,
▪ recognized the contributing factors, and
▪ distinguish nationalism to patriotism.

CHARACTER
The term was derived from the Greek word “charassein” referring to an
engraving instrument; originally used of a mark impressed upon a coin or the
mark cut by it. Then it was applied to a distinctive mark of the personality;
and gradually, to the sum total of such marks, each individual one is being
called characteristics (Bartemeir, 2009)
Basically, character is defined as a psychological notion that refers to
all the habitual ways of feeling and reacting of a person that distinguish one
individual from another. It is the trade mark of being a person.

WHAT IS CHARACTER FORMATION?

Character formation as defined by Donald (2006), it is the process by
which the individual, through interaction of biologically transmitted
predispositions with the environment, develops stable pattern of functioning,
thinking and feeling. It is also known as Character Building.
It is the deeply internalized patterns of values and attitudes and the
consequent actions that are often establishment in precognitive times of life
through the natural and normal educational patterns that are appropriate for
young children.
Nursing, weaning, toiler training, birth of siblings and the early
relationship to the parents (especially to the mother) are some of the examples
of character formation. Character traits are usually formed through the
identification with parents and other important adults in the child’s
environment.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS FOR CHARACTER FORMATION

1. Parental Influence

1 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Parental influence is the most important of all the factors

responsible for personality development. The way parents behave with the
child, how much he is allowed to socialize, the kind of culture he is
subjected to and the emotional make – up of his parents, all these have
a great bearing on the child’s mental growth. In early stage of their
human existence, children adapt their parent’s mannerisms. Thus, parents
should be careful in their ways for they establish a great influence to
their children’s character.
2. Home Environment
Home as cradle of human character and personality largely contribute
to the character formation of a child. It is said that the parents are
the first educators of the children. It is their parental guidance and
discipline that creates the kind of character, personality and attitude
the child has. Parents should make sure that the child incorporates the
positive emotions in his personality and stays away from the negative
ones. A child needs both his parents, to develop his personality. An
absentee father can be a negative influence on the child. To make a child
a confident, positive person, parents should avoid being too
authoritative, trying to discipline excessively criticizing the child,
discouraging him, comparing him with others and being partial.
3. School Environment
To perfect the total development of a child’s character and
attitude, besides the home environment, a child’s school environment too
plays a major role in shaping a child’s personality. Once a child starts
going to school, he learns how to interact and deal with his peers. He
comes to know how to engage in “playing” according to the rules and
regulations. He gets educated, learns how to read, write and communicate
effectively. A child’s personality is greatly influenced by the way he is
treated at school, both by his teachers as well as his peers. The school
reinforce the education that the child needs that home fails to provide
4. Culture
Everyone has different character and values because of the different
culture where everyone is exposed. Sociologists found out that different
cultures have different values and a child grows up with them, sub –
consciously absorbing the same. Influence of culture in personality and
social development cannot be ignored. Those who were born and grown up in
western countries are influenced to be individualistic and competitive,

2 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

while those children brought up in Asian, African and South American

countries are taught to be cooperative.

What is Nationalism?
Nationalism is a devotion of love for one’s country. It means to give
more importance to unity by way of a cultural background, including language
and heritage.
It implies to a person that his country is the most superior among other
countries and he will defend it no matter what.
Types of Nationalism
1. Ethnic. Nationalism focuses on shared ethnic identity, seen in common
language, racial group, etc.
2. Political. Nationalism focuses on loyalty to the political state in which
one resides--to its ideology and political system. In its formation, the
United States served as an example of this form of nationalism, uniting
around a shared idea.
3. Cultural. Nationalism sits between ethnic and political nationalism,
incorporating features of both. It focuses on shared traditions within a
country. Though it may have some connection to ethnic commonality, the
greater emphasis is on shared experience and national traditions.
4. Religious. Nationalism sees a connection between a particular religious
identity and national identity. A Muslim nation that operates under Sharia
law would be an example. The United States can also be an example if/when
people describe the US as "a Christian nation" and see patriotism aligning
with principles of the Christian religion.

What is Patriotism?
It is a devotion to one’s country for no other country. It is a common
virtue that pertains to the love for a nation, with more emphasis on values and
beliefs. One who is patriotic will be ready to make any sacrifice for his
country. He will never live selfishly for himself alone. A soldier for instance
makes the supreme sacrifice of his life for the sake of his country.

Types of Patriotism
According to Samuel D. James (he is a blogger) we have 3 types of
Patriotism will be discussed below:
1. Patriotism of Duty. It is the patriotism that involves material acts of
fidelity to one’s country. This is the patriotism of military service and

3 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

other varieties of selfless sacrifice. This is where patriotism becomes

embodied, and its ideals take on specific actions worthy of praise.
2. Patriotism of Affection. It is the patriotism of the heart. It concerns
one’s inner desire for the well-being of his country. The patriotism of
affection can be seen in the patriotism of duty, but it does not
necessarily result in it; one can genuinely love his country and yet be
a coward, just like one could theoretically perform a patriotic duty and
yet feel apathetic about the welfare of the country.
3. Patriotism of Manners. It is the patriotism of customs, written and
unwritten. Placing one’s hand over the heart during the national anthem
is the patriotism of manners. It can be done by anyone without requiring
real patriotism of affection or of duty. Whereas the above forms of
patriotism reveal, at least partially, a person’s true beliefs and hopes,
the patriotism of manners is mostly establishing a set of protocols.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Nationalism and patriotism are often used interchangeably, meaning one

for the other. There is, however, a wide distinction between nationalism and
patriotism as political concepts.
Nationalism means love, care of one’s native land and everything in it-
the country of birth of a national, whether it be Filipino or otherwise while
Patriotism is the willingness and determination to lay down one’s life for the
fatherland - the constant resolve to sacrifice one’s life and limb for the total
realization of that love for the country, which is nationalism.
To be a Filipino nationalist, therefore, the ethnological ramifications
of nationalism must all be present in one’s being. This implies a heartfelt
dedication for love, care, and preservation of the Philippines and everything
that is identified with it: the Philippine territory, the inhabitants,
Philippine sovereignty, its government, all things that represent and symbolize
the country; the aspiration, hopes, dreams need of the Filipino people.
To be patriotic is to be nationalistic. Conversely, one cannot be
patriotic without being nationalistic.
The famous poet Rabindranath Tagore, a great patriot, said that patriotism
is more important than nationalism.
• A patriot loves his own country, but he does not hate the people of other
countries.

4 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

• A nationalist might consider his own nation important and hate the people
of other nations.
• A patriotic is international in his outlook. He is broad-minded and
tolerant. He is a citizen of the world.
• A nationalist may be narrow-minded. He may think in terms of his own
country and hate all those who are not in countrymen.

Who is patriot and nationalist between Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio?
They are both nationalist and patriotic but they had a difference the
main difference between Rizal and Bonifacio that is the following:
• Jose Rizal is part of the upper class while Andres Bonifacio is part of
the lower class.
• Jose Rizal advocates a peaceful separation of Spain from the Philippines
while Andres Bonifacio, he advocated for a violent revolution.
• Bonifacio, a peasant from Tondo, was an orphan in his teenage years. The
family was so poor that he had to sell canes and paper fans to support
his brothers and sisters. He never went to formal schools, and taught
himself by self-study while Rizal was the favorite youngest son who was
nurtured by a devoted mother, financially supported by a rather distant
but caring father, protected by a self-sacrificing elder brother, and
doted on and spoiled by his sisters. He was given the best education in
Letran, Sto. Tomas and Ateneo and was sent to Madrid, Paris and other
countries to pursue higher studies.
• Rizal was dating all sorts of women—European, Japanese and Filipinas while
Bonifacio was organizing the Katipunan under cover of darkness.

APPENDIX A. Module 1 Practical Exercises, pages 31 to 32

MODULE 2
SYMBOLS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
▪ Determine the different symbols of the Philippine Nation;
▪ Identify the list of unofficial national symbols of the Philippines;
▪ Classify the parts of the Philippine Flag.

5 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

SYMBOLS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATION

1. National Flag. It was defined by the

National Historical Commission of the
Philippines, it is made of silk, had a white
equilateral triangle at the left containing
a sunburst of eight rays at the center, a
five-pointed star at each angle of the
triangle, an upper stripe of blue and a lower stripe of red.
2. National Anthem. The Philippine national anthem is entitled “Lupang
Hinirang” and composed by Julian Felipe.
3. National Flower. The Philippine national flower is called
“sampaguita” which is generally known as the Arabian Jasmine.
Its white color symbolizes purity, simplicity, humility and
strength.
4. National Tree. The Philippine national tree is called “narra” generally
known as rosewood. It was made official by Gov. Gen.
Frank Murphy through Proclamation No. 652 s. 1934. In
fact, under the DENR Memorandum Order dated February
5, 2013, cutting of Narra needs to be approved by the
DENR Central Office, particularly by the Office of the
Undersecretary for field Operations.

5. National Bird. The Philippine national bird is

called “Philippine eagle” scientifically known as
Pithecophaga jefferyi. It was made official in 1978
by former President Ferdinand Marcos through
Proclamation No. 1732.

6. National Gem. The Philippine national gem is called “Philippine Pearl” as

declared by Former President Fidel V. Ramos through Proclamation No. 905
s. 1996. It is scientifically known as Pinctada Maxima. In fact, world’s
largest pearl was discovered by a Filipino diver in a giant Tridacna
(mollusc) under the Palawan Sea in 1934.
7. National Sport. Arnis is to the Philippines like Japan’s Karate and
Korea’s Taekwondo. It’s both a martial art and a sport whose origins are
still largely unconfirmed because of lack of documentation. It’s known by

6 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

two other names: Kali and Eskrima, and makes

use of both bladed weapons, batons/sticks, and
bare hands. It became a national symbol in 2009
when then-Pres. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed
Republic Act 9850 into law.

LIST OF OUR COUNTRY’S UNOFFICIAL NATIONAL SYMBOLS

1. National Leaf. It was often referred to as the National Leaf,

the anahaw or round-leaf fountain palm is not part of the country’s
national symbols. Normally seen in the countryside as a roofing
material, anahaw leaves are seen as decorative pieces/plants in the
metro.
2. National Fruit. It is a common sight in Philippine wet and dry markets,
the mango has long been seen as the National fruit. As popular as it is
for making desserts, there is no law that proclaims it as a national
symbol.
3. National Animal. If common men have dogs as their best friend, then the
carabao or Philippine water buffalo is the Filipino farmer’s best friend.
They’re beasts of burden, able to do almost everything that needs to be
done on the rice fields, including carry the farmer and his goods. But,
without any laws to recognize them, they’ll remain an unofficial symbol
of the country.
4. National House. The humble bahay kubo or nipa hut is still seen in some
parts of the country, particularly in the provinces. While it has long
been a symbol of Filipino homes, it has not been recognized as a national
symbol.
5. National fish. The bangus or milkfish has long been seen as the country’s
national fish, yet without a law, it’s status will never be official.
6. National Dance. The battle has raged on between which should be recognized
as the National Dance Tinikling or Cariñosa.
7. National dish. It is still-to-be-settled debate has also raged online
between those who love sinigang (sour soup) and those who love adobo as
to which should be recognized as the national dish.
NATIONAL FLAG OF THE PHILIPPINES
The earlier design of the current Philippine flag was conceptualized by
Emilio Aguinaldo during his exile in British Hong Kong in 1897. The first flag
was sewn by Marcela Mariño Agoncillo, with the help of her daughter Lorenza and

7 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Delfina Herbosa Natividad (a niece of Propagandista José Rizal). It was first

displayed in the Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898.
PARTS OF THE PHILIPPINE FLAG
The Philippine national flag has a rectangular design that consists of
the following:
1. White Equilateral Triangle – it was symbolized Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity;
2. Horizontal blue stripe - it was symbolized for Peace, Truth, and Justice.
3. Horizontal red stripe – it was symbolized for Patriotism and Valor.
4. 8 Rays – it was represented the province with significant involvement in
the 1896 Philippine Revolution against Spain; these provinces are Manila,
Bulacan, Cavite, Pampanga, Tarlac, Laguna, Batangas and Nueva Ecija.
5. 3 Five - Pointed Stars- it was stand for the three major island groups
where the revolution started: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
6. In the center of the white triangle is an eight-rayed golden sun-
symbolizing Unity, Freedom, People's democracy, and Sovereignty.

APPENDIX B. Module 2 Practical Exercises, pages 33 to 34

MODULE 3
EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE FLAG

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
• understand the evolution of the Philippine Flag; and
• identify the significant information about the history of the
Philippine Flag

EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE FLAG

The first Filipino flag can be traced from the
time of the Andres Bonifacio's secret society named:
Kataastaasang Kagalanggalang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan (Highest and Most Honorable Society of the Sons
of the Nation) or the Katipunan or KKK for short. Benita Rodriquez and
Bonifacio's wife, Gregoria de Jesus, made the first Filipino flag.
The first Philippine flags was made of red cloth with white
KKK initials sewn in white. The red color symbolized the blood of the members

8 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

of the Katipunan in which inductee to the society signed in their names with
their own blood.
1892 to 1896
The Filipino flag had variations. Some members
arranged the KKK in a triangle while some generals of the
revolutio n designed their own flags.
1. Black Banner of General Mariano Llanera in Nueva
Ecija with a letter K and a skull with two cross
bones underneath.

2. Flag of General Pio del Pilar. It had

an equilateral triangle with a K at each angle
with a rising sun behind a mountain.

3. Flag of General Gregorio del Pilar. It was during

the Battle of Pasong Balite and at the Battle of
Tirad Pass. This Filipino flag is similar to the flag
of Cuba, according to del Pilar.
1896
The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan in Cavite
headed by General Emilio Aguinaldo had a red ensign
with a sun and at the center of the sun is the letter
K written in the ancient Filipino alphabet.

1897
Another variation is the Sun of Liberty of the Naic Assembly
and it was the used by the Republic of Biak na Bato.

1898
Emilio Aguinaldo while in exile in Hong Kong had a banner sewn with the
triangle of the Masonry with the mythical sun and face with 8 rays representing
the 8 provinces that revolted against the Spanish rule (Manila, Cavite, Bulacan,
Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas) and 3 stars representing
the main island groups: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

THE HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE FLAG

Revolutionary Beginnings
1898 to 1901

9 | Page
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

On May 28, 1898, days after the return of General Emilio Aguinaldo from
exile in Hong Kong, Filipino troops were once again engaged in a battle against
Spanish forces in Alapan, Cavite.
It was in this skirmish that the Philippine flag was first unfurled as
the revolutionary standard. Sewn in Hong Kong by Filipino expatriates and
brought to the country by Aguinaldo, the flag was a tri-color featuring red and
blue with a white triangle framing three yellow stars and an anthropomorphic
eight-rayed sun.
Half a month later, on June 12, 1898, following the proclamation of
independence from Spain, the same flag was waved by at Aguinaldo’s residence in
Kawit, Cavite, as the Marcha Nacional Filipina played.
Throughout the Filipino Revolutionary War until the capture of Aguinaldo
that precipitated the end of the Philippine-American War, the flag of the same
design was flown with the red field on top to denote a state of war. Aguinaldo
wrote about this unique feature of the Philippine flag in a letter to Captain
Emmanuel A. Baja dated June 11, 1925.
Upon Aguinaldo’s capture, the Philippine Republic was abolished; the
American Insular Government, under the jurisdiction of the U.S. War Department,
was established. With the war over and Philippine leaders officially accepting
American sovereignty over the islands, the Philippine flag was flown with the
blue field on top. It was to be displayed that way henceforth during peacetime.
American Occupation and the Commonwealth Government
1901 to 1907
For six years, the Philippine flag and other banners and emblems of the
Katipunan continued to proliferate. In response, the Philippine Commission,
dominated by Americans, passed Act No. 1697 or the Flag Law of 1907, which
outlawed the display of the Philippine flag and replaced the country’s flag to
the stars and stripes of the United States of America. The same law prohibited
the playing of the national anthem.
1919 to 1936
It took 11 years until the Philippine Legislature, finally in the hands
of elected Filipino representatives and senators, repealed the Flag Law, through
the efforts of Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, and reinstated the
Philippine flag as the official standard of the nation. Modifications were made
to Aguinaldo’s flag: The sun no longer had anthropomorphic features, and its
rays were stylized. This design would be used from 1919 until the inauguration
of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935.

10 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

1919 to 1941
Flag day was celebrated on October of every year by virtue of Proclamation
No. 18, issued by Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison in commemoration of
the day the Flag Law was repealed.
Months after the inauguration of the Commonwealth, President Manuel L.
Quezon issued Executive Order No. 23, s. 1936, instituting the description and
specifications of the Filipino flag, which would remain in effect until the
Second World War. Throughout this period, the American and Philippine flags
flew side-by-side.
President Manuel L. Quezon, in 1941, moved the commemoration of Flag Day
from October to June 12. This marks the first instance that June 12, the date
of Aguinaldo’s proclamation, was commemorated.
The Second Republic and the Second World War
1936 to 1941
Bombing attacks on the Philippines and the American naval base at Pearl
Harbor plunged the United States of America into war with Japan and the Axis
powers. President Quezon issued Executive Order No. 386, s. 1941, mandating all
Philippine flags to be flown with the red field on top to signify a state of
war.
Meanwhile, the Second Philippine Republic was established in the islands
under the auspices of the Empire of Japan, with Jose P. Laurel serving as
president. The flag was raised by former President Emilio Aguinaldo and General
Artemio Ricarte during the inaugural of the Second Republic on October 14, 1943.
Laurel issued Executive Order No. 17, s. 1943, which essentially brought back
the Aguinaldo design of the Philippine flag. This flag would eventually be
displayed with the red stripe up in 1944, when the Second Republic declared
that it was under a State of War.
1943 to 1944
From 1943 until the end of the War in the Pacific, two versions of the
Philippine flag existed: the Commonwealth flag used by the Government-in-exile
based in Washington D.C., as well as by guerrillas in the islands, and the
Aguinaldo flag used by the Japanese-sponsored government. Following the
surrender of Japan and the liberation of the Philippines, the latter’s use would
be discontinued with the dissolution of the Second Republic.
In the aftermath of World War II, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was
restored and with it the specifications of the Philippine flag in accordance
with Executive Order No. 23, s. 1936. On July 4, 1946, Philippine independence
was recognized by the United States, giving birth to the Third Republic of the

11 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Philippines. In ceremonies held at what is now Luneta, United States High

Commissioner to the Philippines Paul V. McNutt and Philippine President Manuel
Roxas lowered the American flag for the last time and in its stead rose the
Philippine flag to henceforth fly alone on Philippine soil, except in military
bases still held and occupied by the United States Armed Forces. Starting May
1, 1957, the Philippine flag was raised beside the U.S. flag in U.S. military
bases in the Philippines.
Third, Fourth, and Fifth Republics
1985 to 1986
Commonwealth-era specifications, in accordance with Executive Order No. 23, s.
1936, would remain in effect throughout the Third and Fourth Republics until
1985, when President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Executive Order No. 1010, s.
1985, changing the shade of blue of the Philippine Flag from navy blue to light
blue. The change was due to a longstanding debate among historians concerning
the original shade of blue used in the national flag. Debates centered on
whether Cuban blue (since the flag was patterned on some aspects of Cuba’s
national flag), or sky-blue (based on written accounts by some revolutionaries
as well as a watercolor from the era), or navy blue (based on the colors of the
American flag) was used. Ocampo says the actual color used—pale sky blue—owed
less to historical precedent and more to available cloth supplies at the time.
The change in color proved unpopular. After the EDSA revolution of 1986,
President Corazon C. Aquino restored the pre-martial law specifications of the
National flag through Executive Order No. 292, s. 1987, yet again in accordance
with Commonwealth regulations. Under her term, the Philippine Senate rejected
the Bases Treaty with the United States, thus putting an end to more than 90
years of American military presence in the Philippines—in particular, the
sprawling naval base in Subic Bay and the Clark Airfield in Pampanga. As the
American flag was lowered in these areas, it marked the last time a foreign
flag would fly in Philippine territory.
Commonwealth regulations were maintained until 1998, when Republic Act.
No. 8491 or the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines” was enacted, changing
the shade of blue once again from navy to royal, viewed as a suitable historical
compromise to settle earlier debates. These are the specifications in use today.
1985 to 1986
Commonwealth-era specifications, in accordance with Executive Order No.
23, s. 1936, would remain in effect throughout the Third and Fourth Republics
until 1985, when President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Executive Order No. 1010,
s. 1985, changing the shade of blue of the Philippine Flag from navy blue to

12 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

light blue. The change was due to a longstanding debate among historians
concerning the original shade of blue used in the national flag. Debates
centered on whether Cuban blue (since the flag was patterned on some aspects of
Cuba’s national flag), or sky-blue (based on written accounts by some
revolutionaries as well as a watercolor from the era), or navy blue (based on
the colors of the American flag) was used. Ocampo says the actual color used—
pale sky blue—owed less to historical precedent and more to available cloth
supplies at the time.
The change in color proved unpopular. After the EDSA revolution of 1986,
President Corazon C. Aquino restored the pre-martial law specifications of the
National flag through Executive Order No. 292, s. 1987, yet again in accordance
with Commonwealth regulations. Under her term, the Philippine Senate rejected
the Bases Treaty with the United States, thus putting an end to more than 90
years of American military presence in the Philippines—in particular, the
sprawling naval base in Subic Bay and the Clark Airfield in Pampanga. As the
American flag was lowered in these areas, it marked the last time a foreign
flag would fly in Philippine territory.
Commonwealth regulations were maintained until 1998, when Republic Act.
No. 8491 or the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines” was enacted, changing
the shade of blue once again from navy to royal, viewed as a suitable historical
compromise to settle earlier debates. These are the specifications in use today.
1998 to Present

APPENDIX C. Module 3 Practical Exercises, page 35

MODULE 4
REPUBLIC ACT 8491
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students are expected to understand the
important provisions of Republic Act 8491.

REPUBLIC ACT 8491

An Act Prescribing the Code of The National Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-
Of-Arms and Other Heraldic Items and Devices Of The Philippines.

IMPORTANT PROVISION OF REPUBLIC ACT 8491

13 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

SECTION 1. Short Title — This act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code
of the Philippines.”
SECTION 4. The flag of the Philippines shall be blue, white and red with an
eight-rayed golden-yellow sun and three five-pointed stars, as consecrated and
honored by the people.
SECTION 5. The flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official
residences public plazas, and institutions of learning everyday throughout the
year.
SECTION 6. The flag shall be permanently hoisted, day and night throughout the
year, in front of the following; at Malacanang Palace; the Congress of the
Philippines building; Supreme Court building; the Rizal Monument in Luneta,
Manila; Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite; Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan;
the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga Bayani; Mausuleo de los
Beteranos dela Revolucion; all International Ports of Entry and all other places
as maybe designated by the Institute. The flag shall be properly illuminated at
night.
SECTION 7. The flag shall also be displayed in private buildings and residences
or raised in the open flag-staffs in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw
ngKagitingan); May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National Flag Day) to June 12
(Independence Day); last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day); November 30
(Bonifacio Day); and December 30 (Rizal Day); and on such other days as may be
declared by the President and/or local chief executives.
The flag may also be displayed throughout the year in private buildings
or offices or raised in the open on flag-staffs in front of private buildings:
Provided, that they observe flag-raising ceremonies in accordance with the rules
and regulations to be issued by the Office of the President.
SECTION 10. The flag, if flown from a flagpole, shall have its blue field on
top in time of peace and the red field on top in time of war; if in a hanging
position, the blue field shall be to the right (left of the observer) in time
of peace, and the red field to the right (left of the observer) in time of war.
SECTION 14. A flag worn out through wear and tear shall not be thrown away. It
shall be solemnly burned to avoid misuse or desecration. The flag shall be
replaced immediately when it begins to show signs of wear and tear.
SECTION 16. The flag may be displayed:
a. Inside or outside-a building or on a stationary flagpole. If the flag is
displayed indoors on a flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the
observer as one enters the room;

14 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

b. From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a

commanding position in relation to the surrounding buildings;
c. From a staff projecting upward from the window sill, canopy, balcony or
facade of a building.
d. In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to pole
erected away from the building;
e. Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top; and
f. Hanging in a vertical position across a street, with the blue field
pointing east, if the road is heading south or north, or pointing north
if the road is heading east or west.
g. The flag shall not be raised when the weather is inclement. If already
raised, the flag shall not be lowered.
SECTION 17. The flag shall be hoisted to the top briskly and lowered
ceremoniously.
The flag shall never touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, flood,
water or other objects. After being lowered, the flag shall be handled and
folded solemnly as part of the ceremony.
SECTION 21. During the flag-raising ceremony, the assembly shall stand in
formation racing the flag. At the moment the first note of the anthem is heard,
everyone in the premises shall come to attention; moving vehicles shall stop.
All people present shall place their right palms over their chests, those with
hats shall uncover, while those in military, scouting, security guard, and
citizens military training uniforms shall give salute prescribed by their
regulations, which salute shall be completed upon the last note of the anthem.
The assembly shall sing the Philippine national anthem, accompanied by a
band, r available, and at the first note, the flag shall be raised briskly. The
same procedure shall be observed when the flag is passing in review or in
parade.
SECTION 22. During the flag lowering, the flag shall be lowered solemnly and
slowly so that the flag shall be down the mast at the sound of the last note of
the anthem. Those in the assembly shall observe the same deportment or shall
observe the same behavior as for the flag-raising ceremony.
SECTION 23. The flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all
buildings and places where it is displayed, as provided for in this Act, on the
day of official announcement of the death of any of the following officials:
a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;
b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days; and

15 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

c. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for any period less than
seven (7) days.
The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where
the decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment
of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the
House of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the
Institute.
The flag when flown at half-mast shall be first hoisted to the peak for
a moment then lowered to the half-mast position. The flag shall again be raised
briskly to the peak before it is lowered for the day.
SECTION 24. The flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of
the military, veterans of previous wars, national artists, and of civilians who
have rendered distinguished service to the nation, as maybe determined by the
local government unit concerned. In such cases, the flag shall be placed such
that the white triangle shall be at the head and the blue portion shall cover
the right side of the caskets. The flag shall not be lowered to the grave or
allowed to touch the ground, but shall be folded solemnly and handed over to
the heirs of the deceased.

SECTION 25. The following shall be the Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine
Flag:
Ako ay Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan, at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos,
Makatao,
Makakalikasan, at
Makabansa.
Such pledge shall be recited while standing with the right-hand palm open
raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit
them from making such pledge must nonetheless show full respect when the pledge
is being rendered by standing at attention.
SECTION 26. The period from May 28 to June 12 of each year is declared as Flag
Days, during which period all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of

16 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

government, business establishments, institutions of learning and private homes

are enjoined to display the flag.
PROHIBITED ACTS
SECTION 34. It shall be prohibited:
a. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample, on or cast contempt any act or
omission casting dishonor or ridicule upon the flag over its surface;
b. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;
c. To use the flag:
1. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
2. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues or other objects;
3. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
4. As a staff or whip;
5. For unveiling monuments or statues; and
6. As trademarks or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels
or designs.
d. Display the flag:
1. Under any painting or picture;
2. Horizontally face-up. It shall always be hoisted aloft and be
allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform; or
4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling
joints and places of vice or where frivolity prevails.
e. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform;
f. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisements,
or imprint of any nature on the flag;
g. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs,
napkins, cushions, and other articles of merchandise;
h. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other
diplomatic establishments, and in offices of international organizations.
i. To use, display or be part of any advertisement of infomercial; and
j. To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

CHAPTER II
THE NATIONAL ANTHEM

SECTION 35. The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

17 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

SECTION 36. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language
v/ithin or without the country. The following shall be the lyrics of the National
Anthem.
Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng silanganan
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay.
Lupang hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y
Tagumpay na nagniningning;
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma’y di magdidilim.
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya na ‘pag may mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa ‘yo.
SECTION 37. The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall
be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.
SECTION 38. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether
by a band or by singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending
public shall sing the anthem. The singing must be done with fervor.
As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the
Philippine flag, if there is one displayed, and if there is none, they shall
face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons shall execute a
salute by placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in military,
scouting, citizen’s military training and security guard uniforms shall give
the salute prescribed by their regulations. The salute shall be completed upon
the last note of the anthem.
The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or
entertainment purposes except on the following occasions:

18 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

a. International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has

a representative;
b. Local competitions;
c. During “signing off” and “signing on” of radio broadcasting and
television stations;
d. Before the initial and last screening of films or before the opening
of theater performances; and
e. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute.

SECTION 39. All officials and employees of the national and local governments,
and any agencies or instrumentalities thereof, including government-owned or
controlled corporations, privately-owned entities of offices displaying the
national flag and government institutions of learning are hereby directed to
comply strictly with the rules prescribed for the rendition of the anthem.
Failure to observe the rules shall be a ground for administrative discipline.
SECTION 40. The national Motto shall be “MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT
MAKABANSA.”

CHAPTER VII
PENALTIES
SECTION 50. Any person or judicial entity which violates any of the provisions
of this Act shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not less than Five
thousand pesos (5,000.00) not more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00), or
by imprisonment for not more than one (1) year, or both such fine and
imprisonment, at the discretion of the court: Provided, That for any second and
additional offenses, both fine and imprisonment shall always be imposed:
Provided, That in case the violation is committed by a juridical person, its
President or Chief Executive Officer thereof shall be liable.

APPENDIX D. Module 4 Practical Exercises, pages 36 to 37

MODULE 5
NATIONAL ANTHEM OF THE PHILIPPINES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
▪ determine the national anthem of the Philippines; and

19 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

▪ identify the different version of the Lupang Hinirang.

NATIONAL ANTHEM OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippine national anthem is entitled “Lupang Hinirang” and composed
by Julian Felipe. “Lupang Hinirang” was first played publicly on June 12,
1898 during the proclamation of Philippine Independence. Its lyrics were adopted
from the Spanish poem, Filipinas, which was written by José Palma.
Spanish, Tagalog and English versions of the national anthem have been
given official status throughout Philippine history. However, only the most
recent and current "Filipino" version is officially recognized by law.
The Flag and Heraldic Code, approved on February 12, 1998 specifies,
Lupang Hinirang, "The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national
language within or without the country"; violation of the law is punishable by
a fine and imprisonment.

LYRICS OF ORIGINAL SPANISH VERSION

MARCHA NACIONAL FILIPINA (1899)
PENNED BY JOSE PALMA

Tierra adorada
Hija del sol de Oriente,
Su fuego ardiente
En ti latiendo está.

Patria de amores!
Del heroísmo cuna,
Los invasores
No te hallarán jamás.

En tu azul cielo, en tus auras,

En tus montes y en tu mar
Esplende y late el poema
De tu amada libertad.

Tu pabellón, que en las lides

La victoria iluminó,
No verá nunca apagados
Sus estrellas y su sol.

20 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Tierra de dichas, del sol y amores,

En tu regazo dulce es vivir.
Es una gloria para tus hijos,
Cuando te ofenden, por ti morir.

LYRICS OF ENGLISH VERSION

THE PHILIPPINE HYMN (1938)
TRANSLATED BY CAMILO OSIAS
Land of the morning
Child of the sun returning
With fervor burning
Thee do our souls adore.

Land dear and holy,

Cradle of noble heroes,
Ne'er shall invaders
Trample thy sacred shores.

Ever within thy skies and through thy clouds

And o'er thy hills and sea
Do we behold the radiance, feel the throb
Of glorious liberty

Thy banner dear to all our hearts

Its sun and stars alight,
Oh, never shall its shining fields
Be dimmed by tyrants' might!

Beautiful land of love, o land of light,

In thine embrace 'tis rapture to lie
But it is glory ever, when thou art wronged
For us thy sons to suffer and die.

LYRICS OF FILIPINO VERSION

LUPANG HINIRANG (1958)
TRANSLATED BY FELIPE PADILLA DE LEON

21 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng silanganan,
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo'y buhay.

Lupang hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka pasisiil.

Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.

Ang kislap ng watawat mo'y

Tagumpay na nagniningning;
Ang bituin at araw niya,
Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim.

Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati't pagsinta,

Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya na 'pag may mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo.

Why do malls play “Lupang Hinirang” in their movie theater?

Based on Bacolod Representative Anthony Golez made this statement as he
filed a bill mandating commercial establishments and government offices to play
the “Lupang Hinirang” in the mornings, at noon and in the afternoons every day,
in order to help strengthen Filipinos’ national pride.
In his explanatory note to the measure, Golez states that people lead
fast-paced lives nowadays and need to be reminded about the value of patriotism
through the daily playing of the national anthem.
He said the “Lupang Hinirang” has always been the “great symbol of the
pride and honor that Filipinos have for their country.”
Hearing the national anthem played in government offices, shopping malls
and other commercial centers would rekindle the national pride of Filipinos,

22 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

especially those who have been working abroad but have returned to the country
for a vacation, Golez said.
“If Christmas songs and advertisements are played in public places, it
will not be a burden for malls and commercial centers to require them to play
the ‘Lupang Hinirang’ three times a day,” he added.
Under Golez’s bill, known as the “Strengthening National Pride Act,” the
“Lupang Hinirang” would be played in the Office of the President, the Senate,
the House of Representatives and the Supreme Court three times a day at 10 a.m.,
1 p.m and 4 p.m every day.

APPENDIX E. Module 5 Practical Exercises, page 38

MODULE 6
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF FILIPINO VALUES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
▪ Recognized the philosophical foundation of Filipino Values;
▪ Evaluate the models of the Filipino Values;
▪ Determine the 5 Core Filipino Values as well the PNP Core Values.

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF FILIPINO VALUES

For the most part, Filipino values are focused on preserving social
harmony, mainly driven by a group’s willingness to be accepted.
The primary function against diverging from these values are “Hiya” ideas,
approximately translated as “a sense of shame”, and “amor proper” or self-
esteem”.
Social approval, group recognition, and group membership are significant
issues. Caring for what others believe, say or do is a powerful influence on
Filipinos social behaviors.
The Filipino philosophy is basically non-dualistic. According to
anthropologist Leonardo Mercado. He concludes, based on his linguistic analysis
of Filipino value terms such as “loob” (Cebuano Buot), that Filipino desire
harmony, not only in interpersonal relationships, but also with nature and
religion, while remaining non-dichotomous.
The Filipino wants to harmonize the object and the subject while
keeping both as distinct at the same time.

23 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

MODELS OF THE FILIPINO VALUES

1. Exogenous Model or the Foreign Model
A “legal and formal” model is defined as the international model.
Filipinos from Western cultures, particularly from the Spaniards and the
Americans, inherited the foreign model.
An example of foreign or exogenous impact is the bureaucracy
displayed in the Philippine government.
2. Indigenous Model or the Traditional Model
Described as a “Traditional and non-formal” model or guide, the
indigenous model us deeply integrated in the Filipino’s subconcious.

THE FIVE CORE FILIPINO VALUES

Based on Dr. Ramirez’s study “the Filipino Worldview and Values” and her
perspectives as a phenomenological sociologist from centuries of practice, here
are the Five Core Filipino Values based on a Filipino’s Basic Aspirations.
1. MAPAGPASALAMAT. This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to
“Pamumuhay” (Life) and “Pananalig sa Diyos at kapwa” (God and People
Faith). Filipinos understand how life can be enjoyed. We have plenty of
vacations, celebrations, occasions, and meetings. Filipinos are cheerful
and sociable, of course. Even in depressing circumstances, we wear smiles
on our faces. That’s because we’re always looking at life’s bright side.
We always have a positive outlook because, even in smallest things, we
always find things to be grateful for.
We would always say “Salamat sa Diyos” (Thank God) whenever
excellent things occur because Filipinos would attribute the blessings of
life to the Higher Being from whatever religion. We also recognize other
people’s excellent acts towards us and do our utmost to return the favor.
2. MATATAG. Filipnos, being in a nation susceptible to natural disaster,
have adjusted and learned to be powerful in moments of need and in
difficult circumstances that life throws at us. This power is derived
from our love for our family and our belief in the greater being. This is
based on Filipino’s “kaayusan” (Order) aspiration.
In reality, the popular phrase of the philippines is “Ayos na”.
When we are able to overcome problems, we say “Ayos na”. We Filipinos are
longing for “Kaayusan”, and we will endure all and be powerful in the
midst of hardships and challenges until we overcome the barriers.
3. MASIGASIG. We do everything we can to get it when Filipinos dream of
something. We’re doing it for our loved one’s and relatives. This is based

24 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

on the “Kasaganaan” (Abundance) and “Ginhawa” (Relief) aspiration of

Filipinos.
Not for himself, but for his family, a Filipino aspires to
abundance. Masaganang Bgong Taon (Bountiful New Year) is the Filipino
translation for Happy New Year because we match happiness and celebration
with abundance.
4. MAPAGMALASAKIT. It is because our family love extended to friends,
neighbors and others that naturally sympathetic Filipinos. This
compassion allows us to assist others without in exchange asking for
anything. This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to “Loob at
Damdamin” and “kapwa” (other people). “Loob” is the seat of the dignity
of the Philippines. Filipino’s personality is expressed in his “kalooban”.
Filipinos tune in the “kalooban” of each other by checking the situation
of each other and talking about the life of each other. Our characteristic
of “Mapagmalasakit” makes it simple for us to promote the spirit of
Bayanihan-to unite and assist one another during calamities and to
celebrate together on unique occasions.
5. MAGALANG. The use of po, opo, and pagmamano (hand kissing) are separate
methods of regard for Filipino people. We say these phrases and use this
gesture to demonstrate our respect and love to elderly. The Filipinos’
respect is not just limited to the elderly but also to other people’s
properties, emotions, and ideas. We are polite people. Our language is
also respectful because it has no sex bias. For example, the phrase
“Kapatid” (brother/sister) or “asawa” (husband/wife) or “biyenan”
(father-in-law/mother-in-law) or “anak” (son/daughter) do not show gender
differences. These words are certainly sex-friendly Filipino uniquely.
Our respect for other people is an integral part of our culture and our
language. This is based on our “Lakas ng Loob” or “Kagandahang Loob”
aspiration.
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CORE VALUES
Being a noble profession, the police service demands from its members
specialized understanding and abilities, as well as great standard of ethics
and morality.
The member of the PNP must therefore conform to and internalize the key
principles of:
▪ Love of God;
▪ Respect for authority;
▪ Respect for women;

25 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

▪ Respect for sanctity of marriage;

▪ Stewardship over material things;
▪ Responsible dominion; and
▪ Truthfulness.
The Police service in the Philippines is expressed in the acronym SERVICE.
The acronym SERVICE stands for:
▪ SERVANT HOOD. As police affirm its unconditional service and love for
the nation and individuals, Police value a supportive and professional
role serves and protects its clientele and community with honestly,
utmost devotion and commitment above private concern.
▪ EXCELLENCE. Police are committed in doing and making things occur
effectively and efficiently in all of their efforts as they strive to
accomplish more consistently and outstanding with tangible outcomes
and far beyond their best.
▪ RESPONSIBILITY WITH ACCOUNTABILITY. Police carry out and execute their
responsibilities and tasks as their moral duty is to serve the public
with due diligence and always bearing in mind that they are accountable
and duty bound to promote the public interest.
▪ VALUING PEOPLE AND RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. Police always maintain
their fellow human beings’ dignity whenever they cater their needs and
are delicate and cautious in serving and protecting them with
compassion and utmost regard for their human rights.
▪ INTEGRITY. Police take an uncompromising and coherent position in the
fulfillment of their obligation to live an honest, upright and
dignified life according to the highest ethical and moral norms where
their advocacy, values and convictions are compatible with their words
and actions.
▪ COURAGE. From their normal strength police draw their collective and
individual power of approach to always accept difficult duties, and
they are courageous enough to speak out against temptation, anomalies,
corruption and exploitation and stand firm.
▪ EMPOWERMENT. Police reach out and create bridges of collaboration,
nurture volunteerism and operate in harmony with their clientele by
training individuals for a better and safer society in the process.

APPENDIX F. Module 6 Practical Exercises, pages 39 to 40

26 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

MODULE 7
MOST WELL-KNOWN TRAITS AND ATTITUDE OF THE FILIPINO

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students are expected to determine and
distinguish the most well-known traits and attitude of the Filipino.

MOST WELL-KNOWN TRAITS AND ATTITUDE OF THE FILIPINO

POSITIVE TRAITS
1. HOSPITALITY. It is a trait displayed by every Filipino, characterized by
heart-warming generosity and friendliness exhibited to foreigners and
locals alike. Filipinos are well-known for being hospitable. This is one
of the most popular qualities of Filipinos.
Hospitality of Filipinos is shown in the following sample situation:
a. When a person visits a friend’s house, the host greats him or
her with a very warm welcome. The host will immediately let
their visitor sit down and will prepare a meal or snack plus
drinks for the visitor.
b. People offer their guest room to visitors if they’re going to
spend the night.
c. Meals offered to guests are very special. A host always finds
a way to prepare great tasting food that her visitor wants to
eat.
2. RESPECT. This is often observed-not just by younger people-but also by
people of all ages. In the Philippines, respect for one’s elders is a
tradition.
a. Po and Opo – These words are spoken by the Filipinos when talking
to elders, or in order to show respect to persons in authority.
These Filipino words mean “yes”, when answering or talking to the
elders.
b. Pagmamano – Another way of showing respect to elders when greeting
them. This is done by putting their elder’s hand on their foreheads.
c. Filipinos also show respect at work by making a bow to their
employers.
3. STRONG FAMILY TIES AND RELIGIONS. Filipinos value their families so much
that they tend to keep families intact through the generations. Families
go to church and pray together because their religion is important and

27 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

creates a strong bond, marking God as the center of their lives. Filipinos
believe in only one God and majority of the population are Catholics. It
is a value system of the Filipinos to pray before eating, going bed,
before the start of the meeting, conferences of program, gathering, etc.
On weekends, most Filipino families make sure to have quality time
together by watching television or eating family meal, watch movies or
going to beach resorts.
4. STRONG WORK ETHICS. Another good thing most Filipinos have is being
hardworking people. They are always willing to work almost the whole day
to provide the needs of their families. Filipino farmers though earning
so little but they work harder with not much compensation.
5. LOVING AND CARING. Because of their generosity, hospitality and
religiosity, Filipinos are found to be the sweetest and most loving people
in the world.
It is expressed by both foreigners and Filipino women that most
Filipino men are so sweet and romantic when it comes to love. They will
send their beloved flowers, bring her to a very romantic place, text her
sweet quotes and tell often how special she is to them. Filipino women
are also romantic and very caring, which often makes some foreigners want
to marry them. Women tend to prepare dinner before their husband come
home. They love, and value the relationship, always staying faithful to
their husbands. They love deeply and sincerely.
NEGATIVE TRAITS
1. FATALISM (“BAHALA NA” OR” COME WHAT MAY” ATTITUDE). When Filipinos are
facing difficulties and shortcomings, they have this attitude of leaving
it up to God to sort things out. An attitude of “what goes around comes
around”. Filipinos have a tendency to surrender the future of luck. They
have that strong confidence that everything will work out in his interest
without doing anything. Filipinos often accepts bad news or circumstances
be helpful in adversity, but it can also keep us from finding ways out of
situations. Also, constantly expecting the worst can get pretty
depressing.
2. MAÑANA HABIT (PROCRASTINATION). True blooded Filipinos have the attitude
of causing delays in accomplishing things or making transactions. When
not interested or not in the mood, they wait or reserve until tomorrow or
the next day to finish what they are doing or meeting transactions.
3. CRAB MENTALITY. This is an attitude of some Filipinos where they tend to
push each other down to clear the way for their own gain. Filipino people

28 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

with this kind of mentality or attitude try their best to ruin each other,
either by making issues against the other for him to run out bad to the
public or to the company or organization so that people will gradually
put distance and loss their replacement.
4. HYPOCRISY. This is a trait of the Filipino where criticisms to other’s
failure to live with the moral standards of the society are inevitable.
In the Philippines morality is highly valued, most of us try to live up
to the standards set by the traditional society. However, as no one is
perfect, many of us are not actually able to sustain these standards.
5. NINGAS COGON. Most Filipinos are very good at the start when doing
something. Nevertheless, after a few hours or days, that excitement to do
or accomplish something is lost we and become too lazy to finish what
were have started.
6. TRADINESSS (FILIPINO TIME). Only in the Philippines that we have the so-
called “Filipino Time” but not exactly referring to the Philippine
standard time, but then again we use it to refer to the “tardiness” of
the persons that we are waiting or who keeps on coming late to the set
time schedule of events. Instead of being something to be proud of
“Filipino time” brings a negative impression to our people.
7. GOSSIPING. Filipinos are fond of talking about others’ business. It is
not true that only women are into gossiping. Even men can also be nosy on
other people’s lives. Secrets are brought out; failures and flaws are
emphasized; and relationships are destroyed. Worse, as gossips are passed
around, they tend to be twisted until the final story becomes too far
from the original-thus, causing more damage.
8. BLAMING. Filipinos can sometimes be too self-righteous. When mistakes
happen, we do not want to take the blame, we lack humility to accept our
families, and instead we point at others. This shows how irresponsible we
are on our actions. This attitude destroys team work, and reliability
becomes an issue.
9. SELFISHNESS (BEING INSENSITIVE OF OTHERS). Most Filipinos are insensitive
to the needs and situations of others. This could be an outcome of having
to many problems that Filipinos are facing and the tendency is to focus
on their own needs first before others.
10. DISOBEDIENCE TO SIMPLE RULES AND INSTRUCTIONS. Some Filipinos,
despite of the understanding of the purpose laws and ordinances have
inability to observe and follow them. Consequently, crime victimization

29 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

and accident rate in the Philippines are constantly rising, poverty is

getting more rampant and lifestyle development is relaxed.
11. ATTENTION TAKER. Filipinos are fun and people loving race. Thus,
attracting attention is natural for them. Nevertheless, it is a different
thing to be an “epal” or “kapalmuks”-simply, being and attention grabber.
12. BEING ONION-SKINNED OR TOO SENSITIVE. Another habit or attitude
that we need to change is our being too proud which usually results to
being oversensitive. If we think highly of ourselves, then we have the
tendency to put a wall around us and that a signboard on our forehead
saying, “I must be respected”. Therefore, when someone makes a joke or
not so positive comment about us, we feel like we are not respected and
we get offended. If all people in the country do not know how to accept
constructive criticism, then we can never expect unity.
13. LIVING BEYOND THEIR MEANS (SOCIAL CLIMBING). One of the reasons why
a lot of Filipinos live in poverty is because of overspending. Since most
people want live an elite lifestyle, many resorts to social climbing or
living beyond their means. Sometimes, some of us is think that as long as
we wear designer clothes and shoes, and we send our children to the most
expensive schools, it is alright to be swimming in credits and loans.
14. PASSIVITY (LACK OF LEADERSHIP). Filipinos’ lack of initiative for
change is also one reason why our country does not progress. We keep on
complaining against the government and other societal issues. However, we
do not do anything about them. One of our excuses is the lack of faith
that our small actions can bring change. However, the worse reason for
this could be our lack of care for what is happening around us. Common
Filipinos also lack courage and confidence. If you can notice it, in
classrooms, churches, or conference rooms, most of us don’t like to sit
in the front seat.
15. OTHER NEGATIVE TRAITS. Some Filipino women give birth at an early
age 16 (teenage Pregnancy). Some just don’t mind their own business. Some
have many bad habits, like drinking, smoking, etc. some poor teenagers
engage in prostitution. There are many broken families. A lot of bad words
to choose from which Filipinos just can’t avoid saying those. Most
Filipinos tend to be with friends most of the time than to be with their
parents.

APPENDIX G. Module 7 Practical Exercises, pages 41

30 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX A: Module 1 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___________________________1. It is a devotion of love for one’s country. It

means to give more importance to unity by way of a cultural background, including
language and heritage.
___________________________2. It was derived from the Greek word “charassein”
referring to an engraving instrument.
___________________________3. It is also known as Character Building.
___________________________4. It is a devotion to one’s country for no other
country.
___________________________5. It is the process by which the individual, through
interaction of biologically transmitted predispositions with the environment,
develops stable pattern of functioning, thinking and feeling.

Learning Exercise II. Enumeration (11 pts.) Enumerate the following:

A. Contributing Factors for Character Formation.

1.
2.
3.
4.
B. Types of Nationalism
1.
2.
3.
4.
C. Types of Patriotism
1.
2.

31 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

3.

Learning Exercise III. Essay (10 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper). (5 points each)

1. Distinguish Patriotism from Nationalism.

2. Differentiate Jose Rizal from Andres Bonifacio.

32 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX B: Module 2 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (10 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___________________________1. It is the national anthem of the Philippines.

___________________________2. It is the national flower of the Philippines.
___________________________3. It is the national tree of the Philippines.
___________________________4. It is the scientific name of Philippine Eagle.
___________________________5. Composer of the national anthem of the
Philippines.
___________________________6. It was symbolized Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity.
___________________________7. It was symbolized for Peace, Truth, and Justice.
___________________________8. It was symbolized for Patriotism and Valor.
___________________________9. It was represented the province with significant
involvement in the 1896 Philippine Revolution against Spain.
___________________________10. It was stand for the three major island groups
where the revolution started.

Learning Exercise II. Enumeration (11 pts.) Enumerate the following:

A. Symbols of the Philippine Nation

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
B. Parts of the Philippine Flag

33 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
C. Province with Significant Involvement in the 1896 Philippine Revolution
Against Spain.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

34 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX C: Module 3 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___________________________1. KKK is stands for what?

___________________________2. It had an equilateral triangle with a K at each
angle with a rising sun behind a mountain.
___________________________3. This Filipino flag is similar to the flag of Cuba,
according to del Pilar.
___________________________4. General Mariano Llanera was originated in what
province of the Philippines?
___________________________5. The leader of the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan
in Cavite.

Learning Exercise II. Essay (10 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper). (5 points each)

1. What is your observation regarding the evolution of the Philippine flag?

2. Discuss your reaction regarding the history of the Philippine flag.

35 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX D: Module 4 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___________________________1. It is an act prescribing the code of the national

flag, anthem, motto, coat-of-arms.
___________________________2. It is the date of celebration of Araw ng
Kagitingan in the Philippines.
___________________________3. It is the date of celebration of National Flag
day in the Philippines.
___________________________4. It is the duration of imprisonment if any person
or judicial entity violated any acts under Republic Act 8491.
___________________________5. It is the national motto of the Philippines under
Republic Act 8491.

Learning Exercise II. Enumeration (10 pts.) Enumerate the following:

A. Places where the Philippine Flag Shall Be Permanently Hoisted Throughout

the Year
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

36 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Learning Exercise III. Essay (10 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper). (5 points each)

1. Give at least one example of prohibited acts in R.A 8491 and its
penalty. (write the provision)
2. Write the content of Sec. 25 and Sec. 36 of R.A 8491.

37 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX E: Module 5 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___________________________1. The Lupang Hinirang was played publicly on what

date?
___________________________2. The Flag and Heraldic Code was approved on what
date?
___________________________3. He translated the Lupang Hinirang to English
Version.
___________________________4. He filed a bill mandating commercial
establishments and government offices to play the “Lupang Hinirang” in the
mornings, at noon and in the afternoons every day, in order to help strengthen
Filipinos’ national pride.
___________________________5. Composer of the National Anthem of the
Philippines.

Learning Exercise II. Essay (10 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper). (5 points each)
1. Write the lyrics of the Philippine national anthem.
2. If you are the law maker, why do malls should play the national anthem of
the Philippines?

38 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX F: Module 6 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___________________________1. It is defined as the international model.

Filipinos from Western cultures, particularly from the Spaniards and the
Americans, inherited the foreign model.
___________________________2. This is based on the aspiration of Filipinos to
“Pamumuhay” and “Pananalig sa Diyos at kapwa.”
___________________________3. This power is derived from our love for our
family and our belief in the greater being. This is based on Filipino’s
“kaayusan” (Order) aspiration.
___________________________4. As police affirm its unconditional service and
love for the nation and individuals
___________________________5. Police reach out and create bridges of
collaboration, nurture volunteerism and operate in harmony with their clientele
by training individuals for a better and safer society in the process.

Learning Exercise II. Enumeration (12 pts.) Enumerate the following:

A. Core Filipino Values

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

B. The Philippine National Police Core Values

1.
2.
3.

39 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

4.
5.
6.
7.

Learning Exercise III. Essay (10 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper). (5 points each)

1. Distinguish Patriotism from Nationalism.

2. Differentiate Jose Rizal from Andres Bonifacio.

40 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX G: Module 7 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.

___________________________1. It is a trait displayed by every Filipino,

characterized by heart-warming generosity and friendliness exhibited to
foreigners and locals alike.
___________________________2. This is often observed-not just by younger
people-but also by people of all ages.
___________________________3. Filipinos value their families so much that they
tend to keep families intact through the generations.
___________________________4. Another good thing most Filipinos have is being
hardworking people.
___________________________5. When Filipinos are facing difficulties and
shortcomings, they have this attitude of leaving it up to God to sort things
out.

Learning Exercise II. Enumeration (10 pts.) Enumerate the following:

A. Positive Traits of the Filipino
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Negative Traits of the Filipino
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

41 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

MODULE 8
FILIPINO CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

• Determine the Traits and Values that Filipino’s owned and known for;
and
• Understand each traits and values for better comprehension.

THREE MAIN TRAITS UNDERSCORING FILIPINO VALUES

1. Personalism

Filipinos valued interpersonal relationship. It is firmly believed that

harmonious personal relationship is the key to successful endeavors. Amicable
settlement of dispute is the primary means of resorting broken relationships
and face-to-face open forum is considered once conflict is recognized in an
organization or the community.

2. Familialism

Filipinos are family-oriented. Development programs and projects in the

community are concentrated on the welfare and best interest of the family rather
than on the betterment and interest of some individuals. The mistakes committed
by a family member affects the credibility and of the immediate members of the
family and relatives.

3. Particularism

Displayed behavior by the individuals may it be good or bad is blamed

against the family. It is based on the principle that home is the cradle of
human personality and character that is, the product of goodness is always good
and those who are molded in wickedness, will always show-off badness.
Individuals strive to promote their own and their family’s interests over
community interests.

On the other hand, knowing how to entertain people (marunong umasikaso ng

kapwa) is important. Conformity to proper codes of conduct reaps the rewards of
cooperation and assistance; non-conformity is punished by withdrawal of support.

FILIPINO VALUES ORIENTATION

1. Values Orientation

42 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Is the approach that may influence work or social relationships by persons

relating to objects, events and ideas.

MAIN OBLIGATION UNDERLYING FILIPINO VALUE ORIENTATION

The relational or face-to-face interactions and their resulting

responsibilities are called interpersonal obligation.

This is in relation to the value in Filipino cultural orientation, the

personalism. Pakikiramay, pakikisama, bayanihan, and Paggalang are the nature
of interpersonal relationships that are inherent to the pure-blood Filipino
people.

1. Pakikiramay

It is the Filipino value of going out of the way to help, without being
asked i.e., unsolicited help.

2. Pakikisama (Smooth Interpersonal Relation)

Regardless whether someone’s views are agreeable or not, Filipinos are

capable of getting along with it. Camaraderie, trust, confidence, and loyalty
are enhanced and developed by this Filipino value.

3. Bayanihan

As mentioned in the preceding topics, Filipinos are able to render

services and generous enough to extend help without compensation. Somebody can
request help in the time of need from those to whom it is extended.

4. Paggalang (Respect)

Filipinos are basically oriented to revere to the opinions of elders,

peers, or those in authority, during important discussions during social
encounters. Verbal clash or any sign of extreme familiarity in public meeting
is a sign of disrespect to elders or persons in authority.

APPENDIX H. Module 8 Practical Exercises, page 54

43 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

MODULE 9

NATIONAL AND MODERN HEROES

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

• Determine who are the National and Modern Heroes of our country; and
• Recognize the deeds of every National and Modern Heroes to our country,
Philippines.

WHO ARE THE NATIONAL HEROES OF THE PHILIPPINE?

A national hero of the Philippines is a Filipino who has been recognized as

a national hero for his or her role in the history of the Philippines.
Loosely, the term may refer to all Filipino historical figures recognized
as heroes, but the term more strictly refers to those officially designated as
such.

In 1995 the Philippine National Heroes Committee officially recommended

several people for the designation, but this was not acted upon.

As of 2007, no one had ever been officially recognized as a Philippine

national hero. The National Heroes Committee recommended Jose Rizal, Andres
Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Sultan
Dipatuan Kudarat, Juan Luna, Melchora Aquino, and Gabriela Silang to be
recognized as national heroes on November 15, 1995.

But if we enumerate the people who had contribution in getting our freedom
from the people or countries who tried to conquer our country we have 42 people
to be consider as National Heroes of the Philippine:

1. Dr. Jose Rizal- The National Hero

2. Andres Bonifacio- The Great Plebian and Father of the Katipunan.

3. General Gregorio del Pilar- Hero of the Battle of Tirad Pass.

4. General Emilio Aguinaldo- President of the First Philippine Republic.

5. Apolinario Mabini- Sublime Paralytic and Brains of the Revolution.

6. GOMBURZA - Martyred Priests of 1872.

44 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

7. Trece Martirez- 13 Martyrs from Cavite.

8. Emilio Jacinto- Brains of the Katipunan.

9. General Antonio Luna- Cofounder of La Independencia

10. Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora)- Mother of Balintawak.

11. Graciano Lopez-Jaena- Greatest Filipino Orator of the Propaganda

Movement.

12. Panday Pira - First Filipino Cannon-maker.

13. Mariano Ponce - Propagandist, Historian, Diplomat and Managing Editor of

La Solidaridad.

14. Gregoria de Jesus - Lakambini of Katipunan and Wife of Andres Bonifacio.

15. Fernando Ma. Guerrero - Poet of the Revolution.

16. Felipe Agoncillo - Outstanding Diplomat of the First Philippine Republic.

17. Rafael Palma - Cofounder of La Independencia and First UP president.

18. Juan Luna - Greatest Filipino Painter.

19. Marcelo H. Del Pilar - Greatest Journalist and Moving Spirit of the
Propaganda Movement.

20. Leona Florentino - First Filipino Poetess (from Ilocos Sur).

21. Pedro Paterno - Peacemaker of the Revolution.

22. Isabelo delos Reyes - Founder of Philippine Socialism.

23. Artemio Ricarte - Revolutionary General, known as Viborra.

24. Jose Palma - Wrote the Spanish Lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem.

25. Lakandola - Chief of Tondo, Friendly to the Spaniards.

26. Rajah Soliman - The Last Rajah of Manila.

27. Leonor Rivera - Cousin and Fiancee of Jose Rizal.

28. Marcela Mariño Agoncillo - Maker of the First Filipino Flag.

29. Galicano Apacible - One of the Founders of Katipunan.

45 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

30. Jose Ma. Panganiban - Bicolandia's Greatest Contribution to the Historic

Campaign for Reforms.

31. Diego Silang - Leader of the Ilocano Revolt.

32. Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang - Continued the Fight After her Husband's
Death.

33. Lapu-Lapu - Chieftain of Mactan Who Killed Magellan. First Filipino Hero.

34. Francisco Dagohoy - Leader of the Longest Revolt in Bohol

35. Epifanio Delos Santos - A Man of Many Talents; the Former Highway 54 is
Now Named After him (EDSA).

36. Francisco Baltazar - Prince of Tagalog Poets.

37. Teresa Magbanua - First Woman Fighter in Panay. Visayan Joan of Arc

38. Trinidad Tecson - Mother of Biak-na-Bato.

39. Agueda Esteban - Wife of Artemio Ricarte Who Carried Secret Messages
about Spanish Troops.

40. Marina Dizon - Daughter of One of the Trece Martirez.

41. General Francisco Makabulos - Leader of the Revolt in Tarlac.

42. Julian Felipe - Composer of the Philippine National Anthem.

WHO ARE THE MODERN HEROES?

For so many years, our definition of a hero was either that of Andres
Bonifacio, who led an armed revolution against the Spaniards, or Jose Rizal,
who harnessed the power of the pen to awaken Filipino nationalist spirit.

Dying for the country is indeed heroic, but is that the only measure of
heroism? More people are being hailed as heroes because of their selflessness
and valuable contributions

Here in the Philippines, government has recognized modern day heroes in the
form of the Bagong Bayani Awards. The honour is bestowed on overseas Filipino
workers who have done exemplary contributions in their communities. Knowing how
difficult it is to be away from their own families, some Filipinos have turned
their homesickness into something worthwhile.

46 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

There are several others worth calling as heroes. In their own small ways,
they have touched the lives of others. While some have died, their memory will
hopefully become an inspiration.

 Soldiers – Some were able to come back to their families wounded after a
battle, and some were not lucky enough to make it through. These soldiers
have vowed to be the protector of our country despite being just as human
as everyone else.

 Teachers – We have entrusted our children to their teachers to be their

second parents and to be their guide in learning. In a public school set
up, not all students may have the required books and other school
materials needed. Although the government has given free education, this
is not enough for the students. Some teachers have sacrificed a portion
of their meager salary by providing paper and pens to their students

 Mothers – The unappreciated and most often misunderstood. They may be the
least thought of to be heroes because most of us may just see them as
someone who is responsible to give us education, clothes, a roof over our
head and other things that we might need. But apart from all those
responsibilities, a mother also has her own life which she has often taken
for granted because of seriously taking her role of taking good care of
the family, most especially the children.

 Fathers – Serve as a foundation of a family or home, they give the

unselfish love and hard work for the sake of the family and serve as a
role model in their children.

 OFW (Overseas Filipino Worker) – The hardworking, self-sacrificing,

loveable heroes of the modern time they’re suffering in homesick every
day for the sake of the future of their family and their children.

 Law Enforcers officer – They’re sacrificing their time during special

events or holidays for us to achieve their duty in maintaining peace and
order in everyday living.

APPENDIX I. Module 9 Practical Exercises, pages 55 to 56

47 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

MODULE 10

EMILIO AGUINALDO

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

• Discover the life of Emilio Aguinaldo; and

• Recognize his contribution to the Philippines.

WHO IS EMILIO AGUINALDO?

Emilio Famy Aguinaldo Sr. was born on March 22, 1869, in Cavite el Viejo
(present-day Kawit), in Cavite province, to Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and Trinidad
Famy-Aguinaldo, a Tagalog Chinese mestizo couple who had eight children, the
seventh of whom was Emilio Sr.

The Aguinaldo family was quite well-to-do, as his father, Carlos J. Aguinaldo
was the community's appointed gobernadorcillo (municipal governor) in the
Spanish colonial administration and his grandparents Eugenio K. Aguinaldo and
Maria Jamir-Aguinaldo.

He studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran but wasn't able to finish his
studies due to outbreak of cholera in 1882. Emilio became the "Cabeza de
Barangay" in 1895 when the Maura Law that called for the reorganization of local
governments was enacted. At the age of 25, Aguinaldo became Cavite el Viejo's
first "gobernadorcillo capitan municipal" (Municipal Governor-Captain) while on
a business trip in Mindoro.

On January 1, 1896, he married Hilaria Del Rosario (1877–1921), this was his
first wife. They had five children: Carmen Aguinaldo-Melencio, Emilio "Jun" R.
Aguinaldo Jr., Maria Aguinaldo-Poblete, Cristina Aguinaldo-Suntay, and Miguel
Aguinaldo. Hilaria died of leprosy on March 6, 1921 at the age of 44. Nine years
later, on July 14, 1930, Aguinaldo married Maria Agoncillo (February 15, 1879
– May 29, 1963) at Barasoain Church. She died on May 29, 1963, a year before
Aguinaldo himself

His grandsons Emilio B. Aguinaldo III and Reynaldo Aguinaldo served three
terms as mayor (2007–2016) and vice-mayor of his hometown Kawit, Cavite,
respectively. One of his great-grandsons, Joseph Emilio Abaya, was a member of
the Philippine House of Representatives representing Cavite's first district
(which contained their hometown, Kawit) from 2004 until his appointment as

48 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Secretary of Transportation and Communications in 2012, a post he served until

2016, while another great-grandson, Emilio "Orange" M. Aguinaldo IV, married
ABS-CBN news reporter Bernadette Sembrano in 2007.

Was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is

officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines
(1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia. He led
Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter part of the Philippine
Revolution (1896–1898), and then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and finally
against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901).

In 1935, Aguinaldo ran unsuccessfully for president of the Philippine

Commonwealth against Manuel Quezon. He was also one of the Filipino historical
figures to be recommended as a national hero of the Philippines.

Honor Received by Emillo Aguinaldo:

 Quezon Service Cross – (June 12, 1956)

 Philippine Legion of Honor, Chief Commander – (1957)

MODULE 11

PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

• Identify the 18 President of the Philippines; and

• Determine their contributions and recognize their Era in leading our
Country.

WHO ARE THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINE FROM PAST UP TO PRESENT

In our country we have until 5th republic because of the different events in
the Philippines.

• 1899–1901: First Republic (Malolos Republic) - Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–

1964) (Lived: 94 years), President of the Revolutionary Government (1898–
1899) he took office on 23 Jan 1899 until 23 Mar 1901.

The Americans had already begun controlling areas not controlled by the First
Republic after the Spanish cession. The President of the United States is

49 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

represented first by military governors, then by civilian Governors-General up

to 1935.

 1935–46: Commonwealth- The Commonwealth was inaugurated on November 15,

1935 at Manila, and ended upon independence on July 4, 1946. The president
that is - Manuel L. Quezon (1878–1944) (Lived: 65 years) - Senator from
the Fifth Senatorial District and 1st President of the Senate (1916–1935)
and he took his office as president on 15 Nov 1935 until 1 Aug 1944.

 Sergio Osmeña (1878–1961) (Lived: 83 years) - 1st Vice President of the

Philippines (1935–1944), he took his office as president on 1 Aug 1944
until 28 May 1946.

 Manuel Roxas (1892–1948) (Lived: 56 years) - Senator from Capiz and 2nd
President of the Senate (1945–1946), took his office as president 28 May
1946 until 15 Apr 1948.

 1943–45: Second Republic- the Second Republic was inaugurated on October

14, 1943 in Manila, and ended when President Jose P. Laurel dissolved the
republic on August 17, 1945, in Tokyo. José P. Laurel (1891–1959) (Lived:
68 years) - 10th & 17th Minister of the Interior (1922–1923 & 1942–1943)
he took his office as president of the second republic of the Philippines
on 14 Oct 1943 until 17 Aug 1945.

 1946–72: Third Republic- The Third Republic started when independence was
granted by the Americans on July 4, 1946, and ended upon the imposition
of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos on September 21, 1972. Manuel
Roxas (1892–1948) (Lived: 56 years) – he took again the office of the
president on 28 May 1946 until 15 Apr 1948.

 Elpidio Quirino (1890–1956) (Lived: 65 years) - 2nd Vice President of the

Philippines (1946–1948), he start as president on 17 Apr 1948 until 30
Dec 1953

 Ramon Magsaysay (1907–1957) (Lived: 49 years) - 7th Secretary of National

Defense (1950–1953), became a president on 30 Dec 1953 until 17 Mar 1957.

 Carlos P. Garcia (1896–1971) (Lived: 74 years) - 4th Vice President of the

Philippines (1953–1957), he took his office on 18 Mar 1957 until 30 Dec
1961.

50 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

 Diosdado Macapagal (1910–1997) (Lived: 86 years) - 5th Vice President of

the Philippines (1957–1961), he took his office as president on 30 Dec
1961 until 30 Dec 1965.

 Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989) (Lived: 72 years) - Senator from Ilocos Norte

(1959–1965) and 11th President of the Senate (1963–1965), became president
on 30 Dec 1965 until 25 Feb 1986.

 1972–87: Martial law and the Fourth Republic - President Ferdinand Marcos
ruled by decree when he declared martial law on September 21, 1972. He
inaugurated the "New Society" after a new constitution was ratified on
January 17, 1973. He declared the Fourth Republic on January 17, 1981,
after martial law was lifted. Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989) (Lived: 72
years) - Senator from Ilocos Norte (1959–1965) and 11th President of the
Senate (1963–1965), became president on 30 Dec 1965 until 25 Feb 1986.

 1987–present: Fifth Republic - President Corazon Aquino Inaugurated the

Fifth Republic after the present constitution was ratified. The plebiscite
happened on February 2, 1987. Corazon Aquino (1933–2009) (Lived: 76 years)
– none (No prior elected office), she took his office as president on 25
Feb 1986 until 30 Jun 1992. the “First Woman President” none (No prior
elected office), she took his office as president on 25 Feb 1986 until 30
Jun 1992.

 Fidel Ramos (Born 1928) (91 years old) - 18th Secretary of National Defense
(1988–1991), he became president on 30 Jun 1992 until 30 Jun 1998.

 Joseph Estrada (Born 1937) (82 years old) - 9th Vice President of the
Philippines (1992–1998), he took his office as president on 30 Jun 1998
until 20 Jan 2001.

 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Born 1947) (72 years old) - 10th Vice President
of the Philippines (1998–2001), she became president on 20 Jan 2001 until
30 Jun 2010.

 Benigno Aquino III (Born 1960) (59 years old) - Senator from Tarlac (2007–
2010), and became president on 30 Jun 2010 until 30 Jun 2016.

 Rodrigo Duterte (Born 1945) (74 years old) - Mayor of Davao City (1988–
1998; 2001–2010; & 2013–2016), he took his office as president on 30 Jun
2016, Incumbent (Term ends on June 30, 2022).

51 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

APPENDIX J. Module 10 and 11 Practical Exercises, page 57

MODULE 12

NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

• Determine Nationalism and Patriotism in our lives and application of

it.

TIPS ON SHOWING NATIONALISM

According to Tommy Chen the following are the tips in showing nationalism:

1) Study the history of your Country, know how and where your ancestors came
from. Know the hardships your country has experienced and the great
actions done by them to solve their problems. This would help you know
where your ancestors came from and how your country came to be.

2) Show willingness to learn about your country’s culture and practices.

Respect them and be happy to practice them. This is important because to
show that you love your country you have to appreciate the most practiced
thing in the country and that is the culture of the people.

3) Respect the national anthem and sing it with pride, make sure that you
really mean all the words you are saying. The national anthem is one of
the unique thing every country has and if you don’t sing it properly how
is that showing care for your country.

4) Learn to speak your own language, Yes... English is the most dominant and
used language but you shall never forget your native language. Your
language is something only people in your country understands. It’s very
unique and is also one of the distinctive characteristics of every
country.

5) We should adore everything made in the Philippines and learn to promote

it and share it to others. We should be proud that we have our very own

52 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

local movies, tv shows, movie stars, singers, printed books and many more.
This is something that we can share to others and let them experience
what it is like in the Philippines.

10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A PATRIOT IN MODERN SETTING

You may call yourself as patriot if you consider these:

1. Respect the flag and value Filipino identity.

2. Know your nation’s history and be able to share it to others.

3. Be productive citizen.

4. Be aware of the issue in our country.

5. Stand proud for every Filipino achievement.

6. Patronize and support our own products.

7. Respect everyone and value our traditions

8. Speak out our own language and not hesitant to tell where you really
came from.

9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country.

10. Love our family, our neighbors’, and our compatriot.

APPENDIX K. Module 12 Practical Exercises, page 58

53 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX H: Module 8 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.
________________1. Development programs and projects in the community are
concentrated on the welfare and best interest of the family rather than on the
betterment and interest of some individuals.

_________________2. Every Filipino exercise Camaraderie, trust, confidence, and

loyalty are enhanced and developed by this Filipino value.

_________________3. It is the verbal clash or any sign of extreme familiarity

in public meeting is a sign of disrespect to elders or persons in authority.

_________________4. The render services and generous enough to extend help

without compensation.

_________________5. It is based on the principle that home is the cradle of

human personality and character that is, the product of goodness is always good
and those who are molded in wickedness, will always show-off badness.

Learning Exercise II. Essay (30 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper). (15 points each)

1. Why do we need to apply the traits and values in our daily lives?

2. Give at least two values of a Filipino that is still applied today. Explain.

54 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX I: Module 9 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (5 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.
_________________1. The National Heroes Committee recommended Jose Rizal,
Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo, Apolinario Mabini, Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat, Juan Luna, Melchora Aquino, and Gabriela Silang to be
recognized as national heroes on

_________________2. He was known as the Greatest Filipino Orator of the

Propaganda Movement.

_________________3. They have vowed to be the protector of our country despite

being just as human as everyone else.

_________________4. Propagandist, Historian, Diplomat and Managing Editor of La

Solidaridad.

_________________5. They give the unselfish love and hard work for the sake of
the family and serve as a role model in their children.

Learning Exercise II. Multiple Choice (10 pts.) Encircle the best answer in the
following questions.

1. Leader of the Longest Revolt in Bohol.

a. Francisco Dagohoy c. Diego Silang

b. General Francisco Macabulos d. Pedro Paterno
2. First Filipino Poetess (from Ilocos Sur).

a. Teresa Magbanua c. Leona Folerntino

b. Marina Dizon d. Gregoria De Jesus
3. Wrote the Spanish Lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem.
a. Jose Palma c. Juan Luna

55 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

b. Jose Rizal d. Juan Enrile

4. Maker of the First Filipino Flag.
a. Marcela Mariño Agoncillo c. Leonor Rivera
b. Maria Josefa Gabriela Silang d. Gregoria De Jesus
5. Mother of Biak-na-Bato
a. Agueda Esteban c. Galiciano Apacible
b. Leonor Rivera d. Trinidad Tecson

Learning Exercise III. Essay (50 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper).

1. Give at least 3 Modern Heroes you think is the best for you. Explain each.
(30 pts)
2. Identify one National Hero that suit your personality. Explain. (20 pts)

56 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX J: Module 10 & 11 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Identification (15 pts.) Identify what is being

described/defined in the following items. Write your answer on the space
provided before the number.
_________________1. She was his first wife of Emilio Aguinaldo and has 5
children with her.

_________________2. Politician and military leader who is officially recognized

as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines.

_________________3. This was the time when Emilio Aguinaldo receives Quezon
Service Cross.

_________________4. He was the Commonwealth President.

_________________5. He took again the office of the president on 28 May 1946

until 15 April 1948.

_________________6. 5th Vice President of the Philippines (1957–1961), he took

his office as president on 30 Dec 1961 until 30 Dec 1965.

_________________7. He declared the Fourth Republic on January 17, 1981, after

martial law was lifted.

_________________8. the “First Woman President” of the Philippines.

_________________9. He was the current President of the Philippines.

_________________10. 18th Secretary of National Defense (1988–1991), he became

president on 30 Jun 1992 until 30 Jun 1998.

Learning Exercise II. Essay (30 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper). (15 pts each).
1. Explain why a President is needed to have in every country.
2. Do you agree that the current administration is effective and efficient?
Why?

57 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

ST. ELIZABETH GLOBAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Esguerra Dist., Maharlika Highway, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT

APPENDIX K: Module 12 Practical Exercises

NAME: ___________________________ RATING:________________

SECTION: ________________________ DATE:__________________

Learning Exercise I. Enumeration (10 pts.) Enumerate the following:

A. Give 5 characteristics of a patriot in modern setting you think you have

for yourself.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Learning Exercise II. Essay (20 pts.) Answer the following to the best of your
comprehension (use separate sheet of paper).

1. What do you think is the best way to prove the Nationalism and
Patriotism in you?

58 | P a g e
 NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM

REFERENCES:

1. https://www.slideshare.net/100000861051472/patriotism-and-nationalism
2. http://www.localhistories.org/philippines.html
3. https://www.quora.com/Who-were-Rizal-and-Bonifacio-and-why-are-they-
important-to-the-Philippines
4. https://www.philstar.com/the-
freeman/opinion/2017/11/29/1763937/between-gat-andres-bonifacio-and-dr-
jose-p-rizal

59 | P a g e