Technical report: Series A No.

07/2023-24

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES, RIVER DEVELOPMENT & GANGA
REJUVENATION
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES

OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH (as on March 2023)

CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD

NORTH EASTERN REGION
GUWAHATI

DECEMBER 2023

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 1

 REPORT ON
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF
ARUNACHAL PRADESH (2022-2023)

Jointly carried out by

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT,

GOVERNMENT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH,
ITANAGAR
&
CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD,
NORTH EASTERN REGION
GUWAHATI

DECEMBER 2023

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 2

 PREFACE
Arunachal Pradesh is the biggest state in North Eastern Region bounded by longitude 91°
30’ to 97°30`E and latitude 26°30` to 29°39`N, with a geographical area of 83,743
Sq. Km. As per 2011 census the state population is 10,96,702. With rapid growth of
population in Arunachal Pradesh in general and in the foothill areas in particular, the
demand of drinking as well as domestic water is increasing by leaps and bounds.
Simultaneously the growing need for agricultural products is necessitating the need for
ground water exploration as also its development in the valleys.

The sustainable development of ground water resource requires precise quantitative

assessment based on reasonably valid scientific principles. The assessment of ground
water resource is a complex task which involves computation and estimation of different
parameters associated with the inflow and the outflow of this natural resource. To
ascertain the ground water resource in the shallow aquifers that gets annually recharged
through rainfall and other sources under various hydrogeological conditions in the country,
scientific methodology following well defined norms, need to be adopted.

This report presents the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh
estimated based on GEC’2015 in web based IN-GRES software as on March 2023.

The total ground water recharge of the state is estimated as 4.65 BCM (Billion Cubic
Metre) and annual extractable groundwater resources are 4.16 BCM after deducting the
natural discharge. The total annual extraction of ground water for various needs currently
amounts to 0.2 BCM, with Domestic and irrigation comprising 0.01 BCM each. Based on
the projected population data until 2025, a yearly allocation of 0.01 BCM has been
assigned for Domestic use. At present the overall stage of ground water extraction in the
state stands at a mere 0.42%.
The estimation of dynamic groundwater resources for Arunachal Pradesh was jointly done
by the Water Resources Department, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh, and Central Ground
Water Board, SUO, Itanagar under the able guidance of North Eastern Region, Guwahati.
The efforts made by the scientists of Central Ground Water Board, SUO, Itanagar as well
as North Eastern Region, Guwahati in coordination with Water Resources Department,
Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar are commendable.

I firmly believe that the present report will go a long way to help the planners and policy
makers in the ground water sector to formulate future ground water extraction and
sustainable management plan for the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

Biplab Ray
Regional Director (i/c)
CGWB, NER, Guwahati

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 3

 CONTRIBUTORS

Estimation of Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh as on March 2023 has

been carried out based on the data provided by the concerned State Govt.
Departments of SLC. The computation of the resource and preparation of the report
was carried out by Shri Rajat Gupta, Asst. Hydrogeologist of CGWB, SUO, Itanagar, Shri
Tiamenba Longshir, Asst. Hydrogeologist and Dr. Dip Jyoti Khound, Scientist-D of
Central Ground Water Board, North Eastern Region, Guwahati. A special thanks to Dr.
S S Singh, Scientist-D & OIC, GWRA-NER, Shri Biplab Ray, Sc-E & HOO and Miss Mophi
Milli, Sc-C, CGWB, NER, Guwahati for their constant support in finalisation of the report.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 4

 CONTENTS
Page No.
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background for re-estimating the ground water resources 6
1.2 Constitution of state level committee 7
Chapter 2: Hydrogeological Conditions of Arunachal Pradesh

2.0 Description of rock types with area coverage 8

2.1 Rock Types 8
2.2 Hydrometeorological Conditions 9
2.3 Descriptions of Hydrogeological Units 9
2.4 Groundwater Level Conditions 10
2.5 Groundwater Quality 10
Chapter 3: Ground Water Resources Estimation by Automation
3.0 Introduction 11
3.1 Advantages of Automation Using IN-GRES software 11
Chapter 4: Ground Water Resource Estimation in Arunachal Pradesh through IN-GRES
4.0 IN-GRES User Management 16
4.1 Ground Water Assessment Unit 16
4.2 Rainfall Recharge 17
4.3 Total Annual Groundwater Recharge or Accumulation 18
4.4 Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource (EGR) 18
4.5 Estimation of Ground Water Extraction 19
4.6 Recharge from other sources 21
4.7 Inflow and Outflow components 21
4.8 Allocation of Groundwater Resource for Utilization 22
4.9 Additional Potential Recharge 22
Chapter 5: Dynamic Ground Water Resources 23
Table 2.1 Groundwater Potential in Different Hydrogeological formations of Arunachal 10
Table 3.1 Comparison and recommendations of GEC 2015 with GEC 97 13
Table 5.1 Assessment Unit wise WL Data of Arunachal Pradesh of year 2022 23
Table 5.2 Comparison between Ground water resources of Arunachal Pradesh (based on
GEC’2015) for the current (2022-2023) and previous (2021-2022) year 24
Annexure A 25-27
Annexure 28-29
Annexure 1 30
Annexure 2 31
Annexure 3A & 3B 32
Annexure 3C & 3D 33
Annexure 3E & 3F 34
Annexure 4A & 4B 35
Categorisation Map of Arunachal Pradesh 36
Plate I: Administrative map showing block boundary (assessment unit) 37
PLATE II: Hydrogeological Map of Arunachal Pradesh 38-39
Rainfall data of Arunachal Pradesh of Assessment units 40

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 5

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background for re-estimating the ground water resources

Arunachal Pradesh occupies the easternmost part of the country and is spread over an area
of 83,743 sq. km. The state lies between Latitudes 2630N-2930N latitude and 9130E –
9730E longitude. The state is bounded on the north by China, on the east by Myanmar and
on the west by Bhutan. In the south it is bounded by the state of Assam and Nagaland. The
state has been divided into 16 districts, 51 Sub-divisions, 92 blocks and 190 circles as per
census 2011.
The first assessment of ground water resources of Arunachal Pradesh was carried out
in 1992 based on ‘Ground Water Estimation Methodology’, 1984 (GEC’84 and was reassessed
for the assessment year 2004 using ‘Ground Water Resource Estimation Methodology – 1997’
(GEC’97). For the current assessment year, 2022-2023, the dynamic groundwater resources of
the state have been assessed block-wise for the first time based on GEC 2015 methodology.

The smallest administrative unit ‘block’ is taken as the unit of computation. Forty-Two
nos. of blocks have been considered as assessment units considered during 2022-23. Total
ground water recharge is estimated to be 4.65 BCM (Billion Cubic Metre) and annual
extractable groundwater resources are 4.16 BCM after deducting the natural discharge. The
Roing-Koronu block of Lower Dibang Valley district houses a maximum annual extractable
groundwater resource reaching 0.46 BCM, whereas a minimum of 0.01 BCM is found in Tame
Raga block under Lower Subansiri. Ground water extraction for various uses has been
estimated for all the assessment units of Arunachal Pradesh. Gross annual ground water
extraction for all uses is 0.02 BCM and annual groundwater allocation for domestic use up to
2025 is 0.01 BCM. Net groundwater availability for future use is 4.15 BCM. In terms of stage
of groundwater extraction Ziro I block under Lower Subansari has the highest stage of
groundwater extraction standing at 2.44 % and the lowest at recorded at Rumgong block under
West Siang district. The overall stage of groundwater extraction in the state is 0.42 % and all
the 42 assessment units in Arunachal Pradesh falls under SAFE category.
The Current assessment has been carried out based on revised ground water
resource estimation methodology of 2015 (GEC’ 2015)

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 6

1.2. Constitution of state level committee for ground water resources estimation
The State Level Committee for ground water resources estimation has been re-
constituted and considered as permanent by the Government of Arunachal Pradesh and
the 1st SLC meeting on GWRA 2022-2023 for Arunachal Pradesh held on 23.06.2023
(Annexure A):

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 7

 CHAPTER 2
HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF ROCK TYPES WITH AREA COVERAGE
Hydrogeologically the state can be categorized into three units, viz-(i) Consolidated
representing the crystalline formations and the (ii) Semi-consolidated and (iii) Unconsolidated
units representing the Sedimentaries.
The consolidated formations (crystalline) occur along the high and moderate hill ranges
of the state. These formations mostly comprise meta-sediments like gneiss and schist and
fissured formations (i.e.-Phyllites, Schist, Quartzites etc.) belonging to Archean to Palaeozoic
age. They act basically as run-off zone. The weathered part as well as the secondary pores
developed in the form of joints, fissures etc in the consolidated formations have good ground
water potential.
The semi-consolidated formations comprise the Tertiary Group of rocks represented by
the Disang, Barail, Tipam, Siwalik and Dihing groups of rock. They are occupying the areas in
the south and southwestern part of the state and show gradual decrease in altitude and behave
as run-off, infiltration as also discharge zones. They contribute recharge to ground water
depending on litho-character.
Ground water in both consolidated and semi-consolidated formations is manifested
as springs. Springs in all geological formations are both seasonal and perennial in nature.
The older alluvium comprising the terrace deposits of Pleistocene and also the terrace
and alluvial fan deposits of Holocene age form the unconsolidated formation. They are
distributed as thin layers in intermontane valleys and with considerable thickness in open and
wide valleys joining Brahmaputra Alluvial plains. Deposition shows poor sorting in
distribution of grains. High or low rate of infiltration is observed depending on physical
geometry and matrix of formation. Terrace types of deposits are found extending in and along
the foothill zone. It is commonly referred to Bhabar belt, comprising sand, gravel, pebble and
boulder. The zone contains one or more aquifers, which have fair to good ground water
potential. The aquifers at places tend to be artesian in nature. Unconsolidated Quaternary and
Upper Tertiary formations form the main hydrological units in the state.

2.1. Rock Types

The state constitutes rocks from Archaean to Recent. Major part is covered with
consolidated crystalline rocks and meta-sediments of Precambrian and Palaeozoic times, while

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 8

Tertiary sediments consisting semi-consolidated argillaceous assemblage occupy periphery
areas bordering Assam. Unconsolidated Quaternary sediments comprising Alluvium prevail in
the fringe valley areas and as thin carpet in isolated structural valleys. More than 90% of the
area is covered by hilly terrain.
Unconsolidated Quaternary and Upper Tertiary formations form the main hydrological
units for ground water recharge in the state. Other than this, semi consolidated Lower Tertiary
and Upper Paleozoic formations are important from Ground Water development point of view.

2.2 Hydrometeorological Conditions

The climate of the state is mainly influenced by orography. It is sub-tropical, wet and
highly humid in nature in the foothill regions and cold in higher elevations. The temperature
falls below freezing point during extremely cold period. The maximum temperature ranges
from 27oC and minimum winter temperature in the higher altitude goes down below freezing
point. Humidity is very high. Heavy rainfall is received during summer and occasional rainfall
during winter. January and February are the driest months. The rainfall received during
summer is under the spell of South-West monsoon. The onset of South-West monsoon in the
region occurs by the end of May or the first week of June and withdraws by late September or
early October. But, very often pre-monsoon showers are experienced during March and April.
Copious rainfall is received in the southern, eastern and northeastern part of the state during
the summer. From March to May, the region comes under the influence of equatorial Westerlies
and receives precipitation with occasional thundershowers.
The average annual rainfall in different stations of the state varies from 2000 to 5000
mm with some variation.

2.3 Description of Hydrogeological Units

The unconsolidated alluvial sediments in the valley areas act as good repositories for
ground water development. Valleys adjoining Assam are most promising where good thickness
of granular aquifer zones is distributed. However, physical parameters of heterogeneous aquifer
sediments with variable matrix play an important role in determining permeability,
transmissibility and specific capacity of aquifer zones. Intervening clay layers found with
arenaceous sediments indicate leaky aquifer system. Auto-flow conditions seen at places are
promoted due to high hydraulic head. In the intermontane valleys thickness of alluvium and
weathered residium are important factors. Potential aquifer zones are likely to prevail Semi-
consolidated Tertiary formations are likely to give moderate or poor yield and expected to be
controlled by aquifer geometry and structural features.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 9

 In consolidated formations ground water potentiality appears to be very much limited.
However, highly weathered, and fissured formation in pockets may offer some scope for
development.
Ground water exploration studies were carried out by Central Ground Water Board
(CGWB) in the state revealed that water bearing formations are observed in Unconsolidated
Alluvium of Quaternary Age, Primary/Secondary porosity of semi-consolidated sandstone of
Tertiary Age, Secondary porosity of granite, schist, gneiss, phyllite of Archean to Pre-
Cambrian Age. Discharge of the deep tube wells varies from 1.4 m³/hr to 54 m³/hr while
transmissivity ranges from 1.14 to 661 m²/day. Storativity ranges from 0.35 x 10-3 to 6.65 x10-
3
.

Table 2.1: Ground Water Potential in different Hydrogeological formations of

Arunachal Pradesh
Formation Lithology Groundwater potential
Unconsolidated sand, clay, silt, gravel, pebble, cobble Moderate yield, 30-50m3/hr.
and boulder Drawdown within 10 to 15m.
Semi- Shale, siltstone, sandstone, Low yield, up to 20m3/hr.
consolidated interbedded with coal seams and Drawdown within 25m.
limestone
Consolidated
Fissured Phyllites, schist, slates, quartzites Low yield, 5 to 15m3/hr.
Formation
Metasediment Gneissic complex with acid and basic Yield up to 5m3/hr.
intrusive
2.4 Ground Water level conditions
Major part of the state, Arunachal Pradesh is hilly and monitoring stations are located along
the southern boundary. The depth to water level in the pre-monsoon period is restricted to 10m.
However, water levels within 5 mbgl have been recorded in most of the stations. In the post
monsoon period also the depth to water level has been found within 10m. There is no significant
decline in water level is observed in pre- and post-monsoon seasons.
2.5 Ground Water Quality
Analysis of water samples collected from the tube wells indicated that ground water in the area
is suitable for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Almost all the constituents are within the
permissible limit barring high iron concentration in some areas. Chemical analysis of Ground
Water samples collected during the various studies conducted by CGWB indicate that the
quality of ground water is good for domestic, industrial and agricultural use. No toxic element
has been reported so far from any parts of the state.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 10

 CHAPTER 3
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION BY AUTOMATION

3.0. INTRODUCTION
While analyzing 2017 dynamic GW resources of India, it was felt that there is an urgent
need for automation of Ground Water Resource Estimation to make the assessment frequent
and effective. This will provide a common and standardized platform using GEC-2015
methodology. This includes a web-based application and its pan-India operationalization. A
GEC dashboard as a final output of automation for the entire India, will be able to show all
type of recharges and discharge components reflecting the overall stage of extraction at the
selected Level (District, tehsil, block, Mandal, blocks, etc.). This will not only help the
Decision makers to make decisions but also empower the stakeholders with knowledge to take
part in the decision-making process. In this context, a project was assigned by the Ministry of
Jal Shakti to IIT Hyderabad who in technical support of Vassar Labs IT Solution, Hyderabad
prepared web-based software known as “INGRES” (INDIA GROUNDWATER RESOURCE
ESTIMATION SOFTWARE) (http://ingres.iith.ac.in).
The GEC 2015 methodology recommends aquifer wise ground water resource
assessment. Ground water resources have two components – Replenishable ground water
resources or Dynamic ground water resources and in-storage resources or Static resources.
GEC 2015 recommends estimation of Replenishable and in-storage ground water resources for
both unconfined and confined aquifers. Wherever the aquifer geometry has not been firmly
established for the unconfined aquifer, the in-storage ground water resources have to be
assessed in the alluvial areas up to the depth of bed rock or 300 m whichever is less. In case of
hard rock aquifers, the depth of assessment would be limited to 100 m. In case of confined
aquifers, if it is known that ground water extraction is being taken place from this aquifer, the
dynamic as well as in-storage resources are to be estimated.
3.1 Advantages of Automation using INGRES:
The process of automation has the following advantages
1. In-GRES is the common portal to input, estimate, analyze, and access static and
dynamic groundwater resources
2. Recharge (in-fluxes) and Extraction (out-fluxes) of groundwater resources are
automated.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 11

 3. Removes all the hurdles associated with manual data entry, computations, report
generation, approvals, and visualization
4. In-GRES is a user-friendly software to dynamically characterize the
administrative/assessment units based on GEC-2015
GEC 2015 Methodology: In-GRES software is based on GEC 2015 methodology for ground
water resources estimation for 3 types of Aquifers: Unconfined Aquifer, Semi-Confined
Aquifer and Confined Aquifer. The resource estimation for an Unconfined Aquifer is based on
the principle of water balance:
Inflow – Outflow = Change in Storage (of an aquifer)
This equation can be further elaborated as:
ΔS= RRF+RSTR+RC+RSWI+RGWI+RTP+RWCS±VF ± LF -GE-T-E-B
Where,
ΔS – Change is storage, RRF – Rainfall recharge, RSTR – Recharge from stream channels,
RC – Recharge from canals, RSWI – Recharge from surface water irrigation,
RGWI – Recharge from ground water irrigation, RTP – Recharge from tanks & ponds
RWCS – Recharge from water conservation structures, VF – Vertical inter aquifer flow
LF – Lateral flow along the aquifer system (throughflow), GE – Ground Water Extraction
T – Transpiration, E – Evaporation and B – Base flow.

India GEC system is divided into 3 modules – Input, Computation and Output.
1. Input module – Input Module refers to the Data Entry module at an Assessment Unit level.
Data Input is done via 2 methods i.e.
i) Excel based input – In this, the user needs to download District level data sheet
template where he/she can fill the data at an Assessment Unit level. User now needs to
upload their fully filled excel sheet into the system.
ii). Form based input – In this, the user is shown a form and he/she can fill/edit the data
in data sheet in an online mode. Once user is done with editing online, he/she can
Submit the data file.
2. Computation module – Computation Module refers to the ground water calculations for an
assessment unit. These computations are based on GEC 2015 methodology and are used to
calculate Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource, Total Current Annual Ground Water
Extraction (utilization) and the percentage of ground water utilization with respect to recharge
(stage of Ground Water Extraction) for an assessment unit. Based on these percentages an

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 12

assessment unit is categorized into SAFE, SEMI-CRITICAL, CRITICAL AND
OVEREXPLOITED categories.
3. Output module: Once categorized, the data is shown in two views:
i) MIS Dashboard – MIS dashboard shows the results of the assessment for the entire India,
and also State wise in tabular form. The MIS dashboard shows all type of recharges,
extractions, inflows and outflows computed for both monsoon and non-monsoon periods of the
year and then reflect the overall stage of extraction at the selected Geo-Zoom Level.
ii) GIS Dashboard – GIS dashboard shows the data in Web Geo-Server format, implemented
in interactive GIS platform allowing user to all GEC related information in the map itself. GIS
view represents the data on India map and color codes of each District/Assessment unit based
on the categorization.
The important input data files containing types of data in INGRES and computed
parameters using the input data are shown in Table 3.1 in abridged form.
Table 3.1: Comparison and recommendations of GEC 2015 with GEC 97
S. N Input Data File in Type of Data Parameters Computed
INGRESS
1 Basic data sheet Recharge Worthy Area, Non-
Recharge Worthy Area, Type of
Soil, Specific Yield, Rainfall
Infiltration Factor
2 Aquifer information of the
Aquifer Data assessment unit i.e. Principal
Aquifer, Major Aquifer and its
code
3 Rainfall Data File 1. Rainfall data assessment unit Rainfall Recharge by
wise Rainfall Infiltration
2. Rain Gauge Data Method (RIF)
3. IMD Grid Data
4. Time Series Data
5 Ground Water Well 1. Assessment unit wise data Monsoon Rainfall
Data File 2. Well wise data Recharge by Water Level
3. Time series data Fluctuation Method
5 Recharge Data File 1.Surface Water Irrigation – Recharge from other
Canal Outlet sources
2. Surface Water Irrigation –
Crop Water Requirement
3. Canal Seepages
4. Tanks & Ponds
5. Water Conservation
Structures

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 13

 6. Water Conservation
Structures
7. Ground Water Irrigation
6 Draft Data File Domestic Groundwater extraction
(i) Unit Draft calculation for
(ii) Consumptive Use Method (i) Domestic
Irrigation (ii) Irrigation
(i) Unit Draft (iii) Industrial
(ii) Power consumption
Industrial
(i) Unit Draft
(ii) Power consumption
7 Inflows and 1. Base Flow
Outflows Data File 2. Additional Base Flow
3. Vertical inter Aquifer flow
4. Lateral Aquifer flow
5. Evapotranspiration
6. Evaporation
7. Transpiration
8. Stream Channels
8 Additional Potential i) Shallow Water Areas
Resources Data File ii) Flood Prone Areas
iii) Spring Discharges
9 Resources of Confined & semi-confined
Confined and Semi- aquifer piezometer data
Confined Aquifer
Data File
10 Urban Area
Resource – Pipelines
and Sewages

User Management: INGRES system has multi-level user to input data, trigger computations
and approval to accept data and estimation of resource. In INGRES, the data validation and
approval of resource computation starts from district level and ends at the Ministry level after
which only the final resource is available in public domain. State, Central Ground Water Board
(CGWB) and Central Level Expert Group (CLEG) act as intermediary admin in between
district and Ministry. The hierarchy is as follows:
❖ District Admin: District admin will either approve district level field user input data
and computations to State Admin or rejects and reverts to field user.
❖ State Admin: State admin initiate the process of resource estimation by uploading the
assessment unit shape file in In-GRES. State admin also upload the Basic Data file. It
either approves the data and computations to State Level Committee (SLC) for

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 14

 estimation of dynamic groundwater resource of the state or rejects and reverts to district
admin.
❖ SLC Admin: SLC admin after examining the resource will either approves the data
and computations to CGWB admin or rejects and reverts to state admin.
❖ CGWB Admin: CGWB admin if satisfied with the computations will approve GWRE
to CLEG or if not satisfied then reverts it to SLC admin.
❖ CLEG Admin: After CLEG’s approval, the report moves to Ministry admin user for
approval.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 15

 CHAPTER 4
GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION IN ARUNACHAL
PRADESH THROUGH INGRES
4.0 INGRES USER MANAGEMENT
The Central Ground Water Board, SUO, Itanagar in coordination with North Eastern
Region, Guwahati has completed the task of uploading the shape files of assessment units, data
entry, triggering computation and validation of computation at super admin level in INGRES.

4.1 Ground water assessment unit

Earlier GWRE had been carried out considering districts of Arunachal Pradesh as
assessment unit which is due to non-availability of block level shape files as well as other
relevant data are difficult to obtain. But to bring uniformity in the GWRE 2023 throughout the
country, the permanent SLC of Arunachal Pradesh has recommended to consider block as the
assessment unit in place of district. However, due to non-availability of block level shape file
with the state authorities, the SLC recommended to prepare block map from the existing village
level map of Govt. of India Census 2011 with a disclaimer that this block level map is prepared
only for groundwater resource estimation purpose. Administrative map showing block
boundary (assessment unit) is given in Plate I.
Out of the total geographical area of an assessment unit, hilly areas i.e. having slope >
20% (78021.62 sq.km.) are identified and subtracted from the total geographical area (83743
sq. km.) of the districts (Geographical area is as per 2011 Census) as these areas have more
run-off than infiltration. Remaining 5721.38 sq. km. area is considered as recharge worthy area
and accordingly ground water resource for that area is calculated. Hydrogeological map of the
district showing various formations is given in Plate II.

4.1.1 Hilly and recharge worthy area:

The blocks that fall under the 5 hilly districts out of 16 districts, namely Upper Siang,
Anjaw, Dibang Valley, Kurung Kumey and Tawang are excluded from ground water resources
estimation exercise as the slope of these districts are more than 20%. There are also 28 number
of blocks in the remaining 11 districts which are not considered for estimation due to its hilly
nature. Recharge worthy area, i.e., areas where slope is less than 20% is very limited and restrict
in the foothill parts of the state. The recharge worthy areas are found out by subtracting the
hilly area from total geographical area of the assessment unit.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 16

4.1.2 Resource Assessment for Command and Non-Command Area
Preliminary data required for resource assessment in command area are geographical
boundary of the command area in an assessment unit, population under command area, season
wise area cultivated, number of ground water structures etc. which are not available with State
Govt. The entire recharge worthy area has been considered as non-command area. Within the
assessment area in each district “Hard rock” and “Soft rock” areas are tentatively demarcated
based on available map and resource for both the said areas are assessed separately for
estimating dynamic and in-storage resource of the un-confined zone.

4.1.3 Poor quality area/ command and non-command area

There is no quality hazard in Arunachal Pradesh as listed in GEC 2015. Therefore, there is no
assessment for poor quality area.
There is no major and medium irrigation scheme in Arunachal Pradesh and as such entire
state is considered as non-command area in the present assessment.

4.2 Rainfall Recharge

Rainfall recharge is estimated in the present assessment by two prescribed methods: rainfall
infiltration factor and ground water level fluctuation methods. However, ground water level
fluctuation method could be used only for selected blocks of six districts, viz., Papum Pare,
Lower Subansiri, East Siang, Lohit, Changlang and Tirap. There are no water level monitoring
stations in remaining five districts.
Rainfall infiltration factor is used to estimate rainfall recharge by considering
recommended rainfall infiltration factor of 22%. The normal rainfall data of Indian
Meteorological Dept. (IMD) is readjusted for resource calculation based on minimum and
maximum threshold values.
Rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed by Rainfall Infiltration Factor
(RIF) method is compared with recharge calculated by Water Level Fluctuation (WLF) method
to determine “PD” factor. When PD factor is not within the range of -20% to 20% than rainfall
recharge estimated by rainfall infiltration factor method is adopted after multiplying with
weightage factor of 0.8 (if >-20%) or 1.2 (if >20%). If PD factor is within a range of - 20% and
+20%, rainfall recharge calculated through water table fluctuation method is adopted.
During estimation of GWRE 2023 for Arunachal Pradesh, recharge calculated through
the two methods are compared. After comparison rainfall recharge estimated by water level
fluctuation is adopted for Pasighat and Ruksin block of East Siang, Namsai of Lohit and Tame
Raga of Lower Subansiri district.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 17

4.2.1 Recharge During Monsoon Season
The sum of normalized monsoon rainfall recharge and the recharge from other sources and
lateral and vertical flows into & out of the sub unit and stream inflows & outflows during
monsoon season is the total recharge/ accumulation during monsoon season for the sub unit.
Similarly, this is to be computed for all the sub units available in the assessment unit.
4.2.2 Recharge During Non-Monsoon Season
The rainfall recharge during non-monsoon season is estimated using rainfall infiltration factor
Method only when the non-monsoon season rainfall is more than 10% of normal annual
rainfall. The sum of non-monsoon rainfall recharge and the recharge from other sources and
lateral and vertical flows into & out of the sub unit and stream inflows & outflows during non-
monsoon season is the total recharge/ accumulation during non-monsoon season for the sub
unit. Similarly, this is to be computed for all the sub units available in the assessment unit.

4.3 Total Annual Ground Water Recharge or Accumulation

The total annual ground water recharge is the sum-total of monsoon and non-monsoon
recharge. An allowance is kept for Environmental Flow (un-accounted natural discharge as
per GEC’97) in the non-monsoon season by deducting 5% of total annual ground water
recharge, where WLF method is employed to compute rainfall recharge during monsoon season
and 10% of total annual ground water recharges where RIF method is employed before getting
the annual extractable ground water resource.
4.4 Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource (EGR)
The Annual Extractable Ground Water Resource (EGR) is computed by deducting the
Total Annual Natural Discharge from Total Annual Ground Water Recharge.
The ground water base flow contribution limited to the ecological flow of the river
should be determined which will be deducted from Annual Ground Water Recharge to
determine Annual Extractable Ground Water Resources (EGR). The ecological flows of the
rivers are to be determined in consultation with Central Water Commission and other
concerned river basin agencies. In case base flow contribution to the ecological flow of rivers
is not determined then following assumption is to be followed.
In the water level fluctuation method, a significant portion of base flow is already
accounted for by taking the post monsoon water level one month after the end of rainfall. The
base flow in the remaining non-monsoon period is likely to be small, especially in hard rock
areas. In the assessment units, where river stage data are not available and neither the detailed
data for quantitative assessment of the natural discharge are available, present practice (GEC

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 18

1997) of allocation of unaccountable natural discharges to 5% or 10% of annual recharge may
be retained. If the rainfall recharge is assessed using water level fluctuation method this will
be 5% of the annual recharge and if it is assessed using rainfall infiltration factor method, it
will be 10% of the annual recharge. The balance will account for Annual Extractable Ground
Water Resources (EGR).

4.5 Estimation of Ground Water Extraction

Ground water draft or extraction is to be assessed as follows.
𝑮𝑨𝑳𝑳 = 𝑮𝑬𝑰𝑹𝑹 + 𝑮𝑬𝑫𝑶𝑴 + 𝑮𝑬𝑰𝑵𝑫 … … … … … … … … … … … … … …(1)
Where,

GEALL = Ground water extraction for all uses

GEIRR = Ground water extraction for irrigation
GEDOM = Ground water extraction for domestic uses
GEIND = Ground water extraction for industrial uses

4.5.1 Ground Water Extraction for Irrigation (GEIRR)

The methods for estimation of ground water extraction are as follows.
Unit Draft Method: – In this method, season-wise unit draft of each type of well in an
assessment unit is estimated. The unit draft of different types (e.g. Dug well, Dug cum bore
well, shallow tube well, deep tube well, bore well etc.) is multiplied with the number of wells
of that particular type to obtain season-wise ground water extraction by that particular structure.
Crop Water Requirement Method: – For each crop, the season-wise net irrigation water
requirement is determined. This is then multiplied with the area irrigated by ground water
abstraction structures. The database on crop area is obtained from Revenue records in Tehsil
office, Agriculture Census and also by using Remote Sensing techniques.
Power Consumption Method: –Ground water extraction for unit power consumption (electric)
is determined. Extraction per unit power consumption is then multiplied with number of units
of power consumed for agricultural pump sets to obtain total ground water extraction for
irrigation.
4.5.2 Ground Water Extraction for Domestic Use (GEDOM)
There are several methods for estimation of extraction for domestic use (GEDOM). Some of the
commonly adopted methods are described here.
Unit Draft Method: – In this method, unit draft of each type of well is multiplied by the number
of wells used for domestic purpose to obtain the domestic ground water extraction.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 19

Consumptive Use Method: – In this method, population is multiplied with per capita
consumption usually expressed in litre per capita per day (lpcd). It can be expressed using
following equation
𝑮𝑬𝑫𝑶𝑴 = 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 × 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 × 𝑳𝒈 … … … … … . … … (2)
L𝒈= Fractional Load on Ground Water for Domestic Water Supply.
The Load on Ground water can be obtained from the Information based on Civic water supply
agencies in urban areas.
Consumptive Use Pattern Method: – In this method, water consumption of different industrial
units is determined. Numbers of Industrial units which are dependent on ground water are
multiplied with unit water consumption to obtain ground water extraction for industrial use.
𝑮𝑬𝑰𝑵𝑫 = 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒇𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒔 × 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒕𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 × 𝑳𝒈 … … … … … . … (3)
Where,
L𝒈= Fractional Load on Ground Water for Domestic Water Supply.
The load on ground water for industrial water supply can be obtained from water supply
agencies in the Industrial belt.
Ground water extraction obtained from different methods need to be compared and based on
field checks, the seemingly best value may be adopted. At times, ground water extraction
obtained by different methods may vary widely. In such cases, the value matching the field
situation should be considered. The storage depletion during a season, where other recharges
are negligible can be taken as ground water extraction during that particular period.
4.5.3 Stage of Ground Water Extraction
The stage of ground water extraction is defined by,
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑮𝑾 𝑬𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝑬𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑮𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑮𝑾 𝑬𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝑼𝒔𝒆𝒔

/𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑬𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝑮𝑾 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒔 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 … … … . . … (4)

The existing gross ground water extraction for all uses refers to the total of existing gross
ground water extraction for irrigation and all other purposes. The stage of ground water
extraction should be obtained separately for command areas, non-command areas and poor
ground water quality areas.
4.5.4 Categorisation of Assessment Unit Based on Quantity
The categorisation based on status of ground water quantity is defined by Stage of Ground
Water Extraction as given below:
Stage of Ground Water Extraction Category
≤ 70% Safe
>70% and ≤90% Semi Critical

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 20

 > 90% and ≤100% Critical
> 100% Over Exploited
4.5.5 Ground water extraction
Ground water extraction includes extraction for domestic, industrial and irrigation use.
GEC 2015 methodology recommends following methods, i.e., unit draft method, power
consumption consumptive use method and consumptive use pattern method for estimating
extraction.
In the present assessment domestic extraction is calculated by consumptive use method.
The data set for this estimation is Population census of 2011. As there is no input of
groundwater dependency data from state government, it is calculated from village amenities
part of census 2011. Dependency for each assessment unit is the ratio of number of households
extracting groundwater from various sources (covered well, uncovered well, hand pump, tube
well and spring) to the total number of households.
Water Resources Department, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh has published district
irrigation plan and provided data of Ground water irrigation through PMKSY. Groundwater
extraction for irrigation is estimated by unit draft method.
Industrial extraction is estimated only for food and beverage industry. Central Ground
Water Authority database is used for estimating the unit draft.

4.6 Recharge from Other Sources

In the present assessment only the recharge from surface water irrigation and Ground
Water irrigation is considered. Surface water & Ground water irrigation data as mentioned
district irrigation plan and provided by WRD, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh is utilized in the
current resource estimation.
The area irrigated by surface irrigation scheme during Kharif and Rabi seasons is
considered for recharge during monsoon and non-monsoon season. Recharge from irrigation
through return flow is calculated for minor irrigation only. Crop wise area brought under
irrigation for monsoon and non-monsoon seasons are not available. Therefore, crop under
monsoon irrigation by surface sources is considered as paddy being major crop while during
non-monsoon season crops other than paddy is considered.

4.7 Inflow and Outflow Components

The inflow components are lateral flow along the aquifer system, vertical flow from
hydraulically connected aquifers. Base flow, stream recharge, evaporation and transpiration are
the outflow components. In the present assessment the lateral and vertical flow components

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 21

could not be determined due to lack of aquifer parameters. Base flow and stream recharge are
also difficult to determine due to lack of stream gauge discharge data. Only two outflow
components are determined in the present assessment, i.e. evaporation and transpiration.
Since field study results of evaporation are not available, it is considered as per guidelines of
GEC 2015 that aquifer losses water through evaporation if the depth of water is within 1.0mbgl
while aquifer losses water through transpiration if the depth of water is within 3.5mbgl.
Evaporation and transpiration losses from aquifer are considered as zero when depth to water
level is more than 1 mbgl and 3.5 mbgl respectively. Rate of evaporation is considered as
1mm/day as per guidelines. Evaporation and transpiration areas are determined from monsoon
and non-monsoon depth-to-water level contour.

4.8 Allocation of Ground Water Resource for Utilization

The net annual ground water availability is to be apportioned between domestic,
industrial and irrigation uses. Among these, as per the National Water Policy, 2002,
requirement for domestic water supply is to be accorded priority. The ground water
requirement for domestic water supply is to be kept based on projected population to 2025. The
GEC’ 15 methodology provides following empirical formula for allocation of ground water for
domestic requirement
A = 22 * N * Lg
Where,
A = Allocation for domestic in mm/year.
N = Projected Population density in assessment unit in thousands per square kilometre.
Lg= Fractional Load on ground water for domestic and industrial water supply
( 1.0)
The net ground water available for future use is obtained by deducting the allocation
for domestic use and current extraction for Irrigation and Industrial uses from the Annual
Extractable Ground Water Recharge.

4.9 Additional Potential Recharge

Additional potential recharge is calculated as per GEC’15 methodology for water
logged and shallow water table areas. Springs are not monitored regularly and systematic
spring discharge data is not available for potential resource calculation.
✓ Potential Resource in Water Logged and Shallow Water Table Areas:
For calculation of potential resource, water logged and shallow water table areas has
been delineated from depth to water (DTW) level map prepared from five years average pre-
monsoon depth-to-water level within 5 m bgl.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 22

 CHAPTER 5
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES
The ground water resource estimation of the state is done on block-wise basis. Resource
has been calculated for 42 blocks in 11 districts of the state. The data used for resource
estimation has been collected in the year 2022-2023. Assessment of ground water resource of
the state has been estimated for the year 2023.
The resource has been computed block-wise (Annexures). Rainfall recharge has been
estimated by employing both Water Level Fluctuation method and Rainfall Infiltration Factor
methods. However, WLF could be used for those blocks where ground water monitoring
stations could be established. Presently only six districts, namely, Papum Pare, Changlang,
Tirap, Lohit, Lower Subansiri and East Siang have GWMS. Sub-unit-wise computation could
not be carried out due to paucity of data.
Table 5.1: Assessment unit wise Water Level data of Arunachal Pradesh of the year 2022
District Assessment Unit Pre monsoon WL Post monsoon WL
PAPUM PARE Balijan 6.38 4.77
PAPUM PARE Doimukh 1.29 0.99
CHANGLANG Khagam 4.74 4.18
TIRAP Khonsa 5.55 6.44
PAPUM PARE Kimin 0.94 0.77
LOHIT Namsai 4.1 2.97
EAST SIANG Pasighat 6.91 4.27
EAST SIANG Ruksin 2.64 1.22
LOWER SUBANSIRI Tame Raga 4.71 1.62

In the present assessment inflow and outflow components are estimated following
guidelines of GEC 2015 (Fig.5.1). Total annual ground water recharge of the state is 465135.96
ham. Rainfall recharge is 317521.21 ham and recharge from other sources is 147614.75 ham.
The outflow components, i.e. evaporation and transpiration together amount 4136.94 ham.
Total natural discharge is 48824.76 ham. So, the annual extractable ground water resources of
the state have been assessed to be 416311.2 ham.
The existing ground water extraction for all uses is 1732.83ham. Of which extraction for
irrigation use is maximum. Extraction for domestic is 699.55ham and industrial extraction is
38.98 ham. Allocation of ground water for domestic use is worked out to be 757.72ham. The
net ground water availability for future use is 414520.22 ham. Overall ground water extraction
is less than 1%.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 23

Table 5.2: Comparison between Ground water resources of Arunachal Pradesh
(based on GEC’2015) for the current (2022-2023) and previous (2021-2022) year
Year of Year of
Estimation Estimation
S. N. ITEM Comparison
(2021- (2022-
2022) 2023)
1 2 3 4 5(4 – 3)
1. Total Annual Ground
447958.02 465135.96 17177.94
Water Recharge (Ham)
Total Natural Discharges
41342.76 48824.76 7482
(Ham)
2. Annual Extractable
Ground Water 9695.94
406615.26 416311.2
Resource(HAM)
Existing Gross Extraction
3209.20 1732.83 -1476.37
(HAM)
Irrigation uses (HAM) 2330.28 994.31 -1335.97
Domestic uses (HAM) 809.98 699.55 -110.43
3. Industrial uses (HAM) 68.92 38.98 -29.94
4. Stage of GW Extraction
0.79 0.42 -0.37
(%)
5. Provision for domestic
893.48 757.72 -135.76
(HAM)
6 Provision for future use
403322.57 414520.22 11197.65
(HAM)

From the comparison table it is observed that estimated total replenishable ground water
resource as on March 2023 is more than 2022 estimate by 9695.94 ham (or nearly 2.38%).
Except extraction for irrigation, other components of GWRE show minor change mainly due
to refinement of data.

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 24

ANNEXURE A

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 25

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 26
Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 27
 ANNEXURE - Block wise Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh (in Ham)
Sl. District Assessmen Total Area Recharge Total Total Annual Groun Ground Ground Total Annual Net Ground Stage of Categori
No t Unit of Worthy Annual Natural Extracta d Water Water Extrac GW Water Ground zation
(Block Assessmen Area(Ha) Ground Disharge ble Water Extracti Extraction tion Allocatio Availability Water (Over-
Name) t Unit (Ha) Water s (Ham) Ground Extrac on for for (Ham) n for for for future Extraction Exploite
(Ham) Water tion Industri Domestic Domestic use (Ham) (%) d/Critica
Recharg Resource for al Use Use (Ham) Use as l/Semi-
e (Ham) Irrigat (Ham) on 2025 Critical/
ion (Ham) Safe/Sali
Use ne)
(Ham)
1 CHANGLANG
Bordumsa 8692.01076 8549.66704 14505.79 1450.58 13055.21 30.08 0 66.7657161 96.85 70.86 12954.27 0.74184942 safe
2 CHANGLANG
Changlang 56798.7519 3136.6862 12028.44 1202.84 10825.6 28.2 0 0.99768735 29.2 1.06 10796.34 0.26973101 safe
3 CHANGLANG
Diyun 14899.2299 7622.61155 14085.04 1408.5 12676.54 37.6 0 51.6598005 89.26 54.82 12584.12 0.70413536 safe
4 CHANGLANG
Khagam 244022.18 25855.1947 22424.97 2242.5 20182.47 33.84 0 52.675194 86.51 55.9 20092.74 0.42863931 safe
5 CHANGLANG Nampong 81057.33 7835.84055 14176.67 1417.66 12759.01 24.44 0 5.42296013 29.86 5.76 12728.81 0.2340307 safe
6 EAST KAMENG Chayangtaj
o 111004.841 6361.99993 4387.66 438.77 3948.89 45.3 0 4.89207675 50.19 5.68 3897.91 1.27099008 safe
7 EAST KAMENG Pakke-
Kessang 55529.0064 6151.32772 2326.08 232.61 2093.47 30.2 0 0.57338215 30.77 0.67 2062.6 1.4698085 safe
8 EAST KAMENG
Seijosa 69182.795 14737.3383 5563.45 556.34 5007.11 51.34 0 2.572812 53.91 2.99 4952.78 1.07666898 safe
9 EAST KAMENG
Seppa 51358.7011 3999.33409 3496.71 349.67 3147.04 39.26 0 5.95854105 45.22 6.92 3100.86 1.43690579 safe
10 EAST SIANG Mebo 78432.6612 50854.2455 38271.9 3827.19 34444.71 44.5 0 19.2489941 63.75 20.08 34380.13 0.18507922 safe
11 EAST SIANG Pasighat 29279.4802 21043.1995 17583.62 1089.93 16493.69 48.06 0 18.6605958 66.72 19.47 16426.16 0.40451833 safe
12 EAST SIANG Ramle
Bango 51639.5803 9317.14847 9593.59 1159.23 8434.36 39.16 0 7.64797275 46.81 7.98 8387.22 0.55499172 safe
13 EAST SIANG
Ruksin 45589.2631 28885.4065 19854.82 2753.29 17101.53 46.28 0 17.3764784 63.65 18.13 17037.13 0.37218892 safe
14 LOHIT Chongkha
m 86456.9595 66920.4967 36930.32 3697.19 33233.13 24.8 0 41.2977279 66.1 43.56 33164.77 0.19889791 safe
15 LOHIT Lekang_M
ahadevpur 10672.6856 10620.012 7171.05 744.25 6426.8 29.45 0 61.1349998 90.59 64.49 6332.85 1.40956619 safe
16 LOHIT
Namsai 41618.2053 35190.6897 18931.92 1195.51 17736.41 26.35 8.16 96.8821106 131.39 102.19 17599.71 0.74079253 safe
17 LOHIT Tezu 174097.334 58688.0095 32579.87 3257.99 29321.88 27.9 0.24 17.6992844 45.84 18.67 29275.07 0.15633377 safe
18 LOHIT Wakro 208354.816 28580.7921 16666.09 1666.61 14999.48 31 0 7.7357808 38.73 8.16 14960.33 0.25820895 safe
19 LOWER
DIBANG
VALLEY Dambuk 117961.546 45289.8935 33659.9 3365.99 30293.91 56.84 0 9.22528558 66.07 9.43 30227.64 0.21809664 safe
20 LOWER
DIBANG Roing-
VALLEY Koronu 122994.661 74710.1065 51819.52 5181.95 46637.57 58 0 21.9816432 79.98 22.47 46557.1 0.17149264 safe

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 28

 Sl. District Assessmen Total Area Recharge Total Total Annual Groun Ground Ground Total Annual Net Ground Stage of Categori
No t Unit of Worthy Annual Natural Extracta d Water Water Extrac GW Water Ground zation
(Block Assessmen Area(Ha) Ground Disharge ble Water Extracti Extraction tion Allocatio Availability Water (Over-
Name) t Unit (Ha) Water s (Ham) Ground Extrac on for for (Ham) n for for for future Extraction Exploite
(Ham) Water tion Industri Domestic Domestic use (Ham) (%) d/Critica
Recharg Resource for al Use Use (Ham) Use as l/Semi-
e (Ham) Irrigat (Ham) on 2025 Critical/
ion (Ham) Safe/Sali
Use ne)
(Ham)
21 LOWER
SUBANSIRI Tame Raga 195220.791 2267.60995 1344.74 300.13 1044.61 10.15 0 7.30619588 17.45 9.03 1025.44 1.67047989 safe
22 LOWER
SUBANSIRI Yachuli 93518.7715 4094.29111 1937.35 193.74 1743.61 36.25 0 4.8582303 41.11 6 1701.36 2.35775202 safe
23 LOWER
SUBANSIRI Ziro I 62060.4379 3773.09894 1813.97 181.4 1632.57 30.45 0 9.45100888 39.9 11.68 1590.44 2.44399934 safe
24 PAPUM PARE
Balijan 60904.0241 3562.66992 5386.43 702.04 4684.39 27.48 0 19.604442 47.09 23.65 4633.25 1.00525362 safe
25 PAPUM PARE
Doimukh 49495.808 7651.94449 7786.94 1860.18 5926.76 25.19 29.4 70.3019675 124.89 84.8 5787.37 2.10722216 safe
26 PAPUM PARE
Kimin 52633.5901 2814.14267 4943.78 1735.28 3208.5 20.61 0 10.345049 30.96 12.48 3175.41 0.96493689 safe
27 PAPUM PARE
Sagalee 116788.892 3790.24291 5520.07 578.85 4941.22 27.48 0 1.8323657 29.31 2.21 4911.53 0.59317335 safe
28 TIRAP
Kanubari 23376.1426 2410.76808 1577.57 157.76 1419.81 6.64 0 9.9609741 16.61 10.32 1402.84 1.16987484 safe
29 TIRAP
Khonsa 61554.7024 3498.86872 2239.33 223.93 2015.4 4.98 0 5.7396834 10.72 5.95 2004.47 0.53190434 safe
30 TIRAP
Namsang 33618.923 4658.75475 2944.77 294.47 2650.3 3.32 0 13.6350605 16.96 14.13 2632.85 0.63992756 safe
31 TIRAP Niausa 33248.7399 1931.60845 1283.59 128.36 1155.23 1.66 0 18.9736052 20.63 19.66 1133.91 1.78579157 safe
32 UPPER
SUBANSIRI Daporijo 25680.6804 320.33 7095.09 709.51 6385.58 10.56 0 1.27287545 11.83 1.59 6373.43 0.18526117 safe
33 UPPER
SUBANSIRI Dumporijo 53039.1705 379.67 7112.56 711.25 6401.31 8.8 0 2.23832235 11.04 2.8 6389.71 0.1724647 safe
34 WEST KAMENG
Dirang 191769.324 1367.98299 3831.71 383.17 3448.54 1.16 0 4.5574265 5.72 4.74 3442.64 0.16586729 safe
35 WEST KAMENG
Kalaktang 175068.906 1648.48541 3955.67 395.57 3560.1 0 0 0.797379 0.79 0.83 3559.28 0.02219039 safe
36 WEST KAMENG
Nafra 165211.402 1160.54373 3739.65 373.97 3365.68 1.16 0 1.588334 2.75 1.65 3362.87 0.08170711 safe
37 WEST KAMENG
Singchung 98915.8823 583.463443 3483.04 348.31 3134.73 0 0 3.15745623 3.15 3.28 3131.46 0.10048712 safe
38 WEST KAMENG
Thrizino 111234.486 1414.52443 3852.88 385.29 3467.59 2.32 0 1.18020925 3.5 1.23 3464.04 0.10093465 safe
39 WEST SIANG
Basar 68943.1035 2676.41624 4842.63 484.26 4358.37 14.1 0 0.3189516 14.42 0.33 4343.94 0.33085764 safe
40 WEST SIANG
Darak 74531.0147 1566.22595 4267.19 426.72 3840.47 0 0 0.16106173 0.16 0.17 3840.3 0.00416616 safe
41 WEST SIANG
Likabali 83026.8097 2980.45644 4996.41 499.65 4496.76 9.4 1.18 1.69888703 12.28 1.74 4484.44 0.27308551 safe
42 WEST SIANG
Rumgong 43265.472 3235.90136 5123.18 512.32 4610.86 0 0 0.15716718 0.16 0.16 4610.7 0.00347007 safe

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 29

ANNEXURE 1

DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF Arunachal Pradesh, 2023

Arunachal Pradesh (in BCM)
Ground Water Recharge Current Annual Ground Water Extraction Annual
Net
Monsoon Season Non-Monsoon Season Annual GW Stage of
Ground
Total Extractable Allocation Ground
States / Union Water
S.NO Recharge Recharge Total Natural Ground for Water
Territories Recharge Recharge Irrigation Industrial Domestic Total Availability
from from Annual Discharges Water Domestic Extraction
from from for future
other other Ground Resource use as on (%)
rainfall Rainfall use
Sources Sources Water 2025
Recharge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
ARUNACHAL
1 PRADESH 2.11 0.66 1.06 0.81 4.65 0.49 4.16 0.01 0.0003 0.01 0.02 0.01 4.15 0.42
Total(bcm) 2.11 0.66 1.06 0.81 4.65 0.49 4.16 0.01 0.0003 0.01 0.02 0.01 4.15 0.42

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 30

ANNEXURE 2 - District wise Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh (in Ham)
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF Arunachal Pradesh, 2023
ARUNACHAL PRADESH (in Ham)

Ground Water Recharge Current Annual Ground Water Extraction

Annual
Annual
GW Net Ground Stage of
Total Extracta
Monsoon Season Non-Monsoon Season Allocatio Water Ground
S.N Name of Natural ble
n for Availability Water
O District Discharg Ground
Total Irrigatio Indust Domestic for future Extraction
Recharge Recharge es Water Domestic Total
Recharg Recharg Annual n rial use as on use (%)
from from Resource
e from e from Ground 2025
rainfall other Rainfall other Water
Sources Sources Recharge
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
CHANGLAN
1 G 16679.04 23267.1 7569.09 29705.68 77220.91 7722.08 69498.83 154.16 0 177.52 331.68 188.4 69156.28 0.48
EAST
2 KAMENG 8567.56 1766.35 3180.99 2259 15773.9 1577.39 14196.51 166.1 0 14 180.09 16.26 14014.15 1.27
EAST
3 SIANG 58602.28 5556.8 14046.82 7098.03 85303.93 8829.64 76474.29 178 0 62.93 240.93 65.66 76230.64 0.32
4 LOHIT 62562.81 3416.79 41934.2 4365.45 112279.25 10561.55 101717.7 139.5 8.4 224.75 372.65 237.07 101332.73 0.37
LOWER
DIBANG
5 VALLEY 41521.92 5011.42 32545.92 6400.16 85479.42 8547.94 76931.48 114.84 0 31.21 146.05 31.9 76784.74 0.19
LOWER
6 SUBANSIRI 2475.32 516.76 1442.42 661.56 5096.06 675.27 4420.79 76.85 0 21.62 98.46 26.71 4317.24 2.23
PAPUM
7 PARE 8131.72 5784.91 2332.98 7387.61 23637.22 4876.35 18760.87 100.76 29.4 102.08 232.25 123.14 18507.56 1.24

8 TIRAP 5952.27 190.74 1658.41 243.84 8045.26 804.52 7240.74 16.6 0 48.31 64.92 50.06 7174.07 0.9
UPPER
9 SUBANSIRI 141.52 7558.08 73.65 6434.4 14207.65 1420.76 12786.89 19.36 0 3.51 22.87 4.39 12763.14 0.18
WEST
10 KAMENG 2342.96 7081.88 397.31 9040.8 18862.95 1886.31 16976.64 4.64 0 11.28 15.91 11.73 16960.29 0.09
WEST
11 SIANG 4445.28 6091.03 916.74 7776.36 19229.41 1922.95 17306.46 23.5 1.18 2.34 27.02 2.4 17279.38 0.16

12 Total(Ham) 211422.68 66241.86 106098.53 81372.89 465135.96 48824.76 416311.2 994.31 38.98 699.55 1732.83 757.72 414520.22 0.42

13 Total(Bcm) 2.11 0.66 1.06 0.81 4.65 0.49 4.16 0.01 0.0003 0.01 0.02 0.01 4.15 0.42

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 31

ANNEXURE 3A
CATEGORIZATION OF BLOCKS/ MANDALS/ TALUKAS IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH ( 2023)

Semi- Over-
Safe Critical Critical Exploited Saline

S.No States / Union Territories Total No. of Assessed Units Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % Nos. % Nos. %

1 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 42 42 100.0 - - - - - - - -

Grand Total 42 42 100.0 - - - - - - - -

ANNEXURE 3B
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH, 2023
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline

S.No Name of District Total No. of Assessed Units

No % No. % No. % No. % No. %

1 CHANGLANG 5 5 100.0 - - - - - - - -
2 EAST KAMENG 4 4 100.0 - - - - - - - -
3 EAST SIANG 4 4 100.0 - - - - - - - -
4 LOHIT 5 5 100.0 - - - - - - - -
LOWER DIBANG
5 VALLEY 2 2 100.0 - - - - - - - -
6 LOWER SUBANSIRI 3 3 100.0 - - - - - - - -
7 PAPUM PARE 4 4 100.0 - - - - - - - -
8 TIRAP 4 4 100.0 - - - - - - - -
9 UPPER SUBANSIRI 2 2 100.0 - - - - - - - -
10 WEST KAMENG 5 5 100.0 - - - - - - - -
11 WEST SIANG 4 4 100.0 - - - - - - - -

12 Total 42 42 100.0 - - - - - - - -

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 32

ANNEXURE 3C

ANNUAL EXTRACTABLE RESOURCE OF ASSESSMENT UNITS UNDER DIFFERENT CATEGORIES, 2023

Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline

S.N State/Union Total Annual Total Total Total

o Territories Extractable Annual % Total Annual % Annual % Annual % %
Resource of Extractabl Extractable Extractable Extractable Total Annual
Assessed Units e Resource Resource (in Resource Resource Extractable
(in mcm) (in mcm) mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm) Resource (in mcm)
ARUNACH
AL
1 PRADESH 4163.11 4163.11 100 - - - - - - - -
Grand
Total (in
mcm) 4163.11 4163.11 100 - - - - - - - -
ANNEXURE 3D
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH, 2023
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
Total Total Total
S.No Name of District Total Annual Annual Annual Annual Total Annual
Total Annual Extractable Extractable % Extractabl % Extractabl % Extractable % Extractable %
Resource of Assessed Units Resource (in e Resource e Resource Resource (in Resource (in mcm)
(in mcm) mcm) (in mcm) (in mcm) mcm)
1 CHANGLANG 694.99 694.99 100 - - - - - - - -
2 EAST KAMENG 141.97 141.97 100 - - - - - - - -
3 EAST SIANG 764.74 764.74 100 - - - - - - - -
4 LOHIT 1017.18 1017.18 100 - - - - - - - -
LOWER DIBANG
5 - - - - - - - -
VALLEY 769.31 769.31 100
LOWER
6 - - - - - - - -
SUBANSIRI 44.21 44.21 100
7 PAPUM PARE 187.61 187.61 100 - - - - - - - -
8 TIRAP 72.41 72.41 100 - - - - - - - -
9 UPPER SUBANSIRI 127.87 127.87 100 - - - - - - - -
10 WEST KAMENG 169.77 169.77 100 - - - - - - - -
11 WEST SIANG 173.06 173.06 100 - - - - - - - -
Grand total (in
- - - - - - - -
mcm) 4163.11 4163.11 100

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 33

ANNEXURE 3E
AREA OF ASSESSMENT UNITS UNDER DIFFERENT CATEGORIES IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH (2023)
Total Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
Geographical
Area of Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge Recharge
States / Assessed Worthy Worthy Worthy Worthy Worthy Worthy
Union Units (in sq Area (in Area in sq Area in sq Area in sq Area in sq Area in sq
S.No Territories km) sq km) km % km % km % km % km %
ARUNACHAL
1 PRADESH 83743 5721.38 5721.38 100 - - - - - - - -
Total 83743 5721.38 5721.38 100 - - - - - - - -
Grand Total 83743 5721.38 5721.38 100 - - - - - - - -

ANNEXURE 3F
DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH, 2023
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Safe Semi-Critical Critical Over-Exploited Saline
Total Recharge Worthy Recharge Recharge Recharge
S.No Name of District Area of Assessed Units Recharge Worthy Recharge
Worthy Area Worthy Area Worthy Area
(in sq.km) Area of Assessed % % % % Worthy Area %
of Assessed of Assessed of Assessed
Units (in sq.km) of Assessed
Units (in sq.km) Units (in sq.km) Units (in sq.km)
Units (in sq.km)
1 CHANGLANG 530.0 530.0 100.0 - - - - - - - -
2 EAST KAMENG 312.5 312.5 100.0 - - - - - - - -
3 EAST SIANG 1101.0 1101.0 100.0 - - - - - - - -
4 LOHIT 2000.0 2000.0 100.0 - - - - - - - -
5 LOWER DIBANG VALLEY 1200.0 1200.0 100.0 - - - - - - - -
6 LOWER SUBANSIRI 101.35 101.35 100.0 - - - - - - - -
7 PAPUM PARE 178.19 178.19 100.0 - - - - - - - -
8 TIRAP 125.0 125.0 100.0 - - - - - - - -
9 UPPER SUBANSIRI 7.0 7.0 100.0 - - - - - - - -
10 WEST KAMENG 61.75 61.75 100.0 - - - - - - - -
11 WEST SIANG 104.59 104.59 100.0 - - - - - - - -
Total 5721.38 5721.0 100.0 - - - - - - - -

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 34

ANNEXURE 4A
CATEGORISATION OF ASSESSMENT UNIT, 2023
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
Name of
Name of Semi-
Name of Critical
S.NO S.NO Critical Assessment S.NO S.NO Name of Over-Exploited Assessment Units
District Assessment
Units
Units
ABSTRACT

Total No. of Number of Semicritical Number of Critical Assessment

Number of Over Exploited Assessment Units
Assessed Units Assessment Units Units

42 0 0 0

ANNEXURE 4B
QUALITY PROBLEMS IN ASSESSMENT UNITS, 2023
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
S.NO Name of District S.NO Name of Assessment Units S.NO Name of Assessment Units S.NO Name of Assessment
affected by Fluoride affected by Arsenic Units affected by
Salinity

ABSTRACT
Total No. of Assessed Units Number of Assessment Units affected by Number of Assessment Units affected by Number of Assessment Units affected
Fluoride Arsenic by Salinity

0 0 0 0

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 35

Categorisation Map of Arunachal Pradesh

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 36

 Plate I : Administrative map showing block boundary (assessment unit)

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 37

 PLATE II: Hydrogeological Map of Arunachal Pradesh

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 38

 Map Description Groundwater
Symbol Potentiality

Thrust

Newer Alluvium Unconsolidated Moderate yield, 30-

3
Formation 50m /hr. Drawdown within
Older Alluvium 10 to 15m.

Namsang & Dihing Semi- Low yield, up to 20m3/hr.

Formations consolidated Draw down within 25m.
Formation
Siwalik Group

Surma & Naharkatia

Groups

Barail Group

Disang Group

Yingkiong Group

Lower Gondwana Group

Dirang & Lumla

Formations Low yield, 5 to 15m3/hr in
fissured formation
Bomdila Group

Se La Group
Consolidated
Mishmi Formation Formation

Tidding Formation

Yang Sangchu Formation

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Tertiary Tourmaline Granite

Yield up to 5m3/hr in
Lohit Granitoid metasediments and igneous
rocks
Abor Volcanic

Palaeoproterozoic

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 39

 Table 1: Rainfall (in mm)

Non- Maximum Minimum RIF

Monsoon
Monsoon threshold threshold
S. Location (in m) (10% of
District Assessment Unit
No Code *Normal *Normal annual
(mm) (mm) normal
rainfall)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 AR020300 CHANGLANG Diyun 1690.4 909.1 2599.5 259.95 0.22
2 AR110200 LOWER SUBANSIRI Yachuli 1276.3 860.6 2136.9 213.69 0.22
3 AR020100 CHANGLANG Bordumsa 1690.4 909.1 2599.5 259.95 0.22
4 AR130500 PAPUM PARE Sagalee 2408.0 928.8 3000.0 333.68 0.22
5 AR040800 EAST KAMENG Seppa 1459.8 676.3 2136.1 213.61 0.22
6 AR130300 PAPUM PARE Kimin 2408.0 928.8 3000.0 333.68 0.22
7 AR020200 CHANGLANG Changlang 1690.4 909.1 2599.5 259.95 0.22
LOWER DIBANG 3000.0 350.7
1923.5 1583.5
8 AR090300 VALLEY Roing-Koronu 0.22
9 AR080400 LOHIT Tezu 1750.1 1253.4 3000.0 300.35 0.22
10 AR020700 CHANGLANG Nampong 1690.4 909.1 2599.5 259.95 0.22
11 AR110100 LOWER SUBANSIRI Tame Raga 1276.3 860.6 2136.9 213.69 0.22
12 AR080300 LOHIT Namsai 1750.1 1253.4 3000.0 300.35 0.22
13 AR180200 UPPER SUBANSIRI Daporijo 1093.6 652.9 1746.5 174.65 0.22
14 AR190500 WEST KAMENG Thrizino 1976.8 544.6 2521.4 252.14 0.22
15 AR160100 TIRAP Kanubari 2510.4 949.0 3000.0 345.94 0.22
16 AR190200 WEST KAMENG Kalaktang 1976.8 544.6 2521.4 252.14 0.22
17 AR040700 EAST KAMENG Seijosa 1459.8 676.3 2136.1 213.61 0.22
18 AR160200 TIRAP Khonsa 2510.4 949.0 3000.0 345.94 0.22
19 AR110300 LOWER SUBANSIRI Ziro I 1276.3 860.6 2136.9 213.69 0.22
20 AR160400 TIRAP Namsang 2510.4 949.0 3000.0 345.94 0.22
LOWER DIBANG 3000.0 350.7
1923.5 1583.5
21 AR090100 VALLEY Dambuk 0.22
22 AR180300 UPPER SUBANSIRI Dumporijo 1093.6 652.9 1746.5 174.65 0.22
23 AR190100 WEST KAMENG Dirang 1976.8 544.6 2521.4 252.14 0.22
24 AR080200 LOHIT Lekang_Mahadevpur 1750.1 1253.4 3000.0 300.35 0.22
25 AR050100 EAST SIANG Mebo 3397.0 1021.8 3000.0 441.88 0.22
26 AR130100 PAPUM PARE Balijan 2408.0 928.8 3000.0 333.68 0.22
27 AR201100 WEST SIANG Rumgong 2223.2 689.7 2912.9 291.29 0.22
28 AR050400 EAST SIANG Ramle Bango 3397.0 1021.8 3000.0 441.88 0.22
29 AR080500 LOHIT Wakro 1750.1 1253.4 3000.0 300.35 0.22
30 AR130200 PAPUM PARE Doimukh 2408.0 928.8 3000.0 333.68 0.22
31 AR200700 WEST SIANG Likabali 2223.2 689.7 2912.9 291.29 0.22
32 AR200300 WEST SIANG Basar 2223.2 689.7 2912.9 291.29 0.22
33 AR200400 WEST SIANG Darak 2223.2 689.7 2912.9 291.29 0.22
34 AR020400 CHANGLANG Khagam 1690.4 909.1 2599.5 259.95 0.22
35 AR190300 WEST KAMENG Nafra 1976.8 544.6 2521.4 252.14 0.22
36 AR080100 LOHIT Chongkham 1750.1 1253.4 3000.0 300.35 0.22
37 AR050300 EAST SIANG Pasighat 3397.0 1021.8 3000.0 441.88 0.22
38 AR160500 TIRAP Niausa 2510.4 949.0 3000.0 345.94 0.22
39 AR040500 EAST KAMENG Pakke-Kessang 1459.8 676.3 2136.1 213.61 0.22
40 AR040300 EAST KAMENG Chayangtajo 1459.8 676.3 2136.1 213.61 0.22
41 AR190400 WEST KAMENG Singchung 1976.8 544.6 2521.4 252.14 0.22
42 AR050600 EAST SIANG Ruksin 3397.0 1021.8 3000.0 441.88 0.22

Report on the Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Arunachal Pradesh, 2023 40