.

GeiECHN CA L EN Gh 14 ¢ces dene f

(Y)
48) soli mechew'rs ta w eturaHd uuit cwt tatupt
, 1er2a_h (15 chuis amel
the apbicabein ot la ef neproeblems dealing s l r w ) to its tetal Vu wne
ytoou'i to ugiueen Wsat
Sece luewh an othes uneonsoidate
accuu ulah on ef Spli'd Pahles podutecf
: b the mechacal and cheu eal' diinteg
weignt ef sde (ws) to he vef.
Cn t n Rotro of
Cotuewk.
#.Ssel as 3-phae yetey i
Satl
SKalefen
Speuific gravity ef sol(Gs)i2.
Air. 7
Votoy and w
tRelatio nsh'p yu ws, enherd)
3. PashalAy fatuseed'wE ef coil sed, tetal ot ,coafer
Air
Js (14 o)
s
seid.

Dry soi! G). n V = Vy

fully Jaturateol Vt
1e

Pheye diasrau of soil 1+e

|iD. byw e, , Gs, S. >.

1. (mt - wwght (deui) i
V-Tehal wwerght Ys Vw
fo fal veluue
2. wates euteut (w)'
Faole. 4 is
deine
atio ef vellue voidy (.Y4
3. Vod Ratio (e) -o Soicy G. yw
beteinateen
Ve 1. Lleteo (entcet
4. Porosity of velwne
(n): Ratioveluie, os yecs
measud in
to the votne teta
aje dy Soi!.

B6oK- Gopal Ronj au oR BC Puh mia

S. Deqrec of safurah'en (s) Seld
+he ctes to
vceme ef the
Ratio
[his i L()Dren Dry thod
Vo x10t 2. AtBer berg limit /onsisteney
up mas.

state

stale : stae
Katio e wt. y Col solidi(W:)to the total
veluw
 borre pr! has e t e ontet ot 1sy.
SezwG
Vs Detes mine Deqeee ef Saturahen, Saturateo
tit weight o sail. Vb:l9gm/ce:
S: Vw
V Vo Vu
Ch:2-)
Vb: Vs(at se)
Vs

: ys (1 + w) p.
1+e.
Va
D
Vs yuw
e- 0 63

Gyu t Sey
1 4e. 1+e
1+e

Atu We: shein kage init

wp: plask uimit lorçe
5. Grhen goil is micd Gath stateuiatet, the sesul.
tng sus pensz on is 1n oGeéd an sotl
14 e. no 4oflow, Hhe seilhas
sentance
no strength. 1{ the sate Centeat ic qloatel
c stese cees Ghen Jel jwt begin
yw. sedueec
ffering esistanle to fle. This t the stågr
14e heauingstreugt
simal strelst td chages ten the
to Hhe plaghstate.
Cyefer Centeest bjus tee
dayy welkt i 18 Ka!. sp. araityit 26) Stcefc Gnc
Detcrwmike tthe wat (entud ferolity, imit
veid Raho ond degree o satutafien. meutded in any shope Houtfurin
be
phase dig it, due to iks plasicty,
W = 2o kn Jo change
Wa 2 KN
Casegrande Appavatus
(Slope mwt Be-re)Jo

Centeuf slope Flow Inder.

Ws
18 Vs0.68)

Thi's is Flow Curve

Vy = 0.312 m3

qinen i'n Is 2720

(Pot 14)
4 Playhc Linit ( wp)i,
the
the wete Centet fug thur (ed eue of
6S. 34 . Btcte te
a ontez Cendeet ohieh is callec plat'e lind.
c-312/ 2 te Jeu Se d stete, the sell olo not
sne lehuy. It be Cemes boitte cohen
 ). etcrminahen ef Plash'e liut The shnnlcage mit, s t the
oatee conteut at C
Reuge of mertere aont in oro cheh seil Ws.
exhlbits' plasti chy wt f Wafer in : (Wy-W)-(v-V),
abeut plaahcity of sel. D ). cot of 'waters = i-Hs
Normaty
i) loss ef wates =( Vy-V)yw
Ip dypes of Serl
Non- p layh'e

Medien Plasdt,
Highiy plah'e t#t shrinkqe Ratbio i- (sR),
tt shuin kege linit .
Uf to the Seni-soue state, the socl onay
fuly Saterefeol and qny reducon in the GOhet e
Volume of Wefer leQut N.-vel,
equrl Seduch Or in the vonein an
t
almost
sal m&
l weught t bater
c) A-furtheere gedeeh en (cn tcu w1
in the
(oufat, brnss Says thet ua honusaten t

i dcroee) e
motre tine volçue.ot Y90l mots does Va : vel. af
not de
tosese futeure but emcun fane dry sel maus
the
S@ebte hauges CoTt espendang octer centet
tate to folid stete rom toe semsolid
-Hhe bounolan +Relabve consistency or Gntisteney
limit Lndex( I)
,Be Low this ; whatira/ weter ont
imit the sauole Lecaeg Ip
(urface ca the roll
lenser fully Catutd. Bet the seLl is Semi-sai'c
Cefo the Saufple beginu to change Ánd aai! be e
sid state
stif and had
- . Shin kage liit dcteminah on tet
it talees in 3 dcuy. #. Ligucdity Index ( I,) -
(v,-V2) w Natusa water
Cem tet
Ws
#. foughne¢s Index (I) i
Ie floaw Index.
pat. (b), Soil pat ct (). bry sail pat Ip: plashety Index,
shinkcge #-Speute Gravity a Seil ( 6)
t contai ner nen-veeye Vi ool hay a
hatr

ig6) gepresent the dryinS Gp f sauyle weter.

a ahich the coafer contetat certain stage
be cemes euau to the sinKoge lamit eubty
bottfe
te At th point, Velume
derseaes to
to We. The 3aulc S stiu in Safurakd t eptpbttte
state + dry Ssil.
kage Gimit,
Qil). Geyend te shrintth the seuple
Cnh nues to ry no >further vel.
water
decree sntill t eahes the dry stati
Sheen in k).. A# s stage, the dry ot Cot ry seil, hlg W- li
ef seil souple and itt velume ae measu wt water,
Aso, wt f wafet , (W Wg-Wi
 ho) ot. ef tHhe hsaler ealuvtlet the w). For cUnifomy gredecPoorly
sail oeu'oe
wtthank Ce :(1 to 3) +
=(kla- hli) -( W3 -kle)
Hui
(00. Ce 4 for greuels
Sauoy sel'l
lal-W1
(Hlq-wy)-( s-be) Des x D3o
# Grain Size Distyi butbn (nsb) : Soo qm cdry Socl jubjeeted to
Sieve Aelyss. The
en eaca sieve
Ge alder obble Course grein sacl IS Sieve Gite
nne grain eii 4:)S m m
hrave Sand 2.00 mm
Silt 4 (oy
oarse 1-o0
4-)5 2.0 Q.426
0.07S
42S 8
(mn) O«D) <0.02
212 A
we are intereteal in Hheye 30

'sierr Aucly is
meth d ).Hydrometen Plet the grculn si de cretibhen Curveaad
methe
t.Sieve Auclysis -
G). sedineutat clefermine
). Peree uicye ef qrerel, Cealse, Scunol, mau
Wet Sieve Anceys'.
Sse sm seil ie taken mm sand, fine and, s(t clay frach'on per
latest
f the top and the
snellest Ìs «pestured
t bottem siere
IS Coce

7.ekatuc en apabala =t- ef soi< retuned en

siere that sEtt Siere i) Uniferemly Gaticent
), Cummulahe (). Grcclahen of Saul.
Gefeueo
ef ag zes cund the sefaind (u)
Gn that StStere
grotn(nat retein
).]7.se Finer 10o - Cummalatie V. reluadl, 4->
2-co
4-75 2. 2
2 l6s 33 3
+. Grain(Parhde) Size Distibubir Cuve i 20
425 42
ferceute
Aner
2) 2 O-212
40 22
75
4
4
ner
demi-( wths
40

30

0.001
It is Se ni-Keg saph (mm)
o. 2/2
0. well- graded Sacl
OO. Poevly graded ni fov nly graded, (mm)
. Skip o (mp gracled setl 4-)Smm
Dyo, bo Dso aac important stuch tat 98-65 = 337. (4-25 fo 2wm)
|G2 7.e meolcm Sand 6s- 28 -377. (2 to
0"925,
(i) 7. f fne san 22-4- 24% o.4s.0)-)
effe che si~e sg effechie cianetr. .2 Silt-iacy Frachtn- 4% (< 0.02Smm)
(L Unifex mity of (ku) DO3 m
Do. 13-&.,ty. Ce= (o.s.J
1< Cu <4 O-13 /dxi:3
 thee ferne, Sol i graclecd, Ist|.Cus
CLess cheik.
+. sedncutab tn er wet Sie ve Analy 4is 2c.o2s
3c
las Heydro mekr Analysis
Ac peY Stoke s las

pastile (bn) Scdimntation

the jar bfere tehe
ime)on t hy dv
Sphcicd parbee la) meter
V: velo city of the
pashii
Cselid)(m3.
(10mlvel
va Vírceuty in Peise
981 m

(6-1)9o
18
After cenvie +hen
(in mm) ) Sodiu m lera meta Phosphate
(NapoL)6
(i), 1 pese = 0.1 for Ceveeee, the hydmeer
N.s/m2 readins e recerded ateu Suttralts
(O) 2 a parhde ' mn fals hi tsm a nt, 1 anci muthplyig the imanirs o'gis
V=Hennin. > V=He (1-610 -1) x1roo : 1O
t
6ccet
. A{ter Subshitzon )ReadinGs en hydremeter sten qie the
18x106 He duuity the Ail Suupensiensitakd
3000 4e fine.
6eoc t
t . let H be the hei'sht in Cm betwee
arg hydromekr reading Rn and -he nek
D: in mm)
(4)

to a,
(G)Y hydrometer dsvicdad
the internd area ot {he
Sirce, e depends cupon tenp. h.
A oj the jat.( )
COS-Secben
Vartes ith tenp. At 2), thatr7ere F a) In fiqC b-b rnit to b1b1 the
O-008SS poise rise beirn equal to
bË-b i8 ereperdingvh2A: The level
Sintei 1 peise - i KN:)m the blb -to 4he center
+
a)-)
.. y: b (9:21) (2. A
6-3):1c77
12x0zo-00 2Sxr6 (m/s) V,: 72un h=16.6 cn, Area 6t
Jau (A) : 30?
Canitat (h-V )
He= H+ ert.
 (Tt scefey Henge , denaity ef the Suspensi en
1et procedure
() Add qn t dy sotl
(n, a
Take
iv). Jn
ditpersien agcut; (Na P03
weter ir
sest
moreNeadiug athydremeer in the jc an ta
Keaen
min, 1, 2, 4 8, A1me24 i,2 teva 4, &,1g, 30 100o

# ore l6, 48 ht.

(1). chen to
atute Hydvome
1oo G
Teuper
eaclus
fe it
Corveeh'en ( t
-

ydrome fer
Wa (G-1) xR

Shold be anc
Ker heee he teap. Coiec" i2es raugini fren o-Smm to ood mm
I8 put en the Sufece s Hhe steel tenk
Test
tep.< 27c - Rh ii be S m deep. caceelate Hhe
moie Gn q
me et Settfemerit
the Co crsest ard 4he finest p
0. Re=Co (oiteehen -e
rrected tadromeder Rdiy of the
atole te the hs
betto m ot the tauk
Acuye, G 2. 6 6 onol viacoti ty o-o1(p4Be
2. Vs : (Os - ye)
Diape rsing Agent Cerrechen (Ca)
ded Saul is takon
3.
Meruscus Correch'en (Crm) t for Seclnen taten cnalysnt. Thi hy dron
eBer eeehing in a leil Srpenen 3o ung
Cosoe chm. ter the nmeucement ot bes t ix 24..
At auy imê The cffehne dept for Rh 2S, foud frem
SuspensieH to Settfeinteral
,
4' altwed for Calibeatiesn chat I6 10.7 Cu, The me wscus
Conech'er oS ond the
Let, as -240 at the test temp et composnde oneet
30°c - leleans
per ml G:2.75 and nt cosiy as O.08 polse
D: Daueter f focl parhles in Calclate the 8raellet pat'de sie i
Sien at any depth He Suspen-wetd haue 6ettled dunng ths in tera
30 my n and the pereutge ot pabag hers
dry weight of eil put into than us Sie
+he ScespensIên So I p
V: velume ot Suspensitr.
N= Perceulage finer than diclueler '
foy cocts est ashde , D= 0- mn, V2

Since +he ttydromefe r lengs hare becn V: Qs)»* 1o ( 2.46 -1)

occorded Scabtrachng (4) frem the deuity 18 x0x o.oi
te, Rn: CP-) xIO 0226 ml6,
R
-22, 2

Sespengbr ta 1-22,2 See:

ime t, at the 6fehie dept He. if
foud. in tho m
4he o is the mas ih et
Suspnsion, th mas sf c0ater

9XoS
= |S 4 3 hew2
IS yn. 45 Sec
 Rn 24.S 64 ibrous organc ot ters
Peat and he parhleg of deconpof e
Re 24.5 - 2. S = 22 egetahen.
Co arse qrau ned saul
onpo te Coechin
He Granel
(G)yw t
is vnere larger than 4nsmm
IS Siere, Desisnaheol a
Seil
D. Sab- ci'nners in coarse qran
().
t 3 o mins 30 X6O Sol.
). p ’ Poorly qraded mateeicy.
(im). m -> Centaining fne

2. Fine qraned sael '-o

6.7KI2 *D Sub- dan'ery in het sal
tu. Fnorgamc Silts and vey fine Savds
’ M.
(2.5-1)o
S9.o29 Xbmm. silk and cf ayt and Ongan
further, Diviien of fine -graned
sail baed on Conprexi biuty
Low

Meu'umir t3<wR< So
22. 'I!
() -# High

69.17. As *. Plastc ty cheurt >H

Given in f-1498 -1970
In Gic punmia fg 123.
Ip=0.73(Wpr20)
He = 10-7 cun. Lnclek.
t 3D in. pA-ne
D0, o0706 mm ’ 'id liwd
OF SoLL
Ipz 0-73 (we -0)
#.UASSL PECATLON
1. Porhde Site Ceif'cat'sn, ). S. to 12Y, Boreler uhe Cayey
2- Textureel cles(fet
3. Highsa eseaeh Board lassifben
4. Uhcfied Sail cassif'cbon Sysdem(Usc) . finel the g79up Symbals ïr
s. 25 clasefataen syctem IScS). ).
the folle ng sgrd -
P Wp 22 ,
IS dess2fatien Systen
Seêls ae dedol in to three
G). Coarse
broad divitiong Gi). pessing
grauned CBl 7S ore 0.07>nn
wt s ager than
) . Fine thJ
mien IS sieve Si2e.
mor thou halt he
so iLe : 13
mateia eçht is Bmaller hen 75 "Jp=6cL.
IS Siee
(), Highly Organc Seil and cther miscellen