Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s

Institute of Technology, Dhule

First Year B.Tech.

Seminar Report on
ENTITLED

“Study of the Operating System”

By

Student Name : Jadhav Darshan Ramesh

PRN : 23054491245048
Branch :Computer-C2
Roll No :34

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Yogesh Sonawane

Dr . Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University,

Lonere

A.Y.2023-24

i
 Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s

Institute of Technology, Dhule

First Year B.Tech.

Certificate

This is to certify that Jadhav Darshan Ramesh Of IInd semester FY B.Tech Bearing university

PRN:23054491245048 has satisfactorily presented seminar on “Study of the Operating

System” in fulfillment award of degree of B. Tech in Computer Engineering as prescribed

by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere during the academic year 2023-

24.

Prof. Yogesh Sonawane Dr. Tushar S. Shinde

Seminar Guide FE HOD

Signature with Date

Signature with Date

ii
 SVKM’s IOT
Dhule, Maharashtra-424001
(D-Batu university of technology ,Dhule)

DECLARATION

I certify that
a) The work contained in this report is original and has been done by me under the
guidance of our supervisor.
b) The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma.
c) I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the report.
d) I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct
of the Institute.
e) Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from
other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report
and giving their details in the references.

Name and Signature of Student

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Presentation, inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the success of any

venture. We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Yogesh Sonawane, Assistant Professor, our

supervisor, SVKM’s Institute of Technology, Dhule. We our deep sense of gratitude to Dr .

Nilesh Salunke, principal of SVKM’s IOT, Dhule to encourage us to the highest peak and to

provide us the opportunity to prepare this report. We feel to acknowledge our indebtedness and

deep sense of gratitude to our Dr. Tushar Shinde (HOD), First Year Engineering department

as well as the faculties of First Year Engineering Department. We are immensely obliged to

our friends for their elevating inspiration, encouraging guidance and kind supervision in the

completion of this report.

iv
 ABSTRACT

An operating system is a type of system software that manages and controls the resources and

process done by the computer or a computer network, and provides users a logical interface for

accessing the physical computer to execute program and give output. In todays developing

world technology plays a crucial role in which all types of smart devices are important. To

handle that devices Operating system system plays a an important role as a mediator between

user and smart devices like as a computer, laptop, smartphone, etc. So it is important to take

overview of the operating system such as it get updated all the time ex. Window 7 or Window

8 to Window 10. In this report we can see what is operating system, the history and evolution

of the operating system and its applications.

5
 LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Page No.

1. Table-3.1 12

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Page No.

1. Figure-1.1 8

2.Figure-1.2 9

3. Figure-4.1 14

4. Figure-.4.2 15

6
 CONTENTS

Sr. No Index Page No.

1. Introduction 8

2. Literature Survey 11

3. History of Operating System 12

4. What is Operating System and it’s type 14

5. Function of Operating System 19

6. Advantage and Disadvantage 20

7. Conclusion 21

8. Reference 22

7
 1.Introduction

Operating systems are used in computers, and computers are highly useful in saving time,
therefore operating system play an essential part in people's life. The operating system is a
software which works as an interface between a user of a computer and the computer hardware
system and also manages and coordinates the use of hardware in various applications and users.
In this report you will find out some of the early history and rise of the operating system, how
they develop and how they are affecting and effectively participating in todays revolutionary
world[1].

Fig :1.1 Introduction of Operating System

Humans would be unable to succeed, manage, and use computer systems without operating
systems. An operating system is a software delivery system that provides software resources,
processor hardware, and other shared resources to a computer database or programme. The
operating system is the first application to run when a device boots up and is considered the
most important form of system software. Users utilize operating systems to run their
applications programmes [2].

8
1.1 Motivation:

Todays world is all about technology, if we are able understand the technology then we will
become lack behind of the world. So, it is important to know about technology and
technological aspects such as the Operating System which is the basic and fundamental part
of all the types of computer, laptops, smartphones, tablets and many other things. Operating
system contribute very important and plays a crucial role in information technology. So as a
computer engineering student it becomes essential for us to gain basic knowledge and
information about the operating system. To understand the computer technology operating
system is the most important part.

1.2 Objectives:

Operating system has many objectives to understand as it is a fundamental part but some the
one are listed below:

1.2.1 Efficiency:

The operating system increases the production efficiency. This is because the system
configuration takes less time. By default, the operating system handles system tasks such as
allocating resources to processes and resolving conflicts between different programs and users.

1.2.2 Hardware abstraction:

The operating system performs a good job of concealing the computer's intricate details. The
user can fully utilise the computer hardware without having to cope with the accompanying
difficulties. The operating system coordinates communication between user programs and
computer hardware.

9
 Fig.1.2 Objectives of the Operating System

1.2.3 Convenience

In the absence of an operating system, users would have to deal with the hardware directly
without access to the pre-configured utility packages that come with an operating system. This
would make using a computer extremely inconvenient. Operating systems allow users to go
right to work on the tasks they want to do.

1.2.4 System resource management:

The operating system serves as a neutral arbitrator. It serves a management role in the computer
system by ensuring equitable resource distribution among various operations and consumers.

10
 2.Literature Survey

The similar work done has been done before by as follows:

This paper presents a comparative survey of three well known operating systems which are
Windows, Linux, and Mac operating system. The basic criteria for studying them are
mostly focusing on the fundamental memory and file management, architecture, security,
versatility and other topics[1].

The paper aims at providing a complete survey of distributed operating systems. This paper
also explain in detail various key design issues involved in the building of such system.
This paper provide us a complete survey of distributed operating systems. This paper also
explain in detail various key design issues involved in the building of such system[2].

In this paper there are provided every type of the operating system in detail. It also provides
all the trending operating system in detail. It shows the development of the operating system
decay by decay[3].

The author decides to create this review paper due to give detail understanding about
operating systems. In this paper, the author discusses operating systems, their history and
evolution, applications, functions and types, as well as their benefits and problems[4].

11
 3.History of The Operating System and it’s Type

The evolution of the operating system is classified into 4 stages as:

1.The First Generation (1945 to early 1955)

2.The Second Generation (1955 – 1965)

3.The Third Generation (1965 – 1980)

4.The Fourth Generation (1980 – Present Day)

Generation Year Electronic Device Types of

Used Operating System
and device use

First 1945-55 Vacuum Tube Plug Boards

Second 1955-65 Transistor Batch System

Third 1965-80 ICs Multi-programming

Fourth since 1980 LSI Personal Computers

Table 3.1 Evolution of Operating System

3.1 The First Generation (1945 to early 1955):

The earliest electronic digital computers had no operating systems. Machines of the time were
so primitive that programs were often entered one bit at time on rows of mechanical switches
(plug boards). Programming languages were unknown (not even assembly languages).

3.2 The Second Generation (1955 to 1965):

By the early 1950's, the routine had improved somewhat with the introduction of punch cards.
The General Motors Research Laboratories implemented the first operating systems in early

12
1950's for their IBM 701. The system of the 50's generally ran one job at a time. These were
called single-stream batch processing systems because programs and data were submitted in
groups or batches.

3.3 The Third Generation (1965 to 1980):

The systems of the 1960's were also batch processing systems, but they were able to take better
advantage of the computer's resources by running several jobs at once. So operating systems
designers developed the concept of multiprogramming in which several jobs are in main
memory at once; a processor is switched from job to job as needed to keep several jobs
advancing while keeping the peripheral devices in use.

For example, on the system with no multiprogramming, when the current job paused to wait
for other input-output operation to complete, the CPU simply sat idle until the input-output
finished. The solution for this problem that evolved was to partition memory into several
pieces, with a different job in each partition. While one job was waiting for input-output to
complete, another job could be using the CPU.

3.4 The Fourth Generation(1980 to present day):

With the development of LSI (Large Scale Integration) circuits, chips, operating system entered
in the system entered in the personal computer and the workstation age. Microprocessor
technology evolved to the point that it becomes possible to build desktop computers as
powerful as the mainframes of the 1970s. Two operating systems have dominated the personal
computer scene: MS-DOS, written by Microsoft, Inc. for the IBM PC and other machines using
the Intel 8088 CPU and its successors, and UNIX, which is dominant on the large personal
computers using the Motorola 6899 CPU family[4].

13
 4.What is Operating System

4.1 Operating System:

The operating system is the first application to run when a device boots up or starts and is
considered as the most important part of system software. Users utilize operating systems to
run their applications programmes. It also provides users with a suitable interface for
interacting with computer hardware. It works by taking input and giving output as shown in
fig.4.1

Fig.4.1 Working of Operating System

The operating system is a software which works as an interface between a user of a computer
and the computer hardware system and also manages and coordinates the use of hardware
among various applications and users. It is basic software who performs all the basic task as
file management, memory management, process management, input and output handling and
controlling hardware devices like printer, hard disk, etc. Example, some of the popular
operating system includes Window, LINUX, VMS, OS/400, etc.

14
4.2 Types of The Operating System:

Fig.4.2 Types of Operating System

4.2.1 Mobile Operating System/ Hand held system:

-This type of operating system specially made for Mobile and Tablet like hand held device.

-The hand-held devices have personal digital assistance with network connectivity.

-The systems that are meant to power wearable devices, tablets, and mobile phones are known
as mobile operating systems. The mobile operating systems are used in Android and iOS.

-This operating system provides full access of device such as hardware and software to its user.

-This operating system does not used virtual memory.

-Some hand-held have some wireless connectivity like Bluetooth, WiFi to access Internet and
also media process like play music and camera for expend their utility

15
4.2.2 Network Operating System:

-The ability to handle applications, security, groups, users, data, and many other networking
operations is provided by a network operating system. It is essentially operated on a server.

-It is highly stable operating system. So this is commonly used in industry.

- Remote access to servers is possible from different locations and types of systems. So in IT-
industry widely use for work from home.

-The updates are given time to time so system gets updated and functionality increases time to
time.

4.2.3 Distributed Operating System:

-The term "distributed operating system" refers to a system that uses many mainframes situated
on various machines to provide rapid computing to its workers.

- Distributed Operating System is a model in which application runs on multiple interconnected

computers, offering enhanced communication.

- Through the resource share facility, a user can use the other resource which is available at
other place.

-It offers better communication to its user.

4.2.4 Real Time Operating System:

-The real time system is defined as a data processing system.

-The time difference for input processing and feedback is so small.

-The system displays the time consuming information and is marked as response time.

-A real-time operating system is one that works with real-time applications (i.e. ones that
handle data as it comes in without delay.) For example RTOS include Windows CE, VxWorks,
RT Linux, and QNX.

-In this operating system, user is able to reuse its used code.

4.2.5 Multi-process Operating System:

16
-It is a operating system that enables various practises or activities to be completed at the same
time using multiple CPUs. Time-sharing refers to the usage of a processor by several users at
the same time.

-It’s functionality is faster, so time of CPU reduces.

-It disables the copy of software.

4.2.6 Single Batch Operating System:

-In this types of system there is no direct connection between computer and computer user.

-Here interaction of user and device is less.

-Here user push a operating data with punch type card or magnetic tape, after submitting to the
operating system, operator batch together with their requirement then the system manage each
program in batch and execute the operation.

4.2.7 Multiprogramming Batch System:

-In this types of operating system, system picks the jobs from his memory, when the job need
an input and output operation the OS switch another job to another job.

-If the many job run on same time the operating system work on a method called Scheduling.

4.2.8 Time Sharing Operating System:

-In this types of operating system works on more than one process or task one by one at a time.

-This operating system is designed to allow multiple users or processes to share the same
system resources, such as the CPU, memory, and peripherals to one another.

-Multiple user can interact with same operating system at a time.

-While running one program other user can also run their program simultaneously.

4.2.9 Desktop System:

-This type of operating system specially build for Desktop or Personal Computer.

-The goals of these operating system is to maximize user experience and convenience.

-Windows and Mas OS was a Desktop operating system[4].

17
4.3 Trending Operating System:

In todays world there are three famous operating systems for Desktop as Microsoft Windows,
Mac operating system and and linux operating system.

4.3.1 Window Operating System:

It is the most useable personal computer and home computer operating system. It was made
and Market placed by Microsoft. In Windows includes various types of greater functionality
like native File Manager, Program Manager. It has dynamic interface. Windows offered
including network windows for work with workgroup for aimed to business. Windows also
provide network server for hosting, many website and web server was run with windows.
Approx 90% computer run in windows.

4.3.2 Mac Operating System:

Mac OS (Macintosh Operating System) is a Graphical Operating System by Apple Inc. It’s a
Unix Family Operating System. And it’s the primary or main operating system of Apple’s
Family. It’s used on Laptop, Desktop and home computer.

4.3.3 Linux Operating System:

Its Provide by Linux Distribution. Linux is a Open Source Operating System, open source
operating system means anyone can be modified, change anything, Distributed by any one in
whole world and can use it free. Its different from Proprietary Software like Windows(Owner
- Microsoft) and Mac (Owner Apple), which can only modified, distributed by only the own
company[4].

18
 5.Functions of the Operating System

The operating system is the basic and the fundamental part of the all smart devises such as
computer, laptop and smart-phones, etc. It works in different aspects as follows:

5.1 Input-output operation:

Operating System Manage the connection between user, Device and Device Driver. Each
input-output device was operated with the help of operating system.

5.2 File system manipulation:

File Means the Data, the collection of information that stored on disk either secondary or
primary, long time or short time uses purpose. Storage Media like Magnetic Disk, Magnetic
Tape, Solid State Disk, and Optical Drive are manage by operating system.

5.3Communication:

The some of the main activities of operating system is to manage communication. It manages
the transfer of data between two or more devices.

5.4 Error Detection:

In an operating System Error occurs anytime and anywhere. The error also may occur in CPU
or Input Output Device or Memory and Hardware and OS handled all the Errors effectively.

5.5 Resource allocation:

Resource like main memory, input-output device, CPU, etc. all the this resource are manage
by the operating system and also the storage allocated to them for each and different job.

5.6 Protection:

Protection is method or mechanism or way to driving the access of every process, program,
users or resource that makes a computer system. The operating system protect Input Output
Device from External invalid Access[3].

19
 6.Advantage and Disadvantage

6.1 Advantage:
1. The main advantage of using an operating system is that it enables users to run their
own computer without any knowledge of coding. Without an operating system,
your hardware would not work at all, until you wrote your own code for the
hardware telling it what to do.
2. An operating system is software, consisting of programs and data that runs on
computers, managing computer hardware resources and providing services for
various application software.
3. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the
operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the
computer hardware. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains
a computer; from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and
web servers. Ex. BSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, UNIX.
4. An operating system consists of many parts. One of the most important components
is the kernel, which controls low-level processes that the average user usually
cannot see; it controls how memory is read and written, the order in which processes
are executed, how information is received and sent by devices like the monitor,
keyboard and mouse and decides[4].

6.2 Disadvantage:
1. Virus Attacks: Operating systems are susceptible to virus attacks, Malware,
spyware, and other malicious software can compromise system security.
2. Virus Attacks: Operating systems are susceptible to virus attacks. Malware,
spyware, and other malicious software can compromise system security.
3. Complexity: The language used behind an operating system makes it complex.
Understanding and maintaining the intricate codebase can be challenging[4].

20
 7. Conclusion

In last we can conclude that operating system makes the computer user friendly, this means it
makes it easier for people to interface with and make use of the computer. Apart from that
operating system performs a wide variety of jobs. The functions of operating system are
transparent to the user. The user communicates with the operating system supplies application
program and input data and receives output results and operating system also manages different
tasks in the background. This shows that operating system is very important part of computer.

21
 8. Reference

[1] R. Thangavel, K. Pinto, A. Maiti, T. PRIYA Dh, R. Thangavel, and T. D. Priya,

“Comparative Research on Recent Trends, Designs, and Functionalities of Various
Operating Systems,” Artic. Int. J. Eng. Res., vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 437–445, 2019, [Online].
Available: www.ijert.org

[2] M. L. Mohit Rathi, “Research paper on Distributed Operating System,” vol. 1, no. 5, pp.
774–783, 2014.

[3] S. Kabiraj, A. Gupta, and P. S. K. Chandra, “Operating System a Case Study,” Int. J.
Trend Sci. Res. Dev., vol. Volume-2, no. Issue-3, pp. 166–175, 2018, doi:
10.31142/ijtsrd10780.

[4] M. S. Solanki and M. Paliwal, “An Overview on Operating System,” vol. 5, no. 9, pp.
25–31, 2018, [Online]. Available: www.jetir.org

22