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Chapter 11 - Probability

Probability

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15 views19 pages

Chapter 11 - Probability

Probability

Uploaded by

iiteramkumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“ There is a 50-50 chance that we will be able to

deliver your order on Friday “

Either the order will be delivered or it will not.

Probability is measured on a scale between 0 and 1.

0>P(A)>1
Theoretical probability is a branch of
probability that deals with the likelihood or
chance of events occurring based on
mathematical reasoning and assumptions.
If you have a standard deck of 52 playing cards,
what is the probability of drawing a red card?
If you have a spinner divided into four equal
sections labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4, what is the
probability of landing on 2?
A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2
green balls. If you randomly select a ball, what
is the probability of getting a red or a blue ball?
If you have a standard deck of 52 playing cards,
what is the probability of drawing a red card?
If you have a spinner divided into four equal
sections labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4, what is the
probability of landing on 2?
A bag contains 5 red balls, 3 blue balls, and 2
green balls. If you randomly select a ball, what
is the probability of getting a red or a blue ball?
Empirical probability is a type of probability
that is based on actual observations.
If you flip a coin 20 times and get heads 15 times,
what is the empirical probability of getting heads?
If you roll a six-sided die 30 times and get a 6 on 10
occasions, what is the empirical probability of rolling
a 6?
After spinning a spinner labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4 for 25
times, you observe it landing on 2 in 8 instances. What
is the empirical probability of landing on 2?
In probability, we can identify five types of event:

(a) Mutually exclusive


(b) Non-mutually exclusive
(c) Independent
(d) Dependent or non-independent
(e) Complementary.
If two events A and B are mutually exclusive, then
the occurrence of one event will prevent the
possibility of the other event.
Example :
1. Coin Toss
2. Dice Roll
3. Card Draw
4. Gender
If two events A and B are mutually exclusive, then
the occurrence of both event will happen.
Example :
In a pack of playing cards hearts and queens
are non-mutually exclusive, since there is one
card, the queen of hearts, which is both a
heart and a queen and so satisfies both
criteria for success.
Independent probability refers to the occurrence of
two or more events such that the occurrence of one
event does not affect the occurrence of the other.

You draw two cards without replacement from a


standard deck of 52 playing cards. What is the
probability that the first card drawn is a spade and
the second card drawn is a heart?
Dependent probability refers to the occurrence of
two or more events such that the occurrence of one
event affect the occurrence of the other.

You draw two cards without replacement from a


standard deck of 52 playing cards. What is the
probability that the first card drawn is a heart and
the second card drawn is also a heart?
Complementary probability refers to the probability
of the complement of an event occurring.
1. There are 5 red marbles, 7 green marbles, 4
black marbles, and 8 blue marbles in a bag.
Suppose you select one marble at random. Find
each probability.
2. Determine the probability of spinning each
outcome using the spinner below.
a. P(4) =
b. P(1)
c. P(even number)=
d. P(not 5) =
e. P(less than 6)
3. Each spinner is spun once. Find the probability
of each.

a. P(A and 1) =
b. P(C and 2) =
c. P(D and 3)=
4. A jar contains 8 red marbles, 5 blue marbles,
and 3 green marbles. If you draw two marbles
without replacement, what is the probability
that the first marble is red and the second
marble is blue?
4. A jar contains 8 red marbles, 5 blue marbles,
and 3 green marbles. If you draw two marbles
without replacement, what is the probability
that the first marble is red and the second
marble is blue?
5. If three coins are thrown, what is the
probability that all three will show tails?
6. What is the probability of getting a total of six
points in a simultaneous throw of two dice?

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