Design of a New Generation of

Weather Radar Intelligent

Temperature and Humidity
Monitoring System Based on
ZigBee

Kang Hengyuan
Liu Kaiyi Meng Huansheng
Harbin Meteorological
Network section Harbin Meteorological
Technology and Equipment
Harbin Meteorological Technology and Equipment
Center
Technology and Equipment Center
Harbin Meteorological
Center Harbin Meteorological
Technology and Equipment
Harbin, China Technology and Equipment
Center
18246091688@163.com Center
Harbin, China
Harbin, China
401198447@qq.com
352841064@qq.com
Zhang Fan
Network section
Harbin Meteorological
Technology and Equipment
Center
Harbin, China
2379405542@qq.com

Abstract—Weather radar is the most effective means of weather forecast "accurate, timely, fixed point And
monitoring and warning sudden and severe weather. The quantitative requirements, improve the monitoring and early
Doppler weather radar can quantitatively detect the spatial warning capabilities and meteorological service levels for
distribution of rainfall echo intensity, radial velocity and severe weather. Through the construction of a new generation
velocity spectrum. With its high spatial-temporal resolution, of radar network, China's weather radar has achieved
timely and accurate remote sensing detection capability, it has comprehensive development in various aspects such as
become an important tool for disastrous weather monitoring observation technology, meteorological application products,
and early warning. Therefore, it is especially important to
ensure the normal operation of the radar. The temperature software systems, and application platforms. The new
and humidity inside the radome and equipment room have a generation of weather radar is an important part of modern
great influence on the normal operation of the antenna and the meteorological observations, and it is of great significance to
normal operation of the equipment. Due to the separation of ensure the normal operation of the new generation weather
many meteorological stations (such as Harbin radar station, radar system. With the improvement of China's new
Fuyuan radar station). Real-time monitoring of temperature generation weather radar network, weather radar plays an
and humidity in the radome and equipment room is difficult. important role in the near-term forecasting, severe weather
Therefore, the design of a new generation weather radar monitoring and early warning services, which effectively
intelligent monitoring temperature and humidity system based improves the monitoring ability of severe weather and the
on ZigBee is studied. When the temperature is too high or the
humidity is too high. The system can automatically light up meteorological service capability of important social activities.
and send text messages to the radar support personnel to Since some stations in the meteorological department are
achieve the alarm effect. Through ZigBee wireless technology, not separated, there will be no delay in handling the
Remotely monitor the temperature and humidity inside the temperature and humidity conditions of the weather radar
radome and equipment room. It is convenient to master the antenna base, and delays in dealing with related problems.
temperature and humidity environment and ensure the normal The relevant information of the radar intelligent monitoring
operation of the antenna part and the equipment room. Save
manpower and resources for radar monitoring temperature
temperature and humidity device is not available. However,
and humidity. such a situation exists in the meteorological department where
some stations are separated. For example, the humidity is too
large, causing corrosion of the equipment; if the temperature
Keywords—new generation weather radar; temperature and is too high, the equipment cannot work normally; if the
humidity monitoring; wireless sensor; ZigBee
humidity is too high and the temperature is too low, the
I . INTRODUCTION radome inner knot is caused. Ice, affecting the operation of
China's weather radar has been built since the 1960s. the antenna, etc. Therefore, this paper studies the intelligent
After the 1990s, the weather radar with initial Doppler monitoring of temperature and humidity devices based on
function was successfully developed in China and used in ZigBee's new generation weather radar. The system design
business. Since the beginning of the 1990s, China has uses TI's CC2530ZigBee chip as the control core of the
introduced the technology of the US WSR-88D, and system. Timely monitor the temperature and relative humidity
gradually realized localization, and built a new generation of parameters in the radome and equipment room, and compare
Doppler weather radar network throughout the country to the real-time measured values with the limits set by the user.
further meet the social and economic development of the If the real-time measured values exceed the set values, an

978-1-7281-6254-6/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

alarm will be given. acquisition terminal of this design.
The designed monitoring system consists of a wireless A. Overall Plan Setting
temperature and humidity sensor and a ZigBee wireless
gateway. First, the temperature and humidity sensors are The ZigBee-based next-generation weather radar
placed in the radome and the equipment room environment, intelligent temperature and humidity monitoring system is
and the temperature, relative humidity parameters are mainly composed of two parts, one is the terminal information
collected, processed, and sent to the router. Send to the collection system, and the other is the information monitoring
receiving node through the router, and finally display the management system. The router and the sensor form a
temperature and humidity information in real time. It is terminal acquisition system, and the PC software on the PC is
believed that the research of this project will bring composed of the PC software. The sensor collects the data
convenience to the meteorological department staff who are information, transmits the collected data information to the
separated from stations and inconvenient to guarantee the module of the wireless communication transmission through
normal operation of radar in real time. the SPI interface, and then transmits the information to the
wireless receiving module through the antenna, and finally
II.RESEARCH ON COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL connects to the upper computer through the RS232 serial port.
ARCHITECTURE The overall design block diagram is shown in Figure 2 below.
A. System Topology
ZigBee network has 2 physical devices: RFD and FFD.
The RFD is a reduced-function device that is only part of the
networking communication function and only performs a
part of the function of the medium access control sub-layer.
Therefore, it can only be used as a device of the terminal,
and only used to send the data collected by the sensor Fig. 2. Overall design block diagram
terminal to the coordinator and routing. In contrast, FFD is
much more powerful. It can provide all MAC services, and B. Each Module Scheme Setting
it can be used as various ZigBee nodes. Its job is to • Communication between nodes uses CC2530 to
complete communication with those controlled nodes. It has transmit data, because CC2530 has the advantages of
three functions, namely coordinator and routing and low power consumption and reliable operation. It is
terminal equipment[2]. completely occluded for the user, it has no
There are three types of topological structures defined in complicated protocol, and it can communicate freely
the ZigBee protocol: star, cluster, and mesh. This design is between the same devices. It has a wide range of
used for short-range communication, so this design chooses applications in wireless communication, over-limit
a mesh network topology. alarm, wireless control, etc. It is very suitable for use
B. Architecture of the Protocol Stack in wireless transmission systems. Therefore, this
system uses CC2530 chip.
The core of ZigBee is the architecture of the ZigBee
protocol stack. In the system design, each node needs to • According to the low power consumption, low cost,
carry out corresponding network protocols to transmit data reliability, stability, accuracy and range of
to each other[3]. The protocol includes MAC layer, network measurement and measurement, finally choose the
layer, application layer, etc. Wireless sensors require less temperature and humidity sensor DHT-11.
cost, consume less energy, and have higher fault tolerance, • According to the high-performance index
but wireless in the past generally does not meet such requirements of the monitoring system, the GSM
requirements. Therefore, the ZigBee protocol appears in due module selects the industrial-grade SIM800A model
course. The ZigBee protocol is based on IEEE 802.15, but and the working frequency band
the IEEE is only responsible for protocol processing at the GSM900/1800MHZ, which can realize the functions
lower MAC layer and physical layer. Therefore, it can be of telephone voice and SMS (SMS, MMS).
said that the ZigBee protocol extends the IEEE protocol and
standardizes the network layer and API of the IEEE protocol. • The system realizes the input of data and the
ZigBee's unique protocol standard allows for the interface of data output. The interface of RS232
coordination of countless different sensors to complete serial interface is used to complete the function of
wireless synchronization. The energy required by the sensor USB to serial port with CH340 of USB bus transfer.
is relatively small, and the data is transmitted between the CH340 can be compatible with USB V2.0. The
sensors by radio waves by relay, so the communication device only needs capacitors and crystals.
efficiency is very high. The specific protocol stack is shown • This design uses TI's ZigBee protocol stack structure,
in Figure 1. because the compatibility of this protocol stack is
very high, fully open source greatly reduces
development costs, thus accelerating the pace of
development.
. PC MONITORING SOFTWARE DESIGN
The PC software of this design is based on LabVIEW.
LabVIEW is developed by National Instruments (NI). The
LabVIEW software is very powerful and flexible. LabVIEW
has many advantages, such as its short development cycle,
good compatibility, smooth operation, and more importantly,
it does not require code. Its programs only need to be
Fig.1. ZigBee protocol stack graphically programmed, and many graphics modules are
. SYSTEM DESIGN readily available. It is very convenient to use the LabVIEW
software to do the upper computer, so the difficulty of
The design index of the new generation weather radar development is greatly reduced. Included in LabVIEW is
intelligent temperature and humidity monitoring system three parts, the front panel, the process and the icon or the
based on ZigBee is mainly to measure temperature and connector. The process of LabVIEW application is shown in
relative humidity. This design needs to meet the following Figure 3. The data processing part is shown in Figure 4.
requirements: select temperature and humidity as the data
 70% RH, the measured value exceeds the parameter, the
corresponding red light will be on, and a short message will
User Interface be sent to the radar support personnel. As shown in Figures 6
and 7.

Front panel
design

Block Diagram
Programming

User Interface
Fig.3. LabVIEW program structure Fig. 6 PC software whose temperature and humidity values exceed the set
limit value

Fig.7. Radar alarm short message

Fig.4. Block diagram of the data processing part
SUMMARY
.SYSTEM TEST and EXPERIMRNTAL RESULTS
After the system hardware design and software program This article mainly introduces the system design, hardware
were written, the construction of the air quality monitoring test and software test, and analyzes and explains the
system was completed. There is also a need to continually results.When there is no problem in the hardware and
test the system, including hardware testing, software software tests, test the data that the host computer displays
debugging testing, and overall testing of hardware and that needs to be monitored, and finally display the results of
software. The hardware test is mainly to test the ZigBee the entire monitoring system. The research results of this
modules and sensors can work normally. Software system are applicable to the meteorological departments (such
debugging is mainly to write the error-free program and as Harbin radar station and Fuyuan radar station) that ensure
LabVIEW block diagram that can complete the task, and the normal operation of the radar in the radar station in real
finally complete the overall test of hardware and software. time. This is beneficial to the radar operation support
personnel to fully grasp the radar radome and the equipment
When both the hardware and the software are tested, and room. Temperature and humidity conditions, for the
the program is downloaded to the hardware for debugging, temperature and humidity changes, do the corresponding
the host computer software will display the real-time protection strategy.
temperature and humidity values and the change range.
When the values do not exceed a certain limit, the lights are ACKNOWLEDGMENT
green, as shown in Figure 5. Show. At this point, the Here I want to thank my leadership for giving me patient
temperature of the node is 16 degrees and the humidity is 30% guidance during the process of completing this article and
RH. The set parameters are temperature 20 degrees and guiding me on the right path when I am confused. I also want
humidity 50% RH. Therefore, all the measured values at this to thank my colleagues for their support and help in the
time do not exceed the set limit. As shown in Figures 5. design of my research. Finally, I want to thank my family,
who are the strong backing for my hard work and serious
research. I hope that I will make unremitting efforts and forge
ahead on the road ahead.
REFERENCES
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Synthetic C-Band Data from China's New Generation Weather Radar
System (CINRAD)[J]. Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology,
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[2] Luo X . Design and Implementation of Wireless Voltage Monitoring
System Based on Zigbee[J]. International Journal of Information
Technology and Web Engineering, 2017, 12(3):83-96.
[3] Performance Study of Routing Protocols in ZigBee Wireless Mesh
Networks[J] . Seong Hoon Kim,Poh Kit Chong,Taehong Kim.
Wireless Personal Communications . 2017 (2).
Fig.5. PC software whose measured values do not exceed the set parameters

When the temperature is 30 degrees and the humidity is