CHAPTER 3- HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Q1 Which part in the male reproductive system store sperm? 1

Ans. Epididymis
Q2. What harm is caused if testes of the male fail to descend into the scrotum? 1
Ans. This results in sterility because spermatogenesis requires a temperature lower
than the body temperature.
Q3. From which cell organelle is the acrosome of the sperm formed? 1
Ans. Golgi body
Q4. In which organ is corpus luteum formed? 1
Ans. ovary
Q5. Name the category of chemical substances released by sperm that help in penetrating 1
the ovum.
Ans. Sperm lysin
Q6. At what stage is the mammalian embryo implanted in the uterus? 1
Ans. Blastocyst stage
Q7. What is antrum? 1
Ans. Fluid filled cavity of the graafian follicle.
Q8. At what stage of life is oogenesis initiated in a human female? When does the oocyte 1
complete oogenesis?
Ans. Embryonic life. When the sperm enters the egg
Q9. Name the layer of the cells forming the outer wall of the blastocyst. 1
Ans. Trophoblast
Q10 Name the fluid which protects embryo. 1
. Ans. Amniotic fluid
Q11 Name the type of epithelial cells in the seminiferous tubule. 1
. Ans. Germinal epithelium.
Q12 Which cell secrete androgen binding proteins ABP)? 1
. Ans. Sertoli cells
Q13 Which part of the blastula is destined to form the germ layers of the developing 1
. embryo in humans?
Ans. Inner cell mass
Q14 Give a scientific term for the following: 1
. a) Layer of follicle cells that envelops the egg outside the zona pellucida.
Ans corona radiata
b) The finger like projection appearing on the trophoblast after implantation.
Ans. Chorionic villi
Q15 a) How many lobules are found in each testes? 1
. Ans. 250
b) What is the function of Bulbourethral glands?
Ans. Secretion of alkaline fluid. They also secrete mucus that lubricates the
end of the penis and the lining of the urethra
 SECTION-B
Q16 Fertilization performs two functions. What are the function? 2
. Ans. 1. restoration of diploid condition
2. completion of second meiotic division by ovum
Q17 Name the foetal membrane that provides a fluid medium to the developing embryo? 2
. Mention its two functions.
Ans. Amnion. It prevents desiccation of the embryo, act as shock absorber and also
helps in formation of placenta
Q18 What is pregnancy hormone? Why is it so called? Name two sources of this hormone 2
. in a human female.
Ans.Human chorionic gonadotropin(hcG) , chorionic thyrotropin, chorionic
corticotropin and relaxin are secreted by placenta. The hcG stimulates and maintains
the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone. Progesterone maintains endometrium
throughout the pregnancy. These hormones are associated with pregnancy and
therefore known as pregnancy hormone.
Q19 Name the hormones responsible for descent of testes into the scrotum .Why does the 2
. failure of this process result in sterility?
Ans. Testosterone, Failure of descent of testes leads to sterility because
spermatogenesis does not take place. Because spermatogenesis requires lower
temperature.
Q20 Name the hormone which stimulates the secretion of ovarian hormones. What would 2
. happen if the blood concentration of ovarian hormones increases?
Ans. FSH and LH stimulates the ovarian hormones. A feedback system becomes
operative when the level of estrogen increases. The anterior pituitary is inhibited
from secreting FSH and stimulated to secrete LH.
Q21 What structure forms the corpus luteum and at what stage? Name two hormones 2
. secreted by it.
Ans. .From ruptured Graafian follicle. ..The secretory or luteal stage.
Progesterone and relaxin.
Q22 Differentiate between morula and blastula. 2
. Ans. Morula- It is solid sphere of cells formed by the cleave of the zygote.
Blastula-It is a hollow sphere of cells, the blastomere.
Q23 What is umbilical cord? 2
. Ans. Umbilical cord is a tube containing blood vessels, which connects the abdomen
of developing embryo with placenta of the pregnant uterus. Its position is indicated
by the umbilicus(naval).
SECTION-C
Q24 Explain the formation of placenta after implantation in a human female. 3
. Ans.Trophoblast forms finger -like projections called chorionic villi are surrounded by
uterine tissue and maternal blood. The chorionic villi and uterine tissue become
interdigitated with each other to form placenta.
Q25 Make a diagrammatic sketch of the microscopic view of mammalian sperm. Label any 3
. six parts.
Ans.

Q26 What is the role of following hormones in the female reproductive cycle: 3
1) FSH
2) LH
3) Progesterone
Ans.1.FSH- Stimulates growth of Graafian follicle and maturation of ovum in it.
Stimulates secretion of estrogen from follicle cells.
2.LH- Stimulates ovulation and induces the formation of corpus luteum.
Stimulates secretion of progesterone from corpus luteum.
3.Progesterone- brings about uterine growth, facilites the implantation of
embryo and formation of the placenta. Prevents other Graafian follicles from
maturing.
Q27 a) In which part of human female reproductive system do the following events 3
take place.
I. Release of 1st polar body
II. Release of 2nd polar body
III. Fertilization
IV. Implantation
b) From where do the signals for parturition originate and what does maternal
pituitary release for stimulating uterine contractions for child birth.
Ans. a) I) Ovary
 II) In the isthmus- ampullary junction of fallopian tube
III) Isthmus- ampullary junction of fallopian tube.
IV) In the uterus
b)Fully developed foetus and placenta, oxytocin
SECTION-D
Q28 What is ovulation? Describe the structure of ovum with a labelled diagram. 5
.
Ans.Ovulation is the release of secondary oocyte from the ovary. The wall of the
ovary gets ruptured to release the oocyte. In human , ovulation occurs on the 14 th day
before the onset of the next menstruation. Ovulation is induced by LH.

Q29 Where does fertilization take place in a woman? What helps the sperm to gain entry 5
eventually. What is the significance of the point of entry of sperm?

Ans. Ampullary isthmus junction.The phenomena of sperm activation is called

capacitation. The capacitated sperms undergo acrosomal reaction and release sperm
lysin. Hyaluronidase acts on the ground substances of follicle cells, corona penetrating
enzyme dissolves corona radiata and acrosin helps to digest the zona pellucida. Due
to acrosomal reaction , plasma membrane of the sperm fuses with the plasma
membrane of the secondary oocytes so that the sperm contents enter the zygote.This
fusion is followed by cortical reaction shown by the secondary oocyte which prevents
polyspermy.
 The significance of the point of entry of sperm is that point becomes the animal pole
and the opposite end becomes vegetal pole.
Q30 Draw a flow chart showing hormonal control of human female reproductive system. 5
Highlights the positive and negative feedback mechanism in it.
Ans.

ASSERTION-REASON QUESTIONS

In the following questions a statement of assertion and reason is correct explanation for
assertion correct answer out of the following choices.
a. Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
b. Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion
c. Assertion is true but reason is false
d. Both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion-The uterus is shaped like an inverted pear.
Reason- The inner glandular layer lining the uterine cavity is called
as myometrium.
Ans. c
3. Assertion-All sperms released at a time do not fertilise the ovum.
Reason-Fertilisation occur only when ovum and sperm fuse at the
ampullary-isthmic junction.
Ans.b
4. Assertion-The embryo with 8 to 16 blastomeres is called a morula.
Reason-The morula continuously divides to transform into
trophoblast.
Ans.c
5. Assertion-The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes during the
menstrual cycle.
Reason- Perimetrium contracts strongly during delivery of the baby.
Ans. c
6.. Assertion- Signals for parturition originate from placenta and the
developed foetus.
Reason- Relaxin is released by the placenta.
Ans.b
7. Assertion-the female gamete is produced at the time of puberty.
Reason- gonadotropin releasing hormone controls the process of
oogenesis.
Ans.d
8. Assertion- the fertilized egg contains 23 pairs of chromosome
Reason-zygote is formed by the fusion of egg and the sperm.
Ans.a
9. Assertion-Colostrum produced in first 2-3 days after parturition is
rich in nutrients.
Reason-placenta induces the signals for expulsion of the fully
developed.
Ans. b
CASE -BASED- QUESTION

Q1
.

Study the figure given and answer the questions that follows: ( answer any four)
1x4
i) The function of Sertoli cell is :
a) Nutrition to the sperms
b) Nutrition to the Leydig cell
c) Nutrition to the basal lamina
d) Excretion from sperm
Ans. a
ii) Cross section of testes shows :
a) Seminiferous tubules with different stages of development of
sperm
b) Development of Sertoli cells
c) Many testicular lobules
d) Many spermatogonia
Ans. a
iii) Pick out and name the cells that undergo spermiogenesis.
a) Spermatogonia undergo spermiogenesis
b) Spermatids undergo spermiogenesis
c) Secondary spermatocytes undergo spermiogenesis
d) Primary spermatocytes undergo spermiogenesis.
Ans. b
 iv) How many sperms will be produced from 50 primary
spermatocytes?
a) 400 sperms
b) 1000sperms
c) 200sperms
d) 100sperms
v) Testosterone is secreted which cell:
a) Sertoli cell
b) Spermatids
c) Leydig cells
d) Spermatogonia
Ans c

Q2

Study the graph given and answer any four questions:1x4

i) Name the ovarian and pituitary hormone that are responsible for
development of follicles.
a) Estrogen and LH
b) Estrogen and progesterone
c) FSH and LH
d) Progesterone and FSH
Ans. a
ii) In which phase of menstrual cycle corpus luteum is formed and name
the hormone it secretes.
 a) Ovulatory phase and progesterone
b) Luteal phase and progesterone
c) Follicular phase and progesterone
d) Menstrual phase and progesterone
Ans. b
iii) What are the three phases of oogenesis?
a) Multiplication phase, growth phase and reproductive phase
b) Multiplication phase , growth phase and maturation phase
c) Growth phase, maturation phase and secretory phase
d) Secretory phase, growth phase and maturation phase
Ans. b
iv) The phase in woman’s life when ovulation and menstruation stops is
called:
a) Menarch
b) Puberty
c) Menopause
d) Reproduction
Ans. c
v) Withdrawn of which hormone causes menstruation?
a) Estrogen
b) Progesterone
c) FSH
d) LH
Ans.b
Q3 Study the diagram and answer any four questions:1x4

i) Name the stage of human embryo the figure represents.

a) Gastrula
b) Blastocyst
c) Oocyte
d) Primary oocyte
Ans. b
ii) Where are the stem cells located in this embryo?
a) Inner cell mass
b) Blastocoel
c) Blastomeres
d) Blastocyst