ED5340 - Data Science: Theory at h y

and Practise a p
gan
th u
M u
a n
th
L5 - List container m a n a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy (https://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman)

Course web page: https://ed.iitm.ac.in/~raman/datascience.html
Moodle page: Available at https://courses.iitm.ac.in/
Container data type

• They can hold multiple data types.

h y
at
• Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries an
a p
u g
uth
• Also called as collections / compound
th a n data types
M
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

List representation

• List is a collection of dissimilar data types (mostly used for similar datatype)
h y
at
• lst1 = [10, 20, 300, 400, 50]; lst2 = [‘rat’,a‘cat’,
na p ‘bat’, ‘lion’, ‘tiger’, ‘crocodile’]
u g
uth
• lst3 = [10.5, 22, ‘Antelope’, ‘rabbit’,
th a n 456789, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 89.9]
M
n a
m a
• lst4 = [100] * 5 R a

• lst5 - [ ] #Empty list, basically empty ‘square’ brackets.

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

List basics and accessing

• Elements in the list can be repeated.

h y
at
• It is an ordered collection - can be indexedanand
ap sliced
u g
uth
• Entire list or each element can be tprinted.
h a n M
n a
a
m
• List is an `iterable’ i.e. you cana
R iterate over its elements.

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L5_list_ex_access.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 h y
at
CW: Define a list of strings and find the a p
gan
th u
u

number of characters in each of them.

n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

List operations

• Lists are mutable (unlike strings).

h y
at
• Lists can be concatenated an
a p
u g
uth
• searching (containment) and sorting
th a n M
n a
am
• deletion - using index or a
range
R of indices

• conversion / other functions - str to list, len, max, min, sum

• shallow copy, deep copy, difference
• Lists comparison
Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras
 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L5_list_operations.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

CW: Define a list of marks for anastudent at h
p
y
and find the
max, min and average of them. M u th u g a
Arranged the in sorted
order. Print all of them clearly.
a n a th a n
Delete the entire list and
check for emptiness.R a m

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

CW: 1) Define two lists of strings. Use relational p a t h y operators to
a
compare them. What can you say? uga n
th
2) Instead of both lists as strings,n Mchange
u one of them to integers
a
and then use relational operators.
a n a t h What can you say?
a m
R

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

List methods - Member functions in the list

• Given a list, you can apply the following member functions using the object.
• append - at the end h y
pat
a
gan
• remove - the element th u
M u
a n
• pop - removes last item (also removes a particular
a t h item, if given)
a n
a m
• insert - after a certain given position
R

• reverse
• sort - both ascending and descending are available
• count
• index - of a particular item

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

List methods - Member functions in the list
Example

lst = [10, 20, 30, 30, 50, 60]

h y
lst.append(25) pat
a
gan
th u
u
lst.remove(30) a n M
ath
a n
a m
lst.pop( ) R

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L5_list_functions.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 h y
CW: Start from empty list. Add few elements.
a na p Sortatthe list in the
reverse order. Delete the elementsuthone by one till the list is empty.
u g
n M
h a
nat
HW: Count the number ofRaoccurrences of each element in the list.
m a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L5_list_copy_comp.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

List Varieties

• List of lists
h y
at
• List embedding an
a p
u g
uth
• List unpacking (using * operator) th a n M
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L5_list_varieties.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

List Comprehension
shorter form for list creation

The syntax goes like this:

h y
lst = [expression for var in sequence [optional at
p for and/or if]]
a
an g
th u
u
The above is a replacement for the hfollowing
an
M
a t
an
m
lst = [ ] #empty list Ra

for var in sequence:

lst.append(expression)

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 y

Demo using
at h
a p
gan
th u
u

L5_list_comprehension.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

 h y

Demo using pat

a
gan
th u
u

L5_list_of_lists_comprehension.py
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Some nuances on list and list of lists

• Lists are like 1D array (though not contiguous in mem. allocation)

h y
at
• List of lists are like 2D array (matrix) an
a p
u g
uth
n M
th a
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Some nuances on list and list of lists
Lists are like 1D array (row vector)

• lst = [10, 20, 30, 40]

h y
at
• for num in lst: an
a p
u g
uth
• num iterates over each element inthlst
an (which is an iterable) using ‘for’
M
n a
m a
R a

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Some nuances on list and list of lists
Lists are like 2D array (matrix)

arr = [ [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]

h y
for ele in arr: pat
a
gan
th u
u
for num in ele: a n M
ath
a n
a m
print num R

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Some nuances on list and list of lists
Lists are like 2D array (matrix)

arr = [ [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]

h y
for ele in arr: pat
a
gan
th u
print(ele) M u
a n
a th
ele iterates over each element in arr (which
a n is an iterable) using ‘for’
a m
R
What is each element of arr? - i.e. Each row - arr[0], arr[1] etc

arr[0] = [1, 2, 3, 4]

arr[1] = [5, 6, 7, 8]

So, what will the print statement give?

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras

Some nuances on list and list of lists
Lists are like 2D array (matrix)

Remember, arr[0] = [1, 2, 3, 4], arr[1] = [5, 6, 7, 8] and so on

h y
for num in ele: pat
a
gan
th u
u
print(num) a n M
a th
a n
a m
num will iterate over each eleR- i.e. iterate over arr[0], arr[1] etc.

iterate over arr[0] —> each element in arr[0]

So, What will be the print(num) give?

Ramanathan Muthuganapathy, Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras