Report of Practica Profesionalizante II

Instituto Superior San Nicolás de Bari

Student`s: Oliva Maira, Senese Micaela

Subject: Práctica Profesionalizante II

Teachers: Carrillo Silvina, Femenia Érica

Year 2024
INDEX

INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................3
1 – Description of professional practices ……………………………………..............................4
2 – Diferences between different types of translations ……………………................................4
2.1 - Institutions that bring together both……………………………………...............................5
3 – Types of translation ……………………………………………………….............................5
3.1 – Resources used by a translator ……………………………………….................................7
3.1.1 - Cat tools ……………………………………………………………….............................7
3.1.2 – Style guides ……………………………………………...................................................7
3.1.3 - Glossaries ……………………………………………………………...............................8
3.1.4 - Linguistic Resources and Documentation……………………….......................................8
3.2 – Types of spanish ...................................................................................................................8
4 – Technical translation ................................................................................................................9
5 – Process of translation …………………………………………………..................................9
6 – Work of a proofreader …………………………………………………...............................10
7 – Visites ……………………………………………………………………. ..........................11
7.1 – Anchipurac ……………………………………………………….…….............................11
7.2 – Mining Expo …………………………………………………………...............................13
8 – Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….............................15
Introduction
This report is framed within the context of the Professional Translation Practice course, an
essential component of the curriculum of the English Translation and Interpreting degree
program. The main objective of this course is to provide students with the opportunity to apply
their theoretical knowledge in a practical environment, simulating real situations and challenges
in the professional field of translation and interpreting.
During the course of the course, we participated in two important visits that enriched our
professional training: the San Juan Mining Fair and a visit to the Anchipurac Environmental
Center. The San Juan Mining Fair offered an integral vision of the mining sector, allowing us to
understand the terminology and context of mining technical texts. The visit to the Anchipurac
Center provided a direct experience with content related to the environment and sustainability,
areas that are increasingly relevant in technical and scientific translation.
This report will explore the differences between technical-scientific-literary translation and
Sworn Translation, highlighting their approaches and areas of specialization. Computer-assisted
translation tools (CAT tools), which are essential in today's professional practice, will be
analyzed, and essential resources such as glossaries and style guides will be described,
explaining their relevance and use in daily translation.
The different types of Spanish and their importance in the adaptation and translation of texts
will also be discussed, as well as the different types of interpreting, detailing the activities
performed by interpreters in different contexts. A description of technical translation will be
presented, with specific examples of texts such as instruction manuals and user guides, and the
phases of the translation process will be outlined, highlighting the importance of each stage in
achieving an accurate and coherent translation.
In addition, a section will be devoted to technical-scientific translation, focusing on the
translation of research articles and describing the skills required to deal with these complex
texts. Finally, the role of the proofreader in the translation process will be discussed,
highlighting his or her crucial role in ensuring the quality and accuracy of the final text.
This comprehensive analysis not only seeks to demonstrate the understanding of the theoretical
concepts learned during the course, but also their practical application in real professional
situations, underlining the importance of each component in the training of competent
translators and interpreters prepared to face the challenges of the labor market.

Description of Professional Internships and the Translator's Professional Profile

Professional internships are forms of learning integrated into the curriculum, designed for
students to consolidate, integrate and expand the skills and knowledge corresponding to the
professional profile they are developing. These internships can be carried out inside or outside
the educational institution and are oriented towards the practical application of the professional
knowledge acquired.
The professional profile of the translator is defined by the ability developed throughout his or
her university education to perform translations in an expert manner. This includes bilingual
linguistic skills (lexical, grammatical, textual, sociolinguistic and pragmatic), cultural
knowledge related to the cultures of the working languages, as well as knowledge of the
translation discipline, professional aspects and the labor market. It also involves skills in the use
of documentation tools and new technologies, as well as strategies for planning, evaluating and
solving problems during the translation process. Psycho-physiological components such as
attitudes (intellectual curiosity, perseverance, motivation), cognitive skills (memory,
concentration, critical thinking) and psychomotor skills (creativity, logical reasoning, synthesis
and analysis) are also considered.

Differences between a technical-scientific/literary translator and a public

translator:
Technical-Scientific Translator
- Scope of Work: Specializes in the translation of texts related to technical and scientific
disciplines, such as instruction manuals, scientific articles, technical reports, patents, medical
documents, and more.
- Skills: Needs a thorough knowledge of the specific technical or scientific field to which the
texts he/she translates belong. You must be able to handle specialized terminology and be able
to interpret complex concepts.
- Examples of Texts: User manuals, clinical studies, engineering reports, scientific articles, and
other technical documents.

Literary Translator
- Scope of Work: Focuses on the translation of literary works, including novels, short stories,
poetry, essays, plays, and more.
- Skills: Requires a high level of creativity and sensitivity to maintain the style, tone, and
nuances of the original text. In addition, must have a good knowledge of the literature and
cultures of the working languages.
- Examples of Texts: Novels, short stories, poetry, plays, literary essays.

Public Translator
- Scope of Work: Also known as sworn translators, they specialize in the translation of official
documents that have legal validity. These documents may include birth certificates, marriage
certificates, diplomas, contracts, court judgments, and more.
- Competencies: Must be familiar with legal terminology and legal procedures. In many
countries, public translators must be authorized by a governmental or professional entity in
order to certify their translations.
- Sample Texts: Legal and administrative documents, certificates, contracts, court documents,
and any text that requires a certified translation.

Institutions that bring together both

- AATI (Argentine Association of Translators and Interpreters)
- CTPCBA (Association of Public Translators of the City of Buenos Aires)
- IAPTI (International Association of Professional Translators and Interpreters)

Types of Translation
Forward Translation
Refers to the translation from English to Spanish. It is the most common process in many
translation environments.
Backwards Translation
Consists of translating from Spanish to English. It is especially used to verify the accuracy of an
initial translation.

Types of Interpretation
- Consecutive: The interpreter translates after the speaker has finished speaking, usually in short
segments.
- Simultaneous: The interpreter translates in real time while the speaker is speaking.
- At Sight: The interpreter reads a document aloud, translating it on the spot.
- Whispering or Chuchotage: The interpreter translates quietly for one or two listeners while the
speaker is speaking.
- IRS or RSI (Remote Simultaneous Interpretation): Simultaneous interpretation is done
remotely using technology.
- OPI (Over the Phone Interpretation): Interpreting is done over the phone, useful for situations
where the physical presence of the interpreter is not possible.

Types of Translation in the Job Market

Technical Translation
Involves the translation of texts related to industry and technology, such as technical manuals,
product documentation, and technical specifications.
Scientific Translation
Refers to texts related to scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, medicine, and
more.
Journalistic Translation
Focuses on the translation of journalistic articles and reports, maintaining the accuracy and style
of the original.
Literary Translation
This is the translation of literary texts, such as short stories, novels, poems, and plays. The
translator must preserve the style, form and voice of the author, as well as aspects such as rhyme
and rhythm in poetry.
Commercial Translation
Related to marketing and advertising, covering brochures, catalogs, advertising campaigns, and
promotional materials. Linguistic creativity and cultural understanding are essential in this type
of translation.

Judicial vs. Public or Sworn Translations

- Legal: Translation of legal texts, such as contracts, laws, and court rulings. It requires
linguistic precision and in-depth knowledge of legal language and procedures.
- Public or Certified: Translation of official documents required for public or private
proceedings, such as birth certificates, diplomas, and notarial acts. These translations are
certified by an official translator.
Audiovisual Translation (TAV)
Includes dubbing, transcription, and subtitling of audiovisual materials, such as movies, series,
and documentaries.

Specialized Translation
This category covers translations with specific terminology and aimed at a specialized audience.
It is subdivided into several areas:
1. Technical Translation: engineering, automotive, architecture, and construction texts.
2. Scientific Translation: Texts related to sciences such as chemistry, physics, medicine,
dentistry, and veterinary medicine.
3. Legal Translation: Legal texts that require precision and knowledge of legal terminology
and procedures.
4. Financial Translation: Economic documents such as reports, balance sheets, and bank
bulletins.
5. Software Localization: Translation of texts within software, such as menus, help, error
messages, and dialog boxes.
Public Translation or Sworn Translation
Not to be confused with legal translation. Although a sworn translation may have legal content,
this is not always the case. Sworn or certified translations are required for official procedures
and bear the seal of the official certified translator.

Resources used by a Translator

A professional translator uses a variety of resources to ensure the accuracy, consistency and
quality of his or her translations. These resources include technological tools, linguistic
references, and style guides.
1. Computer Assisted Translation Tools (CAT Tools)
CAT tools are programs designed to facilitate the translation process, increase productivity and
ensure terminological consistency. The main functions include:
- Translation Memories (TM): store already translated text segments and their corresponding
translation. When the translator finds a similar or identical segment in a new text, the tool
suggests the previously stored translation, saving time and ensuring consistency.
- Terminology Databases (TB): Allow translators to create and manage glossaries of
specialized terms. These databases ensure that the same translations of technical and specific
terms are used throughout the document.
- Text Segmentation: Divides text into manageable segments, such as sentences or paragraphs,
facilitating the translation and revision process.
- Quality Control: Provides functions to verify the consistency of terminology, spelling,
grammar, and other technical aspects of the translated text.
Examples of CAT tools: Trados Studio, memoQ, Wordfast, OmegaT.
2. Style guides
Style guides are documents that establish rules and recommendations on the use of language,
format and style of translated texts. They help maintain uniformity and quality in translations.
Key elements of a style guide include:
- Capitalization: Rules on when and how to use capital letters.
- Punctuation: Rules for the use of commas, periods, exclamation and question marks, etc.
- Formatting: Indications on text layout, such as margins, line spacing, and typefaces.
- Writing Style: Recommendations on tone, formality, and sentence structure.
- Terminology: List of preferred terms and their approved translations to ensure consistency.
Example: The “Oxford Style Guide” defines capitalization, punctuation, quotations, and other
aspects of writing style.
3. Glossaries
A glossary is a list of specialized terms along with their translations and definitions. Glossaries
are crucial to ensure terminological accuracy in technical and specialized translations.
Translators create and consult glossaries to maintain consistency and accuracy in the translation
of specific terms.
Example: A medical glossary may include terms such as “artery”, “atrial fibrillation”, and their
definitions.

4. Linguistic Resources and Documentation

Translators also use various linguistic resources and documentation to inform their work:
- Bilingual and Monolingual Dictionaries: help in finding word and phrase equivalences in both
languages.
- Linguistic Corpuses: Extensive collections of texts that translators can consult for examples of
language usage in real-life contexts.
- Writing Manuals: Offer guidance on grammar, style, and language usage.
- Online Terminology Databases: Provide access to specialized terminology in specific fields.
Examples: Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (RAE), Merriam-Webster, IATE
(InterActive Terminology for Europe).

Types of Spanish
1. US Spanish (United States Spanish): Refers to Spanish spoken in the United States, where
there is great diversity due to the presence of speakers from different Spanish-speaking
countries. US Spanish may include English influences and regional variations.
2. Puerto Rican Spanish: Specifically the Spanish spoken in Puerto Rico, which has its own
characteristics such as the use of voseo and the influence of Taino, African and Spanish
expressions.
3. Mexican Spanish: Variant of Spanish spoken in Mexico, which is the most widely spoken in
terms of population in the Spanish-speaking world. It has unique lexical, grammatical and
cultural characteristics.
4. Latin American Spanish: Refers to the set of varieties of Spanish spoken in Latin America.
Although they share many similarities, each country and region has its own linguistic and
cultural peculiarities.
Example: In U.S. Spanish, it is common to hear expressions such as “carro” instead of “coche”.
In Puerto Rico, voseo is used by pronouncing “tú” as “vos”, and in Mexico you can find
variations such as “chido” to say “good” or “cool”.

Technical Translation
Technical translation is a specialized field that deals with documents or texts containing
technical jargon, terminology and specific concepts. It requires a high level of expertise and
knowledge in the subject matter being translated. It is essential in industries such as
engineering, medicine, law and science.
The main objective of technical translation is to accurately convey the meaning of the original
text into the target language, while maintaining the technical accuracy and terminology used in
the original document. There are several types of technical translation, such as user manuals,
scientific articles, patents, software localization and medical documents, each requiring
specialized knowledge to ensure a precise and accurate translation.
User manuals require clear and concise language, often accompanied by diagrams and
illustrations. Scientific articles demand a high level of technical and subject matter knowledge.
Patents require legal and patent law knowledge. Software localization involves translating user
interfaces and technical documents. Medical documents require knowledge of medical
terminology and procedures.
Technical translation presents several challenges, such as complex terminology, cultural
differences and language barriers. Technical documents often contain specialized terms that may
not have direct translations in the target language, making it difficult to convey the exact
meaning.
Cultural differences can also be a challenge, as certain concepts may not be easily understood or
accepted in other cultures. Language barriers can also affect the accuracy of the technical
translation, requiring the translator to have a high level of proficiency in both languages.
Various tools and technologies are used in technical translation to improve accuracy and
efficiency. Computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools help manage terminology and maintain
consistency. Translation memory (TM) software stores previously translated segments for future
use, reducing the time and effort required. Machine translation (MT) is also used, although it
requires human editing to ensure accuracy.

Process of translation
Key points of the translation process, covering various phases and translator's
responsibilities
- Pre-Acceptance Phase:
 Client Negotiation: Includes establishing rates, payment terms, deadlines and
formatting requirements.
 Request for Additional Materials: If necessary, the translator may request glossaries
or other supporting documents to facilitate the translation.
- Post-Acceptance Phase:
 Analysis of the Source Text: Understand the type of text, its purpose, target audience
and specific linguistic registers used (such as technical or legal terminology).
 Translation: Requires high proficiency in both languages (source and target), ensuring
an accurate and contextually appropriate translation, following the client's instructions
and stylistic conventions.
- Proofreading:
  Proofreading: Usually performed by a second translator to ensure fidelity to the
original text, and correct terminology, style and presentation.
Focuses on linguistic correction in the target language, ensuring that the final text meets
quality standards without the need for bilingual competence.
- Post-Delivery Phase:
 Archiving: Maintain translation records for future reference and possibly offer
additional services such as terminology management or linguistic consulting.
 - Required Competencies:

 Translation Competency: Understand and solve comprehension problems in the

source text, conveying its meaning accurately in the target language.
 Linguistic Competence: Ability to produce high quality texts in the target
language in various registers.
 Documentary Competence: Ability to acquire and manage additional linguistic
and specialized knowledge necessary for translation.
 Cultural Competence: Understanding cultural nuances to ensure that
translations are culturally appropriate.
 Technological Competency: Proficiency in the use of software and tools
relevant to efficient translation.
- Proofreading and Editing:

 Proofreading: Ensures fidelity to the original text in terms of

terminology, style and intended message.
 Proofreading: Focuses on grammatical accuracy, ensuring that the final
text meets linguistic standards.

Specific work of a proofreader

A proofreader is a professional specialized in the revision and correction of written texts. Their
main function is to identify and correct grammatical, spelling, punctuation, style and coherence
errors in a text, ensuring that it complies with established linguistic and style standards to
guarantee the clarity and accuracy of the message. In addition, the proofreader can offer
suggestions to improve structure, cohesion and avoid unnecessary repetition and ambiguity. The
objective is to ensure that the text is clear, coherent and free of errors that may affect its
comprehension and credibility.
Proofreaders are usually people with a solid command of the language and a thorough
understanding of grammar, spelling and punctuation rules. They usually have a background in
language, linguistics, journalism, communications or related areas, and may be writers, editors,
language teachers, translators or other professionals with advanced language skills and
proofreading experience. A high level of attention to detail and a clear understanding of style
and writing standards are essential.

A proofreader addresses a wide range of grammatical and orthographic aspects in a text,

including:
1. Spelling: Writing errors, capitalization, accentuation, etc.
2. Punctuation: Correct application of commas, periods, question marks, etc.
3. Agreement: Ensuring that nouns, adjectives, and verbs agree in gender and number.
4. Coherence and cohesion: Checking the logical connection between ideas for a proper
flow of the text.
5. Use of connectors: Correcting the incorrect use of connectors such as "however,"
"instead," "on the contrary," etc.
6. Verb tenses: Ensuring the correct and consistent use of verb tenses.
7. Use of pronominal verbs: Correcting inappropriate uses of pronominal verbs.
8. Elimination of unnecessary repetitions and ambiguities.
9. Avoiding ambiguous phrases that may cause misunderstandings.
 10. Correct use of gerunds in appropriate contexts.
When reviewing a text, the proofreader should avoid common errors such as shorthand, spelling
errors, lack of agreement, incorrect use of connectors, unnecessary repetitions, ambiguity,
cacophony, inappropriate use of gerunds, and errors in verb tenses.

Visites

The Anchipurac Environmental Center

The Anchipurac Environmental Center, located in San Juan, is an educational and

environmental initiative dedicated to promoting a sustainable lifestyle for present and future
generations. Previously the site of the province's largest landfill, it now hosts the San Juan
Environmental Complex, which is based on circular economy principles, encouraging the reuse
of resources. This complex includes the Anchipurac Environmental Center, the Environmental
Technologies Park (PTA), and the Regional Environmental Technological Industrial Park
(PITAR), located at the base of the Sierra Chica in Rivadavia.
The PTA receives urban solid waste from nine municipalities, which are separated, classified,
and recovered for recycling or properly disposed of. On the other hand, PITAR is under
development and will be a sustainable industrial park that processes recovered waste such as
electronic waste, batteries, rubber, paper, cardboard, and plastic. This initiative represents a
significant advancement in environmental management and the integration of new technologies
for the benefit of the community and the environment.
We went on a guided tour of Anchipurac, where we could experience various educational and
practical activities related to sustainability and the environment. Some of the typical activities
we participated in during the visit were:
Tour of the facilities: The guides led us through the different areas of the complex, explaining
their operation and the processes used for waste management and the promotion of the circular
economy.
Environmental interpretation: Explanations were provided about the area's flora, fauna, and
geography, highlighting the importance of conservation and respect for the natural environment.
Technological demonstrations: Advanced technologies used in waste treatment and recycling
were showcased, emphasizing how they are applied to minimize environmental impact and
promote sustainable practices.
Overall, a guided tour of Anchipurac provides a comprehensive educational experience, aimed
at raising visitors' awareness about the importance of adopting responsible practices towards the
environment and future generations.

Mining Expo San Juan 2024

What is the Mining Expo?

It is a biennial event where investments are defined, and direct relationships are established with
society, companies from all over the country and various regions of the world, government
authorities, and international organizations.

The Mining Expo that took place in San Juan in May is usually an important event in the mining
sector. Here is general information about what it might include and how it could be relevant for
a translation student:
 1. Purpose and Participants: The expo is generally organized to bring together mining
companies, equipment suppliers, consultants, and industry professionals. The goal is to
showcase technological advances, discuss regulatory issues, and promote investments in
the mining industry.
2. Activities: At the expo, attendees can find conferences, panel discussions, exhibitions of
mining equipment, and networking opportunities. Additionally, new technologies and
research projects may be presented.
3. Relevance for Translation Students: For us, translation students, this type of event offers
several opportunities:
 Technical Translation: Practice translating technical documents related to
mining, such as equipment specifications, environmental impact reports, and
regulations.
 Simultaneous Interpretation: Participate in simultaneous interpretation sessions
during conferences and presentations.
 Networking: Meet professionals in the sector and understand the specific
translation needs of the mining industry.
4. Tips for Making the Most of It: It is advisable to prepare by researching the topics to be
discussed, familiarizing yourself with mining technical terminology in English and
Spanish, and having business cards and an updated resume for networking.
The San Juan Mining Expo 2024 began with great enthusiasm, standing out as a key event for
the mining sector. At the opening, Governor Marcelo Orrego and the National Mining Secretary,
Luis Lucero, were present, highlighting the Incentive Regime for Large Investments (RIGI), as
well as the strategic role of lithium and copper in the energy transition.

According to Lucero, RIGI aims to replicate or surpass the previous successes of Mining
Investment Law 24,196 and promises to improve regulations to attract investment. Orrego
emphasized the importance of mining in addressing climate change and how San Juan could
become a major global copper supplier.

The event also highlighted the signing of an agreement between the governors of San Juan,
Salta, Catamarca, and Mendoza to boost the copper industry, with the expectation of mobilizing
investments of more than $20 billion and generating around 100,000 jobs. San Juan leads the
country with five of the eight copper projects in advanced exploration.
Conclusion
Professional practices play a crucial role in the training of translators by offering practical
experience that complements the theory learned in coursework. Through these practices,
students not only apply our knowledge in real contexts but also develop essential skills for our
future professional careers. The combination of linguistic, cultural, technological, and personal
skills is fundamental for addressing the diverse fields of translation and interpretation.
The professional profile of a translator is built on a solid foundation of competencies that range
from mastery of working languages and cultural understanding to the ability to use advanced
technological tools and apply problem-solving strategies. The differences between technical-
scientific, literary, and public translators highlight the specialization required for each area,
underscoring the importance of training tailored to the specific demands of each field.
Additionally, the knowledge and experience gained through visits to relevant institutions like
the Anchipurac Environmental Center and the San Juan Mining Expo 2024 enrich the
translator's training by providing a practical and updated perspective on how resources are
managed and challenges are addressed in specific contexts. For example, the visit to the
Anchipurac Environmental Center allowed us to experience firsthand waste management and
sustainability practices, while the Mining Expo offered a detailed insight into trends and
technologies in the mining industry, as well as the specialized terminology used in this field.
These complementary experiences are valuable for us as future translators to better understand
the contexts in which we operate and become familiar with the terminology and processes of
specific sectors. Integrating these visits into professional training helps students develop a more
comprehensive understanding of the environments in which we will apply our skills and prepare
us to face the challenges of the profession more effectively.
In conclusion, professional practices, along with the experiences gained through visits and
practical activities, are essential for the comprehensive development of translators. These
experiences allow students to apply their knowledge, adapt to market demands, and effectively
contribute to intercultural communication, ensuring that they are well-prepared for a successful
career in the field of translation and interpretation.