Q

T150(E)(A2)T

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION N6

(8060026)

2 April 2019 (X-Paper)

09:00–13:00
OPEN-BOOK EXAMINATION

REQUIREMENTS: Hot-rolled structural steel sections (red book) (BOE8/6)

Calculators, personal notes and textbooks may be used.

This question paper consists of 6 pages and 3 schedules.

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(8060026) -2- T150(E)(A2)T

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND TRAINING

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
BUILDING AND STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION N6
TIME: 4 HOURS
MARKS: 100

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INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

o.
1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Read ALL the questions carefully.

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3. Number the answers according to the numbering system used in this question
paper. rs
4. Start each question on a NEW page.

5. Draw a line across the page at the end of each answer.

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6. ALL calculations must conform to the relevant SABS/SANS Codes of
Practice.

7. Indicate ALL relevant code/clause references.

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8. Complement answers with neat sketches.

9. Use the attached SCHEDULES A, B and C to assist with answers.

10. Write neatly and legibly.

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(8060026) -3- T150(E)(A2)T

QUESTION 1

FIGURE 1 shows a simply supported reinforced concrete beam where the span is
limited to 4,50 metres.

200

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275
325

o.


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2R16

FIGURE 1
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Calculate the maximum distributed load per metre run if the density of the concrete is
2 400 kg/m³. The beam is reinforced with a mild-steel reinforcement and cast with
20 MPa concrete. Consider the self-weight of the reinforced concrete beam in the
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calculations. [15]

QUESTION 2
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FIGURE 2 shows a horizontal sectional view of THREE plates, built-up to form a steel
column. The effective height of the column will be 4,65 metres.

180
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12
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9
270

12

FIGURE 2

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Calculate:

2.1 The cross-sectional area of the steel section (2)

2.2 The second moment of area about the x-x axis (4)

2.3 The second moment of area about the y-y axis (3)

2.4 The minimum second moment of area (1)

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2.5 The minimum radius of gyration (2)

2.6 The slenderness ratio  (2)

o.
2.7 The maximum axial load the column can support (1)
[15]

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QUESTION 3

FIGURE 3 shows a vertical section through a simply supported, reinforced concrete

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staircase. The staircase is 1,35 metres wide and supported at both ends. The staircase
must be able to withstand an imposed load of 4,5 kN/m² and will be cast monolithically.
The density of the concrete is 2 425 kg/m³. Use grade 20 concrete with mild-steel
reinforcement. Indicate ALL relevant code references.
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LANDING
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225
1 600


175
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140 WAIST
FLOOR
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2 025

FIGURE 3

Calculate:

3.1 The total design dead and imposed loads (8)

3.2 The maximum bending moment

 (3)

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3.3 The value of the constant K (3)

3.4 The distance of the lever arm (3)

3.5 The size and spacing of suitable tension reinforcement (3)


3.6 The size and spacing of suitable secondary reinforcement (3)
[23]

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QUESTION 4

FIGURE 4 shows a fillet welding joint with a leg size of 8 mm. The maximum stress of
the weld is 130 MPa.

o.
 'L'
8

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Load=177 kN
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FIGURE 4
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Calculate the minimum length of the fillet welding joint. [6]


QUESTION 5
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FIGURE 5 shows a simply supported compound beam consisting of a 406 × 178 ×

67,2 kg/m I-section parallel-flange steel beam supporting a 305 × 102 × 32,8 kg/m
I-section parallel-flange steel beam. The steel beam has a span of 12 metres.
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305 x 102 x 32,8 kg/m

I-PARALLEL FLANGE
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406 x 178 x 67,2 kg/m

I-PARALLEL FLANGE

FIGURE 5 
Include the self-weight of the beam and calculate the maximum point load the beam
will carry at mid-span. Use a bending stress of 162 MPa. [20]
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(8060026) -6- T150(E)(A2)T

QUESTION 6

6.1 FIGURE 6 shows a rectangular reinforced concrete column. The column is

reinforced with 4Y20 and 2Y16 main bars. The characteristic strength of the
concrete is limited to 30 MPa. Use a safe bearing upward soil pressure of
220 kN/m².

4Y20 MAIN BARS

& 2Y16 MAIN BARS

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220

o.
600


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FIGURE 6

Calculate:
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6.1.1 The nett area of the concrete (4)

 6.1.2 The axial load the column can withstand (4)

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6.1.3 The required diameter and spacing of the binders (2)

6.2 Calculate the minimum area of a square isolated pad foundation for the
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RC column mentioned in QUESTION 6.1. Use a safe bearing upward soil

pressure of 220 kN/m².

The column must also resist the following loads:

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Imposed load: 600 kN

Mass of foundation concrete: 85 kN (4)
[14]
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QUESTION 7

7.1 Select TWO ferrous and TWO nonferrous metals used in the construction of
steel buildings from the list below. 
lead; cast iron; tin; zinc; carbon steel;
aluminium; structural steel; copper
(2 + 2) (4)

7.2 Name the apparatus used to perform a slump test for fresh concrete. (3)
[7]

TOTAL: 100
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(8060026) -1- T150(E)(A2)T

SCHEDULE A

a
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF REINFORCEMENT RODS FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS

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Rod diameter (mm)
Number of rods

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Ø6 Ø8 Ø10 Ø12 Ø16 Ø20 Ø25 Ø32 Ø40 Ø50
1 28,3 50,3 78,5 113,1 201,1 314,2 490,9 804,2 1 256,6 1 963,5
2 57 101 157 226 402 628 982 1 608 2 513 3 927

s.
3 85 151 236 339 603 943 1 473 2 413 3 770 5 891
4 113 201 314 452 804 1 257 1 964 3 217 5 026 7 854

er
5 141 251 393 566 1 006 1 571 2 455 4 021 6 283 9 818
6 170 302 471 679 1 207 1 885 2 945 4 825 7 540 11 781
7 198 352 550 792 1 408 2 199 3 436 5 629 8 796 13 745
8
9
10
11
226
255
283
311
402
453
503
553
P 628
707
785
864
ap
905
1 018
1 131
1 244
1 609
1 810
2 011
2 212
2 514
2 828
3 142
3 456
3 927
4 418
4 909
5 400
6 434
7 238
8 042
8 846
10 053
11 309
12 566
13 823
15 708
17 672
19 635
21 599
12 339 603 942 1 357 2 413 3 770 5 891 9 650 15 079 23 562
Typical secondary
Typical main reinforcement
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reinforcement
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(8060026) -2- T150(E)(A2)T

SCHEDULE B

a
CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF REINFORCEMENT RODS PER METRE WIDTH FOR SLABS AND STAIRCASES

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Spacing of Rod diameter (mm)
rods centre

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to centre
Ø6 Ø8 Ø10 Ø12 Ø16 Ø20 Ø25 Ø32 Ø40 Ø50
50 566 1 005 1 571 2 262 4 021 6 283 9 817 16 085 25 133 39 270
75 377 670 1 048 1 508 2 681 4 189 6 545 10 723 16 755 26 180

s.
100 283 503 785 1 131 2 011 3 142 4 909 8 042 12 566 19 635
125 226 402 628 905 1 608 2 513 3 927 6 434 10 053 15 708

er
150 188 335 524 754 1 340 2 094 3 272 5 362 8 378 13 090
175 162 387 449 646 1 149 1 795 2 805 4 596 7 181 11 220
200 141 251 393 565 1 005 1 571 2 454 4 021 6 283 9 817
250
300
350
400
113
94
81
71
201
168
144
125
P 314
262
224
196
ap 452
377
323
283
804
670
574
503
1 257
1 047
898
786
1 963
1 636
1 402
1 227
3 217
2 681
2 298
2 011
5 027
4 189
3 590
3 142
7 854
6 545
5 610
4 909
500 57 101 157 226 402 620 982 1 608 2 513 3 927

Typical secondary reinforcement Typical main reinforcement

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(8060026) -3- T150(E)(A2)T

SCHEDULE C

a
ISOMETRIC BLACK HEXAGON BOLTS AND NUTS

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DIMENSION IN MILLIMETRE
Normal Pitch of Maximum width of Maximum height Maximum
size and Minimum
thread head and nut of head thickness of nut Tensile

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thread distance
coarse Face stress area
diameter Across Across Face on between
pitch Black Black one in mm²
flats corners underside centres
series side
M6 1 10,00 11,5 4,375 4,25 5,375 5 20,1 15

s.
M8 1,25 13,00 15,0 5,875 5,74 6,875 6,5 36,6 20
M 10 1,5 17,00 19,6 7,45 7,29 8,45 8, 58,0 25
M 12 1,75 19,00 21,9 8,45 8,29 10,45 10 84,3 30

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M 16 2 24,00 27,7 10,45 10,29 13,45 13 157 40

M 20 2,5 30,00 34,6 13,90 13,35 16,55 16 245 50

M 22 2,5 32,00 36,9 14,90 14,35 18,55 18 303 55
M 24
M 27
M 30

M 33
3
3
3,5

3,5
35,00
41,00
46,00
P
50,00
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41,6
47,3
53,1

57,7
15,90
17,90
20,05

22,05
15,35
17,35
19,42

21,42
19,65
22,65
24,65

26,65
19
22
24

26
353
459
561

694
60
67,5
75

82,5
M 36 4 55,00 63,5 25,05 23,42 29,65 29 817 90
M 39 4 60,00 69,3 26,05 25,42 31,80 31 976 97,5
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M 42 4,5 65,00 75,1 27,05 26,42 34,80 34 1 120 105

M 45 4,5 70,00 80,8 29,05 28,42 36,80 36 1 300 112,5
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M 48 5,0 75,00 86,6 31,05 30,42 38,80 38 1 470 120

M 52 5,0 80,00 92,4 34,25 33,42 42,80 42 1 760 130
M 56 5,5 85,00 98,1 36,25 35,50 45,80 45 2 030 140

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