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Data Structure-55-57

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19 views3 pages

Data Structure-55-57

Uploaded by

briley.boede
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT-V

TREES AND BINARY TREES

TREES

INTRODUCTION
In linear data structure data is organized in sequential order and in non-linear data structure
data is organized in random order. A tree is a very popular non-linear data structure used in
a wide range of applications. Tree is a non-linear data structure which organizes data in
hierarchical structure and this is a recursive definition.
DEFINITION OF TREE:
Tree is collection of nodes (or) vertices and their edges (or) links. In tree data structure,
every individual element is called as Node. Node in a tree data structure stores the actual
data of that particular element and link to next element in hierarchical structure.

Note: 1. In a Tree, if we have N number of nodes then we can have a maximum of N-


1 number of links or edges.
2. Tree has no cycles.
TREE TERMINOLOGIES:
1. Root Node: In a Tree data structure, the first node is called as Root Node. Every tree
must have a root node. We can say that the root node is the origin of the tree data
structure. In any tree, there must be only one root node. We never have multiple root
nodes in a tree.

2. Edge: In a Tree, the connecting link between any two nodes is called as EDGE. In a tree
with 'N' number of nodes there will be a maximum of 'N-1' number of edges.

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3. Parent Node: In a Tree, the node which is a predecessor of any node is called as PARENT
NODE. In simple words, the node which has a branch from it to any other node is called a
parent node. Parent node can also be defined as "The node which has child / children".

Here, A is parent of B&C. B is the parent of D,E&F and so on…


4. Child Node: In a Tree data structure, the node which is descendant of any node is called
as CHILD Node. In simple words, the node which has a link from its parent node is called as
child node. In a tree, any parent node can have any number of child nodes. In a tree, all the
nodes except root are child nodes.

5. Siblings: In a Tree data structure, nodes which belong to same Parent are called
as SIBLINGS. In simple words, the nodes with the same parent are called Sibling nodes.

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6. Leaf Node: In a Tree data structure, the node which does not have a child is called
as LEAF Node. In simple words, a leaf is a node with no child. In a tree data structure, the
leaf nodes are also called as External Nodes. External node is also a node with no child. In a
tree, leaf node is also called as 'Terminal' node.

7. Internal Nodes: In a Tree data structure, the node which has atleast one child is called
as INTERNAL Node. In simple words, an internal node is a node with atleast one child.

In a Tree data structure, nodes other than leaf nodes are called as Internal Nodes. The root
node is also said to be Internal Node if the tree has more than one node. Internal nodes are
also called as 'Non-Terminal' nodes.

8. Degree: In a Tree data structure, the total number of children of a node is called
as DEGREE of that Node. In simple words, the Degree of a node is total number of children it
has. The highest degree of a node among all the nodes in a tree is called as 'Degree of Tree'

Degree of Tree is: 3

9. Level: In a Tree data structure, the root node is said to be at Level 0 and the children of
root node are at Level 1 and the children of the nodes which are at Level 1 will be at Level 2

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